EP3870917A1 - Verfahren und anlage zur tieftemperaturezerlegung von luft - Google Patents
Verfahren und anlage zur tieftemperaturezerlegung von luftInfo
- Publication number
- EP3870917A1 EP3870917A1 EP19797567.5A EP19797567A EP3870917A1 EP 3870917 A1 EP3870917 A1 EP 3870917A1 EP 19797567 A EP19797567 A EP 19797567A EP 3870917 A1 EP3870917 A1 EP 3870917A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- column
- pressure column
- fed
- low
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
- F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
- F25J3/04315—Lowest pressure or impure nitrogen, so-called waste nitrogen expansion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/0443—A main column system not otherwise provided, e.g. a modified double column flowsheet
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/0446—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the heat generated by mixing two different phases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
- F25J2200/04—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification in a dual pressure main column system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
- F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
- F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
- F25J2250/40—One fluid being air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
- F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
- F25J2250/50—One fluid being oxygen
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a plant for the low-temperature separation of air according to the respective preambles of the independent claims.
- Air separation plants have distillation column systems which can be designed, for example, as two-column systems, in particular as classic Linde double-column systems, but also as three- or multi-column systems.
- distillation column systems which can be designed, for example, as two-column systems, in particular as classic Linde double-column systems, but also as three- or multi-column systems.
- Distillation columns for the production of nitrogen and / or oxygen in the liquid and / or gaseous state that is to say the distillation columns for the nitrogen-oxygen separation, distillation columns for the production of further air components, in particular the noble gases krypton, xenon and / or argon, can be provided.
- the distillation columns of the distillation column systems mentioned are operated at different pressure levels.
- Known double column systems have a so-called high pressure column (also referred to as a pressure column, medium pressure column or lower column) and a so-called low pressure column (also referred to as an upper column).
- the high-pressure column is typically operated at a pressure level of 4 to 7 bar, in particular approximately 5.3 bar.
- the low pressure column is operated at a pressure level of typically 1 to 2 bar, in particular approx. 1.4 bar. In certain cases, higher pressure levels can be used in both rectification columns.
- the pressures specified here and below are absolute pressures at the top of the columns specified.
- DE 821 654 B discloses a method in which nitrogen is fed into the high-pressure column. This nitrogen is previously used to boil the sump of the high pressure column. Its origin is not described.
- CN 106123489 A discloses a method in which, in one embodiment, feed air fed into the high-pressure column is partly in one
- Main heat exchanger downstream condenser is liquefied.
- Pressurized nitrogen is discharged from the air separation plant.
- the present invention sets itself the task in the event that nitrogen with a relatively high purity (with a typically in the ppm or ppb range oxygen content, for example with about 1 ppm or 80 ppb or less, based on the air separation plant) molar fraction) at a pressure level of e.g. 9.5 bar absolute pressure, but also "impure" oxygen (with a
- a "condenser evaporator” is a heat exchanger in which a first, condensing fluid stream enters into indirect heat exchange with a second, evaporating fluid stream.
- Each condenser evaporator has one
- Evaporation rooms have liquefaction or evaporation passages.
- the condensation (liquefaction) of the first fluid flow is carried out in the liquefaction space, and the evaporation of the second fluid flow is carried out in the evaporation space.
- the evaporation and liquefaction space are formed by groups of passages that are in heat exchange relationship with each other.
- Air separation plant so-called main condenser connecting heat exchanging is designed as a condenser evaporator.
- the main condenser can in particular be designed as a single-storey or multi-storey bath evaporator, in particular as a cascade evaporator (as described, for example, in EP 1 287 302 B1), or else as a falling-film evaporator.
- the main capacitor can be replaced by a single one
- a liquid stream is forced through the evaporation space by means of its own pressure and partially evaporated there.
- This pressure is generated, for example, by a liquid column in the supply line to the evaporation space.
- the height of this liquid column corresponds to the pressure loss in the evaporation chamber.
- the gas-liquid mixture emerging from the evaporation space is separated into phases in a "once through" condenser evaporator of this type, directly to the next
- a "relaxation turbine” or “relaxation machine” that has a
- common shaft can be coupled to further expansion turbines or energy converters such as oil brakes, generators or compressors, is set up to relax a gaseous or at least partially liquid stream.
