EP3830511A1 - Echangeur de chaleur a configuration de passages amelioree, procedes d'echange de chaleur associes - Google Patents
Echangeur de chaleur a configuration de passages amelioree, procedes d'echange de chaleur associesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3830511A1 EP3830511A1 EP19753417.5A EP19753417A EP3830511A1 EP 3830511 A1 EP3830511 A1 EP 3830511A1 EP 19753417 A EP19753417 A EP 19753417A EP 3830511 A1 EP3830511 A1 EP 3830511A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- passage
- exchanger
- series
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
- F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
- F28D9/0068—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements with means for changing flow direction of one heat exchange medium, e.g. using deflecting zones
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0093—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger comprising series of passages for the flow of at least one refrigerant to be put in heat exchange relationship with a circulating fluid, the exchanger comprising at least one passage configured for flow said refrigerant and at least one other refrigerant.
- the technology commonly used for an exchanger is that of aluminum exchangers with brazed plates and fins, which make it possible to obtain very compact devices offering a large exchange surface.
- exchangers comprise a stack of plates which extend in two dimensions, length and width, thus constituting a stack of vaporization passages and condensation passages, some intended for example to vaporize refrigerant and the others to condense a gas. calorigenically. Note that heat exchanges between fluids can take place with or without phase change.
- the passages are provided with fluid inlet and outlet openings.
- the inlets and outlets placed one above the other in the stacking direction of the exchanger passages are combined respectively in generally semi-tubular inlet and outlet manifolds, through which the distribution and evacuation of fluids.
- the inputs and outputs of the various refrigerants are arranged successively, along the length of the exchanger, in increasing temperature order starting from the cold end of the exchanger, that is to say the point of entry into the exchanger where a fluid is introduced at the lowest temperature of all the temperatures of the exchanger.
- the outlet temperature of one refrigerant is higher than the inlet temperature of another refrigerant, the other refrigerant must enter the exchanger, following the length of the exchanger, at a position closer to the cold end than is the outlet of the refrigerant.
- the pinch method is used to plan the way in which the fluids circulate in relation to heat exchange in the exchanger and to maximize the energy efficiency of the installation.
- pinch refers to the minimum difference between the temperature of the refrigerants, i.e. the fluids which heat up in the exchanger, and the temperature of the circulating fluids, i.e. fluids which cool in the exchanger, and this at a given point in the exchanger.
- each type of passageway then has a large portion in which no fluid circulates, that is to say an inactive zone in terms of exchange with the circulating fluid.
- the object of the present invention is to solve all or part of the problems mentioned above, in particular by proposing a heat exchanger. heat with greater compactness and whose thermal efficiency and mechanical strength are improved.
- the solution according to the invention is then a heat exchanger comprising several plates parallel to a longitudinal direction and defining between them a first series of passages for the flow of at least one refrigerant intended for exchanging heat with at least one circulating fluid, at least one passage of the first series defined between two adjacent plates comprising:
- a refrigerant inlet configured to introduce the refrigerant into a portion of said passage and a refrigerant outlet configured to evacuate the refrigerant from the portion
- said other inlet and outlet being arranged so that said at least one passage of the first series is divided, in the longitudinal direction, into at least said portion for the flow of the refrigerant and said other portion for the flow of the other refrigerant.
- the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics:
- passages of the first series each comprise at least one inlet, one outlet, another inlet and another outlet for refrigerant, said inlets being fluidly connected to the same inlet manifold, said other inlets being fluidly connected to the same another inlet manifold, said outlets being fluidly connected to the same outlet manifold and said other outlets being fluidly connected to the same other outlet manifold.
- the exchanger includes a first end at which, during operation, the temperature is the lowest in the exchanger, and a second end at which, during operation, the temperature is the highest of the exchanger, said second end being arranged downstream of the first end in the longitudinal direction, the portion for the flow of the refrigerant being arranged on the side of the first end and the other portion for the flow of the other refrigerant being arranged between the portion and the second end.
