EP3843746A1 - Traitement du neuroblastome avec des produits d'hydrolyse de taurolidine - Google Patents
Traitement du neuroblastome avec des produits d'hydrolyse de taurolidineInfo
- Publication number
- EP3843746A1 EP3843746A1 EP19856239.9A EP19856239A EP3843746A1 EP 3843746 A1 EP3843746 A1 EP 3843746A1 EP 19856239 A EP19856239 A EP 19856239A EP 3843746 A1 EP3843746 A1 EP 3843746A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- taurinamide
- taurultam
- composition
- methylene glycol
- neuroblastoma
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 206010029260 Neuroblastoma Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- AJKIRUJIDFJUKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurolidine Chemical compound C1NS(=O)(=O)CCN1CN1CNS(=O)(=O)CC1 AJKIRUJIDFJUKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 38
- 229960004267 taurolidine Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 38
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediol Chemical compound OCO CKFGINPQOCXMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- MVQXBXLDXSQURK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoethanesulfonamide Chemical compound NCCS(N)(=O)=O MVQXBXLDXSQURK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000000174 oncolytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- RJGYJMFQWGPBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-thiadiazinane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCNCN1 RJGYJMFQWGPBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229950007343 taurultam Drugs 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 18
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 5
- SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-NUEINMDLSA-N Isotretinoin Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C SHGAZHPCJJPHSC-NUEINMDLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000011579 SCID mouse model Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960005280 isotretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009175 antibody therapy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000002950 fibroblast Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 3
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940123780 DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940124087 DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 102000004457 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010017213 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 2
- 108700026495 N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000365 Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000317 Topoisomerase II Inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940122803 Vinca alkaloid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000118 anti-neoplastic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004562 carboplatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YAYRGNWWLMLWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L carboplatin Chemical compound O=C1O[Pt](N)(N)OC(=O)C11CCC1 YAYRGNWWLMLWJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L cisplatin Chemical compound N[Pt](N)(Cl)Cl DQLATGHUWYMOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229960004316 cisplatin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001101 ifosfamide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ifosfamide Chemical compound ClCCNP1(=O)OCCCN1CCCl HOMGKSMUEGBAAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009169 immunotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011368 intensive chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004768 irinotecan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N irinotecan Chemical compound C1=C2C(CC)=C3CN(C(C4=C([C@@](C(=O)OC4)(O)CC)C=4)=O)C=4C3=NC2=CC=C1OC(=O)N(CC1)CCC1N1CCCCC1 UWKQSNNFCGGAFS-XIFFEERXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960001924 melphalan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N melphalan Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(N(CCCl)CCCl)C=C1 SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000944 nerve tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002820 sympathetic nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960000303 topotecan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N topotecan Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CN(C)C)=C2C=C(CN3C4=CC5=C(C3=O)COC(=O)[C@]5(O)CC)C4=NC2=C1 UCFGDBYHRUNTLO-QHCPKHFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N vincristine Chemical compound C([N@]1C[C@@H](C[C@]2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C([C@]56[C@H]([C@@]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@]7(CC)C=CCN([C@H]67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)C[C@@](C1)(O)CC)CC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-XQKSVPLYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004528 vincristine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vincristine Natural products C1C(CC)(O)CC(CC2(C(=O)OC)C=3C(=CC4=C(C56C(C(C(OC(C)=O)C7(CC)C=CCN(C67)CC5)(O)C(=O)OC)N4C=O)C=3)OC)CN1CCC1=C2NC2=CC=CC=C12 OGWKCGZFUXNPDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPVXHAANQNHFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1COCCO1 VPVXHAANQNHFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)CO1 RKDVKSZUMVYZHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000312 Calcium Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000003922 Calcium Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001706 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054477 Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000055056 N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004129 N-Type Calcium Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000699 N-Type Calcium Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010052399 Neuroendocrine tumour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940045985 antineoplastic platinum compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010322 bone marrow transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000025997 central nervous system neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002512 chemotherapy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011134 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 108091070501 miRNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002625 monoclonal antibody therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1 YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/18—Sulfonamides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
- A61K31/549—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame having two or more nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. hydrochlorothiazide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
- A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
- A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
- A61K47/56—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule
- A61K47/59—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes
- A61K47/60—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic macromolecular compound, e.g. an oligomeric, polymeric or dendrimeric molecule obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyureas or polyurethanes the organic macromolecular compound being a polyoxyalkylene oligomer, polymer or dendrimer, e.g. PEG, PPG, PEO or polyglycerol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/51—Nanocapsules; Nanoparticles
- A61K9/5107—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/513—Organic macromolecular compounds; Dendrimers
- A61K9/5146—Organic macromolecular compounds; Dendrimers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyamines, polyanhydrides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/51—Nanocapsules; Nanoparticles
- A61K9/5107—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/513—Organic macromolecular compounds; Dendrimers
- A61K9/5146—Organic macromolecular compounds; Dendrimers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyamines, polyanhydrides
- A61K9/5153—Polyesters, e.g. poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
Definitions
- This invention relates to therapeutic methods and compositions in general, and more particularly to therapeutic methods and compositions for the treatment of neuroblastoma in a juvenile mammalian body.
