EP3851584A1 - Road finisher with compression control - Google Patents
Road finisher with compression control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3851584A1 EP3851584A1 EP20152122.6A EP20152122A EP3851584A1 EP 3851584 A1 EP3851584 A1 EP 3851584A1 EP 20152122 A EP20152122 A EP 20152122A EP 3851584 A1 EP3851584 A1 EP 3851584A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer thickness
- screed
- control system
- paving
- compaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 11
- SEQDDYPDSLOBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Temazepam Chemical compound N=1C(O)C(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 SEQDDYPDSLOBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009490 roller compaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008713 feedback mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000028755 loss of height Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000547 structure data Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/48—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/48—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ
- E01C19/4833—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ with tamping or vibrating means for consolidating or finishing, e.g. immersed vibrators, with or without non-vibratory or non-percussive pressing or smoothing means
- E01C19/4853—Apparatus designed for railless operation, e.g. crawler-mounted, provided with portable trackway arrangements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C19/00—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving
- E01C19/48—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ
- E01C19/4806—Machines, tools or auxiliary devices for preparing or distributing paving materials, for working the placed materials, or for forming, consolidating, or finishing the paving for laying-down the materials and consolidating them, or finishing the surface, e.g. slip forms therefor, forming kerbs or gutters in a continuous operation in situ with solely rollers for consolidating or finishing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/01—Devices or auxiliary means for setting-out or checking the configuration of new surfacing, e.g. templates, screed or reference line supports; Applications of apparatus for measuring, indicating, or recording the surface configuration of existing surfacing, e.g. profilographs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
- E01C23/07—Apparatus combining measurement of the surface configuration of paving with application of material in proportion to the measured irregularities
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a road paver and a method for operating a road paver.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a paver with an improved control system and an improved method for operating a paver.
- a paver according to the invention comprises a screed, the screed comprising a tamper.
- the road paver further comprises a GNSS receiver (Global Navigation Satellite System Receiver), a material conveyor and an electronic control system which comprises a memory and a data processor.
- the memory contains digital building data, in particular a target height profile of a road surface to be produced, a target layer thickness of the paving material and, if necessary, a height profile of a subgrade are stored.
- the control system is configured to automatically control the compaction performance of the paving screed as a function of the nominal layer thickness in order to pave the paving material for the respective local coordinate point of the road paver determined with the GNSS receiver.
- the nominal layer thickness is variable, so that a flat surface or a flat road surface is obtained.
- the compaction performance of the screed can now be controlled in such a way that where the subgrade has a depression, i.e. a greater layer thickness has to be built, the material is paved with a higher degree of compaction than in an area where the subgrade is raised and therefore the layer thickness is lower.
- the degrees of compaction are expediently selected in such a way that during the subsequent re-compaction by a roller, all areas are compressed by the same absolute value, i.e. the roller dimension is the same everywhere, i.e. the areas of higher layer thickness are compressed and re-compacted less in percentage by the roller than the areas lower Layer thickness. This means that the material can be paved with a level surface and this evenness is also maintained during subsequent compaction, since the road surface is sunk to the same extent everywhere.
- a degree of precompression for a respective location coordinate point is preferably stored in the memory of the control system.
- the values do not have to be calculated first, but the corresponding control signals can be transmitted directly to the components of the road paver that are relevant for setting the degree of compaction.
- the road paver has a sensor for measuring an actual layer thickness of paving material, the control system being configured to calculate a deviation of the actual layer thickness from the target layer thickness.
- the paving material can be installed exactly with the desired target layer thickness, i.e. until the deviation between the actual and target layer thickness is zero.
- ultrasonic sensors, mechanical touch sensors, laser sensors or other suitable sensors that work with or without an external reference point can be used.
- the control system is preferably configured to automatically adjust the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the tamper frequency and / or the tamper stroke.
- the tamper tampers the mix under the paving screed, thus ensuring a sufficient amount of paving material and compacting it.
- the screed comprises a screed plate and / or a pressure bar and the control system is configured to automatically adjust the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the vibration frequency and / or amplitude of the screed sheet and / or the pressure bar pressure. High degrees of compression can be achieved with these devices.
- control system is configured to automatically adjust the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the paving speed.
- the paving speed determines the duration of action of the compaction units tamper, screed plate and pressure bar and is particularly suitable for adapting the settings to a required working width.
- the paving material can be installed with a known degree of precompaction that depends on the layer thickness. In this way, the loss of height due to the subsequent compaction with a roller can be predicted and the paving material can be installed with a layer that is greater than the thickness of the roller. What is achieved here is that the rolling dimension is the same for all spatial coordinate points.
- one or more target layer thicknesses of the upcoming, i.e. further forward in the direction of travel, local coordinate points can be taken into account in addition to the nominal layer thickness of the respective spatial coordinate point or the current position. Likewise can one or more previous values can also be used to ensure a steady surface curve.
