EP3853451A1 - Détection dynamique d'excès d'ammoniaque à l'aide d'un algorithme logiciel pour éliminer le capteur d'ammoniaque - Google Patents

Détection dynamique d'excès d'ammoniaque à l'aide d'un algorithme logiciel pour éliminer le capteur d'ammoniaque

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Publication number
EP3853451A1
EP3853451A1 EP19759291.8A EP19759291A EP3853451A1 EP 3853451 A1 EP3853451 A1 EP 3853451A1 EP 19759291 A EP19759291 A EP 19759291A EP 3853451 A1 EP3853451 A1 EP 3853451A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ammonia
sensor
exhaust gas
scr
excess
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19759291.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Volker Smits
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutz AG
Original Assignee
Deutz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutz AG filed Critical Deutz AG
Publication of EP3853451A1 publication Critical patent/EP3853451A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/021—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting ammonia NH3
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/18—Ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1616—NH3-slip from catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • Typical exhaust gas purification systems contain, in addition to a diesel oxidation catalyst for the oxidative removal of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, and possibly a diesel particle filter arranged on the outflow side, a denitrification unit.
  • Units for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides using a so-called SCR catalytic converter (SCR: Selective Catalytic Reduction) and a device for metering ammonia or a decomposable ammonia are typical for the denitrification of diesel engine exhaust gases in the commercial vehicle and non-road area Connection as a reducing agent in the exhaust gas stream to be cleaned.
  • Preferred reducing agents are aqueous urea solution or ammonium carbamate solution; urea solution is particularly preferred.
  • SCR units are typically arranged on the outflow side to an upstream diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and / or to a diesel particle filter (DPF).
  • DOC upstream diesel oxidation catalyst
  • DPF diesel particle filter
  • the efficiencies of the SCR system are determined not only by the temperature and the mass flow over the SCR catalytic converter, but also by the NO 2 / NO x ratio in front of the SCR catalytic converter and by the amount of the reducing agent metered in.
  • the N0 2 / NO x ratio is set via the pre-stored exhaust gas purification units DOC and / or DPF, values from 0.2 to 0.7, particularly preferably from 0.4 to 0.6, being preferred.
  • State-of-the-art systems typically regulate the reducing agent dosage based on models, i.e. the software stored in the engine control unit calculates the raw emissions based on the NO x content and the previously experimentally determined efficiencies of the SCR catalyst at every conceivable operating point stoichiometric need for reducing agents and accordingly controls the amount of urea solution (so-called "input tax amount").
  • This precontrol is made more difficult by the fact that SCR catalysts based on zeolites exchanged with transition metals have a significant ammonia storage capacity. The amount of ammonia that can be stored in the catalyst depends on the operating temperature and the aging state of the catalyst.
  • part of the metered amount of reducing agent is used to fill up the ammonia storage in the catalytic converter.
  • the accumulator can be used to compensate briefly occurring underdoses, particularly in dynamic operation, by reducing the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas with ammonia desorbing from the accumulator. The ammonia reservoir must then be refilled by overdosing with reducing agent.
  • WO 2010/062566 discloses the structure and mode of operation of an ammonia sensor.
  • DE 10 2006 051 790 discloses an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for cleaning the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, comprising a first oxidation catalytic converter, a device for introducing a fuel into the exhaust gas, in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. strang, a second oxidation catalyst, a diesel particle filter, a device for injecting a reducing agent effective in reducing nitrogen oxides, an SCR catalyst and optionally an (ammonia) blocking catalyst with oxidation-catalytic activity.
  • An ammonia sensor can be provided downstream of the SCR catalytic converter to improve the regulation of the addition of the reducing agent or for diagnostic purposes.
  • EP-A 2 317 091 discloses an exhaust gas purification system comprising an oxidation catalytic converter, an exhaust pipe with a metering device for urea solution and an SCR catalytic converter in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
  • a temperature sensor is integrated in the SCR catalytic converter.
  • An ammonia sensor for detecting the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas downstream of the SCR catalytic converter is provided on the downstream side of the SCR catalytic converter.
  • An ammonia oxidation catalyst can be arranged on the outflow side of the ammonia sensor.
  • an amount of urea solution (pilot control amount) to be metered is determined and metered in as a function of the speed and torque of the engine.
