EP3862528B1 - Down hole drilling rig and method for producing a borehole - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a down-the-hole drilling device for creating a borehole in the ground, with a drill head for removing soil material, a drill string with the drill head attached to the lower end, a rotary drive device for driving the drill string with the drill head in rotation, a bracing device which a first frame section and is designed for radial bracing of the down-the-hole drilling device radially to the borehole wall, and at least one adjusting cylinder for adjusting the drill head in an axial direction, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention also relates to a method for creating a borehole in the ground, in which, in order to form the borehole, ground material is removed by means of a drill head which is attached to a lower end of a drill string which is driven in rotation by means of a rotary drive device, with a first frame section of the in-hole -Drilling device is braced radially to a borehole wall by means of a bracing device, and the drill head is adjusted in an axial direction by means of at least one adjusting cylinder, according to the preamble of claim 12.

Down-the-hole drilling devices are used in particular when drilling holes in the ground with a larger drilling diameter, which can typically be 1 meter to several meters. The down-the-hole drilling device has a drill head which is rotated by means of a rotary drive, which rotates directly is arranged on the frame of the down-the-hole drilling device and is thus located in the borehole itself. For an axial feed movement, one or more adjusting cylinders are also arranged for the axial displacement of the drill head.

In order to prevent the down-the-hole drilling device, which is suspended from a carrying cable, from rotating with the drill head, the frame of the down-the-hole drilling device is braced directly against the borehole wall by means of a bracing device. If the at least one feed cylinder is extended axially to its maximum extent, the tension is released and the frame of the down-the-hole drilling device with the rotary drive is moved down to the drill head by retracting the feed cylinder and tracking the cable suspension. The down-the-hole drilling device can then be fixed in position again by the bracing device on the wall of the borehole, so that a further drilling step can be carried out by extending the feed cylinders axially.

From the DE 27 34 185 A1 and the DE 103 36 315 A1 Down-the-hole drilling devices are known in which the rotary drive is arranged directly on the drill head. The feed cylinders for adjusting the drill head are located above the rotary drive and below the bracing device, so that the axial flow of force for the feed pressure is directed through the area of the rotary drive. This puts a strain on the area with the rotary drive. In addition, with this arrangement, the rotary drive is arranged close to the drill head and thus to the excavation area, so that the rotary drive is exposed to increased shocks and vibrations during operation of the drill head, especially when rocky soil layers are being excavated. A support tube to form the borehole wall can also be inserted via a casing machine.

A generic down-the-hole drill and a generic method go out EP 2 615 239 B1 which discloses the features of the preamble of claim 1. In this known drill, the rotary drive and the axial feed cylinder are arranged above the bracing device. As a result, the rotary drive is mounted at a greater distance from the drill head, so that the rotary drive is exposed to fewer direct loads when the rock material is removed by the drill head. In this down-the-hole drilling device, the feed cylinders are located above the rotary drive and above the bracing device, so that a power flow again takes place through the rotary drive, which is an additional burden of the rotary drive. In addition, the placement of the axial feed cylinders at the upper end of the down-the-hole drilling device results in a relatively large drive train, which must be dimensioned to be correspondingly large to ensure sufficient torsional rigidity. Together with the length of the drilling drive train, this leads to a relatively large, in particular heavy, down-the-hole drilling device.

From the DE 37 41 717 A1 Another down-the-hole drilling device is known, in which the bracing device is formed from two sub-devices. A first bracing device is located at an upper end area of the drilling device, while a second bracing device is attached to a lower end area of the drilling device. The rotary drive and the feed device are arranged in the intermediate area between the two bracing devices. In this drilling device, a double arrangement of bracing devices is mandatory, which basically leads to an increase in weight, size and costs. In addition, there is a corresponding increase in maintenance costs during operation.

the EP2703596A1 shows another down-the-hole drilling device, which already shows an improved arrangement of the drilling drive above a bracing device, but the drill string with its drill head is supported only by means of the actuating cylinder in relation to the bracing device, which can cause a high load on the actuating cylinder and instability. Also, by means of the punctiform supports of the bracing elements, only small radial forces can be applied to the bore wall for bracing.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a down-the-hole drilling device which has a particularly compact and robust design. A further object of the invention is to specify a method for creating a bore with such a drilling device.

