EP3866960A1 - Émulsion et émulsion multiple de pickering avec des particules de bois - Google Patents
Émulsion et émulsion multiple de pickering avec des particules de boisInfo
- Publication number
- EP3866960A1 EP3866960A1 EP19806021.2A EP19806021A EP3866960A1 EP 3866960 A1 EP3866960 A1 EP 3866960A1 EP 19806021 A EP19806021 A EP 19806021A EP 3866960 A1 EP3866960 A1 EP 3866960A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- particles
- wood
- wood particles
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
- A61K8/066—Multiple emulsions, e.g. water-in-oil-in-water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
Definitions
- the invention relates to an emulsion or multiple emulsion composition which contains wood particles capable of stabilizing said emulsion.
- An emulsion is of the type:
- Oil in water when the dispersing phase is an aqueous phase and the dispersed phase is an organic phase (or in other words hydrophobic or oily).
- Such an emulsion is commonly designated by the acronym “H / E” or by the expression “direct emulsion”;
- Water in oil when the dispersing phase is an organic phase (hydrophobic or oily) and the dispersed phase is an aqueous phase.
- Such an emulsion is commonly designated by the acronym “W / O” or by the expression “reverse emulsion”.
- Oil in water in oil designated by the acronym H / E / H.
- This type of emulsion can be obtained by introducing an oil-in-water (O / W) emulsion in oil with stirring;
- Water in oil in water designated by the acronym W / M / W.
- This type of emulsion can be obtained by introducing a water-in-oil (W / O) emulsion in water with stirring.
- An emulsion is a physical state of a composition which is not stable: the dispersed phase tends to combine to form a single continuous whole, in particular due to the difference in density between the dispersing phase and the phase scattered.
- stabilizing compounds which give the emulsion rheological properties capable of slowing the phenomenon of coalescence, or else emulsifying compounds.
- Emulsifying compounds are conventionally small molecular weight surfactant molecules or macromolecules (synthetic polymers, biopolymers or soluble proteins), capable of organizing into micelles by placing themselves at the dispersing phase / dispersed phase interface during the emulsification processes. so as to stabilize the organic or aqueous dispersed droplets depending on whether it is a direct emulsion or an inverse emulsion.
- surfactants do not always offer the desired stability over time.
- surfactants can consist of the use of solid particles, which make it possible to obtain so-called “Pickering emulsion” emulsions.
- Pickering emulsions are therefore emulsions devoid of surfactants, and which are stabilized by colloidal suspended particles which are anchored at the dispersed phase / dispersing phase interface.
- patent application FR 2 962 662 A1 discloses a composition in the form of a Pickering emulsion the emulsifying particles of which are cellulose nanocrystals.
- biobased particles are generally not used "as such” or in other words in their natural state in Pickering emulsions. They require transformation steps, for example:
- bio-based particles known to date for stabilizing Pickering emulsions have certain drawbacks.
- the inventors of the present invention have sought to develop new emulsions which fulfill these objectives and have discovered, quite surprisingly, that wood particles make it possible to stabilize direct, reverse and even multiple emulsions.
- the first object of the invention is a composition in the form of an emulsion or multiple emulsion comprising at least one phase dispersed in at least one dispersing phase, as well as emulsifying particles capable of stabilizing said emulsion, said composition is characterized in that the emulsifying particles are particles of wood.
- the emulsion is a Pickering emulsion.
- the emulsion can be a direct oil in water emulsion (O / W) or a reverse water in oil emulsion (W / O).
- the multiple emulsion can be an oil in water in oil (O / W / O) emulsion or a water in oil in water (W / O / W) emulsion.
- Wood is the source of raw material for particles capable of stabilizing the emulsion.
- the composition according to the invention thus has the advantage of comprising particles which come from a biodegradable biomass.
- Wood which is an integral part of lignocellulosic biomass, constitutes a renewable and biodegradable resource abundant on Earth. 44.5% of the biomass produced by forests is currently not exploited and is therefore available for new uses. The wood industry is also a source of interest, because lignocellulosic by-products from forests are currently still little valued, unlike the powders from the vegetable fiber industry which are used for animal feed. or fertilizing plants.
- the lignocellulosic plant material of wood constitutes a source of emulsifying material which is particularly suitable for Pickering emulsions.
