EP3869142B1 - Firearm - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a firearm according to the preamble of claim 1. Firearms, for example hunting rifles, often have a device for striking a firing pin, which acts on a primer of a bullet cartridge and thereby triggers a shot. Handling unlocked and cocked firearms carries the latent risk of the firing pin being struck unintentionally. A user must therefore carefully and attentively follow rules regarding the use of firearms. Devices are known with which firearms can be decocked and secured in order to store or park them safely.

DE 100 46 044 A1 and DE 10 2009 012771 B3 describe a firearm safety mechanism with the features in the preamble of present claim 1. Other conventional safety mechanisms are in DE 20 2018 000 379 U1 , DE 20 2007 004 747 U1 , DE 297 15 238 U1 , DE 10 2012 107 194 B3 , DE 1 940 346 A1 , DE 29 16 795 A1 , DE 94 12 453 U1 and DE 31 20 904 A1 disclosed.

It is the object of the present invention to create an alternative firearm that is preferably mechanically simple but particularly reliable in preventing the accidental firing of a shot, preferably without the firearm having to be decocked and secured.

This task is solved by a firearm according to the teaching of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the subclaims and the following description.

A firearm is proposed which has a barrel and a trigger group, which includes a trigger, a firing pin and a pivotally mounted hammer that can be tensioned with a tension spring. The firearm according to the invention is characterized by a safety unit with a control element, the safety unit being designed to transfer the trigger group into an active state by manually operating the control element, in which the cocked hammer can be triggered to strike the firing pin by operating the trigger, and by releasing the control element to transfer the trigger group to a deactivated state in which the hammer does not touch the firing pin when the trigger is pulled.

The firearm can in particular be a hunting rifle with a fixed or tilting barrel. However, the invention is not limited to this and any firearms can be designed according to the invention that have a trigger and a cockable hammer.

The trigger group can be understood as a group of components that work together to trigger a targeted shot. It includes the trigger, the firing pin and the cockable hammer along with the tension spring. The firearm is unlocked for a shot by cocking the hammer using the tension spring, with the hammer being locked in a cocked position by the trigger when it is in a neutral position. When you pull the trigger, the hammer is no longer locked and is struck towards the firing pin by the force of the tension spring. This can then act on a primer cap of a bullet cartridge to fire a shot. The detailed design of the individual components of the trigger group can depend, for example, on the size and type of firearm. The tension spring is preferably a compression spring and particularly preferably a helical spring.

According to the invention, the trigger group can be converted into an active and a deactivated state by the security unit. In the active state, the firing pin strikes as described above. In the deactivated state, however, the hammer is prevented from touching the firing pin. This can prevent accidental firing of a shot. It is always necessary to operate a control element of the safety unit in order to allow the trigger group to fire a shot. Handling the firearm can thus be simplified.

For this purpose, the security unit has the control element, which is directly or indirectly coupled to one or more components of the trigger group. It is designed in such a way that releasing the control element always results in the trigger group being automatically switched to the deactivated state and the hammer is prevented from touching the firing pin. The security unit can be implemented in several different ways. It It is conceivable to couple the control element with the hammer or the tension spring in such a way that the distance between the firing pin and the hammer becomes too large for triggering, the hammer is additionally secured or that the tension spring cannot be sufficiently tensioned. It is therefore impossible to fire a shot if the user does not point the firearm to activate the control element. The safety of the firearm is significantly improved and the probability of firing an unwanted shot is significantly reduced.

In an advantageous embodiment, the security unit can be designed as a mechanically acting security unit. The mechanical safety unit can be based solely on the mechanical coupling of movable elements that are connected to the hammer or the tension spring. By activating the control element, depending on the design of the safety unit, a force introduced into the control element is converted directly into a movement of one or more components of the trigger group or an additional element that interacts with one or more components of the trigger group

The safety unit can also be designed to tension the striker by actuating the control element using the tension spring and to relax the striker at least largely, preferably completely, by releasing the control element. The tension spring is therefore directly or indirectly coupled to the control element, so that by activating the control element one end of the tension spring is moved and thereby the length and, as a result, the tension of the tension spring is directly influenced. The control element and the tension spring can be adapted to one another in such a way that when the control element is released, the tension spring is able to relax largely or completely and practically no force acts on the hammer. The end of the tension spring facing away from the striking piece should therefore be able to receive sufficient space to relax completely.

Furthermore, the operating element comprises a tension lever which is coupled to a first end of the tension spring, wherein the striking piece is coupled to a second end of the tension spring. The cocking lever is in particular pivotably mounted on the firearm and can move the first end of the tension spring when it is actuated. By choosing the geometric dimensions of the Clamping lever can be used to adapt the leverage between the clamping lever and the clamping spring and generally the design of the clamping spring to one another as desired.