- the plates define between them a second series of passages for the flow of at least one circulating fluid, at least one passage of the second series being adjacent to said at least one passage of the first series and being configured so that, when a current of circulating fluid circulates in said passage, said current of circulating fluid exchanges heat with the refrigerant at at least part of the portion and with the other refrigerant at at least part on the other portion.
- At least one passage of the second series comprises, at the second end of the exchanger, an inlet for circulating fluid configured to distribute the circulating fluid in said at least one passage and, at the level of the first end of the exchanger, an outlet configured to evacuate the circulating fluid from said at least one passage.
- At least one passage of the first series comprises at least two other inlets configured to introduce respectively at least two other refrigerants in at least two other respective portions of said passage and at least two other outlets configured to evacuate the at least two others respectively refrigerants of at least two other portions, said at least two other inlets and at least two other outlets being arranged such that said at least one passage of the first series is divided, in the longitudinal direction, into at least three successive portions.
- the invention also relates to a heat exchange method using a heat exchanger according to the invention, said method comprising the following steps:
- said circulating fluid stream exchanging heat at least with the refrigerant and with the other refrigerant.
- the refrigerant discharged in step iii) has a first temperature and the other refrigerant introduced in step iv) has a second temperature, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature.
- the second temperature is at least 1 ° C lower than the first temperature.
- the present invention can be applied to a heat exchanger which vaporizes at least two partial streams of a fluid with two liquid-gas phases as refrigerants, in particular at least two partial streams of a mixture with several constituents, for example a mixture of hydrocarbons, by heat exchange with at least one circulating fluid, for example natural gas.
- the invention can be applied to a process for cooling, or even liquefying, a mixture of hydrocarbons such as natural gas.
- the liquefaction process is implemented in a process for the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG).
- LNG liquefied natural gas
- natural gas refers to any composition containing hydrocarbons, including at least methane.
- the invention relates to a process for cooling a stream of hydrocarbons such as natural gas as a stream of circulating fluid, said process using a heat exchanger according to the invention or a process for exchanging heat according to the invention and comprising the following stages:
- hydrocarbon stream from step g) can be at least partially liquefied.
- the cooled and / or at least partially liquefied hydrocarbon stream in step g) is introduced into another exchanger into which a second refrigerant stream is introduced.
- the second refrigerant stream leaving the other exchanger is expanded and then reintroduced into said other exchanger to be vaporized there by refrigerating the hydrocarbon stream and the second refrigerant stream, so that the hydrocarbon stream leaves liquefied and under - cooled from the other exchanger.
- the first refrigerant stream can be a mixture of hydrocarbons, for example a mixture containing ethane and propane.
- the refrigerant produced in step d) has a first pressure and the other refrigerant produced in step d) has a second pressure, the second pressure being greater than the first pressure.
- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view, in a plane parallel to the plates of the exchanger, of a refrigerant passage of a heat exchanger according to the prior art
- Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view, in a plane orthogonal to the plates and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the exchanger, of series of passages of the heat exchanger of Figure 1;
- Figure 3A is another schematic sectional view, in a plane parallel to the plates of the exchanger, of a passage of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention
- Figure 3B illustrates on the one hand the exchange diagram curves of a conventional exchanger as illustrated in Figure 1 and on the other hand the exchange diagram curves of an exchanger according to the invention as 'illustrated in Figure 3A;
- FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows an embodiment of a heat exchange method implementing an exchanger according to an embodiment of the invention
- Figure 5 is a schematic sectional view, in a plane parallel to the plates of the exchanger, of a passage of a heat exchanger according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 1 illustrates passages 10a, 10b of a heat exchanger according to the prior art comprising several plates 2 which extend in two dimensions, length and width, respectively in a longitudinal direction z and a lateral direction y orthogonal to z and parallel to the plates 2.
- each passage of the exchanger has a parallelepiped and flat shape. The difference between two successive plates is small compared to the length and the width of each successive plate.
- Figure 1 shows schematically passages of an exchanger configured to vaporize a refrigerant F1 and another refrigerant F2 by heat exchange with circulating fluid C.
