EP3837934B1 - Earth working implement for agricultural earth treatment - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a soil cultivation device for agricultural processing of soil, in particular for flat cutting of soil, comprising a base body and cutting elements arranged on it, the base body having a carrier surface and a sliding surface, cutting elements being arranged on the carrier surface and soil being spread over the sliding surface can slide off.

The processing of soil plays a very important role in agriculture in order to achieve a high output of crops or productivity. A good preparation of soil before sowing a new seed can be decisive for achieving the desired harvest success. Accordingly, value has also been placed in the recent past on further developing appropriate soil cultivation equipment for good preparation of the soil before sowing.

For the agricultural processing of soil, it is usually necessary to cut through it with a flat cut, with a top layer of the soil, usually at a depth of about 2 cm to 15 cm, to be cut through as smoothly as possible. This cuts through any roots that are still in the soil, especially those of weeds, and at the same time loosens the soil a little. For a corresponding cutting, goosefoot shares are particularly suitable, which are attached to a tractor and pulled by it.

In connection with goosefoot shares, but also other agricultural soil cultivation devices, it has become known to increase the service life of corresponding devices by arranging hard metal inserts as cutting elements in the active cutting areas. At first glance, these cutting elements are disadvantageous in terms of economic benefit, because hard metal is significantly more expensive than steel, which is usually used for such devices, and the production and subsequent attachment of the cutting elements to a steel base body also requires several work steps . Due to a then, however, clearly If the service life is increased, these costs still pay off or lead to a better cost-benefit ratio overall.

It is also known for duckfoot shares or similar soil cultivation devices for the preparation of soil to adapt base bodies that would already be suitable for use in such a way that they are equipped with cutting elements made of hard metal. In the context of this invention, however, it was found that corresponding soil tillage implements still have considerable potential for improvement, since the work results are still unsatisfactory, despite a smooth cut. It has been shown, among other things, that there is a tendency for a smear layer to form on the lower part of the soil that has been cut through when cutting through the surface using a soil treatment device. Such a smear layer leads to the lower part of the severed soil being sealed off, which is disadvantageous in two respects: Firstly, a supply of groundwater for plants from below is prevented. Secondly, seepage of rainwater is impeded, which is just as disadvantageous. The document EP 3 516 938 A1 shows a known soil cultivation device for agricultural processing of soil with a sliding surface for sliding soil and a carrier surface with cutting elements for cutting through soil.

The object of the invention is to further develop a soil cultivation device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the above disadvantages of the formation of a smear layer when cutting through soil are avoided or at least reduced.

This object is achieved if, in a soil cultivation device of the type mentioned at the outset, the sliding surface adjoins a carrier surface at an angle, so that the distance between the sliding surface and the soil increases away from the carrier surface.

The invention is based on the following considerations:
A goosefoot share or a similar tillage device has a stick-like attachment with which the tillage device can be attached to a tractor or other towing vehicle. A mounting hole is usually provided in the processing device for this purpose. Although there is a rigid attachment, it cannot be entirely avoided that the base body deflects by a few degrees, particularly given the given force loads when cutting or severing through soil. As a result, it can happen that despite being hit By default, the base body is tilted so that it rests against the lower part of the cut soil and thus forms a lubricating film after the desired cutting of the soil. However, this is avoided by the concept according to the invention. Even if there is an angle error, there is always sufficient free space towards the ground, namely the lower part of the severed ground, so that no smear layer is formed. This is achieved in that the sliding surface connects to the carrier surface at a suitable angle, so that the distance between the sliding surface and the ground increases. In other words, it can also be said that the sliding surface does not run parallel to the ground or the lower part of the severed ground, but is inclined upwards, at least in the connection area to the support surface. As a result, the free space mentioned is formed, which also means that there is less friction when the ground is cut through over a large area, because the contact between the base body and its sliding surface on the ground is reduced.

A further advantage is that the base body is subject to less wear due to the spacing from the lower part of the severed soil. In those areas in which there is high wear, hard metal fittings or cutting elements made of hard metal are provided anyway. Thus, the areas subject to the greatest wear are equipped with particularly wear-resistant material, but the other areas are optimized to the extent that wear is reduced in comparison with the prior art. As a result, the base body or the sliding surface can also be manufactured with less material, which means a saving in material. This leads to the further, theoretical consideration that the tillage implement could then be less stable, which is not the case, however, since the tilting of the sliding surface on the carrier surface leads to additional reinforcement, which has a positive effect on the stability of the tillage implement during operation or during operation. use.

