EP3860784A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur generativen fertigung eines dreidimensionalen werkstücks aus einem flüssigen werkstoff - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur generativen fertigung eines dreidimensionalen werkstücks aus einem flüssigen werkstoffInfo
- Publication number
- EP3860784A1 EP3860784A1 EP19779470.4A EP19779470A EP3860784A1 EP 3860784 A1 EP3860784 A1 EP 3860784A1 EP 19779470 A EP19779470 A EP 19779470A EP 3860784 A1 EP3860784 A1 EP 3860784A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid material
- piston
- spray hole
- aid
- displacement space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/003—Moulding by spraying metal on a surface
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
- B05B1/08—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators
- B05B1/083—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators the pulsating mechanism comprising movable parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional workpiece from a liquid, in particular liquefied, material according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to a device for carrying out the method.
- Generative manufacturing processes include 3D printing, in which liquid or solid materials are built up in layers to form a three-dimensional workpiece.
- a method and a device for 3D printing are therefore proposed in particular, but only liquid or liquefied materials are to be used.
- a print head for a 3D printer in particular a metal printer, is shown by way of example, which has a reservoir formed in a housing for receiving the metal.
- the reservoir includes one melting range and one
- Displacement space for the molten or liquefied metal the melting area and the displacement space being connected in such a way that the displacement of a piston stimulates the liquefied metal to pass through an outlet opening.
- the liquefied metal is carried out in the form of drops.
- 3D printing processes that use print heads of the type mentioned above are also called “drop-on-demand” processes.
- Liquid or liquefied metal has a comparatively high level
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional workpiece from a liquid, in particular liquefied, material which is controlled
- the liquid material is fed to a displacement space and is discharged by means of a pressure pulse through a spray hole in the form of drops.
- the pressure pulse is generated with the aid of a reciprocating piston which delimits the displacement space.
- the advantages of the proposed method are particularly evident when a liquid material with a high surface tension is used.
- the proposed method is therefore preferably used in the generative production of a three-dimensional workpiece from a liquid or
- the liquid metal can, for example, be aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- the advantages are particularly evident when the at least one surface delimiting the displacement space and / or the spray hole is comparatively rough. This is the case, for example, if the body forming the spray hole is made of a porous ceramic. The body then proves to be particularly liquid-repellent, in particular metallophobic or aluminophobic. With the help of the method according to the invention
- Wettability of the surface of the body can be improved.
- the wettability of the surface is improved only locally, primarily in the area of the spray hole and / or in an area upstream of the spray hole, in order to achieve an axially symmetrical pipe flow in this area or in these areas.
- a pipe flow with a parabolic velocity profile is preferably achieved.
- a low wettability of the surface has an advantage, since this promotes quick and safe tearing off of the drops.
- lying surfaces therefore preferably have liquid-repellent, in particular metallophobic or aluminophobic properties. Since the sound waves coupled in with the aid of the piston propagate only in the displacement space and in the spray hole, only the surfaces which limit the displacement space or the spray hole are modified in terms of their wettability in the method according to the invention.
- the sound waves are preferably coupled in before the generation of a pressure pulse to discharge the liquid material with the aid of the piston, for example during an initialization process before the actual printing process begins. It only has to be ensured that there is liquid material in the displacement space.
- the sound waves are preferably coupled in before the generation of a pressure pulse to discharge the liquid material with the aid of the piston, for example during an initialization process before the actual printing process begins. It only has to be ensured that there is liquid material in the displacement space.
- Displacement space already completely filled with liquid material Displacement space already completely filled with liquid material. Coupling the sound waves during an initialization process ensures that the sound waves do not interfere with the actual printing process.
- the sound waves are preferably coupled in over a period of ⁇ 10 s, preferably ⁇ 5 s, further preferably ⁇ 1 s.
- the coupling of sound waves thus leads to a hardly noticeable delay in the actual printing process, so that this process step has essentially no effects on the efficiency of the process.