The cocking lever could be arranged on a side facing away from the barrel of a trigger guard surrounding the trigger and could be pulled by a finger of a user's hand in a direction away from the barrel to tension the tension spring. The user can therefore operate the control element very intuitively and conveniently and trigger this quickly. It makes ergonomic sense that the cocking lever and the trigger are arranged relative to one another in such a way that they can be easily operated with two fingers of the user's hand at the same time.

The tensioning lever could be movable into a neutral position and a tensioning position, with a first connecting line between a pivot point of the tensioning lever and the first end of the tensioning spring enclosing an acute angle to a second connecting line which runs between the first end and the second end of the tensioning spring, wherein the angle is always greater than 0°. The term “always” is to be understood to mean that in every state of movement of the tensioning lever and the tensioning spring, the angle always remains greater than 0°. This prevents the tension spring from moving the tension lever past a dead center, which would prevent it from automatically moving to the neutral position. Due to the always remaining angle, the deactivated state of the trigger group is reliably achieved as soon as the cocking lever is released.

For this reason, it is also advantageous if the first end of the tension spring is always located behind an axis of rotation of the tension lever in a direction parallel to the barrel.

The hammer preferably has a catch into which a trigger rod of the trigger can releasably engage in the cocked state in order to release the catch and thus the hammer by actuating the trigger, a pivot point of the hammer being arranged between the catch and the second end of the tension spring . The catch can, for example, have a recess or a cutout and enable releasable engagement with the trigger bar. The hammer can be easily set in motion using the combination of the trigger bar and the catch. Locating the pivot point of the hammer between the catch and The second end of the tension spring allows the desired movement of the hammer. The first end of the tension spring can then be located behind the axis of rotation of the hammer or the second end of the tension spring, in particular in a direction parallel to the barrel.

The trigger bar could be rigidly connected to a trigger blade. This results in a direct coupling of the movement of the trigger blade with the trigger rod. The entire trigger could therefore be made in one piece and extend from the trigger blade via a pivot bearing to the trigger rod.

Furthermore, the trigger rod and the tension spring could run largely parallel to one another and form an angle of at most 15° to one another. Both the movement of the hammer and the resulting arrangement of the control element can be optimized. The cocking lever can then be positioned very close to the trigger blade and this supports operation with two fingers of the user's hand.

The safety unit could further comprise a drive device which, when the control element is actuated, transfers the trigger group to the activated state. The drive device is an active device and, as mentioned above, can act on a component of the trigger group to bring it into the activated state or the deactivated state. It is conceivable that the drive device is coupled to the tension spring and selectively tensions it to reach the active state or relaxes it to reach the deactivated state.

In general, the control element could be movable against the restoring force of a control element reset device along an operating path, with the restoring force decreasing as the operating path increases, starting from an initial position. This can prevent accidental actuation of the control element.

As explained above, it is particularly preferred if the control element and the trigger are arranged relative to one another in such a way that they can be actuated simultaneously by two fingers of a user's hand.

Fig. 1

Ein Detailschnitt einer Schusswaffe in einem entspannten und geöffneten Zustand.

Fig. 2

Ein Detailschnitt einer Schusswaffe in einem entspannten und geschlossenen Zustand.

Fig. 3

Ein Detailschnitt einer Schusswaffe in einem gespannten Zustand.

Fig. 4

Ein Detailschnitt einer Schusswaffe nach einem ausgelösten Schuss.

Fig. 5

Eine schematische Darstellung der Abzugsgruppe mit Sicherungseinheit in einem entspannten Zustand.

Fig. 6

Eine schematische Darstellung der Abzugsgruppe mit Sicherungseinheit in einem gespannten Zustand.

Fig. 7

Eine schematische Darstellung der Abzugsgruppe mit Sicherungseinheit nach einem ausgelösten Schuss.

Further features, details and advantages of the invention emerge from the wording of the claims and from the following description of exemplary embodiments based on the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1

A detailed cut of a firearm in a cocked and open state.

Fig. 2

A detailed cut of a firearm in a relaxed and closed state.

Fig. 3

A detailed section of a firearm in a cocked state.

Fig. 4

A detailed cut of a firearm after a shot has been fired.

Fig. 5

A schematic representation of the trigger group with safety unit in a relaxed state.

Fig. 6

A schematic representation of the trigger group with safety unit in a cocked state.

Fig. 7

A schematic representation of the trigger group with safety unit after a fired shot.

Fig. 1 shows a detailed section of a firearm 2 with a barrel 4 and a locking head 6 belonging to a closure. The illustration shows the weapon 2 in an open and relaxed state in which it can be loaded. For example, it could be a hunting rifle.