- the installation of the paving material preferably includes the detection of an actual layer thickness by means of a sensor and the calculation of a difference between the actual layer thickness and the target layer thickness and that the road paver is automatically controlled to minimize the difference.
- the essential parameters of the paving operation namely the layer thickness and the degree of pre-compaction, can be monitored and controlled automatically. This allows the paver operator to pay more attention to other tasks to be performed in the paving operation. It is conceivable to have the current values of the paving parameters, in particular layer thickness and degree of precompaction, shown on a display so that an operator can read them and also intervene in the automatic control and change the parameters. Because the course, i.e.
- the electronic control system automatically adjusts the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the tamper frequency and / or the tamper stroke.
- the tamper can be seen as the first stage of screed compaction. On the one hand, it influences the amount of paving material that gets under the screed. On the other hand, it pre-compresses the paving material.
- control system automatically sets the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the vibration frequency and / or amplitude of the screed plate and / or the pressure bar pressure. In this way, high degrees of compaction can be achieved even with thicker layers.
- control system automatically adjusts the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the paving speed.
- the paving speed can be set as a function of the target layer thickness.
- the digital building data which include the height profile of the subgrade, are transferred from an external data processing system at the beginning of the method transferred to the memory of the electronic control system via radio or cable connection.
- the external data processing system can be, for example, a laptop, tablet, mobile phone, stationary personal computer, server or the like, and the radio transmission can take place by means of RFID, Bluetooth, WLAN, cellular connection or the like.
- the subgrade data which were previously determined by means of a surface scan with an independent vehicle, for example, can be analyzed, processed and supplemented with calculated data that is dependent on it. This can take place, for example, at a central location for construction site monitoring and the data can then be transmitted to the paver at the construction site.
- an external data processing system is used to calculate the respective compaction performance as a function of the determined target layer thickness and / or assign the respective compaction performance to a spatial coordinate point as a function of the target layer thickness and the data are then transferred to the memory of the electronic control system.
- the compaction performance and thus the degree of pre-compaction can therefore always be calculated or taken from a table-like data set. Calculating by means of an external system has the advantage that the necessary devices can easily be kept available and the data can also be displayed, analyzed and processed using appropriate EDP devices.
- the respective compaction output is calculated as a function of the determined target layer thickness by means of the electronic control system and / or the respective compaction output is assigned to a spatial coordinate point as a function of the target layer thickness.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic side view of a road paver 1, with a lower area in a sectional view showing a material bunker 3 with paving material 5, and the paving material 5 is conveyed by means of a material conveyor 7 through a tunnel 9 to the rear in front of a paving screed 11 and there by a distribution auger 12 is evenly distributed.
- the road finisher 1 also includes a GNSS receiver 13 which is connected to an electronic control system 15.
- the electronic control system 15 comprises a memory 17 and a data processor 19.
- the screed 11 comprises a tamper 21, a screed plate 23, and a pressure bar 25, several of these components also being able to be present in each case.
- the paving material 5 is pre-compacted by means of the screed 11 and paved with a layer thickness d B , which in ideal operation corresponds to the target layer thickness ds, on a subgrade 27 as a road surface 28, the target layer thickness ds being one rolling dimension s higher than the desired one Final layer thickness d E , which is present after re-compaction by a roller.
- a sensor 29, which can be attached to the paving screed 11 or the chassis of the paver 1, is used to measure the actual layer thickness d I of the paving material 5.
- the sensor 29 can also be attached so that it determines the actual layer thickness d I measures even during paving, and so the screed 11 can be readjusted.
- An external data processing system 31 for example a laptop, can be used to send and receive building data by means of a radio link via antennas 33 on the paver finisher 1 and on the data processing system 31, whereby the antennas 33 can also be suitable for receiving satellite signals for position determination, or via a cable connection 35, may be provided.
- FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional view of digital building data 37.
- the planum 27 has an elevation profile 39 which includes elevation data for individual location coordinate points 41.
- This height profile 39 can have been obtained by a previous surface scan using an external vehicle.
- a corresponding scanning device it is also possible for a corresponding scanning device to be attached to the road finisher 1 itself and for the surface scan to take place for a part of the subgrade 27 further forward in the direction of travel, while paving material 5 is already in a rear part, based on the digital building data 37 already obtained , is installed.
- the data of the height profile 39 of the subgrade 27 are enriched with the data of a nominal height profile 43 of the road surface 28 to be produced.
- the different nominal layer thicknesses ds for the respective location coordinate points 41 are stored.
- the number of data points or location coordinate points 41 for which formation and road surface data are stored can vary depending on the technical specifications for data acquisition and processing, for example the accuracy of the GNSS, and thus represents a form of "resolution"
- the processing of the digital building data 37 includes algorithms which differentiate areas with frequent and / or greater unevenness in the subgrade 27 from areas with few changes and adjusts the number of data points proportionally, which on the one hand maintains a high information density and on the other hand the data volume is reduced.
