EP3846987B1 - Apparatus for producing concrete blocks - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for the production of concrete blocks, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Devices of this type are known from the prior art and in practice in numerous variants. For example, teaches DE 20 2013 003 472 U1 the use of filling carriages open at the bottom, which can be moved over a mold with one or more mold cavities open at the top for concrete blocks, to fill the mold cavities with a concrete mixture. The document also proposes first filling in an inexpensive core concrete and then one or more (multi-)colored face concretes. For this purpose, the use of a special filling car is suggested.

In such devices, the procedure in practice is such that the mold and the filling carriage are moved relative to one another, namely in a filling axis or filling direction. The filling axis or filling direction generally follows a linear course and runs parallel to a longitudinal axis of the device.

Furthermore, it is known to provide the later upper side of the concrete blocks with a structure. As a rule, this involves structuring the later upper side of the concrete blocks in such a way that it resembles a natural product or natural stone.

From the DE 198 41 065 A1 a device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known. 11 shows a mold with a sliding longitudinal sliding wall and a pivotable rotary wall for the production of a concrete block with a sloping side wall. With this device, the production of a variety of concrete blocks with different dimensions and side slopes in the same mold is possible.

More devices for the production of concrete blocks are out U.S. 2004/0104332 A1 , EP 1 225 016 A2 and U.S. 4,249,358 known.

Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object of proposing measures to improve the production of concrete blocks.

To solve this problem, a device according to the invention has the features of claim 1.

It is therefore provided that the or each mold cavity is rectangular in plan and has four walls that run obliquely to the filling axis, or that in the case of mold cavities that are square in plan, only the axes of symmetry that run through the center points of the walls are oblique to the filling axis are aligned.

In preferred configurations it can be provided that the angle between the filling axis and the axis of symmetry is at least 5°, preferably between 5° and 30°, in particular between 5° and 20°.

Most preferably, it can be provided that the device is set up to provide the concrete blocks with a surface structure, with a longitudinal direction of the surface structure running parallel to the filling axis.

According to an advantageous development of the invention, it can be provided that the surface structure is formed by shaping the upper side of the concrete block, with the device being set up to apply the surface structure during production of the concrete blocks.

Due to the longitudinal direction of the surface structure running obliquely to the upright side walls of the concrete block, on the upper side/visible side of the concrete block achieved that the concrete stone looks very similar to a natural stone. In this way, a significantly more natural appearance of the concrete block is achieved than with a parallel or perpendicular course of the longitudinal direction of the surface structure to the filling axis. In such cases, the concrete blocks can appear unnatural, which is avoided with the solution according to the invention.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the device is set up to provide the concrete blocks with a color or a color change, the device being set up to apply the color or the color change parallel to the filling axis or parallel to the longitudinal direction of the surface structure. In this way, the hue or the color change follows the longitudinal direction of the surface structure, so that the hue or color change does not match the rest of the structure and can even counteract it.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the mold has one or more mold cavities.

Another special feature can be that when there are several mold cavities, the individual mold cavities are arranged at the same angle or at one or more different angles to the filling axis.

Provision can also be made for several mold cavities to be arranged in one or more rows and/or columns, with the angles of the mold cavities relative to the filling axis being the same or deviating from one another, in particular within a row and/or column or from row to row or column to column .

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf eine Produktionsanlage für Betonsteine gemäß dem Stand der Technik,

Fig. 2

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Draufsicht,

Fig. 3

einen in der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2 hergestellten Betonstein in Draufsicht,

Fig. 4

die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 2 mit Darstellung der Oberflächenstruktur des Betonsteins,

Fig. 5

den Betonstein gemäß Fig. 3 mit Darstellung der Oberflächenstruktur,

Fig. 6

eine Kombination der Darstellungen gemäß Fig. 2 und 4,

Fig. 7

eine Kombination der Darstellungen gemäß Fig. 3 und 5,

Fig. 8

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Draufsicht,

Fig. 9

einen in der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 8 hergestellten Betonstein in Draufsicht,

Fig. 10

die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 7 mit Darstellung der Oberflächenstruktur des Betonsteins,

Fig. 11

den Betonstein gemäß Fig. 8 mit Darstellung der Oberflächenstruktur,

Fig. 12

eine Kombination der Darstellungen gemäß Fig. 7 und 9,

Fig. 13

eine Kombination der Darstellungen gemäß Fig. 8 und 10,

Fig. 14

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in Draufsicht,

Fig. 15

einen in der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 14 hergestellten Betonstein in Draufsicht,

Fig. 16

die Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 14 mit Darstellung der Oberflächenstruktur des Betonsteins,

Fig. 17

den Betonstein gemäß Fig. 15 mit Darstellung der Oberflächenstruktur,

Fig. 18

eine Kombination der Darstellungen gemäß Fig. 14 und 16, und

Fig. 19

eine Kombination der Darstellungen gemäß Fig. 15 und 17.