- turbines or energy converters such as oil brakes, generators or compressors
- expansion turbines can be used in the present
- Invention can be designed as a turbo expander. If a compressor is driven with one or more expansion turbines, but without energy supplied externally, for example by means of an electric motor, the term “turbine-driven” compressor or alternatively “booster” is used. Arrangements made from turbine-driven compressors and expansion turbines are also referred to as “booster turbines”.
- turbocompressors In air separation plants, multi-stage turbo compressors are used to compress the feed air to be separated, which are referred to here as "main air compressors".
- main air compressors The mechanical structure of turbocompressors is known to the person skilled in the art
- a turbocompressor In a turbocompressor, the medium to be compressed is compressed by means of turbine blades which are arranged on a turbine wheel or directly on a shaft.
- a turbocompressor forms a structural unit, which, however, can have several compressor stages in a multi-stage turbocompressor.
- a compressor stage usually includes a corresponding arrangement of turbine blades. All of these compressor stages can be driven by a common shaft. However, it can also be provided to drive the compressor stages in groups with different shafts, wherein the shafts can also be connected to one another via gears.
- the main air compressor is further distinguished by the fact that it compresses the entire amount of air fed into the distillation column system and used for the production of air products, that is to say the entire feed air.
- a “post-compressor” can also be provided, in which, however, only a part of the air quantity compressed in the main air compressor is brought to an even higher pressure.
- This can also be designed as a turbocompressor.
- the use of a common compressor or of compressor stages of such a compressor as the main air compressor and secondary compressor can also be provided.
- further turbo compressors in the form of the aforementioned boosters are typically provided in air separation plants, but as a rule, in comparison to the main air compressor or the secondary compressor, only carry out compression to a relatively small extent.
- Liquids and gases can, in the language used here, be rich or poor in one or more components, “rich” for a content of at least 50%, 75%, 90%, 95%, 99%, 99.5%, 99, 9% or 99.99% and “poor” for a maximum of 50%, 25%, 10%, 5%, 1%, 0.1% or 0.01% on a mole, weight or volume basis .
- the term “predominantly” can correspond to the definition of "rich”.
- Liquids and gases can also be enriched or depleted in one or more components, these terms refer to a content in a starting liquid or gas from which the liquid or gas was obtained.
- the liquid or gas is "enriched” if this or this content is at least 1.1 times, 1.5 times, 2 times, 5 times, 10 times 100 times or 1,000 times the content, and " depleted "if this or this contains at most 0.9 times, 0.5 times, 0.1 times, 0.01 times or 0.001 times the content of a corresponding component, based on the starting liquid or gas. If, for example, “oxygen” or “nitrogen” is used here, this should also be understood to mean a liquid or a gas which is rich in oxygen or nitrogen but does not necessarily have to consist exclusively of it. Advantages of the invention
- the present invention is based in particular on the knowledge that there is a need for the product range mentioned in the introduction
- Air separation plant is advantageous to use a double column system known per se, which comprises a high and a low pressure column.
- a double column system known per se, which comprises a high and a low pressure column.
- the present invention relates to a method and an air separation plant by means of which nitrogen is of relatively high purity (with an oxygen content typically in the ppm or ppb range, for example approximately 1 ppm or 80 ppb or less, based on the molar) Proportion) at a pressure level of e.g. 8 to 12 bar, in particular approx. 9.5 bar absolute pressure, but at the same time also "impure" oxygen (with an oxygen content of e.g. 85 to 98 mole percent, preferably 90 to 98 mole percent) are provided.
- nitrogen is of relatively high purity (with an oxygen content typically in the ppm or ppb range, for example approximately 1 ppm or 80 ppb or less, based on the molar) Proportion) at a pressure level of e.g. 8 to 12 bar, in particular approx. 9.5 bar absolute pressure, but at the same time also "impure" oxygen (with an oxygen content of e.g. 85 to 98 mole percent, preferably 90 to 98 mo
- a common form of designing a corresponding double column system comprises one
- So-called internal main condenser that is, a corresponding apparatus which is arranged in a sump area of the low-pressure column.