- the position of the data points 41 in the grid can be influenced by a sensor position.
- the digital building data 37 include further data which were calculated in particular on the basis of the measured data, such as the height profile 39 of the subgrade 27, such as, for example, a desired degree of compaction per spatial coordinate point 41.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the screed compaction of paving material 5 with a level subgrade 27.
- the paving material 5 is deposited by means of the material conveyor 7 and the distribution auger 12 in front of the paving screed 11 with a bulk density ps.
- the screed 11 can be used without significant changes to the paving parameters that have been set.
- Figure 4 shows a schematic view of the roller compaction of paving material 5 or of the road surface 28 built by the screed 11 with a level subgrade 27.
- the layer thickness d B is reduced by the rolling dimension s to the final layer thickness d E, for which the roller 45 makes one or more passes.
- the density of the installation material 5 increases to the Roll density ⁇ W.
- ⁇ M is the density of the Marshall specimen, which is produced with a compacting device under laboratory conditions.
- the density ⁇ M essentially corresponds to the maximum density of the paving material 5.
- the degree of compaction k B , k W indicates how many percent of the maximum density ⁇ M the paving material 5 is brought to with the respective machine, screed 11 or roller 45.
- Figure 6 shows a schematic view of the plank compaction of paving material 5 with an uneven subgrade 27.
- the layer thicknesses d B1 and d B2 are specified in order to obtain a level road surface 28 at a desired level.
- the rolling dimension s, by which the height of the road surface 28 is reduced by the roller compaction, is expediently taken into account.
- the respective degrees of compression k B1 and k B2 are calculated according to equation 1.
- the electronic control system 15 is able to regulate the compaction performance of the screed 11 by controlling one or more of the compaction units 21, 23, 25 and thus produce the respective calculated degree of compaction k B at the point known from the three-dimensional structure data 37.
- the degree of compaction k B and thus the density ⁇ B are built in as a function of the layer thickness d B in order to obtain a uniform rolling dimension s everywhere during the subsequent re-compaction by the roller 45.
- Figure 7 shows a schematic view of the roll compaction of paving material 5 with an uneven subgrade 27.
- the rolling dimension s is the same everywhere due to the adjusted degrees of compaction k B1 , k B2.
- the road surface 28 already paved by the screed 11 is therefore re-compacted by the roller 45 while maintaining this longitudinal evenness.
- the road surface 28 is present with a uniform density ⁇ W and a uniform degree of compaction kw as well as the final layer thickness d E, which is variable depending on the subgrade 27.
Abstract
Straßenfertiger (1) mit einer Einbaubohle (11), wobei die Einbaubohle (11) einen Tamper (21) umfasst, und der Straßenfertiger (1) des Weiteren einen GNSS-Empfänger (13) sowie einen Materialförderer (7) umfasst. Der Straßenfertiger (1) umfasst des Weiteren ein elektronisches Steuerungssystem (15), welches einen Speicher (17) und einen Datenprozessor (19) umfasst, wobei in dem Speicher (17) digitale Bauwerksdaten (37), insbesondere ein Soll-Höhenprofil (43) eines zu fertigenden Straßenbelags (28), eine Soll-Schichtstärke (d<sub>S</sub>) des Einbaumaterials (5) und gegebenenfalls ein Höhenprofil (39) eines Planums (27) gespeichert sind. Das Steuerungssystem (15) ist dazu konfiguriert, die Verdichtungsleistung der Einbaubohle (11) in Abhängigkeit der Soll-Schichtstärke (d<sub>S</sub>) automatisch zu steuern, um das Einbaumaterial (5) für den jeweiligen mit dem GNSS-Empfänger (13) ermittelten Ortskoordinatenpunkt (41) des Straßenfertigers (1) einzubauen.Road paver (1) with a paving screed (11), the paving screed (11) comprising a tamper (21), and the paving machine (1) further comprising a GNSS receiver (13) and a material conveyor (7). The road finisher (1) furthermore comprises an electronic control system (15) which comprises a memory (17) and a data processor (19), with digital building data (37), in particular a desired height profile (43) in the memory (17). a road surface (28) to be produced, a nominal layer thickness (d <sub> S </sub>) of the paving material (5) and, if necessary, a height profile (39) of a subgrade (27) are stored. The control system (15) is configured to automatically control the compaction performance of the screed (11) as a function of the target layer thickness (d <sub> S </sub>) in order to determine the paving material (5) for the respective with the GNSS Receiver (13) determined location coordinate point (41) of the paver finisher (1) to be installed.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Straßenfertiger sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Straßenfertigers.The present invention relates to a road paver and a method for operating a road paver.