The firearm 2 has a trigger group 8 that can be actuated by a user to fire a shot. The trigger group 8 has a trigger 10 with a trigger blade 12 and a trigger rod 14, a firing pin 32, a tension spring 20 and a hammer 26. The trigger 10 is pivotally mounted about a trigger pivot axis 13, which is located between the trigger blade 12 and the trigger rod 14. An outer end of the trigger rod 14 facing away from the trigger blade 12 is shown in the illustration Fig. 1 in a catch 28 of the striking piece 26 in order to lock it in its position. The striking piece 26 can meanwhile, be pivoted about a pivot point 30 in order to strike the firing pin 32. For this purpose, the striker 26 is coupled to a tension spring 20, which exerts a spring force on the striker 26. By actuating the trigger blade 12, the trigger rod 14 is tilted about the pivot axis 13, so that an outer end of the trigger rod 14 can be brought out of engagement with a catch 28 in the hammer 26. If the striking piece 26 is tensioned by the tension spring 20, it strikes the firing pin 32.

In order to prevent a shot from being fired unintentionally, the firearm 2 is equipped with a safety unit 40. This has an additional clamping lever 16 as an operating unit, which is pivotally mounted about a clamping lever axis 18. The cocking lever 16 has a cocking lever tongue 17, which can be actuated by a user with a finger by pulling against the direction of the barrel 4. As a result, the tensioning lever 16 is pivoted around the tensioning lever axis 18. The tension spring 20 is coupled with a first end 22 to an end of the tension lever 16 facing away from the tension lever tongue 17. By actuating the tension lever 16, the tension spring 20 is compressed and can therefore build up a spring force acting on the striking piece 26. This can be used to strike the hammer 26 when the trigger 10 is actuated. The tensioning lever 16 and the tensioning spring 20 are adapted to one another in such a way that when the tensioning lever 16 is released, the tensioning spring 20 is largely and preferably completely relaxed, so that when the trigger 10 is actuated, the hammer 26 is in its in Fig. 2 position shown remains. A shot will then not be fired. To fire a shot, the user must therefore press and hold the cocking lever 16 until the trigger 10 is pulled. The safety unit 40 thereby functions as a dead man's safety device.

In this illustration, the tension spring 20 and the tension lever 16 are arranged relative to one another in such a way that the tension spring 20 can always pivot the tension lever 16 back into a neutral position. In this, the tension spring 20 relaxes at least largely and preferably completely. In order to clarify this using the exemplary embodiment shown, in the Fig. 1 to 4 two connecting lines 34 and 36 are shown. A first connecting line 34 runs through the tensioning lever axis 18 and the first end of the tension spring 20. The second connecting line 36 runs through both the first end 22 and the second end 24 of the tension spring 20. The two connecting lines 34 and 36 intersect include an acute angle α, which is always greater than 0°, ie in all positions of the tension spring 20 and the tension lever 16. This can prevent a dead center being exceeded by moving the tensioning lever 16, in which the tensioning spring 20 leads to the tensioning lever 16 pivoting backwards, i.e. against the direction of travel. However, by maintaining the angle α > 0°, the tensioning lever 16 is always pushed forward, i.e. in the running direction. The first end 22 of the tension spring 20 is always in a direction parallel to the barrel 4 behind the tension lever axis 18 of the tension lever 16.

Fig. 2 shows the firearm 2 in the same relaxed state, but closed, with the locking head 6 connected to the barrel 4. The tension spring 20 is at least largely relaxed due to the non-actuated tension lever 16. The trigger group 8 is therefore in a deactivated state and activating the trigger 10 does not result in a shot being fired. Here too, the angle α is significantly larger than 0°. The tensioning lever 16 is therefore held in its neutral position.

Fig. 3 shows the firearm 2 in a cocked state in which the cocking lever 16 is actuated by a user. The tension spring 20 is thereby pushed towards the striking piece 26, so that its length is shortened. The striking piece 26 is subjected to a spring force and can strike the firing pin 32 by pressing the trigger 10. In this illustration it is only held in position by the trigger rod 14. The angle α is quite small here, but still greater than 0°, so that when the tensioning lever 16 is released, it is pivoted forward again in the direction of the barrel 4.

In Fig. 4 The firearm 2 is shown after a shot has been fired. The striking piece 26 rests on the firing pin 32. The angle α here is also greater than 0° and also leads to the tensioning lever 16 pivoting forward in this position.

Fig. 5 shows the position of the individual components in an isolated schematic representation of the trigger group 8 and the security unit 40 Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 . The tension spring 20 is largely relaxed here and activating the trigger 10 does not cause the hammer 26 to strike.

In Fig. 6 the tensioning lever 16 is tensioned, so that the tension spring 20 is compressed. Consequently, by activating the trigger 10, the hammer 26 can strike the firing pin 32.

Fig. 7 shows the trigger group 8, in which the hammer 26 is struck on the firing pin 32. The tensioning lever 16 has not yet been released. When you let go, it is pushed forward again in the direction of the barrel or the trigger 10.