- so-called external main condensers can also be used, to which fluid is fed, which is taken from the sump area of the low-pressure column via lines and fed into the main condenser.
- main condenser of a known double column system or comparable apparatus In the main condenser of a known double column system or comparable apparatus
- High pressure column at least partially liquefied. It is one
- the high-pressure column and the low-pressure column are also arranged one above the other and have a common column jacket or interconnected column jackets.
- Low pressure column are welded together or the high pressure column and Low pressure columns can be arranged in a common outer shell, which in turn is housed in a so-called cold box.
- the present invention can also use separately arranged high and low pressure columns, two-part low pressure columns and the like, provided that
- the present invention is not for use with a conventional one
- Double column system in which the high pressure column and the low pressure column are permanently connected to each other. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to one-piece high and low pressure columns.
- the present invention is further based on the knowledge that it is particularly advantageous to use an impure nitrogen stream (also referred to in the prior art as "waste gas", see FIG. 2.3A and page 23 at Häring) which is drawn off from the low pressure column of a corresponding distillation column system , not or not exclusively, as known from the prior art, permanently from the impure nitrogen stream (also referred to in the prior art as "waste gas", see FIG. 2.3A and page 23 at Häring) which is drawn off from the low pressure column of a corresponding distillation column system , not or not exclusively, as known from the prior art, permanently from the
- Impure nitrogen is, especially in the main heat exchanger
- Air separation plant heated, compressed in the warm part of the air separation plant, and then cooled again and fed into the high-pressure column. It goes without saying that not all impure nitrogen which is drawn off from the low pressure column can be treated accordingly. Rather, the present invention uses only a portion of the corresponding impure nitrogen in the manner described, so that further impure nitrogen can be used, for example, for cooling, regeneration of adsorbers, as a sealing gas in compressors and the like, or can simply be blown off to the atmosphere.
- impure nitrogen or a “impure nitrogen stream”
- "Impure nitrogen” gas mixture contains 8 to 15 according to the invention Mol percent, especially 10 to 13 mol percent oxygen.
- the argon content is typically comparable to that of air and, depending on the process parameters, is typically 0.6 to 1.4 mol percent, in particular 0.7 to 1.3 mol percent.
- the present invention proposes a method for the low-temperature separation of air, in which a
- Air separation plant with a condenser evaporator and with a
- Distillation column system which has a high-pressure column operated in a first pressure range and a low-pressure column operated in a second pressure range below the first pressure range.
- the “first pressure range” can in particular be, for example, 7 to 13 bar, the “second pressure range” in particular 2 to 4 bar (in each case absolute pressures). These pressure ranges are above typical pressure ranges in which the high and low pressure columns
- a bottom liquid here referred to as “first” bottom liquid
- first bottom liquid is formed in the high-pressure column of an air separation plant by low-temperature rectification.
- This has a higher oxygen content and a lower nitrogen content than atmospheric air.
- a typical oxygen content of a corresponding first sump liquid is typically 25 to 35 mole percent when the inventive measures explained below are used.
- a top gas here referred to as “first” top gas, is formed in the high-pressure column and has a lower oxygen content and a higher nitrogen content than atmospheric air.
- the nitrogen content of this first overhead gas is typically more than 95, in particular more than 99 mole percent.
- a bottom liquid is also formed by low-temperature rectification, which is referred to here as the "second" bottom liquid. This has a higher oxygen content and a lower nitrogen content than the first sump liquid.
- the oxygen content is typically more than 90 mole percent.
- a head gas is also formed, which here as a “second” head gas referred to as.
- This has a lower oxygen content and a higher nitrogen content than the first bottom liquid. It contains oxygen and nitrogen, especially in the concentration ranges previously explained for "impure nitrogen”.
- the basic operation of the high pressure column and the low pressure column is known. Compressed and cooled air in the form of one or more feed air streams is fed into the high-pressure column and the first sump liquid or a portion thereof is transferred to the low-pressure column and further rectified there.