Im Straßenbau findet man häufig ein Planum, also einen für den Auftrag eines Straßenbelags vorbereiteten Untergrund, vor, welcher noch Unebenheiten aufweist. Demzufolge müssen beim Einbau des Straßenbelags diese Unebenheiten ausgeglichen werden, um eine ebene Fahrbahnoberfläche zu erhalten. Dazu ist es bislang bekannt, die Nivellierzylinder eines Straßenfertigers anzusteuern, um mittels konventioneller Nivellierung die Schichtdicke des Straßenbelags zu variieren, so dass Vertiefungen mit einer dickeren und Erhebungen mit einer dünneren Schicht von Einbaumaterial ausgeglichen werden, so dass insgesamt ein vollständig ebener Fahrbahnbelag eingebaut wird. Dies hat sich jedoch als nachteilig erwiesen, da beim anschließenden Nachverdichten mittels einer Walze erneut Unebenheiten im eingebauten Fahrbahnbelag entstehen, da die dickeren Schichten ein höheres Walzmaß, d.h. eine absolute Abnahme der Schichtdicke durch die Verdichtungsleistung der Walze, aufweisen als dünnere Schichten.In road construction, one often finds a subgrade, i.e. a substrate prepared for the application of a road surface, which is still uneven. As a result, these unevenness must be leveled out when paving the road in order to obtain a level road surface. To this end, it has hitherto been known to control the leveling cylinder of a road paver in order to vary the layer thickness of the road surface by means of conventional leveling, so that depressions with a thicker layer and elevations with a thinner layer of paving material are compensated, so that a completely flat pavement is paved overall. However, this has proven to be disadvantageous, since the subsequent recompaction by means of a roller again results in unevenness in the built-in road surface, since the thicker layers have a higher rolling dimension, i.e. an absolute decrease in layer thickness due to the compaction performance of the roller, than thinner layers.
Aus der
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen Straßenfertiger mit einem verbesserten Steuerungssystem sowie ein verbessertes Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Straßenfertigers bereitzustellen.The object of the present invention is to provide a paver with an improved control system and an improved method for operating a paver.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe durch einen Straßenfertiger mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie einem Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Straßenfertigers mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Straßenfertiger umfasst eine Einbaubohle, wobei die Einbaubohle einen Tamper umfasst. Der Straßenfertiger umfasst des Weiteren einen GNSS-Empfänger (Globales Navigations-Satelliten-System Empfänger), einen Materialförderer und ein elektronisches Steuerungssystem, welches einen Speicher und einen Datenprozessor umfasst. In dem Speicher sind digitale Bauwerksdaten, insbesondere ein Soll-Höhenprofil eines zu fertigenden Straßenbelags, eine Soll-Schichtstärke des Einbaumaterials und gegebenenfalls ein Höhenprofil eines Planums gespeichert. Das Steuerungssystem ist dazu konfiguriert, die Verdichtungsleistung der Einbaubohle in Abhängigkeit der Soll-Schichtstärke automatisch zu steuern, um das Einbaumaterial für den jeweiligen mit dem GNSS-Empfänger ermittelten Ortskoordinatenpunkt des Straßenfertigers einzubauen.The object is achieved by a road paver with the features of claim 1 and a method for operating a road paver with the features of
A paver according to the invention comprises a screed, the screed comprising a tamper. The road paver further comprises a GNSS receiver (Global Navigation Satellite System Receiver), a material conveyor and an electronic control system which comprises a memory and a data processor. The memory contains digital building data, in particular a target height profile of a road surface to be produced, a target layer thickness of the paving material and, if necessary, a height profile of a subgrade are stored. The control system is configured to automatically control the compaction performance of the paving screed as a function of the nominal layer thickness in order to pave the paving material for the respective local coordinate point of the road paver determined with the GNSS receiver.
Bei einem unebenen Planum ist die Soll-Schichtstärke variabel, so dass eine ebene Oberfläche bzw. ein ebener Fahrbahnbelag erhalten wird. Die Verdichtungsleistung der Einbaubohle kann nun so gesteuert werden, dass dort, wo das Planum eine Vertiefung aufweist, also eine größere Schichtstärke eingebaut werden muss, das Material mit einem höherem Verdichtungsgrad eingebaut wird als in einem Bereich einer Erhöhung des Planums und somit geringerer Schichtstärke. Die Verdichtungsgrade werden dabei zweckmäßig so gewählt, dass beim anschließenden Nachverdichten durch eine Walze alle Bereiche um den gleichen Absolutwert komprimiert werden, das Walzmaß also überall gleich groß ist, also die Bereiche höherer Schichtstärke prozentual weniger durch die Walze komprimiert und nachverdichtet werden als die Bereiche niedrigerer Schichtstärke. Somit kann der Einbau des Materials mit einer ebenen Oberfläche erfolgen und diese Ebenheit wird auch beim Nachverdichten beibehalten, da sich der Fahrbahnbelag überall gleich stark absenkt.In the case of an uneven subgrade, the nominal layer thickness is variable, so that a flat surface or a flat road surface is obtained. The compaction performance of the screed can now be controlled in such a way that where the subgrade has a depression, i.e. a greater layer thickness has to be built, the material is paved with a higher degree of compaction than in an area where the subgrade is raised and therefore the layer thickness is lower. The degrees of compaction are expediently selected in such a way that during the subsequent re-compaction by a roller, all areas are compressed by the same absolute value, i.e. the roller dimension is the same everywhere, i.e. the areas of higher layer thickness are compressed and re-compacted less in percentage by the roller than the areas lower Layer thickness. This means that the material can be paved with a level surface and this evenness is also maintained during subsequent compaction, since the road surface is sunk to the same extent everywhere.