- the other refrigerant F2 may be a fluid having a composition different from the refrigerant F1 or else a refrigerant having the same composition as the refrigerant F1 but at least one physical characteristic, in particular pressure, temperature, different from that of the refrigerant F1.
- the circulating fluid C circulates in a second series of passages 11 (visible in FIG. 2) arranged, in whole or in part, alternately or adjacent to all or part of the passages 10a, 10b of the first series.
- the flow of fluids in the passages takes place generally parallel to the longitudinal direction z which is preferably, as in the illustrated case, vertical during the operation of the exchanger.
- the passages 10a, 10b along the edges of the plates are generally sealed by lateral and longitudinal sealing strips 4 fixed to the plates.
- the lateral sealing strips 4 do not completely block the passages 10a, 10b but leave fluid inlet openings 31, 32 and outlet 41, 42.
- the exchanger comprises distribution members 51, 61, 52, 62 which extend from and to the inlets and outlets of the passages.
- These organs for example waves or distribution channels are configured to direct and ensure uniform distribution and recovery of fluids over the entire width of the passages.
- the passages 10a, 10b advantageously comprise heat exchange structures arranged between the plates. These structures have the function of increasing the heat exchange surface of the exchanger. In fact, the heat exchange structures are in contact with the fluids circulating in the passages and transfer heat fluxes by conduction to the adjacent plates.
- the heat exchange structures also have a function of spacers between the plates 2, in particular during assembly by brazing the exchanger and to avoid any deformation of the plates during the use of pressurized fluids. They also guide the flow of fluid in the exchanger passages.
- these structures include heat exchange waves which advantageously extend along the width and the length of the passages 10a, 10b, parallel to the plates 2, in the extension of the distribution members 51, 61, 52, 62 according to the length of passages 10a, 10b.
- the passages of the exchanger thus have a main part of their length constituting the actual heat exchange zone, which is bordered by distribution zones furnished with members 51, 61, 52, 62.
- Such an arrangement of passages according to FIG. 1 is encountered in particular in an exchanger implemented in a natural gas liquefaction process.
- One of the known methods for obtaining liquefied natural gas is based on the use of two natural gas refrigeration cycles using respectively a first and a second mixture of refrigerant hydrocarbons.
- the first refrigeration cycle cools natural gas to its dew point using at least two different expansion levels to increase the efficiency of the cycle.
- the second cycle liquefies and sub-cools natural gas and has only one level of expansion.
- the first refrigerant mixture from a compressor is sub-cooled in a first exchanger. At least two partial streams from the first refrigerant mixture are withdrawn from the exchanger at two separate outlet points and then expanded to different pressure levels, thus forming at least two distinct refrigerants F1 and F2 reintroduced into the exchanger through inlets. 31, 32 separate selectively supplying the passages 10a, 10b to be vaporized there and then evacuated by separate outlets 41, 42.
- the refrigerant F1 expanded at a given pressure level enters through the inlet 31 located at the cold end of the exchanger and exits through the outlet 41 at a temperature higher than the inlet temperature by the inlet 32 of the other refrigerant expanded to another pressure level.
- the input of the other refrigerant is conventionally located, in the longitudinal direction z, at a position closer to the cold end of the exchanger than neither is the outlet of the refrigerant at lower pressure.
- the exchanger includes two types of refrigerant passages, one 10a for the refrigerant F1 and the other 10b for the other refrigerant F2.
- the circulating fluid C flowing in passages 11 adjacent to the passages of a type 10a and / or of another type 10b therefore exchanges heat at the active exchange zone A1 with the fluid F1 and at the level of the active exchange zone A2 for the other fluid F2.
- Zones 11 and I2 are not supplied with fluid and therefore constitute thermally inactive zones.
- the present invention aims to reduce the longitudinal extent of these inactive zones, or even to eliminate them completely by proposing to share longitudinally at least one passage formed between two plates 2 of the exchanger and to circulate therein different refrigerants.
- Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view, in a plane parallel to that of Figure 1, of a passage of an exchanger according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the number of refrigerants of different types is limited to 2 for the sake of simplification, it being noted that a greater number of types of fluid could flow in such a passage according to the same principle.