- the first head gas or a portion thereof can be in the high pressure column and
- Low-pressure column heat-exchanging main condenser can be liquefied or partially liquefied, as a result of which a liquid return to the high-pressure column, possibly also to the low-pressure column, can be provided. Proportions of the first
- Top gases can also be liquefied or liquefied as corresponding products from the air separation plant.
- the feeding and the transfer of further material flows into or between the high and the low pressure column is also known, however, for reasons of clarity, not all of them
- the second overhead gas is partially or completely removed as impure nitrogen from the low-pressure column.
- the low-pressure column is therefore designed and operated in such a way that corresponding impure nitrogen forms on its head.
- Adsorption devices are used and / or blown off to the atmosphere.
- the main heat exchanger of a corresponding air separation plant is typically used. Is this talk about that the return quantity is heated, this does not exclude that the return quantity can possibly also be cooled before it is heated. Such cooling can result in particular from a relaxation of the return quantity. After compression and cooling, the latter takes place in the main heat exchanger
- the compression to the pressure in the first pressure range typically takes place in such a way that the return quantity can be fed directly into the high-pressure column after the subsequent cooling, which is why a corresponding pressure is selected such that it at least corresponds to the pressure at the feed point into the
- High pressure column corresponds. In other words, the pressure is in the first
- Pressure range to which the recycle quantity is compressed a pressure that is at least as high as the pressure at a feed point at which the recycle quantity is fed into the high-pressure column.
- the pressure is advantageously not above the pressure range in which the high-pressure column is operated.
- Return quantity leads within the scope of the present invention to a certain extent to a (quantity) amplification circuit for the high pressure column.
- a (quantity) amplification circuit for the high pressure column in addition to a nitrogen product, it is also possible to efficiently supply an (impure) oxygen product directly from the cold part of the air separation plant under a relatively high pressure of 2 to 12 bar without any post-compression.
- a combination of a double column operated under increased pressure with additional advantageous measures explained below is carried out.
- DE 821 654 B discloses a method in which the
- High pressure column 6 according to Figure 1 (reference numerals there) nitrogen is fed. This nitrogen is previously used to boil the sump of the high pressure column 6. Its origin is not described. In any case, pure nitrogen is removed from the top of the low-pressure column 8, as explicitly mentioned in line 35.
- the only further stream which is taken from the low-pressure column 8 here is an argon-containing pre-fraction 16 according to line 58. There is therefore no impure nitrogen available for boiling the sump of the high-pressure column 6. This also means that the nitrogen in the material stream 13 must be pure nitrogen clearly that this is fed in via the valve 15 at the top of the high-pressure column 6, which the person skilled in the art would not consider if it were impure nitrogen. With pure nitrogen, however, no amplification circuit in the sense of the present invention can be realized.
- the pressure column is not reinforced with gas but with the liquid (pure nitrogen) to be added at the top of the column.
- the gaseous nitrogen to be compressed must have an appropriate purity and an appropriate pressure.
- the pressure must be significantly higher than the pressure in the pressure column in order to allow condensation against the bottom liquid.
- DE 198 03 437 A1 describes a process for the low-temperature separation of air, in which in one embodiment a return of nitrogen, referred to as a “boosting circuit”, from the top of the low-pressure column into the
- the return quantity can be heated in particular in the main heat exchanger of a corresponding air separation plant. It is therefore provided in this embodiment that the air separation plant has a Main heat exchanger, in which at least the major part of a total amount of air fed into the distillation column system is cooled, the heating and cooling of the return amount, at least partially in the
- Main heat exchanger is made. As already mentioned, not all of the impure nitrogen is heated, compressed and fed into the high-pressure column in the context of the present invention. Rather, a further proportion of the impure nitrogen can in particular be carried out from the air separation plant. Such a further portion can be partially heated, in particular in the main heat exchanger, then expanded by means of a turbine or expansion machine, which can typically be braked by means of a generator, in the
- Main heat exchanger further heated and executed from the air separation plant or used as a regeneration gas in the manner explained.
