EP3849842A1 - Back-lit bodywork element with strong contrast - Google Patents

Back-lit bodywork element with strong contrast

Info

Publication number
EP3849842A1
EP3849842A1 EP19772672.2A EP19772672A EP3849842A1 EP 3849842 A1 EP3849842 A1 EP 3849842A1 EP 19772672 A EP19772672 A EP 19772672A EP 3849842 A1 EP3849842 A1 EP 3849842A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
bodywork
coating
perforations
transparent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19772672.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Issam KHAYAT
Sophie Vidal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Plastic Omnium SE
Original Assignee
Plastic Omnium SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Plastic Omnium SE filed Critical Plastic Omnium SE
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2019/074432 external-priority patent/WO2020053368A1/en
Publication of EP3849842A1 publication Critical patent/EP3849842A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/26—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic
    • B60Q1/2619—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to indicate the vehicle, or parts thereof, or to give signals, to other traffic built in the vehicle body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/48—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects combined with, or convertible into, other devices or objects, e.g. bumpers combined with road brushes, bumpers convertible into beds
    • B60R19/50—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects combined with, or convertible into, other devices or objects, e.g. bumpers combined with road brushes, bumpers convertible into beds with lights or registration plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S43/00—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights
    • F21S43/20—Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
    • F21S43/26—Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S43/235 - F21S43/255
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q2400/00—Special features or arrangements of exterior signal lamps for vehicles
    • B60Q2400/20—Multi-color single source or LED matrix, e.g. yellow blinker and red brake lamp generated by single lamp
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/18—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects characterised by the cross-section; Means within the bumper to absorb impact
    • B60R2019/1886—Bumper fascias and fastening means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B60R19/02—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects
    • B60R19/48—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects combined with, or convertible into, other devices or objects, e.g. bumpers combined with road brushes, bumpers convertible into beds
    • B60R19/50—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects combined with, or convertible into, other devices or objects, e.g. bumpers combined with road brushes, bumpers convertible into beds with lights or registration plates
    • B60R2019/505—Bumpers, i.e. impact receiving or absorbing members for protecting vehicles or fending off blows from other vehicles or objects combined with, or convertible into, other devices or objects, e.g. bumpers combined with road brushes, bumpers convertible into beds with lights or registration plates with lights

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bodywork element of a motor vehicle and more particularly a style part intended to contribute to the general external appearance of the vehicle.
  • These styling pieces or these bodywork elements is to enhance a line or to emphasize a shape in order to reinforce the image that the manufacturer wishes to associate with his brand or his vehicle model.
  • the chrome strips running along the side of the vehicle, the rocker panels, the brand emblem, the door handle covers, the mirror caps are these parts style whose design is the subject of particular care on the part of the vehicle designers.
  • all the body parts visible from the outside and contributing to the general appearance of the vehicle, such as an opening, a bumper, a radiator grille, can also be considered as body elements or styling parts. falling within the scope of the invention.
  • the transmittance of a material is the fraction of the light flux passing through it.
  • the transmittance represents the ratio of the light intensity transmitted by the material to the incident light intensity.
  • An element is qualified as transparent when it allows light to pass through it in the visible region, making it possible to clearly distinguish the objects behind it and has a transmittance of at least 70%.
  • An element is qualified as semi-transparent when it lets light pass through it in the visible range, making it possible to clearly distinguish the objects behind it, and has a transmittance of less than 70%, without however being opaque.
  • An element is qualified as translucent when it allows light to pass through it in the visible range, but without making it possible to clearly distinguish the objects behind it and has a transmittance of at least 50%.
  • An element is qualified as semi-translucent when it lets light pass through it in the visible range, making it possible to clearly distinguish the objects behind it, and has a transmittance of less than 50%, without however being opaque.
  • the device optics are turned off, and the appearance of the bodywork element is given by the coating of paint forming the outer layer of the bodywork element.
  • the optical device is switched on and the bodywork element appears in the form uniformly luminous surface.
  • the lighting device By activating the lighting device, it is also possible to reveal particular patterns such as a logo with the manufacturer's mark, or even particular figurative elements which remain invisible when the vehicle is lit by the light of the day.
  • Such a lighting device is proposed in the document FR 3 046 387, which describes a bodywork element of a motor vehicle comprising a body formed of a transparent material, arranged visibly on a support forming part of the bodywork. of the vehicle, one side of which is covered with a semi-transparent or semi-translucent decorative coating.
  • a diffusing light guide connected to a light source is disposed between the support and the body of the body element.
  • the illuminated surface of the bodywork element is distinguished well enough from the rest of the bodywork. For example, if you want the illuminated surface to appear a certain color, which differs from that of the rest of the bodywork, it is necessary to ensure that a sufficient contrast is obtained between the color of the luminous surface and paint the rest of the body. This contrast is particularly necessary in the case of lighting of the device in daylight, for aesthetic reasons. Indeed, at present, for large body parts there is no solution which allows both to make the body element substantially identical to the rest of the body when the light source is switched off. (we speak of “invisibility” to the naked eye) and to distinguish it very clearly when the light source is on.
  • the invention aims to meet this need by providing a motor vehicle body element comprising a wall formed of a transparent or translucent material, behind which is disposed a light source, an external face of the wall being coated with a semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating, the external face having, when the light source is switched off, first predetermined trichromatic components,
  • the covering and / or the wall include perforations through which the radiation from the light source can pass, so that when the light source is switched on, the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the light source passing through the wall and the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating is changed so that the external face has second predetermined trichromatic components, distinct from the first predetermined trichromatic components.
  • Perforation here means an orifice or through hole present in a substantially homogeneous surface, which is of any size and outline.
  • the term perforation is in no way limiting in terms of dimensions or shape of the outline.
  • the coating and / or the wall are considered to include a perforation if at least one of the layers constituting them has a hole passing through the entire thickness of said layer.
  • perforation covers both the absence of application of a material in a localized manner and the removal of a material layer in a localized manner after having applied it uniformly.
  • the coating and / or the wall include perforations through which the radiation from the light source can pass, one can obtain a significant contrast between the color of the light surface and that of the paint of the rest of the body when the light source is on, while making the body element substantially identical to the rest of the body when the light source is turned off.
  • the size of the perforations can for example be chosen so that they are not or hardly visible to the naked eye (at least not unless approaching very closely) when the source of light is not on, but allow light to pass when the light source is on, which allows to obtain a different color for the body element with a strong contrast between it and that of the rest of the body.
  • the size of the perforations results from a compromise between the transmittance that one seeks to obtain and the concealment of their presence.
  • the perforations are obtained by chemical, mechanical or thermal attack on the surface of the wall or coating.
  • the perforations are obtained by applying laser radiation to the surface of the wall or of the coating.
  • the perforation can be obtained by laser radiation applied to the layer to be perforated, the point of application of the laser beam being controlled in position, speed, and duration, for example by one or more discrete or continuous scans. , in order to obtain the shape and size of the desired perforation (s).
  • the laser radiation has a wavelength in the near infrared, preferably between 780nm and 3000nm, for example 1064nm, or in the long ultraviolet, preferably between 400 and 315nm, for example 355 nm.
  • the application of the laser radiation being carried out by a series of pulses, the duration of each pulse being less than 150 ns, preferably less than 1 ps, more preferably less at 1 fs.
  • the perforations have dimensions in length and width of between 1 ⁇ m and 1 m.
  • the perforation may be a disk a few millimeters in diameter or a border crossing the entire wall having a few millimeters in width and a length of several tens of centimeters.
  • the perforations are holes with a diameter between 20 and 300 ⁇ m in diameter, preferably between 20 and 60pm in diameter.
  • the perforations are spaced from each other by a distance of between 0.1 mm and 0.9 mm.
  • the light source comprises light emitting diodes or optical fibers.
  • the coating comprises a layer of fluorescent or coloring pigments.
  • the coating comprises a film comprising electroluminescent pigments, capable of being excited by a source of electrical power.
  • the bodywork element comprises a bodywork structure made of an opaque material, provided with an insert formed of a transparent or translucent material disposed on a support forming part of the body structure, a part of the external wall of the body element being a wall of the insert, the light source being disposed between the support and the insert.
  • the bodywork element comprises a bodywork structure made of a transparent or translucent material, the wall being a portion of the wall of the bodywork structure.
  • the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating comprises a primer whose thickness is preferably between 5 and 30 micrometers, a tinted base whose thickness is preferably between 2 and 30 micrometers, and a transparent varnish whose thickness is preferably between 5 and 30 micrometers.
  • the perforations are made in the tinted base and / or the transparent varnish and / or the primer.
  • the perforations are made in the primer, over its entire thickness, so as to improve the transmittance of the coating.
  • the inventors have in fact unexpectedly found that the localized absence of a primer layer does not, as might be expected, adversely affect the adhesion of the tinted base coat subsequently applied to the outer face of the wall.
  • One possible explanation is that the attack suffered by the primer coat to remove it would have an effect on the external face favoring the adhesion of the tinted base coat on the external face.
  • the transparent varnish is made from a polymer material which has been heated to a heating temperature causing the creep of the polymeric material, preferably at least at the glass transition temperature of the polymeric material, the heating temperature being for example between 23 ° C and 60 ° C.
  • the coating comprises, between the tinted base and the layer of varnish, a layer of a material making it possible to seal the pores of the tinted base.
  • the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating is produced by respecting the following steps:
  • the coating thus obtained is cleaned before applying a protective varnish.
  • the tinted primer and base layers do not adhere in the areas where the masking ink has been applied, which creates perforations in the coating.
  • the wall is made of a material such as Polycarbonate (PC), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Polyurethane (PU), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA), styrene acrilonitrile (SAN), a mixture of Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate and Polycarbonate, a mixture of Poolycarbonate and Polyterephthalate of Ethylene), or of amorphous polyolefin such as cyclo-olefin copolymers (COC) or cycloolefins-polymers (COP).
  • PC Polycarbonate
  • PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
  • PU Polyurethane
  • ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
  • ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
  • ASA Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate
  • SAN styrene a
  • amorphous polyolefin makes it possible to obtain very good chemical adhesion to the bodywork part made of polypropylene, and therefore allows the insertion of a transparent or translucent element by overmolding. In addition, such adhesion allows the transmission of forces from the transparent or translucent overmolded element to the main body of the polypropylene part.
  • the invention also relates to a method for applying the coating of a bodywork element (according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
  • the method of applying the coating further comprises a step of applying transparent varnish.
  • FIG. 1 shown a perspective view of the front part of a motor vehicle provided with two body elements according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a cross section of a body element of a motor vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 of a body element of a motor vehicle according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cross section of the wall of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 is a view of detail V of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to Figure 4 of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a view of detail VII of Figure 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a view similar to Figure 4 of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a detail view of Figure 4.
  • Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 8 illustrating the creep of the varnish
  • FIG. 11 is a view similar to Figure 4 of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a view similar to Figure 4 of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a fifth embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a view similar to Figure 4 of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a sixth embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view of a support film used to make a coating of a bodywork element according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 the front part 10 of a motor vehicle, provided with two body elements 12 according to the invention.
  • the elements of body 12 are, for example, arranged here above the front lights 13, to enhance the line of front lights 13.
  • the bodywork element 12 comprises a wall 14 formed of a transparent or translucent material, behind which is arranged a light source 16.
  • the wall 14 has on its outer face 18, that is to say on the face of the support looking outside the vehicle and visible from the outside, a coating of semi-transparent or semi-translucent decoration 20.
  • the external face 18 has, when the light source 16 is switched off, first predetermined trichromatic components.
  • the first predetermined trichromatic components are advantageously chosen to be the same as those of the color which has been used for the rest of the bodywork of the motor vehicle.
  • the bodywork element 12 cannot be distinguished, by touch or with the naked eye (or at least, unless approached very closely), from the rest of the bodywork of the front part 10 of the vehicle.
  • the body member 10 comprises a body structure 21 made of an opaque material, provided with an insert 22 formed of a transparent material or translucent disposed on a support 24 forming part of the body structure.
  • the wall 14 is a wall of the insert 24, and the external face 18 of the wall the external face of the insert 24.
  • the light source 16 is disposed between the support 24 and the insert 22.
  • the bodywork element comprises a bodywork structure 21 made of a transparent or translucent material, the wall 14 being a portion of the wall of the structure of bodywork.
  • the light source 16 again arranged behind the wall 14, for example being retained by a support 24.
  • the wall 14 is made using a material such as, by way of example and not exclusively, Polycarbonate (PC), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Polyurethane (PU), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) or Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA), styrene acrilonitrile (SAN), a mixture of Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate and Polycarbonate, a mixture of Poolycarbonate and Polyterephthalate of Ethylene) or also of amorphous polyolefin such as cyclo-olefins copolymers (COC) or cyclo-olefins-polymers (COP).