- the wood particles are strongly anchored at the interface of the emulsion; which makes it very robust.
- the wood particles can be of any kind of wood. Without this being limiting of the present invention, it can be hardwood or softwood, for example chestnut, oak, spruce or beech.
- Wood leading to particle production can be obtained from co-products and waste from the logging and wood industry. For example, these are sawdust, sawmill chips, machining shavings, sanding dust and scrap.
- the compositions according to the invention thus confer on this biomass that is wood which is little exploited but available in a way abundant, an added value that is greater than that of incineration and combustion.
- the wood particles have been carbonized by hydrothermal treatment. It can be wood particles obtained from carbonized wood by hydrothermal treatment, wood particles contained in the residual washing waters from hydrothermal wood carbonization processes.
- the wood particles can also be prepared according to a process derived from the papermaking processes sequentially involving a mechanical pulping of the chips by thermomechanical defibering and refining (defibering steps, then advanced refining), a low consistency destructuring up to obtaining an average fiber length of 200 ⁇ m, whether or not followed, depending on the desired particle size and the level of polydispersity in size of the particles produced, of stages of homogenization.
- the wood chips are steamed, then mechanically destructured by thermomechanical defibering in a high consistency disc refiner. This step is followed by a refining which allows the fibers, for the vast majority individualized, to be obtained with 30% dry matter.
- the wood pulp is subjected to intensive refining. Any refining technique can be applied.
- low consistency refining 4% dry matter
- the parameters adjusted are: the types of linings, the air gap and the power applied.
- the low consistency refining is prolonged until a hyper-refined wood pulp is obtained, the average length of the fibers of which is at most 200 ⁇ m.
- this hyper-refined paste can be homogenized.
- One to five stages of homogenization can be applied using a homogenizer with pressures varying between 1000 to 1500 bars.
- wood particles are obtained in the form of a suspension of wood particles, wood pulp or more hyper-refined wood pulp.
- the wood particles may be in the free form or of a suspension of wood particles or of a wood pulp or else of a hyper-refined wood pulp.
- compositions according to the invention have the advantage of being available in the form of a whole panel of emulsions. Indeed, one can select a type of wood particles according to the desired emulsion (namely reverse or direct emulsion or even multiple emulsion).
- the lignocellulosic plant material of wood consists of a complex assembly of:
- extractables such as polyphenols
- composition of the wood particles in particular on the surface of the particles, conditions the surface polarity of the particles:
- particles with a high surface affinity for water are hydrophilic
- particles with a high surface affinity for an oil are hydrophobic (or in other words lipophilic).
- wood particles can have a hydrophilic or hydrophobic character.
- the wood particle is hydrophilic
- the wood particle is hydrophobic.
- wood particles can have an amphiphilic nature. Indeed, when such wood particles are dispersed in an aqueous phase, they have a hydrophilic character. When they are dehydrated, they become dispersible in an organic phase and they have a hydrophobic character. In other words, these particles of wood can be dispersed in a dispersing phase, and whether said dispersing phase is aqueous or organic.
- the wood particles can exhibit variable surface chemistry for the stabilization of emulsions.
- the wood particles are not modified and naturally exhibit a hydrophilic, hydrophobic or even amphiphilic nature.
- this reversal of polarity of the wood particles can be carried out by solvent exchange.
- ethanol which is miscible both in water and in decane can be used as an intermediate phase. After dispersing the wood particles having a hydrophilic character in water, they are subjected to successive washes with slight stirring (for example with a magnetic bar), starting with 100% of aqueous phase and gradually increasing to 100% ethanol. Then, successive washes are carried out with ethanol / decane mixtures by gradually increasing the decane content up to 100%. The wood particles are then recovered. They then have a hydrophobic character and can thus be dispersed correctly in a hydrophobic dispersing phase.
- composition according to the invention can also advantageously have the following technical characteristics detailed below, taken in combination or independently of one another:
- Wood particles can be in the form of powders. It can be a suspension of wood particles.
- the size of the wood particles can be between 100 nm and 40 ⁇ m, preferably between 120 nm and 200 nm, even more preferably between 140 nm and 160 nm.
- the term “particle size” is understood to mean that at least one dimension of said particles lies within the intervals as described above.
- the particles of wood have a spherical or quasi-spherical shape, it is their diameter which is included in the abovementioned intervals.