The object is achieved on the one hand by a down-the-hole drilling device having the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method having the features of claim 12 . Preferred embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims.

• dass unterhalb der Verspanneinrichtung der mindestens eine Stellzylinder angeordnet ist, welcher sich einerseits an dem ersten Rahmenabschnitt abstützt und andererseits sich zum Bohrkopf hin erstreckt,
• dass oberhalb der Verspanneinrichtung die Drehantriebseinrichtung angeordnet ist,
• dass ein zweiter Rahmenabschnitt vorgesehen ist, welcher axial fest aber drehbar gelagert relativ zum Bohrkopf ist, und
• dass am ersten Rahmenabschnitt nach unten gerichtete fest angebrachte Linearführungen vorgesehen sind, über die der zweite Rahmenab-schnitt linear verschiebbar zum ersten Rahmenabschnitt gelagert ist.

The drilling device according to the invention is characterized in that

• that below the bracing device the at least one actuating cylinder is arranged, which is supported on the one hand on the first frame section and on the other hand extends towards the drill head,
• that the rotary drive device is arranged above the bracing device,
• that a second frame section is provided which is axially fixed but rotatably mounted relative to the drill head, and
• that on the first frame section downward fixed linear guides are provided, via which the second frame section is mounted in a linearly displaceable manner in relation to the first frame section.

A basic idea of the invention lies in arranging the at least one actuating cylinder for the feed drive below the bracing device, while the rotary drive is arranged above the first frame section with the bracing device. Due to the arrangement of the at least one actuating cylinder of the axial Feed drive directly between the bracing device and the drill head can be a direct power flow to the drill head. The at least one actuating cylinder is supported directly on the first frame section with the bracing device and thus in relation to the surrounding borehole wall. Such high forces can be applied directly to the drill head that even rocky layers of rock can be processed with a high pressure or feed force. The at least one actuating cylinder can be supported directly on the drill head. At the same time, the rotary drive device is removed from this axial flow of force, with the rotary drive device being mounted above the bracing device on the first frame section. This results in a gentle arrangement of the rotary drive device and thus an overall robust construction of the drilling device. A further advantage can be seen in the fact that during the actual drilling step, in which the drill head is displaced axially, the rotary drive device is mounted on the fixed frame and is consequently axially stationary. This simplifies the energy supply of the rotary drive device during the drilling step and also simplifies the structure of the drilling device overall. In addition, the rotary drive device is arranged at a distance from the drill head, so that the rotary drive device with the sensitive bearings and seals is no longer directly exposed to the mechanical stresses of the excavation area.

By means of the additional linear guides, which support the drill string via a second frame section, which is guided in an axially displaceable manner in relation to the first frame section, the actuating cylinders are relieved of the high forces occurring during drilling.

A preferred embodiment of the down-the-hole drilling device according to the invention consists in the fact that a plurality of actuating cylinders are arranged on the first frame section, distributed evenly over the circumference. Preferably, the first frame section is ring-shaped. In particular, two, three or four or optionally even more adjusting cylinders can be arranged in a ring around the drilling axis. The adjusting cylinders form the feed device and are aligned approximately parallel to the drilling axis.

In order to achieve high clamping forces and thus a particularly good positional security of the drill in the borehole, it is provided according to a further development of the invention that the clamping device has one or more radially directed clamping cylinders having. The clamping cylinders are supported on the one hand on the first frame section, while a contact element for contacting the borehole wall is provided and arranged on the free side of the clamping cylinder. Borehole wall can be understood as meaning directly the existing soil or possibly an inside of a support tube or casing, which is introduced into the borehole to support it. In principle, clamping cylinders arranged in the transverse or even in the axial direction can also be provided, which can apply radial clamping forces for clamping the drilling device in the borehole via a corresponding mechanism, such as a lever mechanism.