Vorzugsweise ist in dem Speicher des Steuerungssystems ein Vorverdichtungsgrad für einen jeweiligen Ortskoordinatenpunkt gespeichert. Somit müssen die Werte nicht erst berechnet werden, sondern es können direkt die entsprechenden Steuerungssignale an die zur Einstellung des Verdichtungsgrads relevanten Komponenten des Straßenfertiges übermittelt werden.A degree of precompression for a respective location coordinate point is preferably stored in the memory of the control system. Thus, the values do not have to be calculated first, but the corresponding control signals can be transmitted directly to the components of the road paver that are relevant for setting the degree of compaction.
In einer zweckmäßigen Variante weist der Straßenfertiger einen Sensor zur Messung einer Ist-Schichtstärke von Einbaumaterial auf, wobei das Steuerungssystem dazu konfiguriert ist, eine Abweichung der Ist-Schichtstärke von der Soll-Schichtstärke zu berechnen. So kann mit einem Rückkopplungsmechanismus das Einbaumaterial mit der gewünschten Soll-Schichtstärke, also bis die Abweichung von Ist- und Soll-Schichtstärke gleich Null ist, exakt eingebaut werden. Es sind dazu Ultraschallsensoren, mechanische Tastsensoren, Lasersensoren oder andere geeignete Sensoren, welche mit oder ohne externen Bezugspunkt arbeiten, verwendbar.In an expedient variant, the road paver has a sensor for measuring an actual layer thickness of paving material, the control system being configured to calculate a deviation of the actual layer thickness from the target layer thickness. With a feedback mechanism, the paving material can be installed exactly with the desired target layer thickness, i.e. until the deviation between the actual and target layer thickness is zero. For this purpose, ultrasonic sensors, mechanical touch sensors, laser sensors or other suitable sensors that work with or without an external reference point can be used.
Bevorzugt ist das Steuerungssystem dazu konfiguriert, die Verdichtungsleistung der Einbaubohle durch Steuerung der Tamperfrequenz und/oder des Tamperhubs automatisch einzustellen. Der Tamper stampft das Mischgut unter die Einbaubohle und sorgt damit für eine ausreichende Menge an Einbaumaterial und verdichtet dieses.The control system is preferably configured to automatically adjust the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the tamper frequency and / or the tamper stroke. The tamper tampers the mix under the paving screed, thus ensuring a sufficient amount of paving material and compacting it.
In einer vorteilhaften Variante umfasst die Einbaubohle ein Glättblech und/oder eine Pressleiste und das Steuerungssystem ist dazu konfiguriert, die Verdichtungsleistung der Einbaubohle durch Steuerung der Vibrationsfrequenz und/oder -amplitude des Glättblechs und/oder des Pressleistendrucks automatisch einzustellen. Durch diese Vorrichtungen können Hochverdichtungsgrade erreicht werden.In an advantageous variant, the screed comprises a screed plate and / or a pressure bar and the control system is configured to automatically adjust the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the vibration frequency and / or amplitude of the screed sheet and / or the pressure bar pressure. High degrees of compression can be achieved with these devices.
In einer weiteren Variante ist das Steuerungssystem dazu konfiguriert ist, die Verdichtungsleistung der Einbaubohle durch Steuerung der Einbaugeschwindigkeit automatisch einzustellen. Die Einbaugeschwindigkeit bestimmt die Einwirkdauer der Verdichtungsaggregate Tamper, Glättblech und Pressleiste und ist besonders geeignet zur Anpassung der Einstellungen an eine erforderliche Arbeitsbreite.In a further variant, the control system is configured to automatically adjust the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the paving speed. The paving speed determines the duration of action of the compaction units tamper, screed plate and pressure bar and is particularly suitable for adapting the settings to a required working width.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Straßenfertigers, insbesondere eines Straßenfertigers nach einer der oben beschriebenen Ausführungsformen, umfasst folgende Verfahrensschritte:
- Vorhalten von digitalen Bauwerksdaten, insbesondere ein Höhenprofil eines Planums, in einem Speicher eines elektronischen Steuerungssystems,
- Vorhalten von digitalen Bauwerksdaten, insbesondere ein Soll-Höhenprofil eines zu fertigenden Straßenbelags sowie eine Soll-Schichtstärke eines Einbaumaterials für die Ortskoordinatenpunkte des Planums,
- Einbau des Einbaumaterials, wobei die jeweilige aktuelle Position des Straßenfertigers mittels eines GNSS-Empfängers ermittelt wird und das elektronische Steuerungssystem die Verdichtungsleistung der Einbaubohle in Abhängigkeit der Soll-Schichtstärke automatisch steuert, um das Einbaumaterial mit einem jeweiligen Vorverdichtungsgrad einzubauen.