It can be provided that the distance increases at least in the area of a connection between the sliding surface and the carrier surface. In this area or these areas in particular, it can be important for the sliding surface to be spaced appropriately from a lower part of the severed soil. At the top of the sliding surface, the upper part of the severed soil can slide off as appropriate. Despite this pressure on the sliding surface, this then settles in Do not touch the area of the support surface or the connection thereto to the lower part of the severed soil.

For the reasons explained, it is particularly preferred that the distance from a connection between the sliding surface and the carrier surface increases to an opposite end of the sliding surface. In practice, the sliding surface ends in a stick-shaped attachment, via which attachment to a tractor is possible, or passes indirectly into such a stick-shaped attachment via other areas of the base body. Since the pressure on the sliding surface can increase as a result of the soil sliding towards the stile-shaped attachment, an increase in the distance along this direction can advantageously be provided. This enlargement can be continuous, for example. In this context, continuous means that the distance between the sliding surface always increases in the specified direction from the support surface to the stem-shaped attachment, although the increase in relation to a length in the direction from the support surface to the stem-shaped attachment can vary, the change in the Distance does not have to be constant over a unit of length.

Alternatively, however, it is also possible for a distance between the sliding surface and the lower part of the severed soil to initially increase, but then to be at a constant distance. Further configurations are also possible, in which case areas can also be provided in which the distance increases and then decreases again, or in a further alternative, is constant in sections and then increases again.

It is further preferred that the sliding surface adjoins the carrier surface at least in individual areas at an angle of at least 135°, preferably at least 140°, in particular at least 142.5°. By adjusting the sliding surface accordingly, the desired clearance from the ground can be achieved. The higher the angle, the better the exemption. Angles of 145°, 147.5°, 150°, 152.5°, 155°, 157.5°, 160°, 162.5° or 165° can also be provided. Larger angles are also possible, for example in further steps of 2.5° each, starting from 165°. However, the higher this angle of attack, the higher the force when cutting through the soil. In this respect, an angular range beginning at approximately 135° to approximately 160° can be regarded as optimal.

The above angles relate to an angle between the support surface and the sliding surface, the support surface and thus the cutting elements being set at about 15° to 45°, for example 25° to 35°, against the ground or the ground. The release or elevation of the sliding surface relative to the floor can also be expressed by an angle that is enclosed between the sliding surface and the floor if the sliding surface is mentally extended at the connection to the carrier surface. The resulting acute angle is about 5° to 25°, preferably 7.5° to 15°, in particular 10° to 12.5°.

Provision can be made for the support surface to be curved at least in sections. One or more cutting elements are attached to the support surface. A transition to the sliding surface can take place via one or more radii. In particular, a sequence of curved sections can also be provided. The curved sections can connect to one another with different radii. However, it is also possible for curved sections to be connected by areas running in a flat manner. In this case, the curved sections can also be formed with the same radius, although this is not mandatory.

As mentioned, one or more cutting elements are arranged on the end face of the carrier surface. The cutting elements ensure the desired cutting effect when cutting through soil. In principle, the cutting elements can have any shape. Cutting elements have proven to be particularly useful, as in the Austrian patent application A 50553/2019 are trained and present themselves in particular as follows:
The cutting element made of hard metal has an upper side and a lower side as well as a front side, a rear side opposite the front side and at least one side surface, the upper side and the lower side being connected via the front side, rear side and the at least one side surface, and the front side having a cutting area with a plurality of teeth , wherein at least one tooth is formed with a first flank and a second flank, wherein a profile line of the first flank and a profile line of the second flank are of different lengths.

In the case of the cutting element, it can be provided that the first flank of the at least one tooth is arranged after the second flank of the at least one tooth in a working direction.

It can also be provided that the second flank encloses an angle of 0° to 60°, preferably 2° to 45°, in particular 5° to 15°, in a plan view with an imaginary plane which lies parallel to the end face.

Provision can furthermore be made for the second flank of the at least one tooth to be arranged at an angle of 60° to 120°, preferably 70° to 110°, in particular 90°, to the first flank of a subsequent tooth.

It can also be provided that the profile line of the second flank of the tooth is more than 1.1 times, at least twice, in particular five times as long as the profile line of the first flank of the at least one tooth.

It can also be provided that the cutting area has two to ten, preferably three to five, in particular four teeth.

It can be provided that a length of the cutting element is at least as long, preferably twice as long, in particular three times as long as a width of the cutting element.

It can be provided that the length of the cutting element is at least as long, preferably five times as long, in particular twenty times as long as a height of the cutting element.