In principle, the cylinders used can be actuated with any suitable fluid. According to one embodiment variant of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the at least one adjusting cylinder for the axial adjustment of the drill head and/or the at least one clamping cylinder of the clamping device is designed as a hydraulic cylinder. The cylinders are supplied with hydraulic oil in a closed circuit from outside the borehole by a hydraulic system. The hydraulic oil can also be used to actuate the rotary drive device and other components of the down-the-hole drilling device.

Basically, the rotary drive device can be designed in any way. According to a development of the invention, it is particularly advantageous that the rotary drive device has a drive shaft along which the drill string is mounted so as to be axially displaceable, and that axially extending drive rails are arranged on an outside of the drive shaft for transmitting a drive torque. Correspondingly, corresponding drive rails are provided on an inside of the drill string, which is at least partially tubular, so that torque can be transmitted between the drive rails, while at the same time axial displaceability of the drill string relative to the drive shaft is ensured. In principle, a hollow drive wheel can also be provided, in which the drill string is mounted in a rotationally fixed but axially displaceable manner.

According to a further development of the invention, particularly high torques can be achieved in that the rotary drive device has one or more rotary drives which are mounted on the first frame section. With several rotary drives these can be attached to the preferably ring-shaped first frame section, in particular evenly distributed around the drilling axis. The rotary drives can jointly drive the drive shaft via corresponding drive pinions or a gear arrangement and thus transmit the torque to the drill string.

A further expedient embodiment of the invention can be seen in the fact that a conveying device is provided with which removed soil material can be discharged from the drill head to the outside of the bore. For this purpose, a corresponding feed pump can be provided on the drill itself or outside the borehole. A conveying line is preferably provided along the drilling device, via which the drill cuttings removed can be discharged from the drill head along the frame upwards and out of the borehole. The delivery line can run partially or entirely in the drill string, which can be tubular.

The drill cuttings can also be removed using an air lifting method, in which air is introduced into the borehole via a supply line in order to cause the drill cuttings to be removed when it subsequently flows upwards in the delivery line.

In particular, the down-the-hole drilling device can be guided via a linkage in the ground. According to one embodiment variant of the invention, it is particularly advantageous that a connecting device for a carrying cable is arranged on an upper end section of the frame of the down-the-hole drilling device. In particular, a hoisting winch for raising and lowering the drilling device can be arranged outside the borehole.

The invention also includes a drilling rig for creating a bore in the ground, the drilling rig having the previously described down-the-hole drilling device and this being suspended by means of a carrying device. The support device can in particular have a support cable with a hoist winch.

According to a development of the drilling rig according to the invention, it is advantageous that a casing machine is provided with which a casing, which forms the borehole wall, can be introduced into the ground simultaneously or at different times to create the borehole. The piping is in particular through one or more Support tubes are formed, which are introduced into the ground via the casing machine. Depending on the soil conditions, the casing can lead or lag behind the drill head.

The casing serves in particular to stabilize the borehole wall, so that the downhole drilling device can be reliably supported on it. In rocky ground conditions, for example, piping is not absolutely necessary.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention consists in the fact that the carrying device is arranged on the ground or on a floating body on the surface of a body of water. The support device can in particular be movable and in particular have a crawler chassis. The floating body can be designed as a pontoon or as a ship, so that the drilling rig can also be used to drill a hole in the bottom of a body of water.

According to the invention, the down-the-hole drilling device has a second frame section which is axially fixed but rotatably mounted relative to the drill head. In particular, the extendable ends of the actuating cylinders of the feed drive can be articulated on this second frame section, which preferably has an annular or plate-like flange.

A second clamping device can also be provided on the second frame section, which is axially displaceable with the drill head. After a first extension of the drill head, the down-the-hole drilling device can be fixed in the drill hole by the second bracing device. The first bracing device on the first frame section can then be released and the first frame section with the rotary drive device and optionally other components can be adjusted by retracting the actuating cylinders. After a further actuation of the first bracing device to fix the down-the-hole drilling device in the borehole and after releasing the second bracing device, a further drilling step can then be carried out.

By designing the frame sections separately, the down-the-hole drilling device can have a modular construction overall, so that it can be adapted to different bore diameters relatively easily.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that at least one adjusting cylinder is arranged below the bracing device, which is supported on the one hand on the first frame section and on the other hand extends towards the drill head, wherein the drill head when removing soil material with the at least one adjusting cylinder in the direction of the ground is pressed, and that the rotary drive device is arranged above the bracing device, with which the drill string is driven in rotation.