- a portion of the compressed and cooled air is passed through a condenser evaporator, at least partially liquefied in it and fed into the distillation column system. Furthermore, the compressed and cooled air is a further part of the
- this condenser evaporator could be arranged in a liquid container to which part of the second bottom liquid or the entire second bottom liquid is fed. This would result in a particularly simple arrangement. In such a case, gas evaporating from the container could be removed as a gaseous oxygen product and heated in the main heat exchanger, whereas an undevaporated portion from the cold part of the air separation plant could be carried out in liquid form without heating as a liquid oxygen product.
- the present invention has particular advantages when used with an arrangement in which a corresponding condenser evaporator is coupled to a further mass transfer column, as explained in detail below.
- a liquid having an inlet oxygen content of 15% to 45%, in particular 20% to 40% is evaporated in the condenser evaporator, as it originates in particular from a corresponding mass transfer column and is obtained there as a bottom liquid.
- the condenser evaporator used according to the invention can in particular be designed as a forced flow condenser evaporator, in particular with a once-through configuration as explained above. In the method according to the invention, the
- the condenser evaporator can thus be designed such that the liquid specified therein is pressed by its own pressure through an evaporation chamber and partially evaporated there, a portion not evaporated during the partial evaporation being prevented from flowing through the evaporation chamber again.
- the portion of the compressed and cooled air which is fed into the distillation column system without being passed through the condenser evaporator is at least partly fed into the high-pressure column as gaseous compressed air at a first feed position, and at a second Feed-in position, which is 1 to 10 theoretical floors above the first feed-in position, the return quantity is advantageously fed in.
- the recycle quantity has a higher nitrogen content than atmospheric air and therefore the
- Feed in at the second feed position is particularly favorable.
- Bottom liquid if necessary after hypothermia but without measures influencing its composition, are fed into the low-pressure column at a first point.
- the air liquefied or partially liquefied in the condenser evaporator can be fed into the low-pressure column at a second point.
- the second point is arranged above the first point, in particular at the top of the low pressure column.
- the portion of the compressed and cooled air which is passed through the condenser evaporator is at least partially liquefied in this and into the distillation column system
- a first portion of the impure nitrogen stream in the form of the recycle quantity can be successively heated, compressed to the pressure in the first pressure range, cooled and fed into the high-pressure column; however, a further portion of the impure nitrogen stream can be partially heated in succession, expanded in a expansion turbine, reheated and discharged from the air separation plant.
- oxygen-rich gas can also be removed from a lower region of the low-pressure column and combined with the further portion of the impure nitrogen before it is partially heated. In this way too, cold can be generated, in particular when appropriate oxygen is not required.
- feed air supplied to the distillation column system and the recycle amount of the impure nitrogen can in particular
- air separation plants can be used for their production and
- Mixing column air fed and subjected to a mass transfer.
- On the head of the Mixing column can be removed in this way so-called "impure” oxygen and removed as a gas product from the air separation plant.
- a liquid separating out in the bottom of the mixing column can be fed into the distillation column system used at a point which is suitable in terms of energy and / or separation technology.
- a mass transfer column into which a feed stream is fed instead of another feed stream.
- This can be, in particular, an oxygen-enriched liquid from the high-pressure column, in particular its bottom liquid.
- Oxygenated liquid is especially liquid in the
- the mass transfer column is fed in and mixes with the liquid flowing down in the mass transfer column in the sump.
- the mixed liquid formed is evaporated by means of the condenser evaporator as explained below and the vapor formed rises in the mass transfer column.
- the gas phase in a corresponding mass transfer column is therefore not formed by compressed air as in conventional mixing columns, but in this alternative way.
- High pressure column removed and carried out from the air separation plant influence the rectification in a corresponding manner.
- the amount of in the Low-pressure column fed air plus the nitrogen taken from the high-pressure column and discharged from the air separation unit can be stated in relation to the total air supplied to the distillation column system. The value obtained is the "blowing equivalent".
- blow-in equivalent is thus defined as the amount of compressed air compressed and expanded by means of a blow-in turbine into the low-pressure column of an air separation plant, plus the amount of nitrogen that may have been taken from the high-pressure column and neither as a liquid return to the high-pressure column itself
- the nitrogen that is removed from the high pressure column can be pure or in
- Substantially pure nitrogen from the top of the high pressure column i.e. the above-mentioned first top gas, but also a nitrogen-enriched gas which comes from a region below the top with a lower nitrogen content
- High pressure column can be removed.