- At least one passage 10 of the first series of refrigerant passages comprises at least one other inlet 32 and at least one other outlet 42 for another refrigerant F2.
- Said other inlet and outlet 32, 42 being arranged so that said passage 10 of the first series is divided, in the direction longitudinal z, in at least one portion 100 for the flow of the refrigerant F1 and another portion 200 for the flow of the other refrigerant F2.
- a calorigenic passage 11 of the second series is thus in contact with a refrigerant passage 10 of the first series, which promotes heat exchange and drastically reduces the thermal and mechanical stresses exerted on the plates and the exchanger inlet / outlet manifolds.
- the size of the exchanger can be reduced, thereby reducing the cost of the exchanger and the cold box in which it is integrated.
- the reduction of inactive zones within the exchanger also increases its mechanical strength.
- the inventors of the present invention have demonstrated that by taking into account the temperature overlaps from the design phase of the process, it is possible to circulate the refrigerants in the same passage, even if the temperature of output of the first fluid is greater than that of input of the second fluid.
- This requires simulating the exchanger, not in a single section with two firgorigenic fluids arriving at different temperatures, as is the case with the known method of pinching, but in different consecutive sections (two in the example cited ), each of these sections comprising a single refrigerant, arriving at its inlet temperature, to get as close as possible to the real geometry and therefore the real pinches that the exchanger will present.
- FIG. 3B shows a comparison between the Heat exchanged - Temperature (DH - T) exchange diagrams, or enthalpy curves, obtained on the one hand with a simulated exchanger according to the classic pinch method (in ( a)) and on the other hand with an exchanger in which the fluids circulate in accordance with the invention (in (b)), the curves C, F, F1, F2 illustrate the evolution of the quantity of heat exchanged as a function of the temperature, respectively for the circulating fluid, a composite refrigerant constructed according to the conventional pinch method, the refrigerant F1 according to the invention and the other refrigerant F2 according to the invention.
- DH - T Heat exchanged - Temperature
- the majority more preferably at least 80% of the total number of passages 10 of the first series, or even all of the passages 10 of the first series, each comprise an inlet and an outlet 31, 41 for the refrigerant F1 and at least one other inlet and another outlet 32, 42 for the other refrigerant F2.
- the exchanger according to the invention has a single type of passage 10 for refrigerants, which greatly simplifies the design thereof.
- the term “passages of the same type” means passages which have an identical configuration or structure, in particular in terms of dimensions of the passages, arrangements of the fluid inlets and outlets.
- the majority, preferably at least 80%, or even all, of the total number of passages 10 of the first series have an identical configuration.
- the inputs and outputs 31, 41, 32, 42 are arranged in substantially identical positions in the longitudinal direction z.
- the inputs and outputs 31, 41, 32, 42 of the passages 10 of the first series are arranged in coincidence one above the other, following the stacking direction x of the passages.
- the inputs 31, 32 and outputs 41, 42 thus placed one above the other are respectively united in collectors of semi-tubular shape 71, 72, 81, 82, through which the distribution and the evacuation of fluids.
- the longitudinal direction is vertical when the exchanger is in operation.
- the refrigerants F1, F2 generally flow vertically and in the upward direction.
- Circulating fluid C preferably flows against the current.
- Other directions and directions of flow of the fluids F1, F2 are of course conceivable, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- the passage 10 of the exchanger comprises distribution zones 51, 61, 52, 62, preferably furnished with distribution members, which extend from and towards the inlets 31, 32 and outlets 41, 42 of the passage 10.
- distribution zones are configured to direct and uniformly recover the fluids F1 and F2 over the entire width of the exchange zones A1 and A2 respectively.
- the portion 100 of the passage 10 comprises the distribution zones 51, 61 and the exchange zone A1 and the other portion 200 comprises the distribution zones 52, 62 and the exchange zone A2.
- heat exchange structures are arranged in the exchange zones A1 and A2.