- the piston is preferably set into oscillation at a frequency> 1 kHz, that is to say at a frequency that is too high for the actual printing process. This ensures that there is no premature, uncontrolled escape of the liquid material from the spray hole. Because the spray hole is usually not through a closing element
- the piston is preferably set into an oscillation with a frequency> 4 kHz, further preferably> 20 kHz, that is to say in a high-frequency oscillation.
- sound waves in particular ultrasound waves, can be generated which lead to existing cavities being completely filled with liquid material.
- the piston is preferably in with the aid of an actuator, for example with the aid of a magnetostrictive, piezoceramic and / or magnetic actuator
- Vibration offset This can be, in particular, the actuator with the aid of which the piston is moved back and forth in order to generate the pressure pulse required for the discharge of the liquid material.
- An actuator can be saved in this way.
- gas bubbles are generated in the liquid material by the coupling of sound waves.
- Gas bubbles can then be implosated in the area of the at least one surface delimiting the displacement space and / or the spray hole, so that the surface is smoothed by the imploding gas bubbles.
- the proposed device comprises a displacement space which can be filled with a liquid material and which is delimited on the one hand by a reciprocating piston and on the other hand by a ceramic body with a spray hole.
- the ceramic body has at least one surface that delimits the displacement space and / or the spray hole with temporarily modified wettability.
- the temporarily modified wettability is achieved in that the device is used to carry out the method according to the invention. Because then the effects or advantages described above in connection with the method occur.
- the proposed device is therefore preferably used to carry out the method according to the invention. Since the spray hole is formed in a ceramic body, it is bounded by at least one surface that is comparatively rough. By coupling sound waves according to the method according to the invention, the wettability of the surface can be improved, so that a pipe flow with an axially symmetrical velocity profile prevails in the spray hole. This means that a deflection of the liquid column in the free jet, ie after the spray hole emerges, is avoided. The drop line of the droplets thus formed corresponds to the spray hole axis.
- the spray hole of the device preferably has a diameter D ⁇ 500 pm, preferably ⁇ 300 pm, further preferably ⁇ 100 pm.
- the spray hole can therefore also be referred to as a capillary. Forces occurring in capillaries, which could lead to the uncontrolled flow of the liquid material out of the spray hole, do not occur, however, so that the spray hole does not have to be closed.
- the comparatively small diameter of the spray hole leads to small droplet diameters, which enable very precise production of a three-dimensional workpiece.
- the piston is preferred with an actuator, for example a magnetostrictive, piezoceramic and / or magnetic actuator,
- the piston can be set in vibration and / or moved back and forth with the aid of the actuator.
- the same actuator is preferably used for vibration excitation and for reciprocating the piston, so that one actuator can be saved.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a device according to the invention for the additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional workpiece from a liquid material
- Fig. 5 shows a second enlarged sectional view in the contact area of the liquid material with the ceramic body forming the spray hole
- FIG. 6 shows a third enlarged sectional view in the contact area of the liquid material with the ceramic body forming the spray hole.
- the device is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the device shown here is a 3D printer or a print head of a 3D printer.
- Components of the device are a housing 10 and a piston 3, which can be moved back and forth in the housing 10 and has a piston in the housing 10
- the displacer 2 is filled with a liquid material 1, in particular with a liquid or liquefied metal, for example with an aluminum melt, during operation of the device. Due to the reciprocating movements of the piston 3, pressure pulses can be generated, which lead to the liquid material 1 being discharged via a spray hole 4.
- the spray hole 4 is formed in a ceramic body 7, which has a first surface 5 facing the displacement space 22 and a second surface 8 facing a substrate space 9. The spray hole 4 is delimited by a surface 6 of the ceramic body 7.
- the ceramic body 7, which is plate-shaped in the present case, is connected to the housing 10 via a clamping sleeve 11.
- the spray hole 4 formed in the ceramic body 7 has a diameter D on the substrate space side which is less than 500 ⁇ m. This means that a clear pressure pulse is required to pass the liquid material 1 through the narrow
- the surfaces 5, 6 and 8 have a low wettability in relation to the liquid material 1, so that the contact area between the liquid material 1 and the ceramic body 7 is not very large (see FIG. 4).
- this proves to be an advantage since the low wettability promotes rapid and uniform tearing off of the drops.
