EP3826837A1 - Laminated vehicle pane with opaque polymeric film - Google Patents

Laminated vehicle pane with opaque polymeric film

Info

Publication number
EP3826837A1
EP3826837A1 EP19735349.3A EP19735349A EP3826837A1 EP 3826837 A1 EP3826837 A1 EP 3826837A1 EP 19735349 A EP19735349 A EP 19735349A EP 3826837 A1 EP3826837 A1 EP 3826837A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pane
vehicle
window
vehicle composite
thermoplastic intermediate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19735349.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Marcel Klein
Michael KOLF
Valentin SCHULZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Glass France SAS, Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Publication of EP3826837A1 publication Critical patent/EP3826837A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10357—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising a tinted intermediate film
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10779—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyester
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2270/00—Resin or rubber layer containing a blend of at least two different polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402—Coloured
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vehicle composite window, a method for its production and its use.
  • Modern vehicles are being equipped with an increasing number of optical sensors, the signals of which are used to support the driver.
  • sensors are cameras such as video cameras or night vision cameras, rain sensors, light sensors or distance meters.
  • Forward-facing sensors are often attached to the interior surface of the windshield, typically in the center near the top edge.
  • the sensors are covered by an opaque masking print on the windshield.
  • the usual peripheral, frame-like masking pressure which primarily serves as UV protection for the mounting adhesive of the windshield, is significantly increased in the area of the sensors in the direction of the center of the window.
  • the detection direction of the sensor includes a very acute angle of approximately 30 ° with the windshield. This results in a comparatively large, essentially trapezoidal, so-called sensor window of the windshield.
  • the sensor window is the area of the windshield through which the radiation is detected by the sensor.
  • the sensor window of the windshield is therefore the area that lies in the detection beam path of the sensor.
  • the more sensors that are to be attached to the windshield the more area of the windshield is taken up by the sum of the sensor windows and the greater the masking pressure that is to cover the sensors.
  • US 2019/0022981 A1 discloses a laminated vehicle glazing which comprises an AMOLED screen and a sensor within the laminate.
  • the AMOLED screen is located in the area of the clear window or is masked by an outer peripheral masking layer between the second main surface of the first pane and the rear surface of the AMOLED screen and a connecting part is also optionally masked by the outer masking layer.
  • EP 3 216 655 A1 proposes to support a sensor by means of a holder in such a way that the beam path runs through the sensor window at least 4 mm from the outer corners of the sensor window. In this way, the influence of the optical distortions caused by the heat absorption of the screen printing on the sensor should be kept as low as possible.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide an improved vehicle composite window, in which in particular the optical quality of the sensor window is improved and / or the risk of glass breakage during the bending process is reduced.
  • the vehicle composite pane according to the invention comprises at least one outer pane and one inner pane, which are connected to one another via at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, and an opaque polymer film, which is located between the outer pane and the inner pane is arranged, the opaque polymeric film having at least one recess according to the invention.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane are typically made of glass.
  • the composite pane is provided to separate a vehicle interior from an external environment.
  • the vehicle compound window is thus a window pane which is inserted into a window opening in the vehicle body or is intended for this purpose.
  • the vehicle composite window according to the invention is in particular a windshield of a motor vehicle.
  • the inner pane is the pane which is intended to face the interior of the vehicle in the installed position.
  • the outer pane is the pane which is intended to face the external environment of the vehicle in the installed position. That surface of the respective pane which, in the installed position, faces the external environment of the vehicle is referred to as the outside surface. That surface of the respective pane which, in the installed position, faces the interior of the vehicle is referred to as the interior surface.
  • the area of the vehicle compound pane which is arranged in the detection beam path of the camera or is provided for this purpose can be referred to as a camera area or camera window. Radiation that passes through the vehicle's compound window in the camera window is detected by the camera.
  • the at least one recess in the opaque polymer film is a sensor window for an optical sensor.