  • PC Polycarbonate
  • PMMA Polymethylmethacrylate
  • PU Polyurethane
  • ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
  • ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
  • ASA Acrilonitrile Styrene Ac
  • the parts produced using these thermoplastic materials can be obtained by injection or by molding.
  • the shape of the wall 14 is then adapted at will to harmonize with the shape of the bodywork on which, or around which, the body element 12 is disposed.
  • the thickness of the wall 14 is not limited, and is determined as a function of the shape and the rigidity of the bodywork element 12 that one seeks to achieve; it can therefore vary from a few millimeters to one, or even two, centimeters, preferably between 2.5 mm and 4 mm.
  • the support 24 is a part of the bodywork preferably made using an opaque material such as for example a loaded polypropylene such as that which is commonly used in the automotive industry to produce the openings or the parts attached to the bodywork such as the mirror caps.
  • the support 3 can also be confused with the structural part on which the bodywork element 1 is fixed.
  • the light source 16 is preferably an optical device comprising light emitting diodes (LEDs) or small diameter optical fibers, which can be arranged in layers or strands. Such plies are described in particular in FR 3,046,387, by the same applicant. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the light source 16 comprises a plurality of diodes 25.
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • small diameter optical fibers Such plies are described in particular in FR 3,046,387, by the same applicant.
  • the light source 16 comprises a plurality of diodes 25.
  • the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating 20 has a first aesthetic function which is to impart a color to the bodywork element 1 so that the external face of this element integrates with the adjacent bodywork parts.
  • the color chosen here is preferably identical to the color of the body parts.
  • the second function of the decorative coating 14 is to let all or part of the light emitted by the light source 16 pass. It is therefore important to choose a thin coating.
  • the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating 20 comprises a primer 26 whose thickness is preferably between 5 and 30 micrometers, a tinted base 28 whose thickness is preferably between 2 and 15 micrometers, and a transparent varnish 30 whose thickness is preferably between 5 and 30 micrometers.
  • the coating 20 is provided with perforations 31 through which the radiation from the light source 16 can pass, so that when the light source 16 is on, the length wave of the radiation emitted by the light source passing through the wall 14 and the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating 20 is modified so that the external face 18 has second predetermined trichromatic components, distinct from the first predetermined trichromatic components.
  • the size of the perforations can, for example, be chosen so that they are not or hardly visible to the naked eye, or at least, not on condition of approaching them very closely. It can for example result from a compromise between obtaining of the transmittance sought for the coating and their discretion on the final part obtained. It is also possible, in a complementary or alternative manner, to choose the layer of the coating to be perforated so as to preserve the appearance of the shade and thus ensure that the body element remains substantially identical to the rest of the body.
  • the tinted base 28 which is provided with perforations 31.
  • perforations 31 can be obtained by chemical attack on the paint layer of the tinted base 28. Perforations are thus obtained in the form of micro-cracks 31. It is also conceivable that the perforations 31 are obtained by mechanical or thermal attack.
  • the perforations 31 can also be obtained by applying a laser beam to the coating 20 or the part of the coating concerned.
  • a perforation 31 can result from the impact of a single pulse from a laser head. We speak in this case of micro perforation.
  • a perforation 31 can also result from a succession of pulses from a laser head, applied in succession, so as to obtain a perforation of larger dimensions than a micro perforation.
  • a perforation can in particular be obtained by scanning the laser head, so as to obtain a succession of adjacent micro perforations or overlapping each other. This is called surface stripping by laser scraping.
  • the tinted base 28 is provided with micro perforations 32 obtained by attack by laser radiation.
  • the laser radiation has a wavelength in the near infrared, preferably between 780nm and 3000nm, for example 1064nm.
  • the application of laser radiation is preferably carried out by a series of pulses, the duration of each pulse being less than 150 ns.
  • a laser in the near infrared and more particularly at the wavelength 1064 nm makes it possible to obtain good results.
  • the results will be all the more satisfactory with good beam quality.
  • good beam quality is meant here when the intensity profile of the laser is Gaussian.
  • a Ytterbium source laser makes it possible to obtain particularly satisfactory results.
  • the application of laser radiation is carried out by a series of pulses, the period between each pulse being preferably less than 150 ns.
  • a pulse duration of less than 150 nanoseconds makes it possible to improve the quality and the sharpness of the perforation.
  • a decrease of this pulse duration further improved the quality and sharpness of the perforation.
  • the pulse duration could be less than 1 picosecond, or even less than 1 femtosecond.
  • the micro perforations 32 are in this particular example substantially circular holes, the diameter of which will be chosen depending on whether one wishes to favor the fact that they are the least visible to the naked eye, or on the contrary the fact that '' they allow more radiation to pass through from the light source 16.
  • a perforation diameter of between 2 to 20 microns will be chosen.
  • a larger perforation diameter will be chosen, between 20 to 300 microns.
  • a good compromise is to choose a perforation diameter between 20 and 100 microns.
  • the spacing between each impact will depend on the effect and the desired light intensity. Spaces of 0.1 to 0.9 mm between each impact seem relevant. We will choose micro-perforation patterns 32 (gridding of the impacts of laser radiation) according to the optical effect that we want to obtain.
  • a rectilinear arrangement and at constant spacing of the micro perforations 32 will give a very homogeneous effect, while a more random arrangement and / or with variable spacings will give a more heterogeneous effect which could be desired for reasons of style.
  • the laser radiation has a wavelength in ultraviolet rays and for example at 355 nm.
  • a laser in the near infrared and more particularly at the wavelength 1064 nm allows to obtain good results
  • the perforations are sharper with a wavelength laser in ultraviolet light.
  • a pulse duration of less than 15 nanoseconds.
  • the perforations 31 are formed in the primer layer 26. More particularly, the perforations 31 pass through the primer layer 26 right through, in other words throughout thickness of the primer layer 26.
  • the perforations 31 are in this embodiment obtained from preferably by applying laser radiation.
  • a perforation 31 can for example result from a succession of pulses from a laser head, applied in succession, so as to obtain a perforation of larger dimensions than a micro perforation.
  • the fact of choosing to make the perforations in the primer layer makes it possible to preserve the appearance of the tinted base layer 28 and thus ensure that the bodywork element 10 remains substantially identical to the rest of the bodywork.
  • Such a perforation 31 can in particular be obtained by scanning the laser head, so as to obtain a succession of adjacent micro perforations and / or overlapping each other, also called surface stripping by laser scraping.
  • Successive performances can overlap, and be spaced by a center-to-center distance of 10 to 300 micrometers.
  • the superposition of these overlaps in several directions advantageously makes it possible to create a pattern.
  • the inventors have in fact remarked, surprisingly, that the localized absence of primer layer 26 does not harm, as might be expected, the adhesion of the tinted base layer 28 subsequently applied to the external face 18 of the wall.
  • One possible explanation is that the attack suffered by the primer layer 26 to remove it, in particular the heat emitted by the application of laser radiation, would have an effect on the external face 18 promoting the adhesion of the tinted base layer 28 on the external face 18.
  • the perforations 31 have any shape and are not limited to a circular shape. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the perforations 31 can be distributed in any manner, or, in a similar manner to the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7, at constant spacing.
  • a primer layer 26 is applied to the outer face 18 of the wall of the bodywork element 12. This step is carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art. using a primary applicator which we will not describe here.
  • the laser radiation is applied in one or more scans, a scan consisting of a series of pulses by a laser head.
  • Perforations are obtained for example by a succession of micro perforations overlapping each other following a succession of scans.
  • the usual painting process for an exterior bodywork part known to the automotive industry is interrupted.
  • the transparent varnish layer 30 of the coating 20 is previously heated at the location of the decor to a temperature causing the creep of the varnish.
  • this temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer material.
  • the heating temperature will for example be between 23 ° C and 60 ° C, which corresponds to the glass transition temperature of the varnishes usually used in the context of the painting of bodywork elements.
  • an additional layer of a product is applied to the tinted perforated base 28 for plug the pores of the paint.
  • a product comprises polymer particles which by capillary action are absorbed in the finishing paint so as to clog the pores.
  • An example of such a sealant product is known in the trade under the name WAXOYL 100 PLUS or WAXOYL 100 PLUS CARCARE. Such a sealant product can be inserted into the perforations 31, 32.
  • a second layer of varnish 30 ’ is provided over the tinted base 28, which will also be attacked by the laser and provided with through holes 32. In another variant not shown, these perforations will reach the wall 14 and will therefore pass through the primer 26.
  • the fluorescent pigments are made from Rare Earths, in particular lanthanides, or from aromatic structures such as xanthene, rhodamines, aminonapthalimides, perinones, and thioindigos.
  • the coloring pigments can be soluble in the material, which allows good transmission to light, or be pigments, such as, for example, carbon black.
  • Such pigments make it possible to modify the spectrum of the radiation emitted by the light source 16 and thus act as a chromatic filter.
  • an electroluminescent film 35 comprises electroluminescent particles, capable of being excited by an electric current so as to modify the spectrum of the radiation which passes through them.
  • the electrominescent film 35 can be obtained in the following manner. A layer of film is applied to a substrate using an electrically conductive material, then a layer of dielectric film, then a layer of film of phosphorus, the phosphorus being excited by ultraviolet radiation during its application. A layer of electrode film is then applied. The phosphor film is excitable by the electric current sent by the electric power source 36, so as to obtain an electroluminescent light.
  • FIG. 13 it is the wall 14 which is provided with perforations 38, preferably in the form of blind holes 38.
  • the layers of primer 26 and of tinted base 28 do not are applied here only in the orifices 38, which they make it possible to fill.
  • the rest of the outer surface 141 of the wall is not covered with primer 26 or tinted base 28.
  • a layer of transparent varnish 30 is applied, covering both the tinted base 28 and directly the external surface of the wall 141 where it has not been perforated. Light passes through the external surface 141.
  • the size of the orifices is chosen so that they are not visible to the naked eye, or at least, provided that they are approached very closely.
  • the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating is produced by respecting the following steps:
  • thermoforming of the support film 40 thermoforming of the support film 40
  • the coating 20 thus obtained is cleaned before applying a layer of protective varnish.
  • the primer 26 and tinted base 28 layers do not adhere in the areas where the masking ink 41 has been applied, which creates perforations in the coating.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Vehicle Waterproofing, Decoration, And Sanitation Devices (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a bodywork element (12) of a motor vehicle (10) comprising a wall formed from a transparent or translucent material, behind which a light source is arranged, an outer face of the wall being coated with a semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating, the outer face having, when the light source is switched off, first predetermined trichromatic components. The coating and/or wall comprise perforations through which the radiation from the light source can pass, so that when the light source is switched on, the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the light source passing through the wall and the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating is modified in such a way that the outer face has second predetermined trichromatic components, different from the first predetermined trichromatic components.

Description

Elément de carrosserie rétroéclairé à fort contraste  High contrast backlit bodywork
[0001 ] L’invention a pour objet un élément de carrosserie d’un véhicule automobile et plus particulièrement une pièce de style destinée à contribuer à l’aspect général extérieur du véhicule.  The invention relates to a bodywork element of a motor vehicle and more particularly a style part intended to contribute to the general external appearance of the vehicle.
[0002] Ces pièces de style ou ces éléments de carrosserie ont pour objet de rehausser une ligne ou de souligner une forme dans le but de renforcer l’image que le constructeur souhaite associer à sa marque ou à son modèle de véhicule.  The purpose of these styling pieces or these bodywork elements is to enhance a line or to emphasize a shape in order to reinforce the image that the manufacturer wishes to associate with his brand or his vehicle model.
[0003] A titre d’exemple, les baguettes chromées courant le long de la partie latérale du véhicule, les protections de bas de caisse, l’emblème de la marque, les enjoliveurs de poignées de porte, les coques de rétroviseurs sont ces pièces de style dont le design fait l’objet d’un soin particulier de la part des concepteurs du véhicule. Par extension, toutes les pièces de la carrosserie visibles de l’extérieur et participant à l’aspect général du véhicule, telles qu’un ouvrant, un parechoc, une calandre, peuvent être considérées également comme des éléments de carrosserie ou des pièces de style entrant dans le champ d’application de l’invention.  For example, the chrome strips running along the side of the vehicle, the rocker panels, the brand emblem, the door handle covers, the mirror caps are these parts style whose design is the subject of particular care on the part of the vehicle designers. By extension, all the body parts visible from the outside and contributing to the general appearance of the vehicle, such as an opening, a bumper, a radiator grille, can also be considered as body elements or styling parts. falling within the scope of the invention.