- a blowing-in turbine is used in a corresponding air separation plant and a quantity M1 of compressed air is expanded in it, a quantity M2 nitrogen is removed from the high-pressure column and removed as a liquid and / or gaseous nitrogen product from the air separation plant, i.e. not used as a return to the high and / or low pressure column, and a lot of M3 the compressed air
- M1 can also be zero.
- Cryogenic decomposition of air is particularly the fact that the air flow fed into the mixing column is not optimal at the
- Rectification process takes part in the double column.
- the oxygen present in this air flow goes completely up and down Low pressure column over. This oxygen is discharged from the air separation unit in the form of the top product of the mixing column.
- the nitrogen contained in the air flow to the mixing column remains (after the exchange process in the mixing column) almost completely in the bottom liquid of the mixing column.
- Bottom liquid typically has an oxygen content of approximately 65% and in the known processes is used at a level corresponding to this oxygen content
- this feed point is located in a comparatively low area of the low-pressure column, i.e. at a point where the oxygen content is still comparatively high.
- the rectification or separation section located below the feed point can already be used as
- Oxygen section must be considered, since no further feed into the low-pressure column takes place below the feed point for the bottom product of the mixing column. Therefore, the nitrogen from the air flow to the mixing column (which gets into the low-pressure column in the form of the bottom liquid of the mixing column) must be separated from a very low point of view. However, this separation is extremely complex under given conditions and requires a relatively large power on the main capacitor. Therefore, the injection quantity into the
- Mass transfer column is that the feed air completely into the
- Distillation column system passed and pre-separated there accordingly.
- the air flow fed into the mixing column does not optimally participate in the rectification process in the double column in conventional processes, and in particular the oxygen present in this air flow completely bypasses the high and low pressure column. However, he does this as part of the operation of the mass transfer column described above. In this way it is possible to greatly improve the rectification conditions or to reduce the effort required for rectification. So, among other things, no oxygen molecules, as in conventional processes, pass the rectification columns (all the oxygen is treated in them by separation technology) and there is no excess and more effort to separate nitrogen in the low-pressure column. The performance of the main condenser can be greatly reduced in this way or a significant increase in the blowing equivalent with the associated energy savings is possible in a corresponding system.
- air fed into the distillation column system is partly passed through the condenser evaporator, air fractions being fed into the distillation column system even without being guided through the condenser evaporator, as already mentioned.
- the operation of the condenser evaporator in connection with a mass transfer column is carried out according to the invention in particular in such a way that a mixed liquid is partially evaporated in the condenser evaporator, the mixed liquid being formed using bottom liquid which is carried out from a mass transfer column in which a portion of the first bottom liquid in one first feed position and a portion of the second sump liquid are fed in at a second feed position above the first feed position.
- the portion of the first bottom liquid which is fed into the mass transfer column at the first feed position is fed into the mass transfer column unheated.
- An "unheated" feed is understood to mean that the portion is not subjected to any specific temperature-increasing measures. This applies at least to the case considered here when the operating pressure of the mass transfer column is below the operating pressure of the high pressure column. Undercooling the portion of the first bottom liquid can also be advantageous in certain cases.
- Mass transfer column is fed, however, according to the explained
- Embodiment of the invention heated in the main heat exchanger before being fed into the mass transfer column.
- this share is the
- the mixed liquid represents the liquid already mentioned, which in the
- Condenser evaporator is evaporated.
- the portion of the mixed liquid which is not evaporated in the condenser evaporator is, as mentioned, in particular partially or preferably completely fed into the low-pressure column in the context of the present invention.
- liquid can also be removed from the explained mass transfer column at a removal position between the first and the second feed position and partially or completely fed into the low-pressure column. The same also applies to a further portion of the first sump liquid that is direct, i.e. without the
- Mass transfer column to be fed is fed into the low pressure column.
- a heat exchanger in the form of a so-called supercooling counterflow is used, in which a partial amount or the total amount of the portion of the second
- Low pressure column is cooled.
- portions of the material flows mentioned can also be used accordingly, ie cooled or heated.