- NB Neuroblastoma
- neuroblastoma extracranial solid cancer in childhood and the most common cancer in infancy, with an incidence of about six hundred fifty cases per year in the U.S., and a hundred cases per year in the UK. Nearly half of neuroblastoma cases occur in children younger than two years. It is a neuroendocrine tumor, arising from any neural crest element of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) . Neuroblastoma most frequently originates in one of the adrenal glands, but can also develop in nerve tissues in the neck, chest, abdomen, or pelvis. Note that while neuroblastoma arises from nerve tissues, it is not a tumor of the central nervous system ( CNS ) .
- CNS central nervous system
- Neuroblastoma is one of the few human
- Neuroblastoma is a disease exhibiting extreme heterogeneity, and is stratified into three risk categories: low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high- risk. Low-risk neuroblastoma is most common in infants and good outcomes are common with observation only or surgery, whereas high-risk neuroblastoma is difficult to treat successfully even with the most intensive multi-modal therapies available.
- neuroblastoma lesion When the neuroblastoma lesion is localized, it is generally curable. However, long-term survival for children older than 18 months of age with advanced disease of age is poor, despite aggressive multimodal therapy, e.g., intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant,
- differentiation agent isotrentinoin (also called 13- cis-retinoic acid) , and frequently immunotherapy with anti-GD2 immunotherapy with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody therapy.
- High-risk neuroblastoma is generally treated with intensive chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, biological-based therapy with 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin or Accutane) and antibody therapy
- cytokines GM-CSF and IL-2. cytokines
- Chemotherapy agents used in combination have been found to be effective against neuroblastoma. Agents commonly used in induction and for stem cell
- transplant conditioning are platinum compounds
- topoisomerase I inhibitors topotecan and irinotecan in induction which have been found to be effective against recurrent disease.
- selected hydrolysis products of taurolidine are used to treat neuroblastoma.
- the selected hydrolysis products of taurolidine may comprise at least one from the group consisting of:
- taurultam, taurinamide and methylene glycol in a ratio of 1 taurultam: 7 taurinamide : 1 methylene glycol.
- the taurinamide is given with a dosage range of from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range between 5 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, from once daily through weekly, for an effective period of time based on individual patient response.
- the taurultam is given with a dosage range of from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range between 5 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, from once daily through weekly, for an effective period of time based on individual patient response.
- the methylene glycol is given with a dosage range of from 2.5 mg/kg to 160 mg/kg, with optimal range between 2.5 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, from once daily through weekly, for an effective period of time based on individual patient response.
- the taurultam and taurinamide (in a ratio of 1 taurultam:7 taurinamide) is given with a dosage range of Taurultam from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range between 5 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, combined with Taurinamide from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range from 35 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg, from once daily through weekly, for an effective period of time based on individual patient response.