- the wood particles advantageously have a size less than or equal to 40 ⁇ m. They are present at the dispersed and dispersing phase interface.
- the wood particles have a uniform size distribution.
- Their polydispersity index can be between 0.01 and 1, preferably between 0.1 and 0.3, even more preferably between 0.1 and 0.25.
- the wood particles may have been obtained by a manufacturing process comprising at least one grinding step.
- the wood particles were obtained from a manufacturing process which comprises at least the following steps:
- a first stage comprising dry grinding and / or wet grinding, the dry grinding being followed by wet grinding when said first stage comprises these two grindings;
- a 2 nd step comprising centrifugation and / or filtration, centrifugation being followed by filtration when said 2 nd step comprises centrifugation and filtration.
- the wood particles were obtained from a manufacturing process which comprises at least the following steps:
- a filtration step is carried out.
- the wood particles are thus advantageously obtained by an alternating manufacturing process of mechanical destructuring (that is to say the stages of dry and / or wet grinding) and stages of selection of size of said particles (it is ie the sieving, centrifugation and filtration steps), with the advantage that there is no production of chemical residues.
- This anisotropy originates from the very nature of the lignocellulosic raw material of wood. Indeed, as explained above, this raw material is a complex mixture of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose polymers and extractables, the contents of which vary according to the plant species considered and which has a certain resistance to heterogeneous defragmentation.
- Step 2) of ier screening can be performed with a screen configured to retrieve sawdust sizes less than or equal to 1mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
- Step 3) of dry grinding can be carried out in a knife mill, for example for a period of between 10 and 12 minutes at a speed of between 4,000 rpm and 5,000 rpm.
- a knife mill for example for a period of between 10 and 12 minutes at a speed of between 4,000 rpm and 5,000 rpm.
- other dry grinding devices equivalent to the knife mill can be envisaged in the context of the invention and are perfectly within the reach of those skilled in the art.
- it is a ball mill.
- step 3) of dry grinding wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 250 ⁇ m are obtained.
- step 4) 2 -th screening can be performed with a column sieving with sieves of 250, 125 and 40 microns which are superimposed. This makes it possible to recover wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 40 ⁇ m.
- Step 5 of wet grinding can be carried out in a rotor-stator type grinder for a period of between 30 seconds and 20 minutes at a speed of between 3,000 rpm and 24,000 rpm.
- a rotor-stator type grinder for a period of between 30 seconds and 20 minutes at a speed of between 3,000 rpm and 24,000 rpm.
- wet grinding devices can be envisaged in the context of the invention and are perfectly within the reach of those skilled in the art. It can be a colloid mill, high pressure homogenizer, ball mill, ultrasonic probe, tubular ultrasonic reactor.
- the wet milling step is used to modify the relative distribution in particle size that has been retrieved in the previous steps to dry milling and sieving 2 -th.
- the quantity of particles of size less than 1 ⁇ m is increased compared to the quantity of particles of size greater than 1 ⁇ m.
- step 5 wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 40 ⁇ m are obtained.
- This wet grinding step makes it possible to multiply by 2.3 the quantity of solid particles of size less than 450 nm.
- Step 6) of centrifugation can be carried out in a centrifuge for a period of between 30 seconds and 30 minutes at a speed of between 98 ms 2 g and 206,000 ms 2 .
- step 6 wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than or equal to 600 nm, are obtained.
- Step 7) of filtration can be carried out with a series of filters, for example filters of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethersulfone and is configured to recover wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 5.1. , 2 and 0.45 pm.
- filters of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethersulfone for example filters of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethersulfone and is configured to recover wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 5.1. , 2 and 0.45 pm.
- step 7 At the end of step 7) of filtration, among the wood particles recovered, 100% of these particles have a size less than or equal to 450 nm.
- the method for manufacturing wood particles comprises the following steps:
- a 1st sieving step is carried out so as to recover sawdust of sizes less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
- dry grinding is carried out in a knife mill for approximately 10 minutes at a speed of 5000 revolutions / minute so as to recover wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 250 ⁇ m;
- a 2 nd sieving step is carried out so as to recover wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 40 ⁇ m;
- wet grinding is carried out in a rotor-stator type mill for approximately 10 minutes at a speed of 5000 revolutions / minute;
- a centrifugation step is carried out for 8 minutes at a speed of 68,600 ms 2 in a centrifuge so as to recover wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m;
- a filtration step is carried out with a cellulose acetate filter configured to recover wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 450 nm.