- the waves can be chosen from the known wave types such as straight waves, partial shift waves (of the "serrated” type in English), wave waves or herringbone (of the "herringbone” type), perforated or not.
- the distribution members and the heat exchange structures form within the passage 10 a plurality of channels fluidly connecting the inlet 31 and outlet 41 therebetween and the other inlets 32 and outlets 42 therebetween.
- the exchanger comprises a first end 1 a at which, during operation, the temperature is the lowest of the exchanger, and a second end 1 b at which, during operation, the temperature is the highest of the exchanger.
- the second end 1b is arranged downstream of the first end 1a in the longitudinal direction z, so that the direction of flow of the fluids F1, F2 in the passage 10 is generally ascending.
- the portion 100 for the flow of the refrigerant F1 being arranged on the side of the first end 1 a and the other portion 200 for the flow of the other refrigerant F2 is arranged between the portion 100 and the second end 1 b.
- the other portion 200 extends, following the longitudinal direction z, downstream of the portion 100.
- the portions 100, 200 are juxtaposed in the longitudinal direction z, as illustrated in Figure 3, which optimizes the space within the passage 10 by maximizing the extent of the active areas.
- At least one refrigerant passage 10 of the first series comprises two other inputs 32, 33 configured to introduce two other refrigerants F2, F3 respectively into two other respective portions 200, 300 of the passage 10, and two other outputs 42, 43 configured to evacuate the other two refrigerants F2, F3 respectively from the other two portions 200, 300.
- the passage 10 is divided, in the longitudinal direction z, into three successive portions 100, 200, 300.
- the refrigerant F1 enters via the inlet 31 of at least one passage 10 at a temperature called initial T0 and is discharged through the outlet 41 at a first temperature T1 greater than T0.
- the temperature T0 is between -55 and - 75 ° C and the temperature T1 is between -10 and -30 ° C.
- the other refrigerant F2 enters passage 10 via the other inlet 32 at a second temperature T2 and leaves it through the other outlet 42 at a third temperature T3, T3 being greater than T2.
- the temperature T2 is between -15 and -35 ° C and the temperature T3 is between 35 and 0 ° C.
- the second temperature T2 is lower than the first temperature T1.
- the second temperature T2 is at least 1 ° C lower than the first temperature T1.
- the second temperature T2 is at most 15 ° C lower, more preferably at most 10 ° C, and preferably at most 5 ° C, at the first temperature T 1. This is to avoid excessive mechanical stress in the exchanger.
- the refrigerant F1 enters via the inlet 31 of at least one passage 10 at an initial temperature T0 between -55 and -75 ° C and is discharged through the outlet 41 at a first temperature T1 greater than T0, T1 being between -25 and -45 ° C.
- the first other refrigerant F2 enters passage 10 through a first other inlet 32 at a second temperature T2 and leaves it through the other outlet 42 at a temperature T3, T3 being greater than T2.
- the temperature T2 is between -30 and -50 ° C and the temperature T3 is between 0 and -20 ° C.
- the second other refrigerant F3 enters passage 10 via a second other inlet 33 at a fourth temperature T4 and leaves it through a second other outlet 43 at a fifth temperature T5, T5 being greater than T4.
- the temperature T4 is between -5 and -25 ° C and the temperature T5 is between 30 and 0 ° C.
- the fourth temperature T4 is lower than the third temperature T3. This makes it possible to have a superheated fluid F2 at the outlet of the portion 200 of the exchanger (high T3), while ensuring efficient cooling of the circulating fluid in the other portion 300 of the exchanger thanks to a start temperature of sufficiently low vaporization, T4, of the fluid F3 (less than T3).
- the fourth temperature T4 is at least 1 ° C lower than the third temperature T3.
- the second temperature T2 is at most 15 ° C lower, more preferably at most 10 ° C, and preferably at most 5 ° C, at the first temperature T1.
- the fourth temperature T4 is at least 1 ° C lower than the third temperature T3, preferably the fourth temperature T4 is at least 15 ° C lower than the third temperature T3, more preferably in order to avoid excessive mechanical stresses in the exchanger, at most 10 ° C, and preferably at most 5 ° C, at the third temperature T4.