  • the vehicle composite pane according to the invention is particularly intended and suitable for attaching an optical sensor to its inner pane.
  • the interior surface of the inner pane can be equipped with suitable holders, for example with a bracket or housing.
  • the optical sensors are preferably cameras such as video cameras or night vision cameras, rain sensors, light sensors, distance meters or LIDAR (light detection and ranging) systems. If more than one optical sensor is present, the type of the individual optical sensors can also be different.
  • cameras such as video cameras or night vision cameras, rain sensors, light sensors, distance meters or LIDAR (light detection and ranging) systems. If more than one optical sensor is present, the type of the individual optical sensors can also be different.
  • the vehicle composite pane additionally comprises at least one optical sensor which is attached to the interior surface of the inner pane and is directed at the at least one recess.
  • the sensor is preferably covered by the opaque polymer film when looking through the vehicle composite window and is therefore not visible from the outside.
  • the number of cutouts in the opaque polymeric film preferably corresponds to the number of optical sensors, so that in each case one sensor is directed at one cutout. However, it is also possible for the number of cutouts to be less than the number of sensors, so that several sensors are aimed at the same cutout.
  • the at least one recess is trapezoidal.
  • a trapezoidal recess is particularly suitable as a sensor window for a camera.
  • the at least one recess is circular or oval.
  • a circular or oval recess is particularly suitable as a sensor window for a rain sensor. If the opaque polymer film has more than one recess, these can also have different shapes.
  • the area of the at least one recess corresponds at least to the size of the sensor window required for the respective sensors, preferably exactly the size of the sensor window required for the respective sensors.
  • the recess preferably has an area of at least 1 cm 2 , particularly preferably from 1 cm 2 to 500 cm 2 , very particularly preferably from 10 cm 2 to 250 cm 2 , in particular from 20 cm 2 to 100 cm 2 , for example 35 cm 2 . If the opaque polymeric film has more than one recess, the areas of these can be different.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer usually have the same dimensions.
  • the dimensions of the opaque polymeric film are preferably smaller than the outer pane, the inner pane and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the opaque polymer film only partially covers the inner pane.
  • the area of the opaque polymeric film is a maximum of 95%, preferably a maximum of 75%, particularly preferably a maximum of 50%, very particularly preferably a maximum of 10% of the area of the vehicle composite pane.
  • the opaque polymeric film consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene (PE), in particular of PET.
  • the opaque polymeric film is preferably between 10 pm (micrometers) and 80 pm, particularly preferably between 20 pm and 60 pm, very particularly preferably between 25 pm and 50 pm thick. In preferred embodiments, the opaque polymeric film is 25 pm or 50 pm thick.
  • the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB.
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • PU polyurethane
  • the thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm. If the vehicle composite pane comprises two or more thermoplastic intermediate layers, the individual intermediate layers can also be of different materials.
  • the vehicle composite pane comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another by exactly one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the opaque polymeric film is arranged between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer or between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the vehicle composite pane comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which has at least two thermoplastic Interlayers are interconnected.
  • the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged between two of the thermoplastic intermediate layers.
  • the opaque polymer film is black.
  • the opaque polymer film can also be of any other color.
  • a vehicle composite pane according to the invention can additionally comprise a cover print made of a dark, preferably black, enamel.
  • the opaque polymeric film and the masking print have essentially the same optical density.
  • the masking print is in particular a peripheral, i.e. frame-like, masking print.
  • the peripheral masking print serves primarily as UV protection for the assembly adhesive of the composite pane.
  • the masking print can be opaque and cover the entire surface.
  • the masking print can also be semitransparent, at least in sections, for example as a dot pattern, strip pattern or checkered pattern.
  • the cover print can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque cover to a semi-transparent cover.
  • An “essentially identical optical density” means that the optical densities of two materials differ from one another by a maximum of 5%, preferably by 3%, particularly preferably by a maximum of 2%.
  • this comprises a cover print which has the same color as the opaque polymer film.