- the material flows mentioned can be supplied or removed from a corresponding heat exchanger at a position which corresponds to their respective temperature.
- overhead gas is removed from the mass transfer column, heated and removed from the
- Air separation plant is diverted. This head gas has a lower one
- High pressure column can be designed as a product in the manner explained.
- an air separation plant according to an embodiment not according to the invention could also be operated without a mass transfer column in the manner explained above.
- the second bottom liquid or a part thereof, i.e. Bottom liquid from the high pressure column is partially evaporated in unchanged composition, with evaporated and non-evaporated portions thereof being partially or completely exported from the air separation plant as oxygen products.
- the present invention also extends to an air separation plant. For features and advantages of such an air separation plant, see the
- Figure 1 shows an air separation plant according to an embodiment of the invention in a simplified, schematic representation.
- Figure 2 shows an air separation plant according to an embodiment of the invention in a simplified, schematic representation.
- Figure 3 shows an air separation plant according to the invention in a simplified, schematic representation.
- FIG. 1 An air separation plant according to an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 in the form of a schematic process flow diagram and is designated overall by 100.
- feed air A is passed through a filter 1 by means of a
- Main air compressor 2 is sucked in. After pre-cooling in heat exchangers not specifically designated and a direct contact cooler, the correspondingly compressed air is fed to an adsorber station 3 and freed from undesired components such as water and carbon dioxide. The air is then in the form of a
- Feed air flow a is fed to a main heat exchanger 4 of the air separation plant 100 and is removed at the cold end.
- the feed air flow initially still designated a, is then divided into two partial flows b and c.
- the partial stream b is at least liquefied or partially liquefied in a condenser evaporator 5 and, further denoted by b, passed through a subcooling countercurrent 6 and then into the low-pressure column 12
- Bottom liquid is withdrawn from the high pressure column 1 1 and divided into two partial streams d and e.
- the partial stream d is in a first feed position
- Mass transfer column 7 fed.
- the partial flow e is through the
- the first overhead gas is removed from the high-pressure column and partially or completely liquefied to a first extent in the form of a partial stream f in a main condenser 13, which connects the high-pressure column 11 and the low-pressure column 12 in a heat-exchanging manner. Again a part of it (see link X) can be used as
- Liquid nitrogen product HPLIN
- HPLIN Liquid nitrogen product
- a portion of the first top gas which is not led through the main condenser 13 can be heated in the form of a material flow g in the main heat exchanger 4 and can be provided as, for example, pressure nitrogen product (PGAN) or sealing gas (SG)
- the first sump liquid is at least partly carried out in the form of a material flow h from the sump of the low-pressure column 12 by means of a pump, not designated separately, and partly as
- Liquid nitrogen product provided in the form of a stream i Another portion, illustrated here in the form of a material flow k, is represented by the
- Subcooling counterflow 6 performed, partially heated in the main heat exchanger 4 and fed into the mass transfer column 7 at a second feed position.
- a non-evaporated portion of the mixed liquid can flow in the form of a stream I through the
- the mass transfer column 7 becomes a removal position between the first feed position (material flow d) and the second
- Top gas from the top of the mass transfer column 7 can be passed through the main heat exchanger 4 in the form of a stream n and provided as a gaseous nitrogen pressure product (GOX).
- GOX gaseous nitrogen pressure product
- second top gas as impure nitrogen in the form of a material stream o is drawn off from the top of the low-pressure column 12, passed through the supercooling counterflow 6, then heated in the main heat exchanger 4, compressed by means of a compressor 8, by means of a cooled aftercooler not specifically designated, further cooled in the main heat exchanger 4 and, now designated p, in the
- Material flow o here designated q, ie a further portion of the impure nitrogen is branched off from the material flow o and, like a conventional one
- Generator turbine 9 relaxed, further heated in the main heat exchanger 4 and used in a suitable manner, for example as a regeneration gas in the adsorber station 3. In this way, cold can be generated.
- FIG. 2 An air separation plant according to a further embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 2 and is designated overall by 200. While the air separation plant 100 according to FIG. 1 is particularly suitable for a full
- the embodiment 200 according to FIG. 2 is particularly advantageous if a lower oxygen production is desired.