- the dispersed phase can be an organic phase or an aqueous phase
- the dispersing phase can be an organic phase or an aqueous phase.
- vegetable oils for example: rapeseed, soya, sunflower, high oleic sunflower, castor, flax, camelina and chia, almond, peanut, argan, avocado, lorenzo, neem, hazelnut, cashew, macadamia nut, nlive, pistachio , rice, sacha inchi, borage, safflower, hemp, cotton, wheat germ, corn, nuts, carnation, evening primrose, barley, pumpkin seeds, grape seeds, peas, sesame, coconut, palm kernel, rambutan, baobab, tung. ..);
- vegetable oils for example: rapeseed, soya, sunflower, high oleic sunflower, castor, flax, camelina and chia, almond, peanut, argan, avocado, lorenzo, neem, hazelnut, cashew, macadamia nut, nlive, pistachio , rice, sacha inchi,
- animal oils for example fish oils, tallow, poultry fat such as chicken, goose and duck fat, fat of porcine origin such as lard, rind fat and pork fat, as well as bone fats, in particular of porcine or bovine origin ...;
- petroleum-based oils for example: pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, hexadecane, dodecane undecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane and octadecane ...;
- bio-based solvents for example: methyl esters of fatty acids, ethyl esters of fatty acids, etc.
- petrosourced lipophilic organic solvents for example: methyl esters of fatty acids, ethyl esters of fatty acids, etc.
- the aqueous phase includes water.
- it is demineralized water.
- water contains a certain amount of electrolytes in solution such as sodium chloride, at a concentration not exceeding 35 g / L. This gives it a certain conductivity between 0 and 60 mS / cm.
- the composition is stabilized only with wood particles, without adding other emulsifying or stabilizing compounds.
- the composition is stabilized by wood particles and at least one compound chosen from stabilizing compounds and surfactants.
- the mass percentage of the wood particles expressed relative to the mass of the dispersed phase can be between 0.014% and 1.116%, preferably between 0.083% and 1.116%.
- the volume percentage of the dispersed phase expressed relative to the total volume of the composition namely the volume constituted by the sum of the volumes of the dispersing phase and of the dispersed phase used for the emulsification, can be between 1% and 75%, preferably between 1% and 60%.
- this volume percentage of the dispersed phase expressed relative to the total volume of the composition can be between:
- the particle size is between 100 nm and 40 pm and the concentration of wood particles dispersed in said aqueous phase before emulsification is between 0.31 g / L and 33 g / L, preferably between 10 g / L and 33 g / L.
- the wood particles may have been obtained from sawdust having been subjected to dry grinding, sieving and then wet grinding as described above.
- the particle size is between 120 nm and 200 nm and the concentration of wood particles dispersed in said aqueous phase before emulsification is between 0.31 g / L and 2.37 g / L, preferably between 0.89 g / L and 2.37 g / L.
- the wood particles may have been obtained from sawdust which has been subjected to dry grinding, sieving, wet grinding, centrifugation, then filtration at 0.45 ⁇ m as described above.
- the particle size is between 100 nm and 40 pm and the concentration of wood particles dispersed in said organic phase before emulsification is between 3.65 g / L and 32.85 g / L, preferably between 10.95 g / L and 32.85 g / L.
- the wood particles may have been obtained from sawdust which has been subjected to dry grinding, sieving and wet grinding and dehydration.
- step b) dispersing said wood particles in a dispersing phase; c) adding a dispersed phase in the dispersing phase obtained at the end of step b) so as to obtain an emulsion;
- step d) optionally, when the emulsion is a multiple emulsion, the emulsion obtained in step c) is added in a 2nd dispersing phase.
- the 2nd dispersing phase contains wood particles.
- the dispersing phase is an aqueous phase and the dispersed phase an organic phase
- a direct O / W emulsion is obtained at the end of step c), and where appropriate at the end of step d) a multiple emulsion of the O / W / O type (the 2nd dispersing phase being an organic phase).
- step c) When the dispersing phase is an organic phase and the dispersed phase an aqueous phase, at the end of step c) a W / O reverse emulsion is obtained, and where appropriate at the end of step d) a multiple W / O / W type emulsion (the 2nd dispersing phase being an aqueous phase).