[0004] Dans le but de renforcer l’effet produit par ces éléments de carrosserie, il a été proposé de placer une source lumineuse en arrière de la surface de l’élément de carrosserie formé d’un matériau transparent ou translucide, et de modifier la transparence du revêtement recouvrant l’élément de carrosserie de manière à faire apparaître un effet lumineux lorsque les conditions d’éclairage extérieur sont insuffisantes et que la source de lumière est activée.  In order to enhance the effect produced by these bodywork elements, it has been proposed to place a light source behind the surface of the bodywork element formed of a transparent or translucent material, and to modify the transparency of the coating covering the bodywork element so as to produce a light effect when the exterior lighting conditions are insufficient and the light source is activated.
[0005] On rappelle que la transmittance d'un matériau est la fraction du flux lumineux le traversant. Ainsi la transmittance représente le rapport de l’intensité lumineuse transmise par le matériau sur l’intensité lumineuse incidente.  It is recalled that the transmittance of a material is the fraction of the light flux passing through it. Thus the transmittance represents the ratio of the light intensity transmitted by the material to the incident light intensity.
[0006] Un élément est qualifié de transparent lorsqu'il se laisse traverser par la lumière dans le domaine du visible en permettant de distinguer nettement les objets se trouvant derrière et a une transmittance d’au moins 70%. Un élément est qualifié de semi transparent lorsqu'il se laisse traverser par la lumière dans le domaine du visible en permettant de distinguer nettement les objets se trouvant derrière, et possède une transmittance inférieure à 70%, sans pour autant être opaque.  An element is qualified as transparent when it allows light to pass through it in the visible region, making it possible to clearly distinguish the objects behind it and has a transmittance of at least 70%. An element is qualified as semi-transparent when it lets light pass through it in the visible range, making it possible to clearly distinguish the objects behind it, and has a transmittance of less than 70%, without however being opaque.
[0007] Un élément est qualifié de translucide lorsqu'il se laisse traverser par la lumière dans le domaine du visible, mais sans permettre de distinguer nettement les objets se trouvant derrière et a une transmittance d’au moins 50%. Un élément est qualifié de semi translucide lorsqu'il se laisse traverser par la lumière dans le domaine du visible permettre de distinguer nettement les objets se trouvant derrière, et possède une transmittance inférieure à 50%, sans pour autant être opaque.  An element is qualified as translucent when it allows light to pass through it in the visible range, but without making it possible to clearly distinguish the objects behind it and has a transmittance of at least 50%. An element is qualified as semi-translucent when it lets light pass through it in the visible range, making it possible to clearly distinguish the objects behind it, and has a transmittance of less than 50%, without however being opaque.
[0008] Ainsi, lorsque le véhicule est éclairé par la lumière du jour, le dispositif optique est éteint, et l’apparence de l’élément de carrosserie est donnée par le revêtement de peinture formant la couche externe de l’élément de carrosserie. A l’inverse, lorsque les conditions d’éclairage diminuent, ou parfois même en plein jour, comme cela est de plus en plus demandé par les designers des constructeurs automobiles, le dispositif optique est allumé et l’élément de carrosserie apparaît sous la forme d’une surface uniformément lumineuse. [0008] Thus, when the vehicle is lit by daylight, the device optics are turned off, and the appearance of the bodywork element is given by the coating of paint forming the outer layer of the bodywork element. Conversely, when the lighting conditions decrease, or sometimes even in broad daylight, as is increasingly demanded by designers from car manufacturers, the optical device is switched on and the bodywork element appears in the form uniformly luminous surface.
[0009] En activant le dispositif d’éclairage, il est également possible de faire apparaître des motifs particuliers tels qu’un logo à la marque du constructeur, ou encore des éléments figuratifs particuliers qui restent invisibles lorsque le véhicule est éclairé par la lumière du jour.  By activating the lighting device, it is also possible to reveal particular patterns such as a logo with the manufacturer's mark, or even particular figurative elements which remain invisible when the vehicle is lit by the light of the day.
[00010] Un tel dispositif d’éclairage est proposé dans le document FR 3 046 387, qui décrit un élément de carrosserie de véhicule automobile comprenant un corps formé d’une matière transparente, disposé de façon visible sur un support formant partie de la carrosserie du véhicule, dont une face est recouverte d’un revêtement de décor semi transparent ou semi translucide. Un guide de lumière diffusant raccordé à une source de lumière est disposé entre le support et le corps de l’élément de carrosserie.  Such a lighting device is proposed in the document FR 3 046 387, which describes a bodywork element of a motor vehicle comprising a body formed of a transparent material, arranged visibly on a support forming part of the bodywork. of the vehicle, one side of which is covered with a semi-transparent or semi-translucent decorative coating. A diffusing light guide connected to a light source is disposed between the support and the body of the body element.
[0001 1] Néanmoins, il existe un besoin de faire en sorte qu’une fois le dispositif optique allumé, la surface illuminée de l’élément de carrosserie se distingue suffisamment bien du reste de la carrosserie. Par exemple, si l’on souhaite que la surface illuminée apparaisse d’une certaine couleur, qui diffère de celle du reste de la carrosserie, il convient de s’assurer que l’on obtient un contraste suffisant entre la couleur de la surface lumineuse et celle de la peinture du reste de la carrosserie. Ce contraste est particulièrement nécessaire dans le cas d’un éclairage du dispositif en plein jour, pour des raisons esthétiques. En effet, à l’heure actuelle, pour des pièces de carrosserie de grandes dimensions il n’existe pas de solution qui permette à la fois de rendre l’élément de carrosserie sensiblement identique au reste de la carrosserie lorsque la source de lumière est éteinte (on parle « d’invisibilité » à l’œil nu) et de l’en distinguer très nettement lorsque la source de lumière est allumée.  However, there is a need to ensure that once the optical device is turned on, the illuminated surface of the bodywork element is distinguished well enough from the rest of the bodywork. For example, if you want the illuminated surface to appear a certain color, which differs from that of the rest of the bodywork, it is necessary to ensure that a sufficient contrast is obtained between the color of the luminous surface and paint the rest of the body. This contrast is particularly necessary in the case of lighting of the device in daylight, for aesthetic reasons. Indeed, at present, for large body parts there is no solution which allows both to make the body element substantially identical to the rest of the body when the light source is switched off. (we speak of “invisibility” to the naked eye) and to distinguish it very clearly when the light source is on.
[00012] L'invention a pour but de répondre à ce besoin en fournissant un élément de carrosserie de véhicule automobile comprenant une paroi formée d’une matière transparente ou translucide, derrière laquelle est disposée une source de lumière, une face externe de la paroi étant revêtue d’un revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide, la face externe possédant, lorsque la source de lumière est éteinte, des premières composantes trichromatiques prédéterminées,  The invention aims to meet this need by providing a motor vehicle body element comprising a wall formed of a transparent or translucent material, behind which is disposed a light source, an external face of the wall being coated with a semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating, the external face having, when the light source is switched off, first predetermined trichromatic components,
caractérisé en ce que le revêtement et/ou la paroi comprennent des perforations à travers lesquelles le rayonnement de la source de lumière peut passer, de sorte que lorsque la source de lumière est allumée, la longueur d’onde du rayonnement émis par la source de lumière traversant la paroi et le revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide est modifiée de façon que la face externe possède des secondes composantes trichromatiques prédéterminées, distinctes des premières composantes trichromatiques prédéterminées. characterized in that the covering and / or the wall include perforations through which the radiation from the light source can pass, so that when the light source is switched on, the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the light source passing through the wall and the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating is changed so that the external face has second predetermined trichromatic components, distinct from the first predetermined trichromatic components.
[00013] On entend ici par perforation un orifice ou trou traversant présent dans une surface sensiblement homogène, qui est de dimensions et de contours quelconques. Le terme perforation n’est nullement limitatif en termes de dimensions ou de forme du contour.  Perforation here means an orifice or through hole present in a substantially homogeneous surface, which is of any size and outline. The term perforation is in no way limiting in terms of dimensions or shape of the outline.
[00014] Dans le cas où le revêtement ou la paroi comprendraient plusieurs couches de matériaux différents notamment, le revêtement et/ou la paroi sont considérés comme comprenant une perforation si au moins une des couches les constituant présente un trou traversant toute l’épaisseur de ladite couche.  In the case where the coating or the wall includes several layers of different materials in particular, the coating and / or the wall are considered to include a perforation if at least one of the layers constituting them has a hole passing through the entire thickness of said layer.
[00015] Dans le contexte de la présente demande, le terme perforation recouvre tout aussi bien l’absence d’application d’une matière de manière localisée que la suppression d’une couche matière de manière localisée après l’avoir appliquée uniformément.  In the context of the present application, the term perforation covers both the absence of application of a material in a localized manner and the removal of a material layer in a localized manner after having applied it uniformly.
[00016] Grâce au fait que le revêtement et/ou la paroi comprennent des perforations à travers lesquelles le rayonnement de la source de lumière peut passer, on peut obtenir un contraste important entre la couleur de la surface lumineuse et celle de la peinture du reste de la carrosserie lorsque la source de lumière est allumée, tout en rendant l’élément de carrosserie sensiblement identique au reste de la carrosserie lorsque la source de lumière est éteinte.  Thanks to the fact that the coating and / or the wall include perforations through which the radiation from the light source can pass, one can obtain a significant contrast between the color of the light surface and that of the paint of the rest of the body when the light source is on, while making the body element substantially identical to the rest of the body when the light source is turned off.
[00017] En effet, la taille des perforations peut par exemple être choisie de sorte qu’elles ne sont pas ou peu visibles à l’œil nu (du moins pas à moins de s’en approcher de très près) lorsque la source de lumière n’est pas allumée, mais permettent à la lumière de passer lorsque la source de lumière est allumée, ce qui permet d’obtenir une couleur différente pour l’élément de carrosserie avec un fort contraste entre celle-ci et celle du reste de la carrosserie. Par exemple, la taille des perforations résulte d’un compromis entre la transmittance que l’on cherche à obtenir et la dissimulation de leur présence.  Indeed, the size of the perforations can for example be chosen so that they are not or hardly visible to the naked eye (at least not unless approaching very closely) when the source of light is not on, but allow light to pass when the light source is on, which allows to obtain a different color for the body element with a strong contrast between it and that of the rest of the body. For example, the size of the perforations results from a compromise between the transmittance that one seeks to obtain and the concealment of their presence.
[00018] On pourra également, de façon complémentaire ou alternative, choisir la couche du revêtement à perforer de sorte à conserver l’aspect de la teinte et ainsi faire en sorte que l’élément de carrosserie reste sensiblement identique au reste de la carrosserie et ce quel que soit les dimensions des perforations.  We can also, in a complementary or alternative way, choose the layer of the coating to be perforated so as to keep the appearance of the color and thus ensure that the bodywork element remains substantially identical to the rest of the bodywork and whatever the dimensions of the perforations.
[00019] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l’invention, les perforations sont obtenues par attaque chimique, mécanique ou thermique de la surface de la paroi ou du revêtement. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the perforations are obtained by chemical, mechanical or thermal attack on the surface of the wall or coating.
[00020] Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier de l’invention, les perforations sont obtenues par application d’un rayonnement laser sur la surface de la paroi ou du revêtement.  According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the perforations are obtained by applying laser radiation to the surface of the wall or of the coating.
[00021] De préférence, la perforation peut être obtenue par un rayonnement laser appliqué sur la couche à perforer, le point d’application du faisceau laser étant piloté en position, vitesse, et durée, par exemple par un ou plusieurs balayages discrets ou continu, afin d’obtenir la forme et la taille de la/les perforation(s) souhaitée(s).  Preferably, the perforation can be obtained by laser radiation applied to the layer to be perforated, the point of application of the laser beam being controlled in position, speed, and duration, for example by one or more discrete or continuous scans. , in order to obtain the shape and size of the desired perforation (s).
[00022] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l’invention, le rayonnement laser a une longueur d’onde dans les infra-rouges proches, de préférence comprise entre 780nm et 3000nm, par exemple 1064nm, ou dans les ultraviolets longs, de préférence comprise entre 400 et 315nm, par exemple 355 nm.  According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the laser radiation has a wavelength in the near infrared, preferably between 780nm and 3000nm, for example 1064nm, or in the long ultraviolet, preferably between 400 and 315nm, for example 355 nm.
[00023] Avantageusement, afin d’obtenir des perforations nettes, l’application du rayonnement laser étant effectuée par une série d’impulsions, la durée de chaque impulsion étant inférieure à 150 ns, de préférence inférieure à 1 ps, encore de préférence inférieure à 1 fs.  Advantageously, in order to obtain clear perforations, the application of the laser radiation being carried out by a series of pulses, the duration of each pulse being less than 150 ns, preferably less than 1 ps, more preferably less at 1 fs.