- the taurultam, taurinamide and methylene glycol (in a ratio of 1 taurultam: 7 taurinamide : 1 methylene glycol) is given with a dosage range of Taurultam from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range between 5 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, combined with Taurinamide with a dosage range of from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range from 35 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg, further combined with methylene glycol with a dosage range of from 2.5 mg/kg to 160 mg/kg, with optimal range from 5 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg, from once daily through weekly, for an effective period of time based on individual patient response.
- the selected hydrolysis products i.e., the active
- ingredients can be delivered systemically in a
- shielded form so that they can reach the site of the neuroblastoma without premature degradation.
- the hydrolysis products can be delivered in the form of a nanoparticle, where the nanoparticle comprises a core of the hydrolysis product and an exterior coating which is configured to prevent premature exposure of the hydrolysis product prior to the arrival of the nanoparticle to the tumor site.
- the exterior coating breaks down as the nanoparticle travels from the site of the insertion to the site of the tumor so as to release the hydrolysis product intact at the site of the tumor.
- the coating comprises an absorbable polymer or lipid which breaks down as the nanoparticle travels from the site of insertion to the site of the tumor.
- the hydrolysis products may be delivered using a polymer system which is configured to delay degradation of the active ingredient.
- the hydrolysis products may be "pegylated" using
- PEGs polyethylene glycols
- the selected hydrolysis products of taurolidine can be given systemically, as either a single agent or in combination with other oncolytic agents and/or radiotherapy .
- Fig. 1 is a graph showing that leukemia cell lines appear more sensitive to the effects of
- taurolidine compared to healthy lymphocytes in vitro ( not in vivo ) ;
- Fig. 2 is a graph showing that neuroblastoma cell lines are more sensitive to a decrease in viability due to taurolidine when compared to healthy
- Figs. 3-6 are graphs or photographs showing that taurolidine given to CB57 SCID mice with measurable tumors from a neuroblastoma cell line implanted subcutaneously in the CB57 SCID mice has efficacy in IMR5 tumors and measurable efficacy in SK-N-AS tumors in vivo (not in vitro) ;
- Figs. 7 and 8 are graphs showing that
- Fig. 9 illustrates the mechanism for the
- Fig. 10 is a chart showing the mean
- Fig. 11 is a chart showing the mean
- Taurolidine is a well known antimicrobial with a published mechanism of action and antimicrobial spectrum. Taurolidine is unstable in circulation and therefore has not been successfully developed for systemic infections. Taurolidine has demonstrated efficacy in local application for peritonitis and for prevention of infection when infused as a catheter- lock solution.
- Taurolidine has recently been investigated for oncolytic activity and found to have inhibitory effect on cell lines in culture, in combination with standard chemotherapy or alone. Despite claims that in vitro inhibitory concentrations are clinically achievable, the only published human pharmacokinetic study showed NO measurable concentration of taurolidine in healthy volunteers when 5 grams of taurolidine were given intravenously by 20 minute infusion. This is believed to be due to the rapid hydrolysis of taurolidine when administered systemically in a mammalian body.
- neuroblastoma cell lines are more sensitive to a decrease in viability due to taurolidine when compared to healthy
- taurolidine given to CB57 SCID mice with measurable tumors from a neuroblastoma cell line implanted subcutaneously in the CB57 SCID mice showed efficacy in IMR5 tumors and measurable efficacy in SK-
- N-AS tumors in vivo (not in vitro) . See Figs . 3-6.
- neuroepithelioma cell line is below 50% cell
- the IC50 values are between 80-140 microMolar for neuroblastoma cell lines, and 200 microMolar for normal fibroblasts (see Fig. 2) .
- taurolidine metabolizes to taurolidine hydrolysis products in vivo, this would support the conclusion that the hydrolysis products of taurolidine may have significant anti-neoplastic activity against neuroblastoma cells. In fact, it may be that the hydrolysis products of taurolidine have higher
- hydrolysis products of taurolidine may be used to treat neuroblastoma.
- the mechanism for the hydrolysis of taurolidine is shown in Fig. 9.