- the wood particles may have the technical characteristics which have been described above.
- the wood particles when the dispersing phase is an organic phase, the wood particles are dehydrated so as to make them hydrophobic, for example by solvent exchange as described above.
- the concentration of wood particles in the dispersing phase can be between 0.31 g / L and 33 g / L, preferably between 10 g / L and 33 g / L.
- Step c) of adding the dispersed phase to the dispersing phase is carried out according to conventional techniques of emulsification of Pickering emulsions and is thus perfectly within the reach of those skilled in the art.
- step c) is carried out by mechanical shearing with a dispersing device.
- a dispersing device for example, the device sold by the company IKA WERKE GmbH & CO. KG under the name
- ULTRA-TURRAX can be used.
- the emulsion is stirred for a period of between 30 seconds and 30 minutes, and preferably between 5 minutes and 10 minutes, at a speed of between 3000 revolutions / minute and 24,000 revolutions / minute, and preferably at 18,000 rpm, for example with a module sold by the company IKA WERKE GmbH & CO. KG under the trade name S 25N 10G for a total volume of the composition according to the invention of 10 ml.
- step c) is carried out with an ultrasonic emulsion apparatus.
- an ultrasonic emulsion apparatus for example, the device sold by SinapTec under the trade name LIXEA FORMULATOR C80-500-PI can be used.
- the emulsion is generated in the reactor after pre-homogenization obtained with the propeller for 7 minutes at 500 revolutions / minute.
- the pre-emulsion is then emulsified with a stirring intensity of 100% and pulses of 30 seconds for a period of between 30 seconds and one hour.
- step c) is carried out using an ultrasound probe.
- the device marketed by SONICS & MATERIALS, INC. under the trade name Vibra-Cell TM VCX 500 can be used with a frequency of 22 kHz.
- the 13 mm diameter probe, made of the titanium alloy TÎ-6AI-4V, is placed 2 cm below the liquid surface. This device can be used to generate the emulsion after a pre-homogenization step obtained with the above-mentioned ULTRA-TURRAX device for 5 minutes at 18,000 revolutions / minute.
- step c) is carried out by high pressure homogenization, advantageously after passing to 100 MPa using for example a device marketed under the trade name APV-1000 by the company SPX FLOW , Inc.
- step c) can be carried out by mechanical shearing or with an ultrasonic emulsion device or an ultrasound probe or even by high pressure homogenization.
- the emulsion can be produced in an apparatus also configured to manufacture particles of wood as has been detailed above.
- the wood particles can be manufactured and dispersed in a dispersing phase at the same time as a dispersed phase is added in said dispersing phase.
- the emulsion manufacturing process can thus be implemented, and that the wood particles are in free form, in the form of a suspension of wood particles, a paste of wood or a hyper-refined wood pulp.
- the present invention also relates to the use of wood particles to stabilize an emulsion or a multiple emulsion.
- the emulsion or multiple emulsion is a Pickering emulsion.
- the emulsion can be a direct emulsion or a reverse emulsion.
- the multiple emulsion can be an oil in water in oil (O / W / O) emulsion or a water in oil in water (W / O / W) emulsion.
- the emulsion or the multiple emulsion may have the technical characteristics as detailed above in the description of the composition according to the invention.
- composition according to the invention can have multiple applications in various technical fields, and among which are:
- sanitation of aqueous effluents for example sanitation of water containing lipophilic compounds by concentration of these lipophilic compounds and by their emulsion;
- perfumery for example for the release of active ingredients; cosmetic applications;
- FIG. 1 is a graph of the evolutions of the volume percentage of the direct emulsion and of the mass percentage of the chestnut particles expressed relative to the mass of decane as a function of the volume percentage of decane of a composition in the form of direct emulsion according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents 6 photographs taken with an optical microscope of direct emulsions according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph of the evolution of the percentage of residual emulsion after centrifugation as a function of the volume percentage of decane of a composition in the form of direct emulsion according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph of the evolution of the volume percentage of direct emulsion as a function of the concentration of particles of chestnut dispersed in demineralized water with a composition in the form of an emulsion according to the invention.
- Table 1 below details the mass percentages of the various constituents which have been determined from samples of these three species of wood.