- the low wettability turns out to be a disadvantage, since at the same time the surface friction or adhesion of the liquid material 1 on these surfaces 5, 6 decreases.
- Gas bubbles are generated in the liquid material 1, which implode on the surfaces 5, 6 of the ceramic body 7 and by cavitation erosion to one
- Displacer 2 extends into it.
- the upstream area is accordingly delimited by a surface 5, the wettability of which is also improved by using the method according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018216930.6A DE102018216930A1 (de) | 2018-10-02 | 2018-10-02 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur generativen Fertigung eines dreidimensionalen Werkstücks aus einem flüssigen Werkstoff |
PCT/EP2019/076205 WO2020070002A1 (de) | 2018-10-02 | 2019-09-27 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur generativen fertigung eines dreidimensionalen werkstücks aus einem flüssigen werkstoff |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3860784A1 true EP3860784A1 (de) | 2021-08-11 |
Family
ID=68084839
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19779470.4A Pending EP3860784A1 (de) | 2018-10-02 | 2019-09-27 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur generativen fertigung eines dreidimensionalen werkstücks aus einem flüssigen werkstoff |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210387253A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3860784A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN112789129B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018216930A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020070002A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021115821A1 (de) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-12-22 | Grob-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Druckkopf und Inbetriebnahmeverfahren für einen Druckkopf |
US20240058870A1 (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2024-02-22 | Xerox Corporation | High-throughput liquid metal inkjet nozzle with porous layer for meniscus damping |
WO2024102803A1 (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-05-16 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Non-planar granular 3d printing |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5763724A (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 1998-06-09 | Naphtachimie S.A. | Method of manufacturing chemical products |
US5598200A (en) * | 1995-01-26 | 1997-01-28 | Gore; David W. | Method and apparatus for producing a discrete droplet of high temperature liquid |
US5749408A (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1998-05-12 | Incre, L.L.C. | Method for freeform fabrication by molten metal deposition |
US6491737B2 (en) * | 2000-05-22 | 2002-12-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | High-speed fabrication of highly uniform ultra-small metallic microspheres |
JP3643089B2 (ja) * | 2002-05-01 | 2005-04-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ノズル |
US9307625B2 (en) * | 2011-04-05 | 2016-04-05 | Eth Zurich | Droplet dispensing device and light source comprising such a droplet dispensing device |
CN102672193B (zh) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-08-28 | 西北工业大学 | 金属熔滴喷射装置及用该装置喷射高熔点金属熔滴的方法 |
CN103551572A (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 王璐瑶 | 3d金属打印机 |
US20170056970A1 (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Control of a three-dimensional printing process using estimated thermal parameters |
US10315247B2 (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2019-06-11 | Markforged, Inc. | Molten metal jetting for additive manufacturing |
US20170182560A1 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2017-06-29 | Desktop Metal, Inc. | Removable support structure with an interface formed by crystallization of bulk metallic glass |
CN107020805B (zh) * | 2016-02-02 | 2018-09-11 | 株式会社理光 | 油墨排出装置和油墨排出方法 |
DE102016224047A1 (de) | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Druckkopf für den 3D-Druck von Metallen |
DE102017204509A1 (de) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-09-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Druckkopf für den 3D-Druck von Metallen |
CN207681483U (zh) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-08-03 | 吉林大学 | 高熵合金微滴喷射增材制造装置 |
-
2018
- 2018-10-02 DE DE102018216930.6A patent/DE102018216930A1/de active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-09-27 CN CN201980064978.5A patent/CN112789129B/zh active Active
- 2019-09-27 US US17/281,655 patent/US20210387253A1/en active Pending
- 2019-09-27 EP EP19779470.4A patent/EP3860784A1/de active Pending
- 2019-09-27 WO PCT/EP2019/076205 patent/WO2020070002A1/de unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20210387253A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
WO2020070002A1 (de) | 2020-04-09 |
CN112789129B (zh) | 2023-05-09 |
CN112789129A (zh) | 2021-05-11 |
DE102018216930A1 (de) | 2020-04-02 |
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