Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
  • B60L7/003—Dynamic electric braking by short circuiting the motor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
  • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
  • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
  • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
  • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
  • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
  • H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
  • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
  • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
  • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
  • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
  • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
  • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
  • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
  • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
  • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
  • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
  • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
  • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
  • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
  • H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
  • H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
  • H02P23/0004—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
  • H02P23/0027—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control using different modes of control depending on a parameter, e.g. the speed
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
  • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
  • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
  • H02P3/18—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor
  • H02P3/22—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter for stopping or slowing an ac motor by short-circuit or resistive braking
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2210/00—Converter types
  • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
  • B60L2210/44—Current source inverters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
  • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
  • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
  • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
  • B60L2260/26—Transition between different drive modes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a control device for an inverter, which comprises three half bridges, each with a first power switching element connected to a first DC voltage potential and with a second power switching element connected to a second DC voltage potential, the control device for driving the power switching elements is set up for converting a DC voltage present between the DC voltage potentials into a multi-phase AC current in a normal operating mode and for converting the inverter from the normal operating mode into a safe operating mode.
• the invention relates to an inverter for a vehicle, a vehicle and a method for operating an inverter.
• Inverters are used to convert a DC voltage applied to a DC voltage input into a multi-phase AC current.
• an inverter for supplying an electrical machine in a drive train of an electrically drivable vehicle, there is a requirement to convert the inverter from this normal operating mode to a safe operating mode. This may be necessary after a fault in the drive train or to protect the drive train.
• the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying an improved possibility of realizing a safe operating mode, high phase currents and a high intermediate circuit voltage in particular being avoided.
• control device of the type mentioned at the outset that the control device is also set up to alternately control the power switching elements in the safe operating mode for switching single-phase active short circuits and for switching two-phase active short circuits.
• the invention is based on the knowledge that when switching a single-phase or a two-phase short circuit, transient phase currents can also arise. However, their characteristics differ considerably.
• the invention makes use of this difference and switches alternately between the single-phase active short circuit in the two-phase active short circuit, so that the generation of high phase currents can be limited in such a way that it falls below the permissible maximum values for the operation of the inverter or of a drive train having the inverter.
• the phase currents induced by the inductivities of the electrical machine decay rapidly when controlled by the control device according to the invention, without exceeding the maximum permissible values. Overdimensioning of components of the inverter can thus occur or a drive train having the inverter can be avoided. A high level of safety is thus achieved without expensive components, such as high-temperature magnets and / or particularly current-resistant power switching elements. At the same time, alternating switching is relatively easy to implement and is largely independent of the last operating state in normal operating mode. This results in further advantages, such as a reduction in costs, the development effort, the installation space, in particular for an intermediate circuit capacitor, as well as the elimination of the use of complex components and a long durability and robustness of the drive train.
• the power switching elements expediently comprise bipolar transistors with insulated gate (IGBT) or power MOSFET.
• the first and the second direct voltage potential are different.
• the first DC voltage potential is typically lower than the second DC voltage potential.
• the first DC voltage potential can also be higher than the second DC voltage potential.
• the control device is preferably also configured to transfer the inverter from the normal operating mode into the safe operating mode when it receives a control signal indicating the transfer, in particular from an external control device.
• the control device is preferably also configured to control a first power switching element for conducting when switching a single-phase active short circuit and to control two first power switching elements for conducting when switching a two-phase active short circuit.
• both the single-phase and the two-phase short circuits are carried out by power switching elements connected to the same DC voltage potential.
• the control device is set up not to control the first power switching element which is activated for conducting when the single-phase active short circuit is switched when the two-phase active short circuit is switched.
• the power switching elements that are not controlled for control are controlled for blocking.
• the control device can advantageously also be set up to control the power switching elements at the beginning of the safe operating mode first to switch a single-phase active short circuit. This enables a particularly rapid decay of the energy stored in the windings of the electrical machine at the beginning of the safe operating mode.
• control device is also set up to determine phase current values of the multiphase alternating current and to select a power switching element for the first single-phase active short circuit, the half bridge of which carries the largest phase current in terms of amount when it is switched to the safe operating mode.