The method according to the invention can be carried out in particular with the down-the-hole drilling device which has been described above. The advantages described above can be achieved in this way.

A preferred method variant of the invention consists in that a casing, which forms the borehole wall, is introduced into the ground at the same time as or at a later time than the creation of the borehole. A generally known casing-making machine can be used for this purpose. The casing, which is formed from a single support tube or from a plurality of support tubes which can be connected to one another, can be installed at the same level as the drill head or lead or lag behind it.

According to a further variant of the method according to the invention, it is preferred that during or after the down-the-hole drilling device is withdrawn from the bore, the latter is filled with a hardenable compound to form a foundation element. The mass can in particular be a concrete suspension, which hardens into a foundation element in the drilled hole. It is preferably provided that after the down-the-hole drilling device has been withdrawn from the borehole, a prefabricated foundation element, e.g. Before filling or curing, one or more reinforcement elements, preferably steel girders or a reinforcement basket, can be inserted into the bore or the annular gap.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Imloch-Bohrgerätes mit eingefahrenem Bohrkopf;

Fig. 2

eine Seitenansicht des Imloch-Bohrgerätes im Zustand von Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Imloch-Bohrgerätes der Figuren 1 und 2 mit ausgefahrenem Bohrkopf;

Fig. 4

eine Seitenansicht des Imloch-Bohrgerätes im Zustand von Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines weiteren Imloch-Bohrgerätes mit eingefahrenem Bohrkopf; und

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Imloch-Bohrgerätes von Fig. 5 mit ausgefahrenem Bohrkopf.

The invention is further described below with reference to preferred exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated schematically in the attached drawings. In the drawings show:

1

a perspective view of a down-the-hole drilling device according to the invention with the drill head retracted;

2

a side view of the down-the-hole drill in the state of 1 ;

3

a perspective view of the down-the-hole drill of FIG figures 1 and 2 with drill head extended;

4

a side view of the down-the-hole drill in the state of 3 ;

figure 5

a perspective view of another down-the-hole drill with the drill head retracted; and

6

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the down-the-hole drill of FIG figure 5 with the drill head extended.

In the Figures 1 to 4 a first down-the-hole drilling device 10 according to the invention is shown. This has a framework-like frame 12 which includes a first ring-shaped frame section 14 . A rotary drive device 40 is arranged on the upper side of this plate-like first frame section 14 , which in the exemplary embodiment shown is formed by three hydraulic rotary drives 42 which are arranged evenly distributed around a longitudinal or drilling axis of the down-the-hole drilling device 10 .

The bracing device 50 is attached to the underside of the first frame section 14 and is designed for radial bracing and fixing of the down-the-hole drilling device 10 relative to a borehole wall. In the exemplary embodiments shown, the ring-shaped clamping device 50 has six radially directed clamping cylinders (not shown), on the outside of which stamp-like clamping plates 52 are attached. The clamping cylinders with the clamping plates 52 are evenly distributed around the longitudinal or drilling axis of the down-the-hole drilling device 10 .

At the upper end of the frame 12 an upper frame section 15 is arranged. A plate-shaped ring-like intermediate section 16 is arranged between the upper frame section 15 and the underlying first frame section 14. which is connected via vertically directed connecting struts 18 on the one hand to the first frame section 14 and on the other hand upwards to the upper frame section 15.

A connecting device 28 for a cable suspension of the down-the-hole drilling device 10 and two line feeds 29 are arranged on the sides of an upper side of the upper frame section 15 . The line feeds 29 are used, on the one hand, to feed in a hydraulic hose line and, on the other hand, to feed in and hold a drilling suspension discharge line.

Further feeds for compressed air for an air lifting method and for electrical energy and data lines as well as further supply lines can be provided.

Control components 19 can be arranged on the plate-like intermediate section 16 . Overall, the upper area of the frame 12 can be modular with the first frame section 14, the upper frame section 15 and the intermediate section 16, so that the down-the-hole drilling device 10 can be easily adapted to different borehole sizes and areas of application.