[00024] De préférence, les perforations ont des dimensions en longueur et largeur comprises entre 1 pm et 1 m. Par exemple, la perforation peut être un disque de quelques millimètres de diamètre ou un liseré traversant toute la paroi ayant quelques millimètres de largeur et une longueur de plusieurs dizaines de centimètres.  Preferably, the perforations have dimensions in length and width of between 1 μm and 1 m. For example, the perforation may be a disk a few millimeters in diameter or a border crossing the entire wall having a few millimeters in width and a length of several tens of centimeters.
[00025] De préférence, afin d’effectuer un compromis satisfaisant entre dissimulation des perforations à l’œil nu et passage du rayonnement issu de la source lumineuse, les perforations sont des trous d’un diamètre compris entre 20 et 300 pm de diamètre, de préférence entre 20 et 60pm de diamètre.  Preferably, in order to make a satisfactory compromise between concealing the perforations with the naked eye and the passage of radiation from the light source, the perforations are holes with a diameter between 20 and 300 μm in diameter, preferably between 20 and 60pm in diameter.
[00026] Avantageusement, les perforations sont espacées les unes des autres par une distance comprise entre 0,1 mm et 0,9mm.  Advantageously, the perforations are spaced from each other by a distance of between 0.1 mm and 0.9 mm.
[00027] De préférence, la source de lumière comprend des diodes électroluminescentes ou des fibres optiques.  Preferably, the light source comprises light emitting diodes or optical fibers.
[00028] Afin d’accentuer encore davantage le contraste entre l’élément de carrosserie et le reste de la carrosserie lorsque la source de lumière est allumée, le revêtement comprend une couche de pigments fluorescents ou colorants.  In order to further accentuate the contrast between the bodywork element and the rest of the bodywork when the light source is switched on, the coating comprises a layer of fluorescent or coloring pigments.
[00029] Selon un autre mode de réalisation de l’invention, le revêtement comprend un film comprenant des pigments électroluminescents, aptes à être excités par une source d’alimentation électrique.  According to another embodiment of the invention, the coating comprises a film comprising electroluminescent pigments, capable of being excited by a source of electrical power.
[00030] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l’invention, l’élément de carrosserie comprend une structure de carrosserie réalisée dans un matériau opaque, munie d’un insert formé d’une matière transparente ou translucide disposé sur un support formant partie de la structure de carrosserie, une partie de la paroi extérieure de l’élément de carrosserie étant une paroi de l’insert, la source de lumière étant disposée entre le support et l’insert. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the bodywork element comprises a bodywork structure made of an opaque material, provided with an insert formed of a transparent or translucent material disposed on a support forming part of the body structure, a part of the external wall of the body element being a wall of the insert, the light source being disposed between the support and the insert.
[00031] Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier de l’invention, l’élément de carrosserie comprend une structure de carrosserie réalisé dans un matériau transparent ou translucide, la paroi étant une portion de la paroi de la structure de carrosserie.  According to another particular embodiment of the invention, the bodywork element comprises a bodywork structure made of a transparent or translucent material, the wall being a portion of the wall of the bodywork structure.
[00032] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l’invention, le revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide comprend un primaire dont l’épaisseur est de préférence comprise entre 5 et 30 micromètres, une base teintée dont l’épaisseur est de préférence comprise entre 2 et 30 micromètres, et un vernis transparent dont l’épaisseur est de préférence comprise entre 5 et 30 micromètres.  According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating comprises a primer whose thickness is preferably between 5 and 30 micrometers, a tinted base whose thickness is preferably between 2 and 30 micrometers, and a transparent varnish whose thickness is preferably between 5 and 30 micrometers.
[00033] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l’invention, les perforations sont pratiquées dans la base teintée et/ou le vernis transparent et/ou le primaire.  According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the perforations are made in the tinted base and / or the transparent varnish and / or the primer.
[00034] De préférence, les perforations sont pratiquées dans le primaire, sur toute son épaisseur, de sorte à améliorer la transmittance du revêtement. Les inventeurs ont en effet constaté, de manière inattendue, que l’absence localisée de couche de primaire, ne nuit pas, comme l’on pouvait s’y attendre, à l’adhérence de la couche de base teintée appliquée par la suite sur la face externe de la paroi. Une explication possible est que l’attaque subie par la couche de primaire pour la retirer aurait un effet sur la face externe favorisant l’adhérence de la couche de base teintée sur la face externe.  Preferably, the perforations are made in the primer, over its entire thickness, so as to improve the transmittance of the coating. The inventors have in fact unexpectedly found that the localized absence of a primer layer does not, as might be expected, adversely affect the adhesion of the tinted base coat subsequently applied to the outer face of the wall. One possible explanation is that the attack suffered by the primer coat to remove it would have an effect on the external face favoring the adhesion of the tinted base coat on the external face.
[00035] Afin d’éviter les défauts de surfaces pouvant apparaître au niveau des perforations du fait que le support n'est plus protégé des UV et de l'humidité, ou d’éviter que les perforations ne se bouchent au contact de l'environnement (comme par exemple de la poussière), ce qui pourrait empêcher le rayonnement issu de la source de lumière de passer, le vernis transparent est réalisé à base d’un matériau polymère qui a été chauffé à une température de chauffage provoquant le fluage du matériau polymère, de préférence au moins à la température de transition vitreuse du matériau polymère, la température de chauffage étant par exemple comprise entre 23°C et 60°C.  In order to avoid surface defects which may appear at the perforations because the support is no longer protected from UV and humidity, or to prevent the perforations from becoming blocked on contact with the environment (such as dust), which could prevent the radiation from the light source from passing through, the transparent varnish is made from a polymer material which has been heated to a heating temperature causing the creep of the polymeric material, preferably at least at the glass transition temperature of the polymeric material, the heating temperature being for example between 23 ° C and 60 ° C.
[00036] En effet, le fluage du vernis permet au vernis de s’insérer dans les perforations se trouvant dans la couche sur laquelle est appliquée le vernis. En outre, du fait du chauffage, l'air se dilate dans les perforations. Ainsi, lorsque la température revient à la température ambiante, le volume air qui peut rester emprisonné est minime et ne peut donc pas engendrer l’apparition de bulles microscopiques. Un avantage supplémentaire engendré par l’exposition à la chaleur du vernis est qu’il permet de retendre le vernis à ces endroits et d’ainsi faire disparaître des défauts de surface tels que les micro-rayures dans le vernis par l'exposition à la chaleur. On parle de phénomène de cicatrisation du vernis. Indeed, the creep of the varnish allows the varnish to fit into the perforations in the layer on which the varnish is applied. In addition, due to the heating, the air expands in the perforations. Thus, when the temperature returns to ambient temperature, the air volume which can remain trapped is minimal and therefore cannot cause the appearance of microscopic bubbles. An additional advantage generated by the exposure to the heat of the varnish is that it allows retighten the varnish in these places and thus remove surface defects such as micro-scratches in the varnish by exposure to heat. We are talking about the phenomenon of scarring of the varnish.
[00037] Dans une variante permettant de combler les perforations, le revêtement comprend, entre la base teintée et la couche de vernis, une couche d’un matériau permettant de boucher les pores de la base teintée.  In a variant making it possible to fill the perforations, the coating comprises, between the tinted base and the layer of varnish, a layer of a material making it possible to seal the pores of the tinted base.
[00038] Selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l’invention, le revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide est réalisé en respectant les étapes suivantes :  According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating is produced by respecting the following steps:
- fourniture d’un film de support,  - supply of a support film,
- dépôt d’une encre de masquage sur le film de support,  - depositing a masking ink on the support film,
- thermoformage du film de support,  - thermoforming of the support film,
- surmoulage de la paroi sur le film,  - overmolding of the wall on the film,
- retrait du film de la paroi, l’encre de masquage restant sur la paroi,  - removal of the film from the wall, the masking ink remaining on the wall,
- application d’une couche de primaire,  - application of a primer coat,
- application d’une couche de base teintée,  - application of a tinted base coat,
- application d’un vernis.  - application of a varnish.
[00039] De façon optionnelle, on nettoie le revêtement ainsi obtenu avant d’y appliquer un vernis de protection.  Optionally, the coating thus obtained is cleaned before applying a protective varnish.
[00040] Du fait de l’application de l’encre de masquage, les couches de primaire et de base teintée n’adhèrent pas dans les zones où l’encre de masquage a été appliquée, ce qui créé des perforations dans le revêtement.  Due to the application of the masking ink, the tinted primer and base layers do not adhere in the areas where the masking ink has been applied, which creates perforations in the coating.
[00041] De préférence, la paroi est réalisée en un matériau tel que du Polycarbonate (PC), du Polyméthacrylate de Méthyle (PMMA), du Polyuréthane (PU), de l’Acrylonitrile Butadiène Styrène (ABS), de l’Acrilonitrile Styrène Acrylate (ASA), du styrène acrilonitrile (SAN), un mélange d’Acrilonitrile Styrène Acrylate et de Polycarbonate, un mélange de Poolycarbonate et de Polytéréphtalate d’Ethylène), ou encore de polyoléfine amorphe tels que cyclo-oléfines copolymères (COC) ou cyclo- oléfines-polymères (COP). L’utilisation de polyoléfine amorphe permet d’obtenir une très bonne adhérence chimique à la pièce de carrosserie réalisée en polypropylène, et permet donc l’insertion d’un élément transparent ou translucide par surmoulage. De plus, une telle adhérence, permet la transmission des efforts de l’élément transparent ou translucide surmoulé vers le corps principal de la pièce en polypropylène.  Preferably, the wall is made of a material such as Polycarbonate (PC), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Polyurethane (PU), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA), styrene acrilonitrile (SAN), a mixture of Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate and Polycarbonate, a mixture of Poolycarbonate and Polyterephthalate of Ethylene), or of amorphous polyolefin such as cyclo-olefin copolymers (COC) or cycloolefins-polymers (COP). The use of amorphous polyolefin makes it possible to obtain very good chemical adhesion to the bodywork part made of polypropylene, and therefore allows the insertion of a transparent or translucent element by overmolding. In addition, such adhesion allows the transmission of forces from the transparent or translucent overmolded element to the main body of the polypropylene part.
[00042] L’invention concerne également un procédé d’application du revêtement d’un élément de carrosserie (selon l’invention, comprenant les étapes suivantes : The invention also relates to a method for applying the coating of a bodywork element (according to the invention, comprising the following steps:
- application d’une couche de primaire sur la face externe de la paroi de l’élément de carrosserie, puis - application of a primer coat on the external face of the wall of the bodywork element, then
- application d’un rayonnement laser en certaines zones localisées de la couche de primaire de sorte à obtenir des perforations, puis, - application of laser radiation in certain localized areas of the primary so as to get perforations, then,
- application d’une couche de base teintée sur la face externe ainsi revêtue d’une couche de primaire perforée.  - application of a tinted base coat on the external face thus coated with a layer of perforated primer.
[00043] Avantageusement, le procédé d’application du revêtement comprend en outre une étape d’application de vernis transparent.  Advantageously, the method of applying the coating further comprises a step of applying transparent varnish.