• the electrical energy of the phase which has the highest phase current in terms of amount at the time of the request for the safe state is advantageously converted first.
• the control device is also set up to switch the single-phase active short-circuits for a first time period and the two-phase active short-circuits for a second time period that differs from the first time period.
• the first is particularly preferred Time span or the second time span at most 45%, particularly preferably at most 40%, of the sum of the first and the second time span.
• the inverter has three further half bridges, each with first power switching elements and with second ones Power switching element, wherein the control device is further configured to control the power switching elements of the further half bridges in the safe operating mode for switching single-phase active short circuits when the power switching elements of the first half bridges are controlled for switching the two-phase active short circuit, and for switching two-phase active ones To control short circuits if the power switching elements of the first half bridges are activated to switch the single-phase active short circuit.
• the current flows in the safe operating mode can be distributed particularly evenly.
• the invention relates to an inverter for a vehicle, comprising three half bridges, each with a first power switching element connected to a first DC voltage potential and with a second power switching element connected to a second DC voltage potential, and a control device according to the invention.
• the invention further relates to a vehicle comprising an electrical machine that is set up to drive the vehicle and an inverter according to the invention that is set up to supply the electrical machine
• the invention also relates to a method for operating an inverter, which comprises three half bridges, each with a first power switching element connected to a first DC voltage potential and with a second power switching element connected to a second DC voltage potential, comprising the following steps:
• FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a first exemplary embodiment of the inverter according to the invention with an exemplary embodiment of the control device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a pulse diagram over time for the activation of power switching elements of the inverter shown in FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 shows profiles of phase currents and a torque during operation of the inverter shown in FIG. 1;
• FIG. 4 shows a locus of the phase currents in dq coordinates during operation of the inverter shown in FIG. 1;
• Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the vehicle according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of an inverter 1 with an embodiment of a control device 2.
• the inverter 1 comprises a DC voltage input 3, an AC voltage output 4, a power unit 5 and an intermediate circuit capacitor 6 which is connected in parallel to the DC voltage input 3.
• the inverter 1 converts a voltage U present at the DC voltage input 3 and made available by a flochvolt battery 7 into a multiphase, here three-phase, alternating current provided at its AC output 4.
• the power unit 5 comprises three void bridges 9u, 9v, 9w, each consisting of a series connection of first power switching elements 11 u, 11 v, connected to a first DC voltage potential 10 of the DC voltage input 3,
• the first DC voltage potential 10 is the potential provided for connection to a negative pole of the flochvolt battery 7 and the second DC voltage potential 12 is the potential provided for connection to a positive pole of the high-voltage battery 7.
• the potential provided for connection to the negative pole and the power switching elements connected therewith can also be used as second direct voltage potential or as second power switching elements and the potential provided for connection to the positive pole and the power switching elements connected therewith as the first, without further changes or restrictions DC potential or used as the first power switching elements.
• Each power switching element 1 1 u, 1 1 v, 1 1w, 13u, 13v, 13w comprises a bipolar transistor with an insulated gate (IGBT) 14 and a free-wheeling diode 15 connected in parallel thereto.
• a respective power switching element 1 1 u, 1 1 v, 1 1w, 13u, 13v, 13w can be realized by a power MOSFET.
• a center attack 16 of a respective void bridge 1 1 u, 1 1 v, 1 1w is connected to the alternating voltage output 4, at which phase currents l u , l v , Iw of the multiphase alternating current are provided for the electrical machine 8.
• the control device 2 is set up to control the power switching elements 1 1 u, 1 1 v, 1 1w, 13u, 13v, 13w in a normal operating mode for converting the direct voltage U present at the direct voltage input 3 into the multiphase alternating current present at the alternating current output 4.
• the control device 2 is connected to a control input 17 of a respective power switching element 1 1 u, 1 1 v, 1 1w, 13u, 13v, 13w.
• the transfer of the inverter 1 from the normal operating mode into a safe operating mode is initiated.