- Preservation of digital building data, in particular a height profile of a subgrade, in a memory of an electronic control system,
- Provision of digital building data, in particular a target height profile of a road surface to be produced and a target layer thickness of a paving material for the local coordinate points of the subgrade,
- Paving the paving material, whereby the current position of the paver finisher is determined by means of a GNSS receiver and the electronic control system automatically controls the compaction performance of the screed depending on the target layer thickness in order to pave the paving material with a respective degree of pre-compaction.
Wie oben bereits erwähnt, kann so der Einbau des Einbaumaterials mit einem bekannten und von der Schichtstärke abhängigen Vorverdichtungsgrad erfolgen. Damit kann auch der Höhenverlust durch die Nachverdichtung mit einer Walze vorhergesagt werden und das Einbaumaterial mit einer um das Walzmaß größeren Schichtstärke eingebaut werden. Dabei wird erreicht, dass das Walzmaß für alle Ortskoordinatenpunkte gleich ist. Zur Berechnung und Steuerung der Verdichtungsleistung können neben der Soll-Schichtstärke des jeweiligen Ortskoordinatenpunkts bzw. der aktuellen Position auch ein oder mehrere Soll-Schichtstärken der kommenden, also in Fahrtrichtung weiter vorne liegenden Ortskoordinatenpunkte, berücksichtigt werden. Ebenso können auch ein oder mehrere zurückliegende Werte verwendet werden, um einen stetigen Verlauf der Oberfläche zu gewährleisten.As already mentioned above, the paving material can be installed with a known degree of precompaction that depends on the layer thickness. In this way, the loss of height due to the subsequent compaction with a roller can be predicted and the paving material can be installed with a layer that is greater than the thickness of the roller. What is achieved here is that the rolling dimension is the same for all spatial coordinate points. In order to calculate and control the compaction performance, one or more target layer thicknesses of the upcoming, i.e. further forward in the direction of travel, local coordinate points can be taken into account in addition to the nominal layer thickness of the respective spatial coordinate point or the current position. Likewise can one or more previous values can also be used to ensure a steady surface curve.
Vorzugsweise umfasst der Einbau des Einbaumaterials das Erfassen einer Ist-Schichtstärke mittels eines Sensors und das Berechnen einer Differenz der Ist-Schichtstärke mit der Soll-Schichtstärke und dass der Straßenfertiger zur Minimierung der Differenz automatisch gesteuert wird. Somit können die wesentlichen Parameter des Einbaubetriebs, nämlich die Schichtstärke und der Vorverdichtungsgrad automatisch überwacht und gesteuert werden. Damit kann der Bediener des Straßenfertigers mehr Aufmerksamkeit anderen zu erledigenden Aufgaben im Einbaubetrieb widmen. Dabei ist es denkbar, die momentanen Werte der Einbauparameter, insbesondere Schichtstärke und Vorverdichtungsgrad, auf einem Display anzeigen zu lassen, so dass ein Bediener diese ablesen und auch in die automatische Steuerung eingreifen und die Parameter verändern kann. Dadurch, dass der Verlauf, also insbesondere auch die zur aktuellen Position noch folgenden Werte, der Soll-Schichtstärke sowie des Verdichtungsgrads entlang der Einbaustrecke bekannt ist, werden durch das Steuerungssystem alle Einstellungsänderungen automatisch vorgenommen, und Korrekturen werden zumeist nur im Rahmen eines automatischen Rückkopplungsmechanismus zum Erreichen der Sollwerte vorgenommen, wodurch eine ungewünschte Sollwertabweichung bereits verhindert wird.The installation of the paving material preferably includes the detection of an actual layer thickness by means of a sensor and the calculation of a difference between the actual layer thickness and the target layer thickness and that the road paver is automatically controlled to minimize the difference. In this way, the essential parameters of the paving operation, namely the layer thickness and the degree of pre-compaction, can be monitored and controlled automatically. This allows the paver operator to pay more attention to other tasks to be performed in the paving operation. It is conceivable to have the current values of the paving parameters, in particular layer thickness and degree of precompaction, shown on a display so that an operator can read them and also intervene in the automatic control and change the parameters. Because the course, i.e. in particular also the values that follow the current position, the target layer thickness and the degree of compaction along the paving route is known, all setting changes are made automatically by the control system, and corrections are usually only made within the framework of an automatic feedback mechanism to the Reaching the setpoints made, whereby an undesired setpoint deviation is already prevented.