The base body is preferably made of steel. Although the base body can be created in any way, it is preferably created by forging. If insert seats are provided for individual cutting elements, the insert seats can be worked into the optionally forged base body by machining, in particular by milling. It can be provided that individual plate seats are designed so that the cutting elements do not touch each other, although an employment of the plate seats is chosen so that the Cutting elements nevertheless form a common, continuous cutting edge through an offset arrangement in the cutting direction. For this purpose, it can be provided that the base body is designed with a conical shape, in particular a V-shape, in the cutting direction, or at least the soil cultivation implement runs obliquely in the cutting direction.

The cutting elements can be formed from a hard metal, although in principle a highly wear-resistant steel, which is significantly more wear-resistant than the base body, can also be used. However, preference is given to using hard metal, since this is particularly wear-resistant. Various grades are used for the carbide. However, it has been shown that hard metal grades with about 80 percent by weight (hereinafter: wt %) to 95 wt .-% and a binder metal, preferably iron, nickel and / or cobalt, together to the extent of 5 wt .-% to 15% by weight, preferably 7% by weight to 13% by weight, in particular 8% by weight to 12% by weight, are expedient. It is particularly preferred if the binder metal is present essentially free of cobalt, ie is formed only with iron and possibly nickel. The tungsten carbide can have an average grain size in the range of about 1.5 μm to 5 μm, in particular 2.0 μm to 3.0 μm. Corresponding types of hard metal have proven to be suitable for cutting performance in the agricultural sector. It can also be provided that the insert is coated. Coatings by means of CVD or PVD processes can be considered for this. The coatings can be, for example, coatings of the Al _1-x Ti _x N type. Corresponding coatings can have a layer thickness of, for example, up to 15 μm. Coatings with alternating coating layers of different compositions are also possible.

A soil cultivation device according to the invention is advantageously designed as a share, in particular as a goosefoot share. However, the concept according to the invention can also be used in all other soil cultivation devices with cutting elements if it is important that soil is to be cut through as efficiently as possible, with the formation of a smear layer being prevented as far as possible.

• Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf ein Bodenbearbeitungsgerät;
• Fig. 2 eine stirnseitige Ansicht des Bodenbearbeitungsgerätes gemäß Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 eine untere Ansicht des Bodenbearbeitungsgerätes gemäß Fig. 1;
• Fig. 4 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 5 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie V-V in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 6 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie VI-VI in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 7 eine perspektivische Darstellung des Bodenbearbeitungsgerätes gemäß Fig. 1;
• Fig. 8 eine weitere perspektivische Darstellung des Bodenbearbeitungsgerätes gemäß Fig. 1;
• Fig. 9 einen Querschnitt durch ein Bodenbearbeitungsgerät gemäß Fig. 1 entlang der Linie IV-IV zum Vergleich mit dem Stand der Technik.

Further features, advantages and effects of the invention result from the exemplary embodiment presented below. The drawings to which reference is made show:

• 1 a top view of a tillage implement;
• 2 according to an end view of the tillage implement 1 ;
• 3 according to a bottom view of the tillage implement 1 ;
• 4 a section along the line IV-IV in 1 ;
• figure 5 a cut along the line VV in 1 ;
• 6 a section along line VI-VI in 1 ;
• 7 a perspective view of the tillage device according to 1 ;
• 8 a further perspective view of the tillage implement according to FIG 1 ;
• 9 according to a cross section through a tillage implement 1 along line IV-IV for comparison with the prior art.

In 1 a soil cultivation device 1 according to the invention is shown. 2 shows a front view and 3 a bottom view of the same tillage implement 1. Figures 4 to 6 show sections of the tillage implement 1 along the lines IV-IV ( 4 ) and VV ( figure 5 ) and VI-VI ( 6 ).

Like in particular 1 and 2 As can be seen, the tillage implement 1, which is designed as a goosefoot coulter, has an approximately V-shaped base body 2 in plan view. Although the base body is v-shaped in the exemplary embodiment, the base body can in principle also assume any other configuration, but is preferably formed in such a way that a top view results, which points in the cutting direction. In the present exemplary embodiment, this is the v-shape that points in the direction of the cut.

The base body 2 of the tillage implement 1 comprises several areas. The base body 2 is provided centrally with a sliding surface 6 which merges into a style-shaped extension 4 on the back. This style-shaped approach 4 is used to attach the tillage device 1 to a corresponding recording of a tractor such a tractor. For this purpose, the style-shaped projection 4 is designed with a fastening hole 5 . However, as in other embodiment variants of a soil cultivation device 1 according to the invention, several fastening holes can also be provided. It is also possible that instead of a fastening hole 5 for receiving a fastening means, another fastening mechanism is provided, for example fixing by releasable clamping.

