EP3868014A1 - Procédé de réglage d'un convertisseur et système convertisseur comprenant ledit convertisseur - Google Patents
Procédé de réglage d'un convertisseur et système convertisseur comprenant ledit convertisseurInfo
- Publication number
- EP3868014A1 EP3868014A1 EP18833634.1A EP18833634A EP3868014A1 EP 3868014 A1 EP3868014 A1 EP 3868014A1 EP 18833634 A EP18833634 A EP 18833634A EP 3868014 A1 EP3868014 A1 EP 3868014A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- converter
- temperature
- semiconductor
- power converter
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
- H02M7/4835—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels comprising two or more cells, each including a switchable capacitor, the capacitors having a nominal charge voltage which corresponds to a given fraction of the input voltage, and the capacitors being selectively connected in series to determine the instantaneous output voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
- H02M1/0025—Arrangements for modifying reference values, feedback values or error values in the control loop of a converter
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for regulating a power converter, in which a setpoint of a control parameter is limited by at least one limiting value.
- the converter In many energy transmission applications, for example in a high-voltage direct current transmission system (HVDC system), especially when using IGBT-based VSC technology (e.g. modular multi-stage converters), the converter is a thermally sensitive component. Even short-term overloads (in the ⁇ ls range) of semiconductors or semiconductor switches installed in them can result in destruction of the converter with high economic costs. At the same time, high demands are placed on the converter with regard to its short-term overload capability. This generally leads to a costly oversized converter design.
- HVDC system high-voltage direct current transmission system
- IGBT-based VSC technology e.g. modular multi-stage converters
- the converter is a thermally sensitive component. Even short-term overloads (in the ⁇ ls range) of semiconductors or semiconductor switches installed in them can result in destruction of the converter with high economic costs. At the same time, high demands are placed on the converter with regard to its short-term overload capability. This generally leads to a costly oversized converter design.
- the control of the converters is adapted in the known converter systems.
- the adaptation includes a limitation of the setpoint of one or more of the control parameters.
- the usually several setpoints for the converter control are usually specified by a higher-level control system. So far, the setpoint has been limited on the basis of permanently stored characteristic or limit values.
- the limit values are mostly derived from calculations of stationary operating points of the converter system.
- Limiting the control parameters is known, for example, from EP 3 392 994 A1.
- the regulation proposed there provides that the corresponding control characteristics are The nominal / maximum output power and the minimum / maximum permanently permissible voltage of the converter are limited in order to prevent damage to the converter.
- the object of the invention is to propose a method mentioned at the outset which enables the most reliable regulation of the converter.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by a method according to the species, in which the at least one limit value is determined in a time-dynamic manner as a function of a converter temperature.
- the time-dynamic determination of the limit value means that the limit value can change over time.
- the limit value can be determined at predetermined time intervals.
- the converter temperature is understood as a present, actual or suitably determined, modeled or estimated temperature at a predetermined location of the converter or its immediate surroundings.
- the setpoints to be limited can be given, in particular, for one or more of the following variables of the converter: an AC-side reactive current Iq, an AC-side active current Ip, a DC-side current IDC, a circuit-internal circuit current
- An advantage of the method according to the invention is that due to the time-dynamic adaptation of the limiting value, taking into account the converter temperature, better utilization of the converter can be achieved.
- the dynamic performance of the converter can be increased without an increase in its overall costs.
- the method according to the invention allows the Converter in the event of brief overloads and at the same time avoids shutdowns through higher-level protective devices. In this way, particularly expensive transmission failures can be prevented.
- in stationary operation of the converter under suitable circumstances (eg at low outside temperatures and a higher power of a cooling system of the converter), increased transmission or reactive power is made possible.
- the converter temperature is a semiconductor temperature of a semiconductor switch of the converter.
- the semiconductor temperature is preferably a semiconductor junction temperature at a junction of the semiconductor.
- Several semiconductor temperatures or, in general, other converter temperatures can also be used and combined with one another to determine and determine the limit values.
- the semiconductor temperatures of several, preferably all, of the semiconductor switches used in the converter can be used or taken into account when determining the limit value or limits.
- the converter temperature can be formed, for example, as an average value, a median value or a maximum value of the semiconductor temperatures.