- the air separation plant 200 according to FIG. 2 differs from that
- Air separation plant 100 essentially by withdrawing an oxygen-rich gas from the high-pressure column in the form of a material flow r, passing it through the supercooling counterflow 6, and combining it with the material flow q explained in FIG.
- FIG. 1 An air separation plant not according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. The configuration illustrated here is intended as
- the second bottom liquid in the form of the stream h is fed directly into a container 20, a so-called secondary condenser, in which a condenser evaporator, designated here as 5a, is arranged.
- the first bottoms liquid is not fed in.
- the second bottom liquid is fed in, in particular, with unchanged composition.
- An evaporated portion of the second bottoms liquid fed in is carried out in the form of a stream s, unevaporated portions in the form of a stream t.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18020545 | 2018-10-23 | ||
| PCT/EP2019/025355 WO2020083527A1 (de) | 2018-10-23 | 2019-10-22 | Verfahren und anlage zur tieftemperaturezerlegung von luft |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3870917A1 true EP3870917A1 (de) | 2021-09-01 |
| EP3870917B1 EP3870917B1 (de) | 2024-03-27 |
| EP3870917C0 EP3870917C0 (de) | 2024-03-27 |
Family
ID=63965046
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19797567.5A Active EP3870917B1 (de) | 2018-10-23 | 2019-10-22 | Verfahren und anlage zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3870917B1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20210077687A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN112805524B (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020083527A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4652422A1 (de) * | 2023-01-17 | 2025-11-26 | Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. | Verfahren und vorrichtung für intermittierenden verflüssigungsbetrieb zur unterstützung von kontinuierlicher luftzerlegungsverarbeitung |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE821654C (de) * | 1950-10-07 | 1951-11-19 | Adolf Messer G M B H | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Rein-Argon |
| FR2731781B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-15 | 1997-05-23 | Air Liquide | Procede et appareil de vaporisation d'un debit liquide |
| DE19803437A1 (de) * | 1998-01-29 | 1999-03-18 | Linde Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung eines Druckprodukts durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| DE10013075A1 (de) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-20 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von gasförmigem und flüssigem Stickstoff mit variablem Anteil des Flüssigprodukts |
| DE10027139A1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-06 | Linde Ag | Mehrstöckiger Badkondensator |
| FR2831251A1 (fr) * | 2002-02-25 | 2003-04-25 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation de production d'azote et d'oxygene |
| EP1750074A1 (de) * | 2005-08-02 | 2007-02-07 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| EP2551619A1 (de) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-01-30 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Druckstickstoff und Drucksauerstoff durch Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft |
| EP2789958A1 (de) | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-15 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Tieftemperaturzerlegung von Luft und Luftzerlegungsanlage |
| US9797654B2 (en) * | 2013-07-11 | 2017-10-24 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for oxygen production by low-temperature separation of air at variable energy consumption |
| EP3179186A1 (de) | 2015-12-07 | 2017-06-14 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur gewinnung eines flüssigen und eines gasförmigen, sauerstoffreichen luftprodukts in einer luftzerlegungsanlage und luftzerlegungsanlage |
| CN106123489A (zh) | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 苏州制氧机股份有限公司 | 一种混合塔制氧方法 |
| EP3343159A1 (de) * | 2016-12-28 | 2018-07-04 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von gasförmigem sauerstoff und gasförmigem druckstickstoff |
-
2019
- 2019-10-22 EP EP19797567.5A patent/EP3870917B1/de active Active
- 2019-10-22 WO PCT/EP2019/025355 patent/WO2020083527A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-10-22 KR KR1020217011316A patent/KR20210077687A/ko active Pending
- 2019-10-22 CN CN201980066047.9A patent/CN112805524B/zh active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2020083527A1 (de) | 2020-04-30 |
| EP3870917B1 (de) | 2024-03-27 |
| CN112805524A (zh) | 2021-05-14 |
| CN112805524B (zh) | 2022-12-06 |
| EP3870917C0 (de) | 2024-03-27 |
| KR20210077687A (ko) | 2021-06-25 |
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