  • the masking pressure is usually applied to the interior surface of the outer pane or to the interior surface of the inner pane.
  • the vehicle composite pane comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via exactly one thermoplastic intermediate layer, and a covering pressure is applied to the interior surface of the outer pane.
  • the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the vehicle composite pane comprises one
  • Outer pane and an inner pane which are connected to one another via exactly one thermoplastic intermediate layer, and a cover pressure is applied to the interior surface of the inner pane.
  • the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the vehicle composite pane comprises one
  • the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer adjacent to the inner pane or between the two thermoplastic intermediate layers.
  • the vehicle composite pane comprises one
  • Outer pane and an inner pane which are connected to one another via two thermoplastic intermediate layers, and a masking pressure is applied to the interior surface of the outer pane.
  • the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer adjacent to the outer pane, or between the two thermoplastic intermediate layers.
  • the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged as directly as possible adjacent to the pane on which the masking pressure is applied, between the outer pane and the inner pane.
  • the outer pane, the inner pane or the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be clear and colorless, but can also be tinted, cloudy or colored.
  • the total transmission through the vehicle composite window is greater than 70%, in particular if the vehicle composite window is a windshield.
  • the term total transmission refers to the procedure for testing the light transmission of motor vehicle windows as defined by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, ⁇ 9.1.
  • the outer pane and the inner pane can consist of non-toughened, partially toughened or toughened glass.
  • the thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane is typically from 0.3 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm.
  • the vehicle composite pane is preferably bent in one or more directions of space, as is customary for motor vehicle panes, with typical radii of curvature in the range from approximately 10 cm to approximately 40 m.
  • the laminated glass can also be flat, for example if it is intended as a pane for buses, trains or tractors.
  • the vehicle composite windshield is a windshield that is mirror symmetric along a center line and the opaque polymeric film is disposed on the center line near the top edge of the windshield.
  • Another aspect of the invention is an arrangement comprising a vehicle composite pane according to the invention and an optical sensor attached to it, which is fastened to the interior-side surface of the inner pane facing away from the intermediate layer and to the sensor window of the composite pane, that is to say the region of the recess in the opaque polymeric film is directed.
  • the detection beam path of the sensor thus runs through the recess in the opaque polymer film.
  • the optical sensor is preferably an optical camera, that is to say a camera with sensitivity in the visible spectral range, for example a lane camera or a camera for an augmented reality head-up display.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a vehicle composite pane, at least comprising the following steps:
  • the opaque polymeric film can be arranged manually or mechanically, for example by means of a robot.
  • the opaque polymeric film is held in position by the laminated-in at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer.
  • the use of an adhesive is usually not necessary.
  • the method according to the invention preferably does not include a step of attaching the opaque polymeric film using an adhesive.
  • the panes are subjected to a bending process before lamination, for example by gravity bending, suction bending and / or press bending.
  • Typical bending temperatures are from 500 ° C to 700 ° C.
  • an opaque masking print is preferably applied, in particular to the edge region of the outer pane and / or the inner pane.
  • a black or dark enamel is typically applied by screen printing and baked before lamination, in particular before bending or during bending.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a vehicle composite window according to the invention as a windshield of a vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle.
  • Fig. 10 cross section through the composite vehicle window according to the invention of Fig. 9 along the line A-A, and
  • Fig. 1 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the cross section through the vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention from FIG. 1 along the line AA ′, which corresponds to the center line M.
  • the vehicle composite pane 1 shown in FIG. 1 is mirror-symmetrical along the center line M and the opaque polymer film 5 is arranged on the center line near the top edge.
  • the vehicle composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3, which are connected to one another in a planar manner via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.
  • the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are made of soda-lime glass and have a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example.
  • An opaque polymer film 5 is arranged between the inner pane 3 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and has a recess 6.
  • the opaque polymer film 5 is arranged between the inner pane 3 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.
  • the opaque polymeric film 5 can also be arranged between the outer pane 2 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.