[00044] Nous allons maintenant présenter un mode de réalisation de l’invention donné à titre d’exemple non limitatif et à l’appui des figures annexées sur lesquelles :  We will now present an embodiment of the invention given by way of nonlimiting example and with the support of the appended figures in which:
- la figure 1 représenté une vue en perspective de la partie avant d’un véhicule automobile muni de deux éléments de carrosserie selon l’invention ;  - Figure 1 shown a perspective view of the front part of a motor vehicle provided with two body elements according to the invention;
- la figure 2 représente une vue schématique d’une coupe transversale d’un élément de carrosserie d’un véhicule automobile selon un premier mode de réalisation de l’invention ;  - Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a cross section of a body element of a motor vehicle according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 3 est une vue similaire à la figure 2 d’un élément de carrosserie d’un véhicule automobile selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l’invention ; - Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 of a body element of a motor vehicle according to a second embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 4 est une vue schématique d’une coupe transversale de la paroi d’un élément de carrosserie revêtu d’un revêtement selon un premier mode de réalisation de l’invention ; - Figure 4 is a schematic view of a cross section of the wall of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 5 est une vue du détail V de la figure 4 ;  - Figure 5 is a view of detail V of Figure 4;
- la figure 6 est une vue similaire à la figure 4 d’un élément de carrosserie revêtu d’un revêtement selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l’invention ;  - Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 4 of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a second embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 7 est une vue du détail VII de la figure 6 ;  - Figure 7 is a view of detail VII of Figure 6;
- la figure 8 est une vue similaire à la figure 4 d’un élément de carrosserie revêtu d’un revêtement selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l’invention ;  - Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 4 of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a third embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 9 est une vue de détail de la figure 4 ;  - Figure 9 is a detail view of Figure 4;
- la figure 10 est une vue similaire à la figure 8 illustrant le fluage du vernis ;  - Figure 10 is a view similar to Figure 8 illustrating the creep of the varnish;
- la figure 11 est une vue similaire à la figure 4 d’un élément de carrosserie revêtu d’un revêtement selon un quatrième mode de réalisation de l’invention ;  - Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 4 of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a fourth embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 12 est une vue similaire à la figure 4 d’un élément de carrosserie revêtu d’un revêtement selon un cinquième mode de réalisation de l’invention ;  - Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 4 of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a fifth embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 13 est une vue similaire à la figure 4 d’un élément de carrosserie revêtu d’un revêtement selon un sixième mode de réalisation de l’invention ;  - Figure 13 is a view similar to Figure 4 of a bodywork element coated with a coating according to a sixth embodiment of the invention;
- la figure 14 est une vue schématique en perspective d’un film de support utilisé pour réaliser un revêtement d’un élément de carrosserie selon un septième mode de réalisation de l’invention.  - Figure 14 is a schematic perspective view of a support film used to make a coating of a bodywork element according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
[00045] On a représenté à la figure 1 la partie avant 10 d’un véhicule automobile, munie de deux éléments de carrosserie 12 selon l’invention. Les éléments de carrosserie 12 sont, par exemple, disposés ici au-dessus des feux avant 13, pour rehausser la ligne des feux avant 13. There is shown in Figure 1 the front part 10 of a motor vehicle, provided with two body elements 12 according to the invention. The elements of body 12 are, for example, arranged here above the front lights 13, to enhance the line of front lights 13.
[00046] L’élément de carrosserie 12 comprend une paroi 14 formée d’une matière transparente ou translucide, derrière laquelle est disposée une source de lumière 16.  The bodywork element 12 comprises a wall 14 formed of a transparent or translucent material, behind which is arranged a light source 16.
[00047] La paroi 14 comporte sur sa face externe 18, c’est-à-dire sur la face du support regardant à l’extérieur du véhicule et visible de l’extérieur, un revêtement de décor semi transparent ou semi translucide 20.  The wall 14 has on its outer face 18, that is to say on the face of the support looking outside the vehicle and visible from the outside, a coating of semi-transparent or semi-translucent decoration 20.
[00048] La face externe 18 possède, lorsque la source de lumière 16 est éteinte, des premières composantes trichromatiques prédéterminées.  The external face 18 has, when the light source 16 is switched off, first predetermined trichromatic components.
[00049] Les premières composantes trichromatiques prédéterminées sont avantageusement choisies comme étant les mêmes que celles de la couleur qui a été retenue pour le restant de la carrosserie du véhicule automobile. Ainsi, lorsque la source de lumière 16 est éteinte, l’élément de carrosserie 12 ne peut pas être distingué, au toucher ou à l’œil nu (ou du moins, pas à moins de s’en approcher de très près), du reste de la carrosserie de la partie avant 10 du véhicule.  The first predetermined trichromatic components are advantageously chosen to be the same as those of the color which has been used for the rest of the bodywork of the motor vehicle. Thus, when the light source 16 is switched off, the bodywork element 12 cannot be distinguished, by touch or with the naked eye (or at least, unless approached very closely), from the rest of the bodywork of the front part 10 of the vehicle.
[00050] Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l’invention représenté à la figure 2, l’élément de carrosserie 10 comprend une structure de carrosserie 21 réalisée dans un matériau opaque, munie d’un insert 22 formé d’une matière transparente ou translucide disposé sur un support 24 formant partie de la structure de carrosserie. Dans cette variante, la paroi 14 est une paroi de l’insert 24, et la face externe 18 de la paroi la face externe de l’insert 24. La source de lumière 16 est disposée entre le support 24 et l’insert 22.  According to a first embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, the body member 10 comprises a body structure 21 made of an opaque material, provided with an insert 22 formed of a transparent material or translucent disposed on a support 24 forming part of the body structure. In this variant, the wall 14 is a wall of the insert 24, and the external face 18 of the wall the external face of the insert 24. The light source 16 is disposed between the support 24 and the insert 22.
[00051] Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l’invention représenté à la figure 3, l’élément de carrosserie comprend une structure de carrosserie 21 réalisée dans un matériau transparent ou translucide, la paroi 14 étant une portion de la paroi de la structure de carrosserie. La source de lumière 16 là aussi disposée derrière la paroi 14, en étant par exemple retenue par un support 24.  According to a second embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3, the bodywork element comprises a bodywork structure 21 made of a transparent or translucent material, the wall 14 being a portion of the wall of the structure of bodywork. The light source 16 again arranged behind the wall 14, for example being retained by a support 24.
[00052] La paroi 14 est réalisée à l’aide d’un matériau tel que, à titre d’exemple et de manière non exclusive, du Polycarbonate (PC), du Polyméthacrylate de Méthyle (PMMA), du Polyuréthane (PU), de l’Acrylonitrile Butadiène Styrène (ABS) ou encore de l’Acrilonitrile Styrène Acrylate (ASA), du styrène acrilonitrile (SAN), un mélange d’Acrilonitrile Styrène Acrylate et de Polycarbonate, un mélange de Poolycarbonate et de Polytéréphtalate d’Ethylène) ou encore de polyoléfine amorphe tels que cyclo- oléfines copolymères (COC) ou cyclo-oléfines-polymères (COP).  The wall 14 is made using a material such as, by way of example and not exclusively, Polycarbonate (PC), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Polyurethane (PU), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) or Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA), styrene acrilonitrile (SAN), a mixture of Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate and Polycarbonate, a mixture of Poolycarbonate and Polyterephthalate of Ethylene) or also of amorphous polyolefin such as cyclo-olefins copolymers (COC) or cyclo-olefins-polymers (COP).
[00053] Les pièces réalisées à l’aide de ces matériaux thermoplastiques peuvent être obtenues par injection ou par moulage. La forme de la paroi 14 est alors adaptée à volonté pour s’harmoniser avec la forme de la carrosserie sur laquelle, ou autour de laquelle, l’élément de carrosserie 12 est disposé. L’épaisseur de la paroi 14 n’est pas limitée, et se détermine en fonction de la forme et de la rigidité de l’élément de carrosserie 12 que l’on cherche à réaliser ; elle peut donc varier de quelques millimètres à un, voire deux, centimètres, de préférence entre 2,5 mm et 4 mm. The parts produced using these thermoplastic materials can be obtained by injection or by molding. The shape of the wall 14 is then adapted at will to harmonize with the shape of the bodywork on which, or around which, the body element 12 is disposed. The thickness of the wall 14 is not limited, and is determined as a function of the shape and the rigidity of the bodywork element 12 that one seeks to achieve; it can therefore vary from a few millimeters to one, or even two, centimeters, preferably between 2.5 mm and 4 mm.
[00054] Le support 24 est une pièce de la carrosserie réalisée de préférence à l’aide d’un matériau opaque tel que par exemple un Polypropylène chargé tel que celui qui est utilisé couramment dans l’industrie automobile pour réaliser les ouvrants ou les pièces rapportées sur la carrosserie telles que les coques de rétroviseurs. Le support 3 peut également se confondre avec la pièce de structure sur lequel l’élément de carrosserie 1 est fixé.  The support 24 is a part of the bodywork preferably made using an opaque material such as for example a loaded polypropylene such as that which is commonly used in the automotive industry to produce the openings or the parts attached to the bodywork such as the mirror caps. The support 3 can also be confused with the structural part on which the bodywork element 1 is fixed.
[00055] La source de lumière 16 est de préférence un dispositif optique comprenant des diodes électroluminescentes (LEDs) ou des fibres optiques de faible diamètre, qui peuvent être disposées en nappes ou en torons. De telles nappes sont décrites notamment dans FR 3 046 387, du même demandeur. Sur les figures 3 et 4, la source de lumière 16 comprend une pluralité de diodes 25.  The light source 16 is preferably an optical device comprising light emitting diodes (LEDs) or small diameter optical fibers, which can be arranged in layers or strands. Such plies are described in particular in FR 3,046,387, by the same applicant. In FIGS. 3 and 4, the light source 16 comprises a plurality of diodes 25.
[00056] Le revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide 20 a une première fonction esthétique qui est de conférer une teinte à l’élément de carrosserie 1 de sorte que la face externe de cet élément s’intégre aux pièces de carrosserie adjacentes. La couleur choisie est ici de préférence identique à la couleur des pièces de carrosserie.  The semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating 20 has a first aesthetic function which is to impart a color to the bodywork element 1 so that the external face of this element integrates with the adjacent bodywork parts. The color chosen here is preferably identical to the color of the body parts.
[00057] La seconde fonction du revêtement de décor 14 est de laisser passer tout ou partie de la lumière émise par la source de lumière 16. Il importe donc de choisir un revêtement de faible épaisseur.  The second function of the decorative coating 14 is to let all or part of the light emitted by the light source 16 pass. It is therefore important to choose a thin coating.
[00058] Dans les variantes illustrées aux figures 4 à 12, le revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide 20 comprend un primaire 26 dont l’épaisseur est de préférence comprise entre 5 et 30 micromètres, une base teintée 28 dont l’épaisseur est de préférence comprise entre 2 et 15 micromètres, et un vernis transparent 30 dont l’épaisseur est de préférence comprise entre 5 et 30 micromètres.  In the variants illustrated in Figures 4 to 12, the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating 20 comprises a primer 26 whose thickness is preferably between 5 and 30 micrometers, a tinted base 28 whose thickness is preferably between 2 and 15 micrometers, and a transparent varnish 30 whose thickness is preferably between 5 and 30 micrometers.
[00059] Dans la première variante illustrée aux figures 4 et 5, le revêtement 20 est muni de perforations 31 à travers lesquelles le rayonnement de la source de lumière 16 peut passer, de sorte que lorsque la source de lumière 16 est allumée, la longueur d’onde du rayonnement émis par la source de lumière traversant la paroi 14 et le revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide 20 est modifiée de façon que la face externe 18 possède des secondes composantes trichromatiques prédéterminées, distinctes des premières composantes trichromatiques prédéterminées.  In the first variant illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, the coating 20 is provided with perforations 31 through which the radiation from the light source 16 can pass, so that when the light source 16 is on, the length wave of the radiation emitted by the light source passing through the wall 14 and the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating 20 is modified so that the external face 18 has second predetermined trichromatic components, distinct from the first predetermined trichromatic components.
[00060] La taille des perforations peut par exemple être choisie de telle sorte qu’elles ne soient pas ou peu visibles à l’œil nu, ou du moins, pas à condition de s’en approcher de très près. Elle peut par exemple résulter d’un compromis entre l’obtention de la transmittance recherchée pour le revêtement et leur discrétion sur la pièce finale obtenue On pourra également, de façon complémentaire ou alternative, choisir la couche du revêtement à perforer de sorte à conserver l’aspect de la teinte et ainsi faire en sorte que l’élément de carrosserie reste sensiblement identique au reste de la carrosserie. The size of the perforations can, for example, be chosen so that they are not or hardly visible to the naked eye, or at least, not on condition of approaching them very closely. It can for example result from a compromise between obtaining of the transmittance sought for the coating and their discretion on the final part obtained. It is also possible, in a complementary or alternative manner, to choose the layer of the coating to be perforated so as to preserve the appearance of the shade and thus ensure that the body element remains substantially identical to the rest of the body.
[00061] Dans un premier mode de réalisation, comme on peut le voir à la figure 5, c’est la base teintée 28 qui est munie de perforations 31. De telles perforations peuvent être obtenues par attaque chimique de la couche de peinture de la base teintée 28. On obtient ainsi des perforations sous forme de micro-craquelures 31. On peut également envisager que les perforations 31 soient obtenues par attaque mécanique ou encore thermique.  In a first embodiment, as can be seen in FIG. 5, it is the tinted base 28 which is provided with perforations 31. Such perforations can be obtained by chemical attack on the paint layer of the tinted base 28. Perforations are thus obtained in the form of micro-cracks 31. It is also conceivable that the perforations 31 are obtained by mechanical or thermal attack.
[00062] Les perforations 31 peuvent également être obtenues par application d’un rayon laser sur le revêtement 20 ou la partie du revêtement concerné.  The perforations 31 can also be obtained by applying a laser beam to the coating 20 or the part of the coating concerned.
[00063] Par exemple, une perforation 31 peut résulter de l’impact d’une unique impulsion issu d’une tête laser. On parle dans ce cas de micro perforation.  For example, a perforation 31 can result from the impact of a single pulse from a laser head. We speak in this case of micro perforation.