  • the ammonia storage capacity of the SCR catalytic converter is calculated from the delay between the start of metering and the beginning of ammonia slip. If an ammonia slip is displayed via the ammonia sensor after the SCR catalytic converter, the amount of urea solution actually to be metered in is reduced compared to the pilot control amount. If the calculation of the ammonia storage capacity of the SCR catalyst results in a value that is smaller than a reference value stored in the control software, the amount of urea solution that is actually to be metered in is increased compared to the pilot control amount.
  • EP-A 2 317 090 discloses a method for operating an SCR system in which a preparatory withdrawal of the metered amount of reducing agent takes place if ammonia breakthroughs through the SCR catalytic converter are to be expected due to the operating conditions. Such changes in the operating conditions include in particular changes in the exhaust gas mass flow and / or an increase in the exhaust gas temperature.
  • EP-A 2 317 090 further discloses a method for detecting an ammonia slip risk by means of an ammonia sensor arranged between two SCR catalysts. If a predefined ammonia slip is exceeded after the first upstream SCR catalytic converter, the reducing agent metering is switched off.
  • DE 10 2008 043 141 discloses an exhaust gas purification system for a diesel internal combustion engine, comprising a diesel oxidation catalyst in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, a device for metering ammonia into the exhaust line, an SCR catalyst, a NO x sensor for detecting nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, an ammonia oxidation catalyst, a device for metering water into the exhaust line and an ammonia sensor.
  • US 2009/0272099 and US 2010/0242440 disclose exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, comprising an oxidation catalyst, a diesel particle filter, a device for metering in a reducing agent such as ammonia or urea solution, an SCR catalyst and an ammonia oxidation catalyst in this order in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.
  • Ammonia sensors can be arranged on the outflow side to the ammonia oxidation catalyst, on the upstream side to the SCR and / or on the upstream side to the ammonia oxidation catalyst.
  • NO x sensors for detecting the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the diesel oxidation catalyst, on the downstream side of the SCR and / or on the downstream side of the ammonia oxidation catalyst.
  • the actual reducing agent metering rates are adjusted in such a way that errors or discrepancies in the pilot control model (e.g. modeling errors, deviations in the real degrees of deterioration caused by catalyst aging or sensor aging, deviations in the reducing agent concentration, injection delays).
  • WO 201 1/139971 discloses a method for operating an SCR system which has two SCR catalysts arranged one after the other in the flow direction of the exhaust gas, and an ammonia sensor between the two SCR catalysts and a NO x sensor on the outflow side to the second, downstream SCR catalytic converter.
  • the method is characterized in that the default value for the ammonia concentration in the exhaust gas between the two SCR catalysts, which is determined by means of an ammonia sensor, is changed or adapted depending on the NO x concentration in the exhaust gas, which is determined by means of the NO x sensor after the second SCR catalytic converter.
  • the present invention was based on the object of providing a method for reducing nitrogen oxides from diesel engine exhaust gases by means of selective catalytic reduction, which makes maximum use of the theoretically possible efficiencies of the SCR catalysts by providing ammonia and / or one which is decomposable to ammonia Connection guaranteed as a reducing agent, whereby breakthroughs of ammonia through the SCR system are systematically avoided and which at the same time is characterized by the lowest possible application and application effort.
  • the object is achieved by a method for reducing nitrogen oxides from diesel engine exhaust gases by means of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system, which comprises the following in the sequence in the flow direction of the exhaust gas:
  • a device for metering ammonia and / or a compound decomposing into ammonia as a reducing agent into the exhaust gas to be cleaned one or more SCR catalysts which form a first SCR unit,
  • NO x sensor for determining the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the exhaust pipe.
  • Fig. 1 schematically the structure of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system for carrying out the method according to the invention and an overview of the SCR control,
  • Fig. 2 Comparison of the excess ammonia detection for an NRTC with overstoichiometric dosing
  • Fig. 3 Comparison of the excess ammonia detection for the "standard driving cycle" with overstoichiometric dosing.
  • SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • a component of the exhaust gas cleaning system is Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR).
  • SCR exhaust gas aftertreatment is used to reduce nitrogen oxides. The reduction is achieved by dosing a urea solution (e.g. Adblue or Urea / DEF), which later reacts to ammonia (NH3).
  • a urea solution e.g. Adblue or Urea / DEF
  • the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas react with the ammonia with optimum efficiency, mainly to form nitrogen and water.