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. It shows:

1

a plan view of a production plant for concrete blocks according to the prior art,

2

a first embodiment of a device according to the invention in plan view,

3

one in the device according to 2 manufactured concrete block in top view,

4

the device according to 2 with representation of the surface structure of the concrete block,

figure 5

according to the concrete block 3 with representation of the surface structure,

6

a combination of the representations according to 2 and 4 ,

7

a combination of the representations according to 3 and 5 ,

8

a second embodiment of a device according to the invention in plan view,

9

one in the device according to 8 manufactured concrete block in top view,

10

the device according to 7 with representation of the surface structure of the concrete block,

11

according to the concrete block 8 with representation of the surface structure,

12

a combination of the representations according to 7 and 9 ,

13

a combination of the representations according to 8 and 10 ,

14

a third embodiment of a device according to the invention in plan view,

15

one in the device according to 14 manufactured concrete block in top view,

16

the device according to 14 with representation of the surface structure of the concrete block,

17

according to the concrete block 15 with representation of the surface structure,

18

a combination of the representations according to 14 and 16 , and

19

a combination of the representations according to 15 and 17 .

1 shows a device for the production of concrete blocks, as is often used in practice. On a base board 10 there is a production field 11, in the area of which a mold 12 is arranged. Walls 13, 14, 15, 16 of the mold 12 delimit a mold cavity 17 of the mold laterally. Arrow 18 indicates a filling axis or filling direction in which the mold and a filling member are moved relative to one another, for example in accordance with the one mentioned at the outset DE 20 2013 003 472 U1 .

The orientation of the walls 13 ... 16 of the mold 12 in relation to the filling axis 18 is of importance for the invention. All walls 13 ... 16 run (taking into account the usual manufacturing tolerances) either parallel to the filling axis 18 or perpendicular thereto. Walls 13, 14 run perpendicular to the filling axis 18 and walls 15, 16 run parallel to the filling axis 18. The symmetry axes of the mold 12 through the centers of the walls 13 ... 16 also run either parallel or perpendicular to the filling axis 18. Since the shape in plan is square, the walls 13, 14 and 15, 16 are parallel to each other.

As is usual in the prior art, the mold cavity 17 is filled with a concrete mixture, with the mold cavity 17 and the filling device being moved relative to one another. Thereafter, further work steps can take place, such as stripping the upper side of the mold 12 and compacting the concrete mixture that has been filled in, for example by shaking. After the concrete mixture has set, the concrete block 19 can be released from the mold.

Figures 2 to 7 show a first embodiment of the invention. A special feature is that the walls 13 . . . 16 of the square shape 12 run or are arranged at an angle to the filling axis 18 . The same applies to the axes of symmetry of the mold 12 running through the centers of the walls 13 ... 16.

In the specific case, the angle 22 between the filling axis 18 and the walls 15, 16 is 25°. As can be seen from the other exemplary embodiments, the angle 22 can also have other sizes.

Another special feature is in Figures 4 and 5 shown, namely a surface structure 20 which is formed on a top side of the concrete block 19.

The surface structure 20 can be applied by embossing with a stamp or by any of the other methods customary in the art. The surface structure 20 can be designed as a structure or texture in the area of the upper side of the concrete block, and in particular can be modeled on a corresponding structure or texture of a natural stone.

Furthermore, the surface structure 20 can be supplemented or supported by a corresponding coloring in the area of the upper side. Different shades of color or a color change come into consideration as coloring, for example just as in the case of a natural stone to be imitated.

Provision is preferably made for the surface structure 20 to be formed by the shaping and coloring of the concrete block 19 . Alternatively, only one of the two methods can be used.

A special feature of the surface structure 20 is that it extends essentially in a longitudinal direction, which runs essentially parallel to the filling axis 18 . The longitudinal direction is indicated by parallel axes 21 in the drawings. Accordingly, the longitudinal direction of the surface structure 20 runs obliquely, i.e. neither parallel nor perpendicular to the walls 13 ... 16 of the mold 12 or to the side walls of the concrete block 19. The coloring or color change is parallel to the filling axis and thus parallel to the longitudinal direction of the surface structure 20 applied.

• im Produktionsfeld 11 drei Formen 12 in einer Reihe 23 angeordnet sind,
• die Reihe 23 quer zur Füllachse 18 verläuft,
• jede Form 12 in einem anderen Winkel 22 zur Füllachse 18 angeordnet ist,
• alle Formen 12 rechteckig sind,
• die Winkel 22 andere, voneinander abweichende Größen haben, nämlich 8°, 10° und 15°.

The second embodiment according to Figures 8 to 13 differs from the first embodiment in that

• three molds 12 are arranged in a row 23 in the production field 11,
• the row 23 runs transversely to the filling axis 18,
• each mold 12 is at a different angle 22 to the filling axis 18,
• all shapes 12 are rectangular,
• the angles 22 have different sizes, namely 8°, 10° and 15°.

• im Produktionsfeld 11 sind sechs Formen 12 in zwei Reihen 23 zu je drei Formen 12 bzw. in drei Spalten 24 zu je zwei Formen 12 angeordnet,
• in jeder Reihe 23 ist eine gleiche Anzahl von Formen 12,
• die Winkel 22 innerhalb jeder Spalte 24 sind übereinstimmend,
• die Formen 12 sind quadratisch, und
• die Winkel haben Größen von 10°, 15° und 20°.