  • the vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention can also comprise more than one thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.
  • the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and is 0.76 mm thick.
  • the opaque polymeric film 5 consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and is 25 pm (micrometers) thick.
  • the recess 6 is trapezoidal in the embodiment shown in FIGS.
  • the opaque polymeric film 5 has a trapezoidal shape in which the corners pointing towards the lower edge are rounded. But it is also any other form of opaque suitable for covering a sensor polymeric film 6 possible.
  • the opaque polymeric film 5 is dark gray. However, it can also have a different color, for example black.
  • the inner pane 3 faces the interior of the vehicle.
  • the outer pane 2 faces the external environment of the vehicle.
  • the composite pane has an upper edge O and a lower edge U. In the installed position, the upper edge O points upwards to the vehicle roof, the lower edge U points downwards to the engine compartment.
  • the interior surface of the outer pane 2 is connected to the outer surface of the inner pane 3 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4.
  • the outside surface of the outer pane 2 is referred to as “side G”, the interior surface of the outer pane 2 as “side II”, the outside surface of the inner pane 3 as “side III” and the interior surface of the inner pane 3 as “side IV”.
  • FIG. 3 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention, an optical sensor 7 directed towards the cutout 6, which is attached to the inside pane 3 on the interior side via a holder 9, being additionally drawn.
  • the optical sensor 7 is, for example, a lane camera.
  • the detection direction of the optical sensor 7 is directed approximately horizontally forward on the outside of the vehicle composite pane 1. Radiation that passes horizontally through the vehicle composite pane 1 in a so-called sensor window, which corresponds to the region of the recess 6 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, is detected by the optical sensor 7.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the vehicle composite pane 1 shown in FIG. 3 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 only in that the opaque polymer film 5 has two cutouts 6, a cutout 6 being trapezoidal and a cutout 6 being circular.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the vehicle composite window 1 shown in FIG. 5 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 only in that the trapezoidal recess 6 is larger and the recesses 6 are not next to one another but are arranged one above the other.
  • the outer shape of the opaque polymeric film 5 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 differs from the outer shape of the opaque polymeric film 5 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the vehicle composite window 1 shown in FIG. 6 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 only in that the opaque polymer film 5 has three recesses 6, one of which is trapezoidal and two of which are circular.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention. This differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 in that the three cutouts 6 are trapezoidal and arranged next to one another and in that the opaque polymer film 5 in the middle in Direction of the lower edge U is extended.
  • FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention.
  • the vehicle composite window 1 shown in FIG. 8 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 only in that it additionally includes a peripheral cover print 8 made of enamel.
  • the opaque polymeric film 5 and the peripheral masking print 8 have essentially the same optical density and are dark gray in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8.
  • the peripheral masking pressure 8 is only applied adjacent to the outer edges of the vehicle composite window 1.
  • an additional cover print 8 to be applied on the outside around the opaque polymer film 5.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite window 1 according to the invention.
  • the vehicle composite window 1 shown in FIG. 9 differs from that shown in FIG. 8 only in that the opaque polymer film 5 and the peripheral masking print 8 are black are.
  • FIG. 10 shows the cross section through the vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention from FIG. 9 along the line AA ′, which corresponds to the center line M, with an additional one Optical sensor 7 attached in the form of a camera is drawn in via a holder 9.
  • the black cover print 8 is applied to the interior surface of the outer pane 2.
  • FIG. 11 shows the flow diagram of a method according to the invention for producing a vehicle composite window 1 according to the invention.
  • a first step I an outer pane 2, an inner pane 3, at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and an opaque polymer film 5, which has at least one recess 6, are provided.
  • the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the opaque polymer film 5 are arranged between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3.
  • the outer pane 2 is connected to the inner pane 3 via the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 by lamination.