[00064] Une perforation 31 peut également résulter d’une succession d’impulsions issues d’une tête laser, appliquées en succession, de sorte à obtenir une perforation de dimensions plus importantes qu’une micro perforation. Une telle perforation peut être notamment être obtenue par balayage de la tête laser, de sorte à obtenir une succession de micro perforations adjacentes ou se recouvrant les unes les autres. On parle alors de décapage surfacique par grattage laser.  A perforation 31 can also result from a succession of pulses from a laser head, applied in succession, so as to obtain a perforation of larger dimensions than a micro perforation. Such a perforation can in particular be obtained by scanning the laser head, so as to obtain a succession of adjacent micro perforations or overlapping each other. This is called surface stripping by laser scraping.
[00065] Ainsi, dans un autre mode de réalisation illustré aux figures 6 et 7, la base teintée 28 est munie de micro perforations 32 obtenues par attaque par rayonnement laser. Selon ce mode de réalisation particulier, le rayonnement laser a une longueur d’onde dans les infra-rouges proches, de préférence comprise entre 780nm et 3000nm, par exemple 1064nm. L’application du rayonnement laser est de préférence effectuée par une série d’impulsions, la durée de chaque impulsion étant inférieure à 150 ns.  Thus, in another embodiment illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, the tinted base 28 is provided with micro perforations 32 obtained by attack by laser radiation. According to this particular embodiment, the laser radiation has a wavelength in the near infrared, preferably between 780nm and 3000nm, for example 1064nm. The application of laser radiation is preferably carried out by a series of pulses, the duration of each pulse being less than 150 ns.
[00066] En effet, un laser dans l’infra-rouge proche et plus particulièrement à la longueur d’onde 1064 nm permet d’obtenir de bons résultats. Les résultats seront d’autant plus satisfaisants avec une bonne qualité de faisceau. On entend ici par bonne qualité de faisceau lorsque que le profil d’intensité du laser est Gaussien. Par exemple, un laser de source Ytterbium permet d’obtenir des résultats particulièrement satisfaisants.  In fact, a laser in the near infrared and more particularly at the wavelength 1064 nm makes it possible to obtain good results. The results will be all the more satisfactory with good beam quality. By good beam quality is meant here when the intensity profile of the laser is Gaussian. For example, a Ytterbium source laser makes it possible to obtain particularly satisfactory results.
[00067] L’application du rayonnement laser est effectuée par une série d’impulsions, la période entre chaque impulsion étant de préférence inférieure à 150 ns. Pour un laser dans les infra-rouges, une durée d’impulsion inférieure à 150 nanosecondes permet en effet d’améliorer la qualité et la netteté de la perforation. Une diminution de cette durée d’impulsion améliora encore davantage la qualité et la netteté de la perforation. Par exemple, la durée d’impulsion pourra être inférieure à 1 picoseconde, voire inférieure à 1 femtoseconde. The application of laser radiation is carried out by a series of pulses, the period between each pulse being preferably less than 150 ns. For a laser in the infrared, a pulse duration of less than 150 nanoseconds makes it possible to improve the quality and the sharpness of the perforation. A decrease of this pulse duration further improved the quality and sharpness of the perforation. For example, the pulse duration could be less than 1 picosecond, or even less than 1 femtosecond.
[00068] Les micro perforations 32 sont dans cet exemple particulier des trous sensiblement circulaires, dont le diamètre sera choisi selon que l’on souhaite privilégier le fait qu’ils soient le moins visibles à l’œil nu, ou au contraire le fait qu’ils laissent davantage passer le rayonnement issu de la source de lumière 16.  The micro perforations 32 are in this particular example substantially circular holes, the diameter of which will be chosen depending on whether one wishes to favor the fact that they are the least visible to the naked eye, or on the contrary the fact that '' they allow more radiation to pass through from the light source 16.
[00069] Dans le cas où l’on souhaite privilégier le fait que les micro perforations 32 soient le moins visibles à l’œil nu, on choisira un diamètre de perforation compris entre 2 à 20 microns. A l’inverse, dans le cas où l’on souhaite privilégier le fait que les perforations 32 laissent davantage passer le rayonnement issu de la source de lumière 16, on choisira un diamètre de perforation plus grand, compris entre 20 à 300 microns. Un bon compromis consiste à choisir un diamètre de perforation est compris entre 20 et 100 microns.  In the case where it is desired to favor the fact that the micro perforations 32 are the least visible to the naked eye, a perforation diameter of between 2 to 20 microns will be chosen. Conversely, in the case where it is desired to favor the fact that the perforations 32 allow more radiation to pass through from the light source 16, a larger perforation diameter will be chosen, between 20 to 300 microns. A good compromise is to choose a perforation diameter between 20 and 100 microns.
[00070] L’espacement entre chaque impact dépendra de l’effet et l’intensité lumineuse souhaité. Des espacements de 0,1 à 0.9 mm entre chaque impact parait pertinent. On choisira des motifs de micro perforations 32 (quadrillage des impacts du rayonnement laser) selon l’effet optique que l’on souhaite obtenir.  The spacing between each impact will depend on the effect and the desired light intensity. Spaces of 0.1 to 0.9 mm between each impact seem relevant. We will choose micro-perforation patterns 32 (gridding of the impacts of laser radiation) according to the optical effect that we want to obtain.
[00071] Par exemple, une disposition rectiligne et à espacement constant des micro perforations 32 donnera un effet très homogène, alors qu’un arrangement plus aléatoire et/ou avec des espacements variables donnera un effet plus hétérogène qui pourrait être souhaité pour des raisons de style.  For example, a rectilinear arrangement and at constant spacing of the micro perforations 32 will give a very homogeneous effect, while a more random arrangement and / or with variable spacings will give a more heterogeneous effect which could be desired for reasons of style.
[00072] Dans une variante, le rayonnement laser a une longueur d’onde dans les ultra-violets et par exemple à 355 nm. En effet, un laser dans l’infra-rouge proche et plus particulièrement à la longueur d’onde 1064 nm permet d’obtenir de bons résultats  In a variant, the laser radiation has a wavelength in ultraviolet rays and for example at 355 nm. Indeed, a laser in the near infrared and more particularly at the wavelength 1064 nm allows to obtain good results
[00073] On choisira un tel rayonnement pour obtenir des micro perforations 32 de qualité lorsque la peinture à ablater a une mauvaise absorption dans le proche infra rouge, ou lorsque la peinture est recouverte par une dernière couche de vernis d’épaisseur importante (au-delà de 30 microns).  We choose such radiation to obtain quality micro-perforations 32 when the paint to be ablated has poor absorption in the near infrared, or when the paint is covered by a last layer of varnish of significant thickness (au- above 30 microns).
[00074] En outre, à écartement constant entre les micro perforations 32, les perforations sont plus nettes avec un laser à longueur d’onde dans les ultra-violets. On privilégiera une durée d’impulsion inférieure à 15 nanosecondes.  In addition, at constant spacing between the micro perforations 32, the perforations are sharper with a wavelength laser in ultraviolet light. We prefer a pulse duration of less than 15 nanoseconds.
[00075] Selon un mode de réalisation préféré illustré à la figure 8, les perforations 31 sont pratiquées dans la couche de primaire 26. Plus particulièrement, les perforations 31 traversent la couche de primaire 26 de part en part, autrement dit dans toute l’épaisseur de la couche de primaire 26.  According to a preferred embodiment illustrated in Figure 8, the perforations 31 are formed in the primer layer 26. More particularly, the perforations 31 pass through the primer layer 26 right through, in other words throughout thickness of the primer layer 26.
[00076] Les perforations 31 sont dans ce mode de réalisation obtenues de préférence par application d’un rayonnement laser. Pour ce faire, une perforation 31 peut par exemple résulter d’une succession d’impulsions d’une tête laser, appliquées en succession, de sorte à obtenir une perforation de dimensions plus importantes qu’une micro perforation. En effet, le fait de choisir de pratiquer les perforations dans la couche de primaire permet de conserver l’aspect de la couche de base teintée 28 et ainsi faire en sorte que l’élément de carrosserie 10 reste sensiblement identique au reste de la carrosserie. The perforations 31 are in this embodiment obtained from preferably by applying laser radiation. To do this, a perforation 31 can for example result from a succession of pulses from a laser head, applied in succession, so as to obtain a perforation of larger dimensions than a micro perforation. Indeed, the fact of choosing to make the perforations in the primer layer makes it possible to preserve the appearance of the tinted base layer 28 and thus ensure that the bodywork element 10 remains substantially identical to the rest of the bodywork.
[00077] Une telle perforation 31 peut être notamment être obtenue par balayage de la tête laser, de sorte à obtenir une succession de micro perforations adjacentes et/ou se recouvrant les unes les autres, également appelé décapage surfacique par grattage laser. On pourra notamment appliquer le rayonnement laser du mode de réalisation des figures 6 et 7.  Such a perforation 31 can in particular be obtained by scanning the laser head, so as to obtain a succession of adjacent micro perforations and / or overlapping each other, also called surface stripping by laser scraping. In particular, it is possible to apply the laser radiation of the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7.
[00078] Les performations successives peuvent se chevaucher, et être espacées d’une distance centre-à-centre de 10 à 300 micromètres. La superposition de ces chevauchements dans plusieurs directions permet avantageusement de créer un motif.  Successive performances can overlap, and be spaced by a center-to-center distance of 10 to 300 micrometers. The superposition of these overlaps in several directions advantageously makes it possible to create a pattern.
[00079] Les inventeurs ont en effet remarqué, de façon surprenante, que l’absence localisée de couche de primaire 26, ne nuit pas, comme l’on pouvait s’y attendre, à l’adhérence de la couche de base teintée 28 appliquée par la suite sur la face externe 18 de la paroi. Une explication possible est que l’attaque subie par la couche de primaire 26 pour la retirer, notamment la chaleur émise par l’application du rayonnement laser, aurait un effet sur la face externe 18 favorisant l’adhérence de la couche de base teintée 28 sur la face externe 18.  The inventors have in fact remarked, surprisingly, that the localized absence of primer layer 26 does not harm, as might be expected, the adhesion of the tinted base layer 28 subsequently applied to the external face 18 of the wall. One possible explanation is that the attack suffered by the primer layer 26 to remove it, in particular the heat emitted by the application of laser radiation, would have an effect on the external face 18 promoting the adhesion of the tinted base layer 28 on the external face 18.
[00080] Les perforations 31 ont une forme quelconque et ne sont pas limitées à une forme circulaire. Comme illustré à la figure 8, les perforations 31 peuvent être réparties de façon quelconque, ou, de façon analogue au mode de réalisation des figures 6 et 7, à espacement constant.  The perforations 31 have any shape and are not limited to a circular shape. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the perforations 31 can be distributed in any manner, or, in a similar manner to the embodiment of FIGS. 6 and 7, at constant spacing.
[00081] On va maintenant décrire un procédé d’application du revêtement 30 sur l’élément de carrosserie 12 selon l’invention.  We will now describe a method of applying the coating 30 on the bodywork element 12 according to the invention.
[00082] Au cours d’une première étape, on applique une couche de primaire 26 sur la face externe 18 de la paroi de l’élément de carrosserie 12. Cette étape est réalisée de façon connue de l’homme du métier à l’aide d’un applicateur de primaire que l’on ne redécrira pas ici.  During a first step, a primer layer 26 is applied to the outer face 18 of the wall of the bodywork element 12. This step is carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art. using a primary applicator which we will not describe here.
[00083] Puis, on applique un rayonnement laser en certaines zones localisées de la couche de primaire 26 de sorte à obtenir des perforations 31. Comme indiqué plus haut, les perforations 31 traversent la couche de part en part, de sorte que les zones perforées ne comprennent plus, localement, de primaire 26.  Then, laser radiation is applied to certain localized areas of the primer layer 26 so as to obtain perforations 31. As indicated above, the perforations 31 pass through the layer right through, so that the perforated areas no longer include, locally, primary 26.
[00084] De préférence, le rayonnement laser est appliqué en un ou plusieurs balayages, un balayage étant constitué d’une série d’impulsions par une têtes laser. On obtient par exemple les perforations par une succession de micro perforations se recouvrant les unes les autres à la suite d’une succession de balayages. Preferably, the laser radiation is applied in one or more scans, a scan consisting of a series of pulses by a laser head. Perforations are obtained for example by a succession of micro perforations overlapping each other following a succession of scans.