- the selected hydrolysis products of taurolidine that may be used to treat neuroblastoma may comprise at least one from the group consisting of:
- taurinamide taurultum
- taurultam, taurinamide and methylene glycol in a ratio of 1 taurultam: 7 taurinamide : 1 methylene glycol.
- the taurinamide is given with a dosage range of from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range between 5 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, from once daily through weekly, for an effective period of time based on individual patient response.
- the mean pharmacokinetic parameters of taurinamide are shown in Fig. 10.
- the taurultam is given with a dosage range of from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range between 5 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg, from once daily through weekly, for an effective period of time based on individual patient response.
- the mean pharmacokinetic parameters of taurultam are shown in Fig. 11.
- the methylene glycol is given with a dosage range of from 2.5 mg/kg to 160 mg/kg, with optimal range between 2.5 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg, from once daily through weekly, for an effective period of time based on individual patient response.
- the taurultam and taurinamide (in a ratio of 1 taurultam:7 taurinamide) is given with a dosage range of Taurultam from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range between 5 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, combined with Taurinamide from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range from 35 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg, from once daily through weekly, for an effective period of time based on individual patient response.
- the taurultam, taurinamide and methylene glycol (in a ratio of 1 taurultam: 7 taurinamide : 1 methylene glycol) is given with a dosage range of Taurultam from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range between 5 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, combined with Taurinamide with a dosage range of from 5 mg/kg to 280 mg/kg, with optimal range from 35 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg, further combined with methylene glycol with a dosage range from 2.5 mg/kg to 160 mg/kg, with optimal range from 5 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg, from once daily through weekly, for an effective period of time based on individual patient response.
- AUC 0-inf Taurultam/AUC 0-inf Taurinamide 42.9/312.7
- the target ratio when giving Taurultam and Taurinamide in combination is 0.14 or 1:7.
- the target ratio when giving taurultam and taurinamide and methylene glycol in combination is 1:7:1.
- the selected hydrolysis products can be delivered systemically in a "shielded form" so that they can reach the site of the neuroblastoma to avoid premature degradation.
- the hydrolysis products can be delivered in the form of a nanoparticle, where the nanoparticle comprises a core of the hydrolysis product and an exterior coating which is configured to prevent premature exposure of the hydrolysis product prior to the arrival of the nanoparticle to the tumor site.
- the exterior coating breaks down as the nanoparticle travels from the site of insertion to the site of the tumor so as to release the hydrolysis product intact at the site of the tumor.
- the coating comprises an absorbable polymer or lipid which breaks down as the nanoparticle travels from the site of insertion to the site of the tumor.
- the coating can be created from combinations of copolymers and multimers derived from polymers structured from 1- lactide, glycolide, e-caprolactone, p-dioxanone, and trimethylene carbonate.
- the coating may also be associated with glycols such as polyethylene glycols (PEGs), which can either be linear or multi-arm structures .
- the nanoparticle may comprise an excipient (e.g., a buffer for providing enhanced hydrolytic stability of the hydrolysis product within the nanoparticle) .
- an excipient e.g., a buffer for providing enhanced hydrolytic stability of the hydrolysis product within the nanoparticle
- the nanoparticle can further comprise a coating, wherein the coating is configured to target the nanoparticle to the site of a neuroblastoma so as to improve the efficacy of the hydrolysis product for treatment of the neuroblastoma.
- the coating comprises binding molecules which are configured to target delivery of the nanoparticle to specific tissue.
- the coating for the nanoparticle comprises a monoclonal antibody against N-type calcium channels (e.g., an anti-N-type calcium channel exofacial Fab fragment) for causing the nanoparticle to bind to neural tissue (e.g., to a neuroblastoma tumor) .
- the hydrolysis products may be delivered using a polymer system which is configured to delay degradation of the active ingredient and/or optimize the release properties of the active ingredient.
- the hydrolysis products may be "pegylated” using polyethylene glycols (PEGs) to delay premature of degradation of the active ingredient and/or
- the selected hydrolysis products of taurolidine can be given systemically, as either a single agent or in combination with other oncolytic agents and/or radiotherapy. Examples of oncolytic agents that can be combined with the hydrolysis products of
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