- the use of the semiconductor temperatures is advantageous because the semiconductor switches are the particularly relevant active components of the converter.
- the converter temperature is preferably determined on the basis of a temperature model of the semiconductor switch.
- the semiconductor temperature can be calculated using the temperature model.
- the determination can take over a suitable part of the control with sufficient computing power, whereby all necessary parameters are supplied to this part of the control.
- the temperature model or the module By means of which the temperature model is created or dynamically determined and executed, for example, can include one or more of the following input variables: one
- Branch current in a converter branch a degree of modulation of the converter branch, a voltage present at the converter branch, thermal parameters of the semiconductor switch.
- the temperature model it is possible to determine or at least estimate the semiconductor temperature using known measurement variables. A complex direct temperature measurement at high voltage potential is not required.
- the temperature model particularly preferably comprises a power model loss of the semiconductor switch.
- the temperature model also uses loss parameters of the semiconductor switch. In this way, the accuracy of the modeling of the semiconductor temperature can be increased because the thermal losses in the semiconductor are taken into account.
- the converter is a modular multi-stage converter and the converter temperature is obtained from one or more of the following measurement parameters: a branch current of a converter branch of the converter, an energy storage voltage of an energy store of a switching module of the converter, a switching state of the switching module. Additionally or alternatively, for example, an average capacitor voltage of all capacitors of a converter branch can also be used as measurement parameters for the temperature model.
- a modular multi-stage converter is a live converter which is characterized by a modular structure. In each converter branch, the multi-stage converter comprises a series connection of two-pole switching modules. Each switching module comprises several semiconductor switches and an energy store, usually in the form of a capacitor.
- the semiconductor switches can be controlled independently of one another, so that a switching module voltage is connected to the connections of the respective switching module. is adjustable. Examples of switching module topologies are the half-bridge and full-bridge switching modules known to the person skilled in the art.
- the method according to the invention is particularly advantageous for the operation of a modular multistage converter, because an oversizing in the design of the multistage converter can be avoided.
- the converter temperature is obtained using a temperature measurement on the converter.
- the temperature measurement can include, for example, a cooling temperature of a cooling medium of a cooling system for cooling the converter.
- a cooling water temperature of a cooling water for cooling the converter can be measured.
- the converter temperature can be measured directly by suitable measures, for example by a measuring device for measuring a semiconductor temperature at the semiconductor switch.
- the converter temperature can be determined particularly precisely by direct temperature measurement of the converter temperature or by using a temperature measurement when modeling the converter temperature.
- volume flow of the cooling medium is used to determine the limiting value.
- setpoints of several control parameters are used in converter control.
- the at least one limiting value is preferably defined as a function of target values of further control parameters. If several limit values are defined for several control parameters at the same time, this creates a multidimensional problem with mutually dependent variables, because the different control parameters may not be limited independently of one another. At the same time, despite the interdependencies, one or more degrees of freedom remain when determining the limit values.
- This Degrees of freedom can be used to select the individual limit values according to the requirements for the converter system or for energy transmission according to a priority. This selection process can also be referred to as prioritization. For example, in a dynamic overload case, reactive and active power of the converter system can be limited, for example, based on a current requirement profile.
- the invention further relates to a converter system with egg NEM converter and a control device for controlling the converter.
- Such a converter system is known, for example, from EP 3 392 994 Al, already mentioned above.
- the object of the invention is to propose a power converter system of the type which enables the most reliable possible operation.
- control device is set up to limit a setpoint value of a control parameter by at least one limiting value which is determined or can be determined dynamically as a function of a converter temperature.
- the converter is preferably a modular multistage converter. It is known that modular multistage converters are particularly complex, and their internal variables (such as the semiconductor temperature, for example) change over time largely independently of their external variables (current, voltage, reactive power). A static limitation of the External sizes can therefore not guarantee comprehensive protection against thermal overloading of the converter or its semiconductor. For this reason, the advantages of the solution according to the invention of the time-dynamic, temperature-dependent setpoint limitation are particularly apparent in connection with a modular multi-stage converter.
- Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a modular multi-stage converter in a schematic representation
- Figure 2 shows an example of a half-bridge switching module in a schematic representation
- Figure 3 shows an example of a full-bridge switching module in a schematic representation
- Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a crizungseinrich device for a converter system according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows an example of temperature modeling for a method according to the invention.