The feed device 70 with hydraulic actuating cylinders 72 is arranged below the bracing device 50 on the first frame section 14 . The actuating cylinders 72 are fastened to the first frame section 14 with their cylinder housings. With the extendable cylinder piston, the actuating cylinders 72 are articulated, on the other hand, to a second annular, plate-like second frame section 20 . The annular second frame portion 20 is fixed to an outside of a tubular bearing sleeve 24, in which a tubular drill string 38, which is only partially in the Figures 3 and 4 is visible, rotatable but axially fixed. A drill head 30 is attached to the lower end of the drill string 38 . The drill head 30 has a central pilot tip 32 and radially directed removal elements 34 which are designed to remove soil material. The second frame section 20 is mounted in an axially adjustable manner relative to the first frame section 14 .

A drive shaft 44 of the rotary drive device 40 projects into the tubular drill string 30 in an upper end region of the tubular drill string 38 . The drive shaft 44 has outer, axially extending drive strips 46 which cooperate with corresponding inner drive strips on the inside of the tubular drill string 38 for torque transmission. The drill string 38 with the drill head 30 is driven in rotation via the drive shaft 44 so that it can remove soil material.

In the figures 1 and 2 the down-the-hole drilling device 10 is shown in a state in which the drill head 30 is retracted axially. In this state, the down-the-hole drilling device 10 can be fixed via the bracing device 50 by radially extending the clamping plates 52 against a borehole wall in a borehole, in particular a support tube in the borehole. Then, with the drill head 30 rotating, the feed device 70 can be actuated, with the actuating cylinders 72 extending downwards. As a result, the second frame section 20 with the bearing sleeve 24 and the drill head 30 mounted thereon is moved downwards in order to bring about a corresponding advance during drilling.

Upon reaching a maximum extension length of the actuating cylinder 72 of the feed device 70, which in the Figures 3 and 4 is shown, the clamping can be released by the clamping device 50 by moving back the clamping plates 52 . The upper area of the frame 12 can be tracked down by retracting the actuating cylinder 72 and releasing a support cable attached to the connecting device 28 until the axially retracted state according to FIG figures 1 and 2 is reached again. Now, after the frame 12 has been braced again by means of the bracing device 50, a further drilling step can be carried out.

Ground material produced during drilling can be discharged through the frame 12 via the hollow drill string 38 and the hollow drive shaft 44 by means of a suction pump 36 as a conveying device 35 and transported away outside the borehole via a partially shown conveying line 37 . The second frame section 20 with the bearing sleeve 24 can have a third frame section 27, which can be mounted in a linearly displaceable manner via linear guides 26 which are fixedly attached to the first frame section 14 and are directed downwards. The linear guides 26 can absorb torsional forces in the circumferential direction, so that the actuating cylinders 72 are relieved of transverse forces.

In the figures 5 and 6 a further embodiment of the down-the-hole drilling device 10 according to the invention is shown. This basically has the same components and the same structure as the down-the-hole drilling device 10 according to FIG Figures 1 to 4 .

In contrast to the first embodiment according to the Figures 1 to 4 a second bracing device 60 with radially deployable clamping plates 62 is arranged on the third frame section 27, which can be displaced with the drill head 30 and is ring-shaped.

The provision of such a second bracing device 60 on the displaceable third frame section 27 in addition to a first bracing device 50 on the frame section 14 enables the actuating cylinder 72 after the axial extension according to FIG 6 an additional bracing of the lower frame part against the borehole wall. After this bracing by the second bracing device 60, the first bracing device 50 can be released and the upper frame part can be tracked down with the bracing device 50. A further drilling step can then be carried out.

The down-the-hole drilling device 10 can thus be braced and fixed relative to the borehole wall at any time by the second bracing device 60 .