The invention is not limited to one of the previously described embodiments, but can be modified in many ways.

In summary, the invention relates to a firearm 2 which has a barrel 4 and a trigger group 8, which includes a trigger 10, a firing pin 32 and a pivotally mounted hammer 26 which can be tensioned with a tension spring 20. The firearm 2 according to the invention is characterized by a safety unit with a control element 16, the safety unit being designed to transfer the trigger group 8 into an active state by manually operating the control element 16, in which the cocked hammer 26 is triggered to strike by operating the trigger 10 of the firing pin 32 can be triggered, and by simply releasing the control element 16, the trigger group 8 is always automatically transferred to a deactivated state, in which the striking piece 26 does not touch the firing pin 32 when the trigger 10 is actuated.

All features and advantages arising from the claims, the description and the drawing, including constructive details, spatial arrangements and process steps, can be essential to the invention both individually and in a wide variety of combinations.

Reference symbol list

2

Firearm

4

Run

6

Locking head

8th

trigger group

10

Deduction

12

trigger blade

13

Trigger pivot axis

14

trigger bar

16

Clamping lever/control element

17

Tension lever tongue

18

Clamping lever axis

20

tension spring

22

first end of the tension spring

24

second ending

26

percussion piece

28

Rest

30

Pivot point

32

firing pin

34

first connecting line

36

second connecting line

38

Trigger guard

40

Backup unit

α

acute angle between the first and second connecting lines

Claims (10)

1. A firearm (2), comprising:

   a barrel (4),

   a trigger assembly (8) comprising a trigger (10), a firing pin (32) and a hammer (26) pivotally mounted and tensionable by a tensioning spring (20), and

   a safety unit (40) with an operating element (16), the safety unit (40) being adapted to transfer the trigger assembly (8) into an active state by manual actuation of the operating element (16), in which active state the cocked hammer (26) can be released by actuating the trigger (10) in order to strike the firing pin (32),

   wherein the safety unit (40) is adapted to cock the hammer (26) by actuating the operating element (16) by means of the tensioning spring (20) and to relax the hammer (26) at least to a large extent, preferably completely, by releasing the operating element (16), preferably completely, by releasing the operating element (16), in order to always automatically transfer the trigger assembly (8) to a deactivated state by releasing the operating element (16), in which state the firing pin (32) is not contacted when operating the trigger (10),

   characterised in that

   the operating element (16) comprises a cocking lever with a cocking lever blade (17) which can be operated by a user with a finger by pulling in the direction opposite to the firing direction of the barrel (4), and

   the operating element (16) and the trigger (10) are arranged in relation to each other in such a way that the cocking lever and the trigger (10) can be operated simultaneously by two fingers of the user's hand.
2. The firearm (2) according to claim 1, characterised in that the cocking lever (16) is coupled to a first end (22) of the tensioning spring (20) and the hammer (26) is coupled to a second end (24) of the tensioning spring (20).
3. The firearm (2) according to claim 2, characterised in that the cocking lever (16) is arranged on a side of a trigger guard (38) surrounding the trigger (10) facing away from the barrel (4) and can be pulled by a finger of the hand of a user in a direction facing away from the barrel (4) for biasing the tensioning spring (20).
4. The firearm (2) according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the cocking lever (16) is movable into a neutral position and a cocked position, wherein a first connecting line (34) between a pivot point (18) of the cocking lever (16) and the first end (22) of the tensioning spring (20) encloses an acute angle (α) to a second connecting line (36) extending between the first end (22) and the second end (24) of the tensioning spring (20), wherein the angle (α) is always greater than 0°.
5. The firearm (2) according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the first end (22) of the tensioning spring (20) is always located in a direction parallel to the barrel (4) behind an axis of rotation (18) of the cocking lever (16).
6. The firearm (2) according to any of claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the hammer (26) has a rest (28) into which a trigger rod (14) of the trigger (10) can releasably engage in the cocked state in order to release the rest (28) and thus the hammer (26) by actuating the trigger (10), wherein a pivot point (30) of the hammer (26) is arranged between the rest (28) and the second end (24) of the tensioning spring (20) .
7. The firearm (2) according to claim 6, characterised in that the trigger rod (14) is rigidly connected to the trigger blade (12).
8. The firearm (2) according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the trigger rod (14) and the tensioning spring (20) extend substantially parallel to each other and form an angle of at most 15° to each other.
9. The firearm (2) according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the safety unit (40) comprises a driving means which, when the operating element (16) is actuated, transfers the trigger assembly (8) into the activated state.
10. The firearm (2) according to any preceding claim, characterised in that the operating element (16) is movable against the restoring force of an operating element restoring device, along a control path, the restoring force decreasing along the control path, starting from an initial position.

Images