  • the efficiency of the SCR system depends not only on the temperature, the mass flow and the N0 2 / NO x ratio, but also strongly on the amount of urea metered in.
  • the SCR catalytic converter With an underdosing (l ⁇ 1), the SCR catalytic converter is not able to convert the nitrogen oxides, which leads to higher nitrogen oxide emissions. If the reducing agent is overdosed (l> 1), however, there is an excess of ammonia, which escapes from the catalyst. Due to the toxic and environmentally harmful properties of ammonia, the Amount of ammonia emissions regulated and absolutely to be avoided.
  • Parts of the excess ammonia can be converted back into nitrogen monoxide (NO) by using an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC), but the conversion rate is not always sufficient to convert the excess ammonia completely into nitrogen monoxide.
  • ASC ammonia slip catalyst
  • the previous solution is to install an NH3 sensor from Delphi (see Figure 1).
  • the efficiency of the SCR system with regard to the metered quantity can be optimally used without risking an excessive ammonia excess, since in the case of detection of ammonia due to overdosing by the SCR control, the sensor value is used to correct the manipulated variable of the SCR control.
  • the new solution is a detection of the excess ammonia using a software algorithm.
  • the advantages of the new approach compared to the previous solution are the savings in the purchase and installation costs of the NH3 sensor and the possibility of also recognizing the formation of nitrogen monoxide by excess ammonia according to SCR.
  • the software algorithm detects the excess ammonia based on an analysis of the nitrogen oxide sensor z. B. from the company Continental, which is installed after the SCR catalyst.
  • the analysis takes advantage of the cross-sensitivity of the nitrogen oxide sensor with regard to ammonia and determines the normalized amplitude spectrum using the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT, Radix-2 Decimation in Time) and standardization.
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transformation
  • the fast Fourier transform (English: fast Fourier transform, therefore usually abbreviated to FFT) is an algorithm for the efficient calculation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). It can be used to break down a digital signal into its frequency components and then analyze them. Analogously, there is the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) for the discrete inverse Fourier transform.
  • IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform
  • the FFT has numerous applications in the fields of engineering, natural sciences and applied mathematics. It is also used in mobile radio technologies such as UMTS and LTE and in wireless data transmission, for example in WLAN radio network technology.
  • the Cooley and Tukey (Radix-2) algorithm is a classic divide-and-conquer method. The prerequisite for its use is that the number of support points or sampling points is a power of two. However, since the number of such points can generally be freely chosen within the scope of measurement methods, this is not a serious limitation.
  • the algorithm is based on the observation that the calculation of a DFT of size 2n can be broken down into two calculations of a DFT of size n (via the vector with the entries of the even and odd indices), the two partial results increasing again after the transformation a Fourier transform of size 2n.
  • Landau symbols are used in mathematics and computer science to describe the asymptotic behavior of functions and sequences. In computer science they are used in the analysis of algorithms and give a measure of the number of elementary steps or the storage units depending on the size of the input variables. Complexity theory uses them to compare different problems according to how “difficult” or complex they are to solve.
  • the Simpson rule or Simpson formula (according to Thomas Simpson), sometimes also Kepler barrel rule (according to Johannes Kepler) is a method of numerical integration in which an approximation to the integral of a function f (x) is calculated in the interval [a, b] by approximating the function f (x), which is difficult to integrate, by means of a parabola P (x) that can be integrated exactly.
  • the integral is then approximated by the integral of the parabola.
  • the Simpson rule is thus a so-called closed Newton-Cotes formula.
  • dynamic detection is implemented via high-pass filtering with subsequent magnitude and mean value formation of the nitrogen oxide signal from the nitrogen oxide sensor in front of the SCR catalytic converter.
  • the value from the dynamic detection is used to analyze the Fast Fourier transformation released and secondly the value of the threshold value is adjusted, which is compared with the quotient qint.
  • the adaptation takes place in accordance with the existing dynamics of the nitrogen oxide signal upstream of the SCR catalytic converter via a piecewise linear interpolation.
  • the parameters for the division into the two frequency ranges (lower and higher frequency components), the threshold for enabling the FFT analysis qdyn and the parameters for adjusting the threshold for comparison with the quotient qint are determined using a genetic algorithm (GA) optimized based on representative customer cycles.
  • Genetic algorithms (GA) belong to the class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). EA are heuristic search algorithms which are based on the Darwinian principle of evolution (variation, reproduction and selection) and imitate this principle on a technical level in order to solve iterative optimization problems.