- the refrigerant F1 and the at least one other refrigerant F2 are fluids having different pressures.
- the refrigerant F1 flows in the exchanger at a first pressure P1 and the other refrigerant F2 flows in the exchanger at a second pressure P2 which is preferably greater than the first pressure P1.
- Fluids F1, F2 can have the same composition.
- An exchanger according to the invention can be used in any process using several refrigerants of different types, in particular in terms of composition and / or characteristics such as pressure, temperature, physical state, etc.
- the natural gas arrives via line 1 10 for example at a pressure between 4 MPa and 7 MPa and at a temperature between 30 ° C and 60 ° C.
- the natural gas circulating in the conduit 110, the first refrigerant current circulating in the conduit 30 and the second refrigerant current circulating in the conduit 20 enter the exchanger E1 according to the invention to circulate there in parallel and co-directions. current.
- the natural gas comes out cooled from the exchanger E1 via the conduit 102, for example at a temperature between - 35 ° C and - 70 ° C.
- the second refrigerant current comes out completely condensed from the exchanger E1 via the conduit 202, for example at a temperature between - 35 ° C and - 70 ° C.
- the exchanger E1 three fractions, also called partial flows or currents, 301, 302, 303 of the first refrigerant current in the liquid phase are successively withdrawn.
- the fractions are expanded through the expansion valves V1 1, V12 and V13 at three different pressure levels, forming a refrigerant F1 and two other refrigerants F2, F3.
- These three refrigerants F1, F2, F3 of different types are reintroduced into the exchanger E1 having refrigerant passages provided with three separate inlets 31, 32, 33 in accordance with the invention, then vaporized by heat exchange with natural gas, the second refrigerant stream and part of the first refrigerant stream.
- the three vaporized refrigerants F1, F2, F3 are sent to different stages of the compressor K1, compressed and then condensed in the condenser C1 by heat exchange with an external cooling fluid, for example water or air.
- the first refrigerant stream from the condenser C1 is sent to the exchanger E1 through the conduit 30.
- the pressure of the first refrigerant stream at the outlet of the compressor K1 can be between 2 MPa and 6 MPa.
- the temperature of the first refrigerant stream at the outlet of the condenser C1 can be between 10 ° C and 45 ° C.
- the first refrigerant stream can be formed by a mixture of hydrocarbons such as a mixture of ethane and propane, but can also contain methane, butane and / or pentane.
- the proportions in molar fraction (%) of the components of the first refrigerant mixture can be:
- the natural gas circulating in the conduit 102 can be fractionated, that is to say that a part of the C2 + hydrocarbons containing at least two carbon atoms is separated from the natural gas using a device known to those skilled in the art. 'art.
- the fractionated natural gas is sent via line 102 to another exchanger E2.
- the C2 + hydrocarbons collected are sent to fractionation columns comprising a deethanizer.
- the light fraction collected at the top of the deethanizer can be mixed with the natural gas circulating in the conduit 102.
- the liquid fraction collected at the bottom of the deethanizer is sent to a depropanizer.
- the gas circulating in the conduit 102 and the second refrigerant current circulating in the conduit 202 enter the other exchanger E2 to circulate there in parallel and co-current directions.
- the second refrigerant stream leaving the exchanger E2 via the conduit 201 is expanded by the expansion member T3.
- the expansion member T3 can be a turbine, a valve or a combination of a turbine and a valve.
- the second expanded refrigerant stream from the turbine T3 is sent through the conduit 203 in the exchanger E2 to be vaporized by counter-current refrigerant natural gas and the second refrigerant stream.
- the second vaporized refrigerant stream is compressed by the compressor K2 then cools in the indirect heat exchanger C2 by heat exchange with an external cooling fluid, for example water or air.
- the second refrigerant stream from the exchanger C2 is sent to the exchanger E1 via the conduit 20.
- the pressure of the second refrigerant stream at the outlet of the compressor K2 can be between 2 MPa and 8 MPa.
- the temperature of the second refrigerant stream at the outlet of the exchanger C2 can be between 10 ° C and 45 ° C.