- a converter system 1 is shown in FIG.
- the converter system 1 comprises a modular multi-stage converter (MMC) 2, which in the example shown for converting an AC voltage of an AC voltage network 3, to which the MMC 2 is connected by means of a network transformer 4, into a DC voltage Udc.
- MMC modular multi-stage converter
- the MMC 2 comprises six converter branches 5-10, which are connected to one another in a double star circuit.
- Each of the similarly constructed converter branches 5-10 comprises two arm inductors 11, 12 and a series connection two-pole switching modules SM.
- all switching modules SM are constructed identically, but this is generally not necessary.
- the number of switching modules SM in each converter branch 5-10 is basically arbitrary and can be adapted to the respective application.
- the switching modules SM can be, for example, full-bridge switching modules or half-bridge switching modules, the structure of which is discussed in more detail in the following FIGS. 2 and 3.
- Each switching module SM comprises controllable semiconductor switches, e.g. IGBT or the like, an energy store and a control module by means of which the semiconductor switches can be controlled.
- the converter system 1 further comprises a central control device 13, which is set up to regulate the MMC 2 and to control the switching modules SM.
- the control device 13 receives specifications from a higher-level entity with regard to the required active power and reactive power, which the control unit converts into setpoints for some control parameters.
- the control parameters can be, for example, an AC voltage Uac, an AC current Iac, a DC side current Idc and / or a DC voltage Udc.
- a voltage between the positive DC voltage pole and the earth potential, Udc +, and a voltage between the negative DC voltage pole and the earth potential, Udc- are important.
- FIG 2 shows a first switching module SM1, which is suitable as a switching module SM for the converter of Figure 1, and which is connected in a half-bridge circuit.
- a parallel connection of a first semiconductor switch S1 and a capacitor C is arranged in a capacitor gate branch.
- a second semiconductor switch is arranged in a bridge branch between two connections XI, X2 of the first switching module SM1.
- the two semiconductor switches S1, S2 are each one Free-wheeling diode F connected in anti-parallel.
- a switching module voltage USM1 can be generated at the connections XI, X2, which corresponds to the capacitor voltage Uc, or else a zero voltage.
- FIG. 3 shows a second switching module SM2, which is suitable as a switching module SM for the converter of FIG. 1, and which is connected in a full-bridge circuit.
- the switching module SM comprises a first switchable semiconductor switch Hl, to which a first free-wheeling diode D1 is connected in anti-parallel, a second switchable semiconductor switch H2, to which a second free-wheeling diode D2 is connected in anti-parallel, the first and second semiconductor switches H1, H2 being connected to one another in a first semiconductor series connection are and have the same forward direction.
- the switching module SM2 further comprises a third switchable semiconductor switch H3, to which a third free-wheeling diode D3 is connected in anti-parallel, and a fourth switchable semiconductor switch H4, to which a fourth free-wheeling diode D4 is connected in anti-parallel, the third and fourth semiconductor switches H3, H4 in a second semiconductor series connection are interconnected and have the same forward direction.
- the two semiconductor series connections are parallel to each other and to an energy storage device C in the form of a capacitor, to which a capacitor voltage Uc is applied.
- the switching module SM2 further comprises a first connection terminal XI, which is arranged between the semiconductor switches Hl, H2 of the first semiconductor series circuit, and a second connection terminal X2, which is arranged between the semiconductor switches H3, H4 of the second semiconductor series circuit.
- a switching module voltage USM2 can be generated at the connections XI, X2, which corresponds to the capacitor voltage Uc, the negative capacitor voltage -Uc, or a zero voltage.
- FIG. 4 shows a control device 13 for the converter system of FIG. 1.
- the control device 13 comprises a conventional control component 14, which receives measured values M from the measuring devices of the converter 2 and transmits control signals S to the converter 2.
- control device 13 includes a module 15 for temperature modeling or temperature calculation.
- the module 15 receives the measured values M on the input side.
- the module 15 provides a set of limit values B on the output side, which is sent to a prioritization module 16 for determining the prioritization of the control parameters or their target values.
- the prioritization module 16 is connected on the input side to a control and protection technology 17, which derives from the measured values M setpoints target for the relevant control parameters and transmits them to the prioritization module.