  • a population is built up or initialized from a number of individuals. Each individual represents a possible solution. The suitability or evolutionary fitness of each individual is then determined according to a quality function. If the termination criterion is reached, the algorithm is stopped. Examples of termination criteria are the achievement of a target value of the quality function or the number of iterations of the algorithm. If the termination criterion is not met, a new population is created for the next iteration, also referred to as a generation in the evolutionary context.
  • the in- divides can also be mutated after the recombination.
  • the mutation can take place, for example, in such a way that random individuals are selected and individual genes of these individuals are changed again.
  • the fitness of the new individuals is determined and then selected which individuals participate in the next generation with regard to their evolutionary fitness.
  • the termination criterion is checked again and the algorithm continues until the termination criterion is met.
  • the fitness function for optimizing the NH3 detection results from the sum of the correspondences between the detection of the virtual NH3 sensor and the comparison of the measured ammonia on the test bench. In other words, if the NH3 within the evaluated measurement window is above 10 ppm on average, the reference shows a logical 1 and otherwise a 0.
  • the virtual parameterization of the NH3 sensor is now designed by the GA so that it references the reference as often as possible matches.
  • the two following figures (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) show on the one hand the "standard driving cycle", which consists of 5 customer cycles and on the other hand the Non-Road Transient Cycle (NRTC).
  • the detection result of the software solution is compared with the detection result of the ammonia sensor from Delphi in the bottom diagram of the images.
  • the sensor shows an excess of ammonia if the sensor has measured an ammonia value of 10 ppm on average over 100 s.
  • the detection of the software solution largely coincides with the detection of the sensor and detects all excess ammonia situations and all situations in which there is no excess ammonia of more than 10 ppm on average.
  • the software solution delivers a result comparable to that of the NH3 sensor with regard to the qualitative statement of whether there is an excess of ammonia or not and is therefore suitable for use in the overall control strategy for the SCR catalyst for detecting an excess of ammonia.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur à combustion interne muni d'un système de post-traitement de gaz d'échappement, comprenant dans le sens d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement dans cet ordre : un dispositif de dosage d'ammoniac et/ou d'un composé se décomposant en ammoniac en tant qu'agent réducteur dans les gaz d'échappement à nettoyer ; au moins un catalyseur SCR qui forme une première unité SCR ; au moins un catalyseur SCR et/ou au moins un catalyseur d'oxydation d'ammoniac et/ou au moins un catalyseur à fuite d'ammoniac (ASC), qui forme une deuxième unité SCR, et un capteur d'oxyde d'azote (capteur NOx) pour déterminer la concentration d'oxydes d'azote (NOx) dans le tuyau d'échappement ; la quantité d'ammoniac et/ou d'un composé se décomposant en ammoniac à doser dans les gaz d'échappement est ajustée à l'aide de la concentration en oxyde d'azote dans le tuyau d'échappement déterminée au moyen du capteur NOx. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que l'occurrence ou la non-occurrence d'un excès d'ammoniac dans la région du capteur NOx peut être déterminée à partir du signal du capteur de NOx par évaluation de celui-ci.
EP19759291.8A 2018-09-20 2019-08-16 Détection dynamique d'excès d'ammoniaque à l'aide d'un algorithme logiciel pour éliminer le capteur d'ammoniaque Pending EP3853451A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018007421.9A DE102018007421B4 (de) 2018-09-20 2018-09-20 Dynamische Ammoniak-Überschuss Detektion mittels eines Software-Algorithmus zur Eliminierung des Ammoniak-Sensors
PCT/EP2019/000242 WO2020057768A1 (fr) 2018-09-20 2019-08-16 Détection dynamique d'excès d'ammoniaque à l'aide d'un algorithme logiciel pour éliminer le capteur d'ammoniaque

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3853451A1 true EP3853451A1 (fr) 2021-07-28

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JP7432291B2 (ja) 2024-02-16
KR20210058843A (ko) 2021-05-24
CN112689703B (zh) 2022-11-29
CN112689703A (zh) 2021-04-20
WO2020057768A1 (fr) 2020-03-26
US20220056830A1 (en) 2022-02-24
US11434802B2 (en) 2022-09-06
JP2022500583A (ja) 2022-01-04
DE102018007421B4 (de) 2021-07-01
DE102018007421A1 (de) 2020-03-26

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