In the front area, the sliding surface 6 adjoins a carrier surface 7 which carries the cutting elements 3 . A large number of cutting elements 3 are provided. The cutting elements 3 are made of a more wear-resistant material than the base body 2 . For this purpose, the cutting elements 3 can be formed in particular from a hard metal. The cutting elements 3 can also be provided with a coating to increase wear resistance.

Like in particular 4 As can be seen, the sliding surface 6 merges into the carrier surface 7 in such a way that in cross-section there is an increasing distance to a floor or a lower part of severed soil, resulting in the style-shaped attachment 4 . This is achieved in that the sliding surface 6, as shown in particular in cross section 4 it can be seen that with regard to the course, it is folded up mentally and then practically. By this raising of the sliding surface 6 or a stronger tilting, for example with an angle α of approximately 135° to 160°, a corresponding downward release is achieved. If an upper layer of soil is now separated off, for which purpose the soil cultivation device 1 is designed as a goosefoot coulter, the soil cultivation device 1 slides over the lower layer without the sliding surface 6 touching this lower, remaining layer of soil. This prevents the sliding surface 6 from lubricating along the non-separated layer of earth by resting on it and thereby forming an undesired smear layer. The cutting elements 3 themselves are set at an angle of approximately 25° to 40°, preferably approximately 27.5° to 35°, so that soil can be cut into or severed in the usual way. Separated soil also slides along the sliding surface 6 as in the prior art, which, however, in contrast to the prior art, no longer slides along the lower part of the soil.

In 7 and 8 Perspective views of the tillage implement 1 can be seen. In particular from 7 it can be seen that the support surface 7 has several sections 9 . In the exemplary embodiment, a variant can be seen in which the sections 91, 93 are curved, specifically with different radii. A flat section 92 is provided between the two curved sections 91,93. Other trainings are also possible. For example, all sections 9 can be curved. A suitable design depends on the expected forces and their transmission in the interaction between the support surface 7 and the sliding surface 6 .

Out of 9 the differences to the prior art are particularly evident. 9 shows similar to 4 again a cut along the line IV-IV. Another hatched area is drawn in, which indicates a course of the sliding surface 6 according to the prior art. As can be seen, in this case the sliding surface 6 runs essentially parallel to the ground with a distance 8. The cutting elements 3 are also fixed at the same angle according to the prior art, so that basically similar cutting conditions result. However, the prior art does not take into account a possible tilting of the base body 2, which automatically results from attachment to a traction mechanism. Even if this may initially offer perfect positioning, a certain amount of play can result over the course of use due to loosening of the fastening means, so that the base body 2 ultimately deflects slightly, which can then, however, already be sufficient for the sliding surface 6 according to the prior art when cutting through the ground, it rests against a lower part of the ground and thus causes the undesired smearing effect. Is however a solution according to 9 taken, as can be seen, there is a significantly greater clearance, which means that the problem of the smearing effect can also be permanently eliminated.

In Figures 1 to 9 the tillage implement 1 is shown in the form of a goosefoot share. It goes without saying that the corresponding features can easily be transferred to analog soil tillage implements 1 without this affecting the idea of the invention. It is also understood that the above-mentioned special features associated with the exemplary embodiment are also very general and can be applied independently of further features of the exemplary embodiment.

Claims (10)

1. A soil tillage implement (1) for the agricultural processing of soil, in particular, for the surface cutting of soil, comprising a base body (2) as well as cutting elements (3) arranged on it, wherein the base body (2) comprises a support surface (7) and a sliding surface (6), wherein cutting elements (3) are arranged on the support surface (7) and wherein soil can slide off across the sliding surface (6), wherein the sliding surface (6) connects to the support surface (7) tilted at an angle (α) in such a way that a distance (8) of the sliding surface (6) to a lower part of the soil that is cut through increases away from the support surface (7).
2. The soil tillage implement (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (8) increases at least in the area of a connection of the sliding surface (6) to the support surface (7).
3. The soil tillage implement (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance (8) from a connection of the sliding surface (6) with the support surface (7) to an opposite end of the sliding surface (6) increases.
4. The soil tillage implement (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the distance (8) increases continuously.
5. The soil tillage implement (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sliding surface (6) connects to the support surface (7) at least within individual areas at an angle (α) of at least 135°, preferably at least at least 140°, in particular, at least 142.5°.
6. The soil tillage implement (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the support surface (7) is bent at least in sections.
7. The soil tillage implement (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the support surface (7) is formed with a plurality of curved sections.
8. The soil tillage implement (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that one or a plurality of cutting elements (3) are arranged on the face side of the support surface (7).
9. The soil tillage implement (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the base body (2) is made of a steel.
10. The soil tillage implement (1) according to any one of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the soil tillage implement (1) is a duck foot share.

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