  • a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention in which a sensor window is surrounded by an opaque polymer film 5, i.e. the sensor window corresponds to the recess 6 in the opaque polymer film, compared with a vehicle composite window according to the prior art, in which the sensor window is surrounded by an opaque cover print.
  • the opaque masking print was baked at temperatures of 500 ° C to 700 ° C when bending the composite pane according to the prior art.

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  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a laminated vehicle pane (1) comprising: at least one outer pane (2) and an inner pane (3), which are connected to each other by at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4); and an opaque polymeric film (5), which is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3), the opaque polymeric film (5) having at least one cut-out portion (6).

Description

Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe mit opaker polymerer Folie  Vehicle composite window with opaque polymer film
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung. The invention relates to a vehicle composite window, a method for its production and its use.
Moderne Fahrzeuge werden mit einer steigenden Anzahl an optischen Sensoren ausgestattet, deren Signale zur Unterstützung des Fahrers verwendet werden. Beispiele solcher Sensoren sind Kameras wie Videokameras oder Nachtsichtkameras, Regensensoren, Lichtsensoren oder Abstandsmesser. Nach vorne gerichtete Sensoren werden häufig an der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Windschutzscheibe befestigt, typischerweise mittig in der Nähe der Oberkante. Die Sensoren werden im Stand der Technik durch einen opaken Abdeckdruck auf der Windschutzscheibe verdeckt. Dazu ist der übliche periphere, rahmenartige Abdeckdruck, der in erster Linie als UV-Schutz für den Montagekleber der Windschutzscheibe dient, im Bereich der Sensoren deutlich in Richtung der Scheibenmitte vergrößert. Modern vehicles are being equipped with an increasing number of optical sensors, the signals of which are used to support the driver. Examples of such sensors are cameras such as video cameras or night vision cameras, rain sensors, light sensors or distance meters. Forward-facing sensors are often attached to the interior surface of the windshield, typically in the center near the top edge. In the prior art, the sensors are covered by an opaque masking print on the windshield. For this purpose, the usual peripheral, frame-like masking pressure, which primarily serves as UV protection for the mounting adhesive of the windshield, is significantly increased in the area of the sensors in the direction of the center of the window.
Herkömmliche Sensoren sind so an der Windschutzscheibe angebracht, dass ihre Detektionsrichtung horizontal verläuft. Da die Windschutzscheibe stark geneigt im Fahrzeug installiert ist, beispielsweise mit einem Einbauwinkel von 60° zur Vertikalen, schließt die Detektionsrichtung des Sensors einen sehr spitzen Winkel von etwa 30° mit der Windschutzscheibe ein. Daraus resultiert ein vergleichsweise großes, im Wesentlichen trapezförmiges, sogenanntes Sensorfenster der Windschutzscheibe. Das Sensorfenster ist derjenige Bereich der Windschutzscheibe, durch den verlaufende Strahlung durch den Sensor detektiert wird. Das Sensorfenster der Windschutzscheibe ist also der Bereich, der im Detektionsstrahlengang des Sensors liegt. Conventional sensors are attached to the windshield in such a way that their detection direction runs horizontally. Since the windshield is installed in the vehicle at a steep incline, for example with an installation angle of 60 ° to the vertical, the detection direction of the sensor includes a very acute angle of approximately 30 ° with the windshield. This results in a comparatively large, essentially trapezoidal, so-called sensor window of the windshield. The sensor window is the area of the windshield through which the radiation is detected by the sensor. The sensor window of the windshield is therefore the area that lies in the detection beam path of the sensor.
Je mehr Sensoren an der Scheibe befestigt werden sollen, desto mehr Fläche der Windschutzscheibe wird durch die Summe der Sensorfenster eingenommen und desto größer muss der Abdeckdruck ausgebildet werden, der die Sensoren verdecken soll. The more sensors that are to be attached to the windshield, the more area of the windshield is taken up by the sum of the sensor windows and the greater the masking pressure that is to cover the sensors.