- the second refrigerant stream is not split into separate fractions, but, to optimize the approach in the exchanger E2, the second refrigerant stream can also be separated into two or three fractions , each fraction being expanded to a different pressure level and then sent to different stages of compressor K2.
- the second refrigerant stream is formed for example by a mixture of hydrocarbons and nitrogen such as a mixture of methane, ethane and nitrogen but may also contain propane and / or butane.
- the proportions in molar fractions (%) of the components of the second refrigerant mixture can be:
- the natural gas leaves liquefied from the heat exchanger E2 via the conduit 101 at a temperature preferably at least 10 ° C. higher than the bubble temperature of the liquefied natural gas produced at atmospheric pressure (the bubble temperature denotes the temperature at which the first bubbles of vapor form in a liquid natural gas at a given pressure) and at a pressure identical to the inlet pressure of natural gas, except for pressure drops.
- the bubble temperature denotes the temperature at which the first bubbles of vapor form in a liquid natural gas at a given pressure
- natural gas leaves the E2 exchanger at a temperature between - 105 ° C and - 145 ° C and at a pressure between 4 MPa and 7 MPa. Under these temperature and pressure conditions, natural gas does not remain entirely liquid after expansion to atmospheric pressure.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1857133A FR3084739B1 (fr) | 2018-07-31 | 2018-07-31 | Echangeur de chaleur a configuration de passages amelioree, procedes d'echange de chaleur associes |
| PCT/FR2019/051779 WO2020025873A1 (fr) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-16 | Echangeur de chaleur a configuration de passages amelioree, procedes d'echange de chaleur associes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3830511A1 true EP3830511A1 (fr) | 2021-06-09 |
| EP3830511B1 EP3830511B1 (fr) | 2024-06-12 |
Family
ID=63579486
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19753417.5A Active EP3830511B1 (fr) | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-16 | Procede d'echange de chaleur |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20210164734A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3830511B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7399938B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN112601925A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3084739B1 (fr) |
| PT (1) | PT3830511T (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2755968C1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2020025873A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3099559B1 (fr) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-07-16 | Air Liquide | Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz naturel avec configuration d’échangeur améliorée |
| FR3099560B1 (fr) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-07-02 | Air Liquide | Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz naturel avec injection améliorée d’un courant réfrigérant mixte |
| FR3099557B1 (fr) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-07-30 | Air Liquide | Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz naturel avec circulation améliorée d’un courant réfrigérant mixte |
| FR3099563B1 (fr) | 2019-08-01 | 2021-07-30 | Air Liquide | Echangeur de chaleur avec configuration de passages et structures d’échange thermique améliorées |
| FR3126152B1 (fr) * | 2021-08-16 | 2023-12-29 | Fives Cryo | Procédé de refroidissement mettant en œuvre un échangeur de chaleur et un tel échangeur de chaleur |
Family Cites Families (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3513907A (en) * | 1968-04-17 | 1970-05-26 | United Aircraft Prod | Plural mode heat exchange apparatus |
| GB2076304B (en) * | 1980-05-26 | 1984-02-22 | Univ Sydney | Heat exchange (evaporator) device |
| HU179903B (en) * | 1980-08-22 | 1982-12-28 | Laszlo Nadasi | Logic toy |
| SU1142704A1 (ru) * | 1982-12-13 | 1985-02-28 | Северо-Кавказское Отделение Всесоюзного Научно-Исследовательского И Конструкторско-Технологического Института Холодильной Промышленности | Устройство дл тепловлажностной обработки воздуха в системе кондиционировани |
| FR2685071B1 (fr) * | 1991-12-11 | 1996-12-13 | Air Liquide | Echangeur de chaleur indirect du type a plaques. |