The third embodiment according to Figures 14 to 19 has the following special features:

• in the production field 11, six molds 12 are arranged in two rows 23 of three molds 12 each or in three columns 24 of two molds 12 each,
• in each row 23 is an equal number of shapes 12,
• the angles 22 within each column 24 are congruent,
• the shapes 12 are square, and
• the angles have magnitudes of 10°, 15° and 20°.

• quadratische und/oder rechteckige Formen 12,
• eine oder mehrere Formen 12 im Produktionsfeld 11,
• mehrere Reihen 23 und/oder Spalten 24 mit Formen 12 im Produktionsfeld 11,
• Winkel 22 zwischen 0° und 30°, und
• gleiche oder unterschiedliche Winkel 22 der Formen 12.

At least theoretically, combinations or variants of the exemplary embodiments shown are conceivable, e.g. B.

• square and/or rectangular shapes 12,
• one or more molds 12 in the production field 11,
• several rows 23 and/or columns 24 with forms 12 in the production field 11,
• angle 22 between 0° and 30°, and
• same or different angles 22 of the shapes 12.

• die Formen 12 sind schräg zur Füllachse 18 angeordnet, und
• die Längsrichtung der Oberflächenstruktur 20 verläuft parallel zur Füllachse 18.

Nicht in den Zeichnungen dargestellt sind eventuell im Bereich der aufrechten Seitenflächen des Betonsteins 19 angeformte Abstandhalter. Es versteht sich, dass der Betonstein 19 in diesem Sinne auch andere Merkmale aufweisen kann, die nicht in den Zeichnungen dargestellt sind.All variants have the following features in common:

• the molds 12 are arranged obliquely to the filling axis 18, and
• the longitudinal direction of the surface structure 20 runs parallel to the filling axis 18.

Any spacers formed in the area of the upright side surfaces of the concrete block 19 are not shown in the drawings. It goes without saying that the concrete block 19 can also have other features in this sense, which are not shown in the drawings.

Reference List

10

backing board

11

production field

12

shape

13

wall

14

wall

15

wall

16

wall

17

mold nest

18

Arrow / fill axis / fill direction

19

concrete block

20

surface texture

21

longitudinal axis

22

angle

23

Row

24

Split

Claims (8)

1. A device for producing concrete blocks (19), in particular concrete paving slabs, having a mold (12) for filling with a concrete mixture, wherein the mold (12) has at least one mold cavity for receiving the concrete mixture, and wherein the upwardly open mold cavity has walls (13, 14, 15, 16) as lateral boundaries, and wherein the at least one mold cavity (17) can be filled with the concrete mixture by means of a filling device of the device, and wherein the mold (12) with the at least one mold cavity (17) and the filling device are movable relative to one another in a filling axis (18), and wherein the filling axis (18) is oriented obliquely to an axis of symmetry of the at least one mold cavity (17), with the result that preferably all the walls (13 ... 16) of the mold cavity (17) extend neither perpendicularly nor parallel to the filling axis (18), but at an angle (22), characterized in that the or each mold cavity (17) is rectangular in outline and has four walls (13 ... 16) which extend so as to be directed obliquely to the filling axis (18), or in that, with mold cavities (17) which are square in outline, only the axes of symmetry which extend through the center points of the walls (13 ... 16) are oriented obliquely to the filling axis (18).
2. The device as claimed in claim 1 or one of the other preceding claims,
   characterized in that the angle (22) between the filling axis (18) and the axis of symmetry is at least 5° preferably between 5° and 30°, in particular between 5° and 20°.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1 or one of the other preceding claims,
   characterized in that the device is designed to provide the concrete blocks (19) with a surface structure (20), wherein a longitudinal direction of the surface structure (20) extends so as to be directed parallel to the filling axis (18).
4. The device as claimed in claim 3 or one of the other preceding claims,
   characterized in that the surface structure (20) is formed by a shaping of an upper side of the concrete block (19), wherein the device is designed to apply the surface structure (20) during production of the concrete blocks (19).
5. The device as claimed in claim 4 or one of the other preceding claims,
   characterized in that the device is designed to provide the concrete blocks (19) with a color shade or a color tinge, wherein the device is designed to apply the color shade or the color tinge parallel to the filling axis (18) or parallel to the longitudinal direction of the surface structure (20).
6. The device as claimed in claim 1 or one of the other preceding claims
   characterized in that the mold (12) has one or more mold cavities (17).
7. The device as claimed in claim 6 or one of the other preceding claims
   
   characterized in that, given a plurality of mold cavities (17), the individual mold cavities (17) are arranged at the same or one or more different angles (22) to the filling axis (18).
8. The device as claimed in claim 6, 7 or one of the other preceding claims,
   characterized in that a plurality of mold cavities (17) are arranged in one or more rows (23) and/or columns (24), wherein the angles (22) of the mold cavities (17) to the filling axis (18) correspond to one another or differ from one another, in particular within a row (23), and/or column (24) or from row (23) to row (23) or from column (24) to column (24).

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