Der Abdeckdruck wird bei der Herstellung einer Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe im Siebdruck vor dem Biegen der einzelnen Scheiben auf die Außenscheibe oder die Innenscheibe aufgebracht. Während des Biegeprozesses, der üblicherweise bei Temperaturen von 500 °C bis 700 °C durchgeführt wird, wird die Hitze von dem Siebdruck stärker absorbiert als von der jeweiligen Scheibe. Dies kann zu optischen Verzerrungen in von Siebdruck, insbesondere Schwarzdruck, umgebenden Sensorfenstern und/oder zur Glasbruch führen. In the production of a composite vehicle window screen printing is applied to the outer pane or the inner pane before the individual panes are bent. During the bending process, which is usually carried out at temperatures from 500 ° C to 700 ° C, the heat is absorbed more by the screen printing than by the respective disc. This can lead to optical distortions in sensor windows surrounding screen printing, in particular black printing, and / or glass breakage.
Die US 2019/0022981 A1 offenbart eine laminierte Fahrzeugverglasung, die innerhalb des Laminats einen AMOLED-Bildschirm und einen Sensor umfasst. Der AMOLED-Bildschirm befindet sich im Bereich des klaren Fensters oder ist durch eine äußere periphere Maskierungsschicht zwischen der zweiten Hauptfläche der ersten Scheibe und der hinteren Fläche des AMOLED-Bildschirms maskiert und ein Verbindungsteil ist ebenfalls optional durch die äußere Maskierungsschicht maskiert. US 2019/0022981 A1 discloses a laminated vehicle glazing which comprises an AMOLED screen and a sensor within the laminate. The AMOLED screen is located in the area of the clear window or is masked by an outer peripheral masking layer between the second main surface of the first pane and the rear surface of the AMOLED screen and a connecting part is also optionally masked by the outer masking layer.
In der EP 3 216 655 A1 wird vorgeschlagen, einen Sensor mittels einer Halterung so abzustützen, dass der Strahlengang mindestens 4 mm von den äußeren Ecken des Sensorfensters entfernt durch das Sensorfenster verläuft. Auf diese Weise soll der Einfluss der durch die Hitzeabsorption des Siebdrucks hervorgerufenen optischen Verzerrungen auf den Sensor möglichst gering gehalten werden. EP 3 216 655 A1 proposes to support a sensor by means of a holder in such a way that the beam path runs through the sensor window at least 4 mm from the outer corners of the sensor window. In this way, the influence of the optical distortions caused by the heat absorption of the screen printing on the sensor should be kept as low as possible.
In der WO 2015/186839 A1 wird vorgeschlagen die optisch verzerrten Bereiche des Sensorfensters mit einer dunklen Abschirmungsschicht abzudecken, die mittels eines Klebers an einer der Scheiben befestigt ist. Alternativ wird vorgeschlagen, die das Kamerafenster umgebende Emailleschicht zumindest abschnittsweise durch eine mittels eines Klebers befestigte Abschirmungsschicht zu ersetzen, um optische Verzerrungen zu vermeiden. In WO 2015/186839 A1 it is proposed to cover the optically distorted areas of the sensor window with a dark shielding layer which is attached to one of the panes by means of an adhesive. As an alternative, it is proposed to replace the enamel layer surrounding the camera window at least in sections by a shielding layer fastened by means of an adhesive in order to avoid optical distortions.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbesserte Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe bereitzustellen, bei der insbesondere die optische Qualität der Sensorfenster verbessert ist und/oder die Gefahr von Glasbruch während des Biegeprozesses vermindert ist. The present invention has for its object to provide an improved vehicle composite window, in which in particular the optical quality of the sensor window is improved and / or the risk of glass breakage during the bending process is reduced.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor. The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a vehicle composite pane according to claim 1. Preferred statements emerge from the subclaims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe umfasst mindestens eine Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, die über mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden sind, und eine opake polymere Folie, die zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist, wobei die opake polymere Folie erfindungsgemäß mindestens eine Aussparung aufweist