In einer vorteilhaften Variante stellt das elektronische Steuerungssystem die Verdichtungsleistung der Einbaubohle durch Steuerung der Tamperfrequenz und/oder des Tamperhubs automatisch ein. Der Tamper kann als erste Stufe der Bohlenverdichtung angesehen werden. Er beeinflusst zum einen die Menge an Einbaumaterial welches unter die Bohle gelangt. Zum anderen wird durch ihn das Einbaumaterial vorverdichtet.In an advantageous variant, the electronic control system automatically adjusts the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the tamper frequency and / or the tamper stroke. The tamper can be seen as the first stage of screed compaction. On the one hand, it influences the amount of paving material that gets under the screed. On the other hand, it pre-compresses the paving material.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Variante stellt das Steuerungssystem die Verdichtungsleistung der Einbaubohle durch Steuerung der Vibrationsfrequenz und/oder -amplitude des Glättblechs und/oder des Pressleistendrucks automatisch ein. Damit können Hochverdichtungsgrade auch bei größeren Schichtstärken erreicht werden.In a further advantageous variant, the control system automatically sets the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the vibration frequency and / or amplitude of the screed plate and / or the pressure bar pressure. In this way, high degrees of compaction can be achieved even with thicker layers.
In einer weiteren Variante stellt das Steuerungssystem die Verdichtungsleistung der Einbaubohle durch Steuerung der Einbaugeschwindigkeit automatisch ein. Insbesondere kann die Einbaugeschwindigkeit in Abhängigkeit der Soll-Schichtstärke eingestellt werden.In a further variant, the control system automatically adjusts the compaction performance of the screed by controlling the paving speed. In particular, the paving speed can be set as a function of the target layer thickness.
In einer zweckmäßigen Variante werden die digitalen Bauwerksdaten, welche das Höhenprofil des Planums umfassen, zu Beginn des Verfahrens von einer externen Datenverarbeitungsanlage in den Speicher des elektronischen Steuerungssystems mittels Funk- oder Kabelverbindung übertragen. Bei der externen Datenverarbeitungsanlage kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Laptop, Tablet, Mobiltelefon, stationären Personalcomputer, Server oder ähnlichem handeln und die Funkübertragung kann mittels, RFID, Bluetooth, WLAN, Mobilfunkverbindung oder ähnlichem erfolgen. So können die Planumsdaten, welche beispielsweise zuvor mittels Oberflächenscan mit einem unabhängigen Fahrzeug ermittelt wurden, analysiert, aufbereitet und um davon abhängige, berechnete Daten ergänzt werden. Das kann beispielsweise an einem zentralen Ort zur Baustellenüberwachung stattfinden und die Daten können dann zum Straßenfertiger auf der Baustelle übertragen werden.In an expedient variant, the digital building data, which include the height profile of the subgrade, are transferred from an external data processing system at the beginning of the method transferred to the memory of the electronic control system via radio or cable connection. The external data processing system can be, for example, a laptop, tablet, mobile phone, stationary personal computer, server or the like, and the radio transmission can take place by means of RFID, Bluetooth, WLAN, cellular connection or the like. In this way, the subgrade data, which were previously determined by means of a surface scan with an independent vehicle, for example, can be analyzed, processed and supplemented with calculated data that is dependent on it. This can take place, for example, at a central location for construction site monitoring and the data can then be transmitted to the paver at the construction site.
In einer bevorzugten Variante wird mittels einer externen Datenverarbeitungsanlage die jeweilige Verdichtungsleistung in Abhängigkeit der ermittelten Soll-Schichtstärke berechnet und/oder die jeweilige Verdichtungsleistung in Abhängigkeit der Soll-Schichtstärke einem Ortskoordinatenpunkt zugewiesen und die Daten werden anschließend in den Speicher des elektronischen Steuerungssystems übertragen. Die Verdichtungsleistung und damit der Vorverdichtungsgrad können also stets berechnet werden oder einem tabellenartigen Datensatz entnommen werden. Das Berechnen mittels einer externen Anlage hat den Vorteil, dass die notwendigen Geräte einfach vorgehalten werden können und die Daten zudem noch mittels entsprechenden EDV-Geräten dargestellt, analysiert und bearbeitet werden können.In a preferred variant, an external data processing system is used to calculate the respective compaction performance as a function of the determined target layer thickness and / or assign the respective compaction performance to a spatial coordinate point as a function of the target layer thickness and the data are then transferred to the memory of the electronic control system. The compaction performance and thus the degree of pre-compaction can therefore always be calculated or taken from a table-like data set. Calculating by means of an external system has the advantage that the necessary devices can easily be kept available and the data can also be displayed, analyzed and processed using appropriate EDP devices.