[00085] Pour procéder à l’application du rayonnement laser, on interrompt le processus habituel de peinture pour une pièce de carrosserie extérieure, connu de l’industrie automobile. En particulier, on pourra notamment retirer l’élément de carrosserie 12 du poste de peinture habituel connu de l’industrie automobile pour le faire passer vers un autre poste dédié au décapage par rayonnement laser.  To proceed with the application of laser radiation, the usual painting process for an exterior bodywork part known to the automotive industry is interrupted. In particular, it is possible in particular to remove the bodywork element 12 from the usual paint station known from the automotive industry to pass it to another station dedicated to pickling by laser radiation.
[00086] On applique ensuite une couche de base teintée 28, directement sur la face externe 18 ainsi revêtue d’une couche de primaire 26 perforée localement. Pour ce faire, on peut notamment retirer l’élément de carrosserie 12 du poste dédié au décapage par rayonnement laser pour le réintégrer dans le poste de peinture habituel connu de l’industrie automobile.  Then applying a tinted base layer 28, directly on the outer face 18 thus coated with a primer layer 26 perforated locally. To do this, it is possible in particular to remove the bodywork element 12 from the station dedicated to pickling by laser radiation to reintegrate it in the usual painting station known to the automotive industry.
[00087] On applique enfin une couche de vernis transparent 30 sur la couche de base teintée 38 ainsi appliquée.  Finally, a layer of transparent varnish 30 is applied to the tinted base layer 38 thus applied.
[00088] Dans une variante illustrée aux figures 9 et 10, afin d’éviter les défauts de surfaces pouvant apparaître au niveau des perforations 31 ,32 du fait que le support n'est plus protégé des UV et de l'humidité (voir figure 9), ou d’éviter que les perforations 31 ,32 ne se bouchent au contact de l'environnement (comme par exemple de la poussière), ce qui pourrait empêcher le rayonnement issu de la source de lumière 16 de passer, on prévoit d’utiliser moyens de comblement des perforations 31 ,32.  In a variant illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, in order to avoid surface defects that may appear at the perforations 31, 32 because the support is no longer protected from UV and humidity (see figure 9), or to prevent the perforations 31, 32 from becoming blocked in contact with the environment (such as for example dust), which could prevent the radiation from the light source 16 from passing through, provision is made for '' use means for filling the perforations 31, 32.
[00089] Une solution serait de déposer une deuxième couche de vernis mais celui- ci ne peut pas se déposer jusqu'au fond du trou réalisé par le laser car, d’une part, la taille de la gouttelette de peinture peut être plus grande que le diamètre du trou et, d’autre part, il n’est pas possible d'évacuer l'air avant de déposer une éventuelle deuxième couche de vernis.  One solution would be to deposit a second layer of varnish, but this cannot be deposited up to the bottom of the hole made by the laser because, on the one hand, the size of the paint droplet can be larger. as the diameter of the hole and, on the other hand, it is not possible to evacuate the air before depositing a possible second layer of varnish.
[00090] Ainsi, on prévoit que la couche de vernis 30 transparent du revêtement 20 soit préalablement chauffée à l'endroit du décor à une température provoquant le fluage du vernis. Dans le cas d’un vernis réalisé à partir d’un matériau polymère, cette température est supérieure à la température de transition vitreuse du matériau polymère. La température de chauffage sera par exemple comprise entre 23°C et 60°C, ce qui correspond à la température de transition vitreuse des vernis habituellement utilisés dans le contexte de la peinture d’éléments de carrosserie.  Thus, it is expected that the transparent varnish layer 30 of the coating 20 is previously heated at the location of the decor to a temperature causing the creep of the varnish. In the case of a varnish produced from a polymer material, this temperature is higher than the glass transition temperature of the polymer material. The heating temperature will for example be between 23 ° C and 60 ° C, which corresponds to the glass transition temperature of the varnishes usually used in the context of the painting of bodywork elements.
[00091] Le fluage du vernis permet de le rendre visqueux, voire fluide, de sorte qu’il puisse combler les perforations 31 , 32 présentes dans la base teintée 28, ainsi qu’illustré à la figure 10. En outre, du fait du chauffage, l'air se dilate dans les perforations 31 , 32. Ainsi, lorsque la température revient à la température ambiante, le volume air qui peut rester emprisonné est minime et ne peut donc pas engendrer l’apparition de bulles microscopiques. Un avantage supplémentaire engendré par l’exposition à la chaleur du vernis est qu’il permet de retendre le vernis à ces endroits et d’ainsi faire disparaître des défauts de surface tels que les micro-rayures dans le vernis par l'exposition à la chaleur. On parle de phénomène de cicatrisation du vernis. The creep of the varnish makes it viscous, even fluid, so that it can fill the perforations 31, 32 present in the tinted base 28, as illustrated in Figure 10. In addition, due to the heating, the air expands in the perforations 31, 32. Thus, when the temperature returns to ambient temperature, the air volume which can remain trapped is minimal and therefore cannot cause the appearance of microscopic bubbles. An additional advantage generated by the exposure to the heat of the varnish is that it makes it possible to re-tighten the varnish in these places and thus to remove surface defects such as micro-scratches in the varnish by exposure to the heat. We are talking about the phenomenon of scarring of the varnish.
[00092] Dans une variante, pouvant être utilisée en substitution ou en sus de l’étape du chauffage du vernis 30, avant l’application du vernis 30, on applique sur la base teintée 28 perforée une couche supplémentaire d’un produit permettant de boucher les pores de la peinture. Un tel produit comprend des particules polymères qui par capillarité sont absorbées dans la peinture de finition de sorte à en boucher les pores. Un exemple d’un tel produit bouche-pore est connu dans le commerce sous la dénomination WAXOYL 100 PLUS ou WAXOYL 100 PLUS CARCARE. Un tel produit bouche-pore permet de s’insérer dans les perforations 31 , 32.  In a variant, which can be used in substitution for or in addition to the step of heating the varnish 30, before the application of the varnish 30, an additional layer of a product is applied to the tinted perforated base 28 for plug the pores of the paint. Such a product comprises polymer particles which by capillary action are absorbed in the finishing paint so as to clog the pores. An example of such a sealant product is known in the trade under the name WAXOYL 100 PLUS or WAXOYL 100 PLUS CARCARE. Such a sealant product can be inserted into the perforations 31, 32.
[00093] Pour éviter la poussière générée par de l’application du rayonnement laser, on prévoit une seconde couche de vernis 30’ par-dessus la base teintée 28, qui sera également attaquée par le laser et munie de perforations 32 traversantes. Dans une autre variante non représentée, ces perforations atteindront la paroi 14 et passeront donc à travers le primaire 26.  To avoid the dust generated by the application of laser radiation, a second layer of varnish 30 ’is provided over the tinted base 28, which will also be attacked by the laser and provided with through holes 32. In another variant not shown, these perforations will reach the wall 14 and will therefore pass through the primer 26.
[00094] Dans encore un autre mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 11 , on pourra, en complément des perforations 31 réalisées dans le revêtement 20, prévoir que le revêtement 20 comprenne une couche de pigments 34 fluorescents ou colorants.  In yet another embodiment illustrated in Figure 11, we can, in addition to the perforations 31 made in the coating 20, provide that the coating 20 comprises a layer of fluorescent or coloring pigments 34.
[00095] De préférence, les pigments fluorescents sont réalisés à base de Terres Rares, notamment des lanthanides, ou de structures aromatiques tels que le xanthène, les rhodamines, les aminonapthalimides, les périnones, et les thioindigos. Les pigments colorants peuvent être solubles dans la matière, ce qui permet une bonne transmission à la lumière, ou être des pigments, comme par exemple du noir de carbone.  Preferably, the fluorescent pigments are made from Rare Earths, in particular lanthanides, or from aromatic structures such as xanthene, rhodamines, aminonapthalimides, perinones, and thioindigos. The coloring pigments can be soluble in the material, which allows good transmission to light, or be pigments, such as, for example, carbon black.
[00096] De tels pigments permettent de modifier le spectre du rayonnement émis par la source de lumière 16 et agissent ainsi comme un filtre chromatique.  [00096] Such pigments make it possible to modify the spectrum of the radiation emitted by the light source 16 and thus act as a chromatic filter.
[00097] Dans encore un autre mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 12, on pourra, en complément des perforations 31 réalisées dans le revêtement 20, prévoir que le revêtement 20 comprenne un film électroluminescent 35, alimenté par une source d’énergie électrique 35. On rappelle ici qu’un film électroluminescent 35 comprend des particules électroluminescentes, aptes à être excitées par un courant électrique de sorte à modifier le spectre du rayonnement qui les traverse.  In yet another embodiment illustrated in Figure 12, we can, in addition to the perforations 31 made in the coating 20, provide that the coating 20 comprises an electroluminescent film 35, powered by a source of electrical energy 35 It is recalled here that an electroluminescent film 35 comprises electroluminescent particles, capable of being excited by an electric current so as to modify the spectrum of the radiation which passes through them.
[00098] Le film électrominescent 35 peut être obtenu de la façon suivante. Une couche de film est appliquée sur un substrat en utilisant un matériau électriquement conducteur, puis une couche de film diélectrique, puis une couche de film de phosphore, le phosphore étant excité par radiation ultraviolette durant son application. Une couche de film électrode est ensuite appliquée. Le film de phosphore est excitable par le courant électrique envoyé par la source d’énergie électrique 36, de sorte à obtenir une lumière électroluminescente. The electrominescent film 35 can be obtained in the following manner. A layer of film is applied to a substrate using an electrically conductive material, then a layer of dielectric film, then a layer of film of phosphorus, the phosphorus being excited by ultraviolet radiation during its application. A layer of electrode film is then applied. The phosphor film is excitable by the electric current sent by the electric power source 36, so as to obtain an electroluminescent light.
[00099] Dans encore un autre mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 13, c’est la paroi 14 qui est munie de perforations 38, de préférence sous forme d’orifices borgnes 38. Les couches de primaire 26 et de base teintée 28 ne sont ici appliquées que dans les orifices 38, qu’elles permettent de combler. Le reste de la surface extérieure 141 de la paroi n’est pas recouvert de primaire 26 ou de base teintée 28. Pour permettre à la surface extérieure de la surface externe de la paroi 141 de ne pas être couverte de primaire 26 ou de base teintée 28, on pourra envisager un nettoyage de cette surface 141 , par exemple avec passage d’une « raclette ». Puis, une couche de vernis transparent 30 est appliqué, recouvrant à la fois la base teintée 28 et directement la surface externe de la paroi 141 là où elle n’a pas été perforée. La lumière passe à travers la surface externe 141. La taille des orifices est choisie de telle sorte qu’ils ne soient pas visibles à l’œil nu, ou du moins, pas à condition de s’en approcher de très près.  In yet another embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13, it is the wall 14 which is provided with perforations 38, preferably in the form of blind holes 38. The layers of primer 26 and of tinted base 28 do not are applied here only in the orifices 38, which they make it possible to fill. The rest of the outer surface 141 of the wall is not covered with primer 26 or tinted base 28. To allow the outer surface of the outer surface of wall 141 not to be covered with primer 26 or tinted base 28, we could consider cleaning this surface 141, for example with the passage of a "squeegee". Then, a layer of transparent varnish 30 is applied, covering both the tinted base 28 and directly the external surface of the wall 141 where it has not been perforated. Light passes through the external surface 141. The size of the orifices is chosen so that they are not visible to the naked eye, or at least, provided that they are approached very closely.
[000100] Dans encore un autre mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 14, le revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide est réalisé en respectant les étapes suivantes :  In yet another embodiment illustrated in FIG. 14, the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating is produced by respecting the following steps:
- fourniture d’un film de support 40,  - supply of a support film 40,
- dépôt d’une encre de masquage 41 sur le film de support 40,  - depositing a masking ink 41 on the support film 40,
- thermoformage du film de support 40,  thermoforming of the support film 40,
- surmoulage de la paroi 14 sur le film 40,  - overmolding of the wall 14 on the film 40,
- retrait du film de la paroi 14, l’encre de masquage 41 restant sur la paroi 14, - removal of the film from the wall 14, the masking ink 41 remaining on the wall 14,
- application d’une couche de primaire 26, - application of a primer coat 26,
- application d’une couche de base teintée 28,  - application of a tinted base coat 28,
- application d’un vernis 30.  - application of a varnish 30.
[000101 ] De façon optionnelle, on nettoie le revêtement 20 ainsi obtenu avant d’y appliquer une couche de vernis de protection.  [000101] Optionally, the coating 20 thus obtained is cleaned before applying a layer of protective varnish.
[000102] Du fait de l’application de l’encre de masquage 41 , les couches de primaire 26 et de base teintée 28 n’adhèrent pas dans les zones où l’encre de masquage 41 a été appliquée, ce qui créé des perforations dans le revêtement.  Due to the application of the masking ink 41, the primer 26 and tinted base 28 layers do not adhere in the areas where the masking ink 41 has been applied, which creates perforations in the coating.