Claims (15)

1. Down-the-hole drilling apparatus for producing a bore in the ground, having

   - a drill head (30) for removing ground material,

   - a drill string (38), on the lower end of which the drill head (30) is mounted,

   - a rotary drive means (40) for driving the drill string (38) with the drill head (30) in a rotating manner,

   - a clamping means (50) which is arranged on a first frame section (14) and designed for radially clamping the down-the-hole drilling apparatus (10) radially with respect to the borehole wall by means of clamping plates (52), and

   - at least one positioning cylinder (72) for adjusting the drill head (30) in an axial direction,

   characterized in that

   - below the clamping means (50) the at least one positioning cylinder (72) is arranged which on the one hand is supported on the first frame section (14) and on the other hand extends towards the drill head (30),

   - in that above the clamping means (50) the rotary drive means (40) is arranged,

   - in that a second frame section (20) is provided which is axially fixed but rotatably supported relative to the drill head (30), and

   - in that on the first frame section (14) downwardly directed firmly mounted linear guides (26) are provided, by way of which the second frame section (20) is supported in a linearly displaceable manner with respect to the first frame section (14).
2. Down-the-hole drilling apparatus according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   several positioning cylinders (72) are arranged by being evenly distributed over the circumference on the first frame section (14).
3. Down-the-hole drilling apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   the clamping means (50) has one or several radially directed clamping cylinders.
4. Down-the-hole drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that
   the at least one positioning cylinder (72) for axially adjusting the drill head (30) and/or the at least one clamping cylinder of the clamping means (50) is designed as a hydraulic cylinder.
5. Down-the-hole drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that

   the rotary drive means (40) has a drive shaft (44), along which the drill string (38) is supported in an axially displaceable manner, and

   in that for the purpose of transmitting a drive torque axially running drive strips (46) are arranged on an external side of the drive shaft (44).
6. Down-the-hole drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in that
   the rotary drive means (40) has one or several rotary drives (42) which are supported on the first frame section (14).
7. Down-the-hole drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
   characterized in that
   a conveying means (35) is provided, with which removed ground material can be discharged from the drill head (30) to the outside of the bore.
8. Down-the-hole drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in that
   on an upper end of a frame (12) of the down-the-hole drilling apparatus (10) a connecting means (28) for a supporting rope is arranged.
9. Drilling rig for producing a bore in the ground,
   characterized in that

   a down-the-hole drilling apparatus (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is provided, and

   in that the down-the-hole drilling apparatus (10) is suspended by means of a supporting means.
10. Drilling rig according to claim 9,
    characterized in that
    a casing machine is provided, with which a casing forming the borehole wall can be introduced into the ground simultaneously with or with a time shift to the production of the bore.
11. Drilling rig according to claim 9 or 10,
    characterized in that
    the supporting means is arranged on the ground or on a floating body on a surface of a body of water.
12. Method for producing a bore in the ground with a down-the-hole drilling apparatus (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or a drilling rig according to any one of claims 9 to 11, in which

    for the purpose of forming the bore, ground material is removed by means of a drill head (30) which is mounted on a lower end of a drill string (38) that is driven in a rotating manner by means of a rotary drive means (40), wherein a first frame section (14) of the down-the-hole drilling apparatus (10) is clamped radially with respect to a borehole wall by means of a clamping means (50) and the drill head (30) is adjusted in an axial direction by means of at least one positioning cylinder (72),

    characterized in that

    - below the clamping means (50) at least one positioning cylinder (72) is arranged which on the one hand is supported on the first frame section (14) and on the other hand extends towards the drill head (30), wherein during removal of ground material the drill head (30) is pressed with the at least one positioning cylinder (72) towards the ground, and

    - in that above the clamping means (50) the rotary drive means (40) is arranged, with which the drill string (38) is driven in a rotating manner.
13. Method according to claim 12,
    characterized in that
    simultaneously with or with a time shift to the production of the bore a casing forming the borehole wall is introduced into the ground.
14. Method according to claim 12 or 13,
    characterized in that
    during or after withdrawal of the down-the-hole drilling apparatus (10) from the bore this is filled with a hardenable mass to form a foundation element.
15. Method according to claim 12 or 13,
    characterized in that

    after withdrawal of the down-the-hole drilling apparatus (10) from the bore a reinforcement or foundation element is installed therein and

    in that prior to this or subsequently the bore is filled with a hardenable mass.

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