- Wood particles of these three species were all prepared according to the following manufacturing process: 1) sawdust was available;
- wet grinding was carried out in a rotor-stator type mill sold by the company IKA WERKE GmbH & CO. KG under the
- a centrifugation step was carried out for 8 minutes under a speed centrifugation field of 68,600 ms 2 in a centrifuge so as to recover wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m;
- a filtration step was carried out with a cellulose acetate filter configured to recover wood particles of sizes less than or equal to 0.45 ⁇ m.
- dry matter concentration (in g / L): the dry matter concentration was determined by taking 1 ml of a dispersion of an aqueous solution of a sample of particles, and weighing it with a precision balance. The dispersion was left overnight in an oven at minimum 60 ° C and the flask was weighed the next day;
- the device which has been used to measure these physico-chemical properties of the particles is marketed under the trade name Zetasizer Nano ZS by the company Malvern.
- the average particle size is between 149 and 198 nm; - the polydispersity index is of the same order of magnitude for spruce and beech (0.230 and 0.268) and a little higher for chestnut (0.326);
- the zeta potential is between -33.0 and -26.8 mV. This means that the double layer made up of ions which are in solution and which surround the charged particles are negatively charged ions and that the surface of the particles of the three wood species is positively charged. Study of the wettability of wood particles by measuring the contact angles:
- the wettability of the particles is linked to the affinity of the particles with respect to a hydrophilic phase and a hydrophobic phase. This is why the wettability of wood particles was studied by measurements of contact angles on surfaces of particles compressed to 27.6 MPa.
- CMOS being the acronym for “complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor” which means complementary metal oxide semiconductor
- Table 3 below details the values of the contact angles measured between the particle surfaces of the three compressed wood species and the reference liquids.
- Free surface energy is the energy per unit area needed to form a liquid / solid interface.
- the angles formed by the drops of liquid on the surfaces of wood particles allow, from calculations according to the Owens-Wendt method, to arrive at the polar components y s p and of dispersion y s d of the solid which constitutes this free surface energy. y s .
- Table 4 details these polar and dispersion components, as well as the free surface energy for the three wood species.
- the adhesion work is the energy which binds the surface of two separate phases or materials and increases as the interfacial tension of the two phases decreases.
- the adhesion work between two phases of the same liquid, called cohesion work, is therefore the energy necessary to form an interphase.
- Table 5 detailing the work of adhesion W of the particles of the three wood species to the air
- the values of the adhesion work in air detailed in table 5 above are higher for diiodomethane than for water and ethylene glycol which are polar liquids.
- wood surfaces At the solid-air interface, wood surfaces have more affinity for lipophilic liquids than hydrophilic liquids.
- the particle surfaces are still both lipophilic and hydrophilic.
- the particles are dispersed in water. Work has therefore been carried out to assess the surface polarity of particles immersed in water.
- Direct emulsions (O / W) according to the invention were prepared with the particles of the three wood species and using demineralized water as the dispersing phase of said wood particles and decane as the dispersed phase.
- the wood particles of each of the three species were dispersed in demineralized water at a concentration of 10 g / L.
- volume percentages of decane were: 10%, 20%, 25% and 33%, these volume percentages being expressed relative to the total volume constituted by the sum of the volumes of demineralized water and decane used before emulsification, so as to obtain 12 emulsions according to the invention.
- these emulsions were prepared using a rotor-stator disperser sold by the company IKA under the trade name IKA-ULTRA-TURRAX ® T 25 to emulsify for 1 minute at 15,000 rpm at room temperature (20 ° C ).
- the emulsions thus obtained were stored in airtight containers in order to avoid any evaporation of the water and of the decane, as well as any possible interaction liable to alter the emulsion.
- the wood particles had an average diameter between 100 nm and 40 ⁇ m.
- micrometric particles visible to the naked eye were in the emulsion and formed a steric barrier in addition to the action of nanometric particles which are adsorbed at the interface
- particles of micrometric sizes also help to increase the viscosity of the system, thus reducing the diffusion rates and therefore the migration of the contents from one drop to another.
- Direct emulsions (O / W) according to the invention were prepared with the particles of chestnut having been produced from steps 1) to 7) as detailed above for the three species of wood and using demineralized water as the dispersing phase of said particles and decane as the dispersed phase.