[000103] L'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation présentés et d'autres modes de réalisation apparaîtront clairement à l'homme du métier. Il est notamment possible de combiner les modes de réalisations évoqués ci-dessus.  The invention is not limited to the embodiments presented and other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is in particular possible to combine the embodiments mentioned above.
[0010] Par ailleurs, il pourrait être envisagé de se passer de la source de lumière pour n’utiliser qu’un film électroluminescent. Furthermore, it could be envisaged to do without the light source to use only an electroluminescent film.
Liste des références List of references
10 : Partie avant de la carrosserie 10: Front part of the body
12 : Elément de carrosserie  12: Body element
14 : Paroi de l’élément de carrosserie  14: Wall of the body element
16 : Source de lumière  16: Light source
18 : Face externe de la paroi  18: External face of the wall
20 : Revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide 20: Semi transparent or semi translucent coating
21 : Structure de carrosserie 21: Body structure
22 : Insert  22: Insert
24 : Support de l’insert ou de la source de lumière 24: Support for insert or light source
25 : LEDs 25: LEDs
26 : primaire  26: primary
28 : base teintée  28: tinted base
30 : vernis transparent  30: transparent varnish
30’ : vernis transparent supplémentaire  30 ’: additional transparent varnish
31 : perforations  31: perforations
32 : micro-perforations  32: micro-perforations
34 : couche de pigments luminescents ou colorants 36 : source d’énergie électrique  34: layer of luminescent pigments or dyes 36: source of electrical energy
38 : orifices de la paroi 38: wall holes
40 : film de support  40: support film
41 : encre de masquage  41: masking ink
141 : surface externe de la paroi non perforée  141: external surface of the non-perforated wall

Claims

Revendications Claims
1. Elément de carrosserie (12) de véhicule automobile comprenant une paroi (14) formée d’une matière transparente ou translucide, derrière laquelle est disposée une source de lumière (16), une face externe (18) de la paroi étant revêtue d’un revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide (20) coloré, la face externe (18) possédant, lorsque la source de lumière (16) est éteinte, des premières composantes trichromatiques prédéterminées, 1. Body element (12) of a motor vehicle comprising a wall (14) formed of a transparent or translucent material, behind which is disposed a light source (16), an external face (18) of the wall being coated with a colored semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating (20), the external face (18) having, when the light source (16) is switched off, first predetermined trichromatic components,
caractérisé en ce que le revêtement (20) et/ou la paroi (14) comprennent des perforations (31 , 32) à travers lesquelles le rayonnement de la source de lumière (16) peut passer, de sorte que lorsque la source de lumière (16) est allumée, la longueur d’onde du rayonnement émis par la source de lumière traversant la paroi (14) et le revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide (20) est modifiée de façon que la face externe (18) possède des secondes composantes trichromatiques prédéterminées, distinctes des premières composantes trichromatiques prédéterminées.  characterized in that the covering (20) and / or the wall (14) comprise perforations (31, 32) through which the radiation from the light source (16) can pass, so that when the light source ( 16) is lit, the wavelength of the radiation emitted by the light source passing through the wall (14) and the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating (20) is modified so that the external face (18) has second components predetermined trichromatic, distinct from the first predetermined trichromatic components.
2. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les perforations (31 ) sont obtenues par attaque chimique, mécanique ou thermique de la surface de la paroi (14) ou du revêtement (20).  2. Bodywork element (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the perforations (31) are obtained by chemical, mechanical or thermal attack on the surface of the wall (14) or of the coating (20).
3. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les perforations (32) sont obtenues par application d’un rayonnement laser sur la surface de la paroi (14) ou du revêtement (20).  3. Body element (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the perforations (32) are obtained by applying laser radiation to the surface of the wall (14) or of the coating (20).
4. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon la revendication 3, dans lequel le rayonnement laser a une longueur d’onde dans les infra-rouges proches, de préférence comprise entre 780nm et 3000nm, par exemple 1064nm, ou dans les ultraviolets longs, de préférence comprise entre 400 et 315nm, par exemple 355 nm.  4. body element (12) according to claim 3, wherein the laser radiation has a wavelength in the near infrared, preferably between 780nm and 3000nm, for example 1064nm, or in long ultraviolet, preferably between 400 and 315nm, for example 355nm.
5. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon la revendication 3 ou 4, dans lequel l’application du rayonnement laser étant effectuée par une série d’impulsions, la durée de chaque impulsion étant inférieure à 150 ns, de préférence inférieure à 15ns, encore de préférence inférieure à 1 ps, encore de préférence inférieure à 1 fs.  5. body element (12) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the application of laser radiation being effected by a series of pulses, the duration of each pulse being less than 150 ns, preferably less than 15 ns, again preferably less than 1 ps, more preferably less than 1 fs.
6. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, dans lequel les perforations (32) ont une dimension comprise entre 1 pm et 1 m.  6. bodywork element (12) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the perforations (32) have a dimension between 1 pm and 1 m.
7. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, dans lequel les perforations (32) sont des trous d’un diamètre compris entre 20 et 100 pm de diamètre, de préférence entre 20 et 60pm de diamètre. 7. body element (12) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the perforations (32) are holes with a diameter between 20 and 100 pm in diameter, preferably between 20 and 60 pm in diameter .
8. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, dans lequel les perforations (32) sont espacées les unes des autres par une distance comprise entre 0,1 mm et 0,9mm. 8. Body element (12) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the perforations (32) are spaced from each other by a distance between 0.1 mm and 0.9mm.
9. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la sources de lumière (16) comprend des diodes électroluminescentes (25) ou des fibres optiques.  9. Body element (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the light sources (16) comprise light-emitting diodes (25) or optical fibers.
10. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le revêtement comprend une couche de pigments (34) fluorescents ou colorants.  10. Bodywork element (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the coating comprises a layer of fluorescent or coloring pigments (34).
1 1 . Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel le revêtement comprend un film comprenant des pigments électroluminescents (35), aptes à être excités par une source d’alimentation électrique (36).  1 1. Body element (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the coating comprises a film comprising light-emitting pigments (35), capable of being excited by an electric power source (36).
12. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant une structure de carrosserie (21 ) réalisée dans un matériau opaque, munie d’un insert (22) formé d’une matière transparente ou translucide disposé sur un support (24) formant partie de la structure (21 ) de carrosserie, une partie de la paroi (14) extérieur de l’élément de carrosserie étant une paroi de l’insert (22), la source de lumière (16) étant disposée entre le support (24) et l’insert (22).  12. bodywork element (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a bodywork structure (21) made of an opaque material, provided with an insert (22) formed of a transparent or translucent material disposed on a support (24) forming part of the body structure (21), a part of the wall (14) outside of the body element being a wall of the insert (22), the light source (16) being arranged between the support (24) and the insert (22).
13. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 , comprenant une structure de carrosserie (21 ) réalisé dans un matériau transparent ou translucide, la paroi (14) étant une portion de la paroi de la structure de carrosserie (21 ).  13. bodywork element (12) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising a bodywork structure (21) made of a transparent or translucent material, the wall (14) being a portion of the wall of the structure bodywork (21).
14. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide (20) comprend un primaire (26) dont l’épaisseur est de préférence comprise entre 5 et 30 micromètres, une base teintée (28) dont l’épaisseur est de préférence comprise entre 2 et 15 micromètres, et un vernis transparent (30) dont l’épaisseur est de préférence comprise entre 5 et 30 micromètres.  14. bodywork element (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating (20) comprises a primer (26) whose thickness is preferably between 5 and 30 micrometers, a tinted base (28) whose thickness is preferably between 2 and 15 micrometers, and a transparent varnish (30) whose thickness is preferably between 5 and 30 micrometers.
15. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon la revendication 14, dans lequel les perforations sont pratiquées dans la base teintée (28) et/ou le vernis transparent (30’) et/ou le primaire (26).  15. Bodywork element (12) according to claim 14, in which the perforations are made in the tinted base (28) and / or the transparent varnish (30 ’) and / or the primer (26).
16. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon la revendication 15, dans lequel le vernis transparent (30) est réalisé à base d’un matériau polymère qui a été chauffé à une température de chauffage provoquant le fluage du matériau polymère, de préférence au moins à la température de transition vitreuse du matériau polymère, la température de chauffage étant par exemple comprise entre 23°C et 60°C. 16. Body element (12) according to claim 15, in which the transparent varnish (30) is made from a polymer material which has been heated to a heating temperature causing the polymer material to creep, preferably at least at the glass transition temperature of the polymer material, the heating temperature being for example between 23 ° C. and 60 ° C.
17. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon la revendication 15, dans lequel le revêtement (20) comprend, entre la base teintée (28) et la couche de vernis (30), une couche d’un matériau permettant de boucher les pores de la base teintée (28).  17. Bodywork element (12) according to claim 15, in which the coating (20) comprises, between the tinted base (28) and the layer of varnish (30), a layer of a material making it possible to block the pores of the tinted base (28).
18. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le revêtement semi transparent ou semi translucide est réalisé en respectant les étapes suivantes :  18. Body element (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the semi-transparent or semi-translucent coating is produced by respecting the following steps:
- fourniture d’un film de support (40),  - supply of a support film (40),
- dépôt d’une encre de masquage (41 ) sur le film de support (40),  - depositing a masking ink (41) on the support film (40),
- thermoformage du film de support (40),  - thermoforming of the support film (40),
- surmoulage de la paroi sur le film (40),  - overmolding of the wall on the film (40),
- retrait du film (40) de la paroi (14), l’encre de masquage restant sur la paroi, - removal of the film (40) from the wall (14), the masking ink remaining on the wall,
- application d’une couche de primaire (26), - application of a primer coat (26),
- application d’une couche de base teintée (28),  - application of a tinted base coat (28),
- application d’un vernis (30).  - application of a varnish (30).
19. Elément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la paroi (4) est réalisée en un matériau tel que du Polycarbonate (PC), du Polyméthacrylate de Méthyle (PMMA), du Polyuréthane (PU), de l’Acrylonitrile Butadiène Styrène (ABS), de l’Acrilonitrile Styrène Acrylate (ASA), du styrène acrilonitrile (SAN), un mélange d’Acrilonitrile Styrène Acrylate et de Polycarbonate, un mélange de Poolycarbonate et de Polytéréphtalate d’Ethylène), ou encore de polyoléfine amorphe tels que cyclo-oléfines copolymères (COC) ou cyclo- oléfines-polymères (COP).  19. Bodywork element (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the wall (4) is made of a material such as Polycarbonate (PC), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Polyurethane (PU) , Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA), styrene acrilonitrile (SAN), a mixture of Acrilonitrile Styrene Acrylate and Polycarbonate, a mixture of Poolycarbonate and Ethylene Polyterephthalate) , or alternatively of amorphous polyolefin such as cyclo-olefins copolymers (COC) or cyclo-olefins-polymers (COP).
20. Procédé d’application du revêtement (30) d’un élément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant les étapes suivantes : 20. Method for applying the coating (30) of a bodywork element (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps:
- application d’une couche de primaire (26) sur la face externe (18) de la paroi de l’élément de carrosserie (12), puis - Application of a primer layer (26) on the external face (18) of the wall of the bodywork element (12), then
- application d’un rayonnement laser en certaines zones localisées de la couche de primaire (26) de sorte à obtenir des perforations (31 ), puis,  - application of laser radiation in certain localized areas of the primer layer (26) so as to obtain perforations (31), then,
- application d’une couche de base teintée (28), sur la face externe (18) ainsi revêtue d’une couche de primaire (26) perforée.  - Application of a tinted base layer (28) on the outer face (18) thus coated with a primer layer (26) perforated.
21 . Procédé d’application du revêtement (30) d’un élément de carrosserie (12) selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre une étape d’application de vernis transparent (30). 21. A method of applying the coating (30) of a bodywork element (12) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a step applying transparent varnish (30).
EP19772672.2A 2018-09-14 2019-09-12 Back-lit bodywork element with strong contrast Pending EP3849842A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1858331A FR3085905B1 (en) 2018-09-14 2018-09-14 HIGH CONTRAST BACKLIT BODY ELEMENT
FR1860555A FR3085907B1 (en) 2018-09-14 2018-11-15 HIGH CONTRAST BACKLIT BODY ELEMENT
PCT/EP2019/074432 WO2020053368A1 (en) 2018-09-14 2019-09-12 Back-lit bodywork element with strong contrast

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EP3849842A1 true EP3849842A1 (en) 2021-07-21

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FR3085907B1 (en) 2022-05-27
FR3085905A1 (en) 2020-03-20
FR3085907A1 (en) 2020-03-20

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