• the control device is set up to control the power switching elements 1 1 u, 1 1 v, 1 1w, 13u, 13v, 13w alternately for switching single-phase active short-circuits and for switching two-phase active short-circuits in safe operating mode.
• the control device applies this switching strategy as soon as it receives a signal 19 from the control unit 18 which indicates the transition to the safe operating mode.
• a single-phase active short circuit is generally characterized in that a first power switching element 1 1 u, 1 1 v, 1 1 w or a second power switching element 13u, 13v, 13w is driven for conduction, while all other power switching elements 1 1 u , 1 1 v, 1 1w, 13u, 13v, 13w can be controlled for locking.
• a pulse profile 20u is the first power switching element 11 u and a pulse profile 20v is the first Power switching element 11v and a pulse profile 20w are assigned to the first power switching element 11w.
• a pulse profile 21 u is assigned to the second power switching element 13u, a pulse profile 20v to the second power switching element 21 v and a pulse profile 21 w to the second power switching element 13w.
• the control device 2 receives the signal 19 and then ends the normal operating mode shown for times t ⁇ to.
• the control device 2 first determines which phase current l u , l v , Iw is the largest in terms of amount at the time to, on the basis of target values specified for the normal operating mode. In the present case, this is the phase current I w (cf. FIG. 3).
• the half-bridge 9w associated with this phase current a single-phase active short circuit is first switched for a first period between the time to and a time ti.
• the control device 2 controls the first power switching element 11w for conducting and the other power switching elements 11 u, 11 v, 13u, 13v, 13w for blocking.
• control device 2 controls the two other first power switching elements 11 u, 11v for conducting and the other power switching elements 11w, 13u, 13v, 13b for blocking for a second period between the time ti and a time t2.
• This pulse sequence continues periodically after the time t2.
• FIG. 3 shows profiles of the phase currents l u ,, l w and a torque M of the electrical machine 8 over the time t, the time axes in FIG. 3 being compressed by a factor of 10 compared to those in FIG. 2. 2 therefore shows the pulse slide 3 ms over the duration, whereas Fig. 3 shows the courses over a duration of about 10 ms.
• the current and torque values shown result from a purely exemplary configuration.
• FIG. 4 is a locus of space vector currents I d , l q which result from a dq transformation of the phase currents l u , lv, Iw.
• the space vector currents I d , l q are guided in a very direct way close to the zero vector in order to implement the safe state.
• FIG. 5 shows courses of the phase currents l u , lv, Iw and the torque M over the time t
• FIG. 6 shows a locus of the space vector currents I d , l q in dq coordinates if instead of the change between the single-phase active short circuit and the two-phase active short circuit, as is known in the prior art, a complete, that is to say triple, active short circuit is switched. Obviously there are considerable overshoots of the phase currents l u , l v , Iw and undesirable torque changes.
• the locus also shows that the space vector currents I d , l q only approach a steady state with a q component close to zero in a damped-oscillating manner.
• the inverter 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a total of six half bridges for providing a six-phase alternating current for the electrical machine 8.
• the first three half-bridges 9u, 9v, 9w are driven in the safe operating mode as described above and the other three half-bridges (not shown) deviate in such a way that first the two-phase active short circuit and then the single-phase active short circuit is switched.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle 22, which, analogous to FIG. 1, an inverter 1 according to one of the previously described exemplary embodiments, an electrical machine 8, a high-voltage battery 7 and a control unit 18, which as a higher-level control unit, activates a signal 19 provides a safe operating mode.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Inverter Devices (AREA)
• Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=67998487

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Family Cites Families (19)

• 2018
  • 2018-09-20 DE DE102018123207.1A patent/DE102018123207A1/de active Pending
• 2019
  • 2019-09-19 US US17/277,549 patent/US11855555B2/en active Active
  • 2019-09-19 CN CN201980061715.9A patent/CN112739568B/zh active Active
  • 2019-09-19 WO PCT/EP2019/075241 patent/WO2020058445A1/de unknown
  • 2019-09-19 EP EP19772721.7A patent/EP3853058A1/de active Pending

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