- the chestnut particles were dispersed in demineralized water at a concentration of 0.906 g / L.
- emulsions were produced by adding decane to the dispersing phase thus obtained.
- the volume percentages of decane were: 10%, 20%, 25%, 33%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 66%, 75% and 90%, these volume percentages being expressed relative to the total volume constituted by the sum of the volumes of demineralized water and decane before the emulsification is carried out, so as to obtain 10 emulsions according to the invention.
- volume of the emulsion increases with the increase in the volume percentage of decane between 10% and 60%, and this without any major phenomenon of oil release. This means that all of the decane is dispersed in the emulsion.
- the mass percentage of the chestnut particles (namely the particles which have been dispersed in demineralized water) which is expressed relative to the mass of decane of the composition
- the volume percentage of the emulsion expressed relative to the total volume of the composition (in other words the demineralized water-decane system).
- the mass percentage of the chestnut particles which is expressed relative to the mass of decane of the composition was used for the following reasons:
- the mass measurement of the components of an emulsion does not vary with external factors such as the temperature which can vary the volume of the liquids used in the composition. There is thus a direct relationship between the mass of wood particles and the mass of decane, therefore a direct relationship between the mass of stabilizing agent and the mass of the liquid which has been dispersed.
- Figure 1 is a graph based on the values detailed in Table 8, namely:
- the mass percentage of the particles expressed relative to the mass of decane decreases exponentially as the volume percentage of decane increases; which shows a reduction in the overlap of the droplet interface;
- FIG. 2 includes 6 photographs of the emulsions which have been obtained with a volume percentage of decane of:
- the stability of the emulsions according to the invention was studied by measurements of the percentage of residual emulsion after centrifugation.
- Centrifugation was carried out with a centrifuge sold by the company SIGMA CENTRIFUGES under the trade name Sigma 6-16K. The samples were centrifuged at 9800 ms 2 for 5 minutes at 20 ° C.
- Table 9 details the percentage values of residual emulsion which have been measured as a function of the volume percentage of decane.
- FIG. 3 is a graph which represents the change in the percentage of residual emulsion after centrifugation of the emulsion as a function of the volume percentage of decane.
- the chestnut particles were dispersed in demineralized water at the following concentrations (expressed in g / L): 1.23; 3.69; 5.53; 10.99 and 32.90.
- emulsions were produced by adding decane to the dispersing phase thus obtained.
- the volume percentage of decane was 60%, this volume percentage being expressed relative to the total volume constituted by the sum of the volumes of demineralized water and decane for the implementation of the emulsification, so as to obtain 5 emulsions according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph which details the evolution of the volume percentage of emulsion as a function of the concentration of particles of chestnut dispersed in demineralized water.
- the increase in the emulsion volume is due to the fact that smaller drops tend towards a larger surface water-decane interface which is stabilized by the exponential increase in the concentration of chestnut particles.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1859602A FR3087355B1 (fr) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | Emulsion et emulsion multiple de pickering avec des particules de bois |
| PCT/FR2019/052443 WO2020079364A1 (fr) | 2018-10-17 | 2019-10-16 | Émulsion et émulsion multiple de pickering avec des particules de bois |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3866960A1 true EP3866960A1 (fr) | 2021-08-25 |
Family
ID=65244315
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19806021.2A Withdrawn EP3866960A1 (fr) | 2018-10-17 | 2019-10-16 | Émulsion et émulsion multiple de pickering avec des particules de bois |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3866960A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3087355B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020079364A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117159418B (zh) * | 2023-09-14 | 2025-10-28 | 黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所 | 一种复合食用菌颗粒乳化水包油包水乳液及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8691248B2 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2014-04-08 | Mary Kay Inc. | Stable three-phased emulsions |
| FR2962662B1 (fr) | 2010-07-19 | 2012-08-24 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | Composition sous forme d'emulsion, comprenant une phase hydrophobe dispersee dans une phase aqueuse |
-
2018
- 2018-10-17 FR FR1859602A patent/FR3087355B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2019
- 2019-10-16 EP EP19806021.2A patent/EP3866960A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-10-16 WO PCT/FR2019/052443 patent/WO2020079364A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3087355B1 (fr) | 2020-11-13 |
| WO2020079364A1 (fr) | 2020-04-23 |
| FR3087355A1 (fr) | 2020-04-24 |
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