| US5180004A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1993-01-19 | General Motors Corporation | Integral heater-evaporator core |
| TW216453B (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1993-11-21 | Air Prod & Chem | Integrated plate-fin heat exchange reformation |
| EP0723125B1 (fr) * | 1994-12-09 | 2001-10-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Procédé et installation de liquéfaction de gaz |
| FR2733823B1 (fr) * | 1995-05-04 | 1997-08-01 | Packinox Sa | Echangeur thermique a plaques |
| FR2751402B1 (fr) * | 1996-07-19 | 1998-10-09 | Packinox Sa | Installation d'echange thermique entre au moins trois fluides |
| US6044902A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2000-04-04 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Heat exchange unit for a cryogenic air separation system |
| SE514092C2 (sv) * | 1999-05-20 | 2001-01-08 | Alfa Laval Ab | Anordning för behandling av en gas |
| JP2002054887A (ja) * | 2000-08-10 | 2002-02-20 | Sumitomo Precision Prod Co Ltd | 高温用プレートフィン型熱交換器 |
| FR2829569B1 (fr) * | 2001-09-13 | 2006-06-23 | Technip Cie | Procede de liquefaction de gaz naturel, mettant en oeuvre deux cycles de refrigeration |
| DE10151238A1 (de) * | 2001-10-17 | 2003-04-30 | Autokuehler Gmbh & Co Kg | Kältemittel/Luft-Wärmeaustauschernetz |
| AU2003902200A0 (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2003-05-22 | Meggitt (Uk) Ltd | Heat exchanger core |
| FR2916264A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-11-21 | Air Liquide | Procede de separation d'un melange de monoxyde de carbone, de methane, d'hydrogene et eventuellement d'azote par distillation cryogenique |
| JP5293077B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-30 | 2013-09-18 | 株式会社デンソー | 熱交換器 |
| US20100175425A1 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2010-07-15 | Walther Susan T | Methods and apparatus for liquefaction of natural gas and products therefrom |
| US20100175862A1 (en) * | 2009-01-14 | 2010-07-15 | Franklin David A | Brazed aluminum heat exchanger with split core arrangement |
| DE102010042068A1 (de) * | 2010-10-06 | 2012-04-12 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wärmeübertrager |
| CA2839884C (fr) * | 2013-02-19 | 2020-10-27 | Scambia Holdings Cyprus Limited | Echangeur thermique a plaques comprenant des elements de separation |
| DE202013008316U1 (de) * | 2013-09-19 | 2013-10-18 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Plattenwärmetauscher und Wärmetauschereinheit |
| EP3006875A1 (fr) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-04-13 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé de réglage d'un système d'échangeur thermique couplé et système d'échangeur thermique |
| FR3035488B1 (fr) * | 2015-04-27 | 2018-05-18 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Echangeur de chaleur a plaques empilees |
| FR3053452B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-07-13 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Echangeur de chaleur comprenant un dispositif de distribution d'un melange liquide/gaz |
| US10323880B2 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2019-06-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Mixed refrigerant cooling process and system |
| US10663220B2 (en) * | 2016-10-07 | 2020-05-26 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Multiple pressure mixed refrigerant cooling process and system |
-
2018
- 2018-07-31 FR FR1857133A patent/FR3084739B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-07-16 WO PCT/FR2019/051779 patent/WO2020025873A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-07-16 US US17/263,231 patent/US20210164734A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-07-16 CN CN201980054689.7A patent/CN112601925A/zh active Pending
- 2019-07-16 EP EP19753417.5A patent/EP3830511B1/fr active Active
- 2019-07-16 PT PT197534175T patent/PT3830511T/pt unknown
- 2019-07-16 RU RU2021103939A patent/RU2755968C1/ru active
- 2019-07-16 JP JP2021501290A patent/JP7399938B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2021534362A (ja) | 2021-12-09 |
| US20210164734A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
| EP3830511B1 (fr) | 2024-06-12 |
| JP7399938B2 (ja) | 2023-12-18 |
| CN112601925A (zh) | 2021-04-02 |
| FR3084739B1 (fr) | 2020-07-17 |
| WO2020025873A1 (fr) | 2020-02-06 |
| FR3084739A1 (fr) | 2020-02-07 |
| RU2755968C1 (ru) | 2021-09-23 |
| PT3830511T (pt) | 2024-07-29 |
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