- the prioritization module 16 determines which setpoints are limited in a prioritized manner. The setpoints together with the limit values are then transmitted to the control component 14.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of temperature modeling that can be carried out in a method according to the invention.
- a power loss model component VK receives, on the input side, a capacitor voltage Uc of a switching module, a modulation level of a converter branch in which the relevant switching module is arranged, a switching state a of a semiconductor of the switching module, the semiconductor temperature of which is to be determined or estimated, and one Current Iconv in the relevant converter branch.
- the power loss model component VK provides a power loss L and transmits this to a temperature model component TK, which additionally has a coolant temperature Tv as an input parameter.
- the temperature model component TK is determined on the basis of the input parameters Tv, L is a semiconductor temperature T (Tv, L).
- the semiconductor temperature T (Tv, L) is transmitted on the output side of the temperature model component TK for further processing to other control components.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2018/085832 WO2020125968A1 (fr) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Procédé de réglage d'un convertisseur et système convertisseur comprenant ledit convertisseur |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3868014A1 true EP3868014A1 (fr) | 2021-08-25 |
Family
ID=65019466
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18833634.1A Pending EP3868014A1 (fr) | 2018-12-19 | 2018-12-19 | Procédé de réglage d'un convertisseur et système convertisseur comprenant ledit convertisseur |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220077766A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3868014A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN113243077A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020125968A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4027506A1 (fr) | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-13 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Convertisseur et procédé de fonctionnement du convertisseur |
EP4057500A1 (fr) | 2021-03-12 | 2022-09-14 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Convertisseur, ainsi que son procédé de fonctionnement |
EP4064546A1 (fr) | 2021-03-24 | 2022-09-28 | Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG | Convertisseur et procédé de fonctionnement du convertisseur |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3695023B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-27 | 2005-09-14 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 電気自動車の過負荷防止装置 |
DE19824064A1 (de) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-09 | Semikron Elektronik Gmbh | Schaltungsanordnung mit kennfeldorientierter Überlastbewertung |
US7035064B2 (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 2006-04-25 | Semikron Elektronik Gmbh | Method and circuit arrangement with adaptive overload protection for power switching devices |
CA2671817C (fr) * | 2006-12-08 | 2016-09-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Controle d'un convertisseur modulaire dote de magasins d'energie distribues |
DE102008034532A1 (de) * | 2008-02-20 | 2009-08-27 | Repower Systems Ag | Windkraftanlage mit Umrichterregelung |
US8674651B2 (en) * | 2011-02-28 | 2014-03-18 | General Electric Company | System and methods for improving power handling of an electronic device |
WO2012124073A1 (fr) * | 2011-03-16 | 2012-09-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Dispositif de commande de protection contre une surchauffe d'onduleur et procédé de commande de protection contre une surchauffe d'onduleur |
DE102012202173B4 (de) * | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines mehrphasigen, modularen Multilevelstromrichters |
WO2015093623A1 (fr) * | 2013-12-19 | 2015-06-25 | Neturen Co., Ltd. | Appareil de conversion de courant et procédé de conversion de courant |
JP6620154B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-18 | 2019-12-11 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェKoninklijke Philips N.V. | ロードを駆動する電力装置及び方法 |
EP3491730B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-28 | 2020-09-02 | ABB Schweiz AG | Équilibrage thermique dans un convertisseur de puissance |
EP3392994B1 (fr) | 2017-04-19 | 2020-09-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé de régulation de flux de puissance dans un réseau de tension continue |
JP6922635B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-10 | 2021-08-18 | 株式会社デンソー | 電力変換装置 |
US10824180B2 (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2020-11-03 | Abb Power Electronics Inc. | Systems and methods for improving current sharing between paralleled DC-to-DC power converters based on temperature coefficient |
-
2018
- 2018-12-19 CN CN201880100291.8A patent/CN113243077A/zh active Pending
- 2018-12-19 EP EP18833634.1A patent/EP3868014A1/fr active Pending
- 2018-12-19 WO PCT/EP2018/085832 patent/WO2020125968A1/fr unknown
- 2018-12-19 US US17/416,615 patent/US20220077766A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2020125968A1 (fr) | 2020-06-25 |
US20220077766A1 (en) | 2022-03-10 |
CN113243077A (zh) | 2021-08-10 |
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