In einer weiteren Variante wird mittels des elektronischen Steuerungssystems die jeweilige Verdichtungsleistung in Abhängigkeit von der ermittelten Soll-Schichtstärke berechnet und/oder die jeweilige Verdichtungsleistung in Abhängigkeit der Soll-Schichtstärke einem Ortskoordinatenpunkt zugewiesen. Diese und weitere Berechnungen können also direkt auf dem Straßenfertiger ausgeführt werden. Dies könnte sogar während des Betriebs für die jeweils noch folgenden Positionen erfolgen, wodurch Zeit eingespart werden kann. Außerdem werden Übertragungskapazitäten eingespart, je geringer die von extern erhaltenen Datenmengen sind.In a further variant, the respective compaction output is calculated as a function of the determined target layer thickness by means of the electronic control system and / or the respective compaction output is assigned to a spatial coordinate point as a function of the target layer thickness. These and other calculations can therefore be carried out directly on the paver finisher. This could even be done during operation for the respective following positions, whereby time can be saved. In addition, transmission capacities are saved the lower the amount of data received externally.
Im Folgenden werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher beschrieben. Dabei zeigen
- Figur 1:
- eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Straßenfertigers,
- Figur 2:
- eine dreidimensionale Ansicht von Bauwerksdaten,
- Figur 3:
- eine schematische Ansicht der Bohlenverdichtung von Einbaumaterial bei ebenem Planum,
- Figur 4:
- eine schematische Ansicht der Walzverdichtung von Einbaumaterial bei ebenem Planum,
- Figur 5:
- die graphische Darstellung der Änderung des Verdichtungsgrads der Einbaubohle in Abhängigkeit der Schichtstärke bei konstantem Walzmaß,
- Figur 6:
- eine schematische Ansicht der Bohlenverdichtung von Einbaumaterial bei unebenem Planum,
- Figur 7:
- eine schematische Ansicht der Walzverdichtung von Einbaumaterial bei unebenem Planum.
- Figure 1:
- a schematic side view of a road paver,
- Figure 2:
- a three-dimensional view of building data,
- Figure 3:
- a schematic view of the plank compaction of paving material with a level subgrade,
- Figure 4:
- a schematic view of the roller compaction of paving material with a level subgrade,
- Figure 5:
- the graphical representation of the change in the degree of compaction of the screed as a function of the layer thickness with a constant rolling dimension,
- Figure 6:
- a schematic view of the plank compaction of paving material in the case of an uneven subgrade,
- Figure 7:
- a schematic view of the roller compaction of paving material on an uneven subgrade.
Einander entsprechende Komponenten sind in den Figuren jeweils mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Components that correspond to one another are provided with the same reference symbols in each of the figures.
Dabei ist ρM die Dichte des Marshall-Probekörpers, welcher mit einem Verdichtungsgerät unter Laborbedingungen hergestellt ist. Die Dichte ρM entspricht im Wesentlichen der maximalen Dichte des Einbaumaterials 5. Der Verdichtungsgrad kB, kW gibt also jeweils an, auf wieviel Prozent der Maximaldichte ρM das Einbaumaterial 5 mit der jeweiligen Maschine, Einbaubohle 11 oder Walze 45, gebracht wird.Here, ρ M is the density of the Marshall specimen, which is produced with a compacting device under laboratory conditions. The density ρ M essentially corresponds to the maximum density of the paving
Es gilt allgemein:
The following applies in general:
Weiter gilt somit:
Daraus folgt, unter der Annahme, dass nach Endverdichtung des Belags durch die Walze die Materialdichte pW etwa der Marshalldichte pM entspricht, für den Verdichtungsgrad kB des Belags
Mit
Da die Schichtstärke dB wegen der Unebenheiten des Planums 27 vorgegeben ist und variiert, muss der Verdichtungsgrad kB entsprechend
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EP20152122.6A EP3851584B1 (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-01-16 | Road finisher with compression control |
PL20152122.6T PL3851584T3 (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-01-16 | Road finisher with compression control |
JP2021005144A JP2021113490A (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2021-01-15 | Road paving machine with compaction control |
BR102021000747-8A BR102021000747A2 (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2021-01-15 | ROAD PAVING MACHINE AND METHOD TO OPERATE IT |
US17/150,121 US11746479B2 (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2021-01-15 | Road paver with compaction control |
CN202120151026.1U CN216141851U (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2021-01-18 | Road paver with paving screed |
CN202110060648.8A CN113136772B (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2021-01-18 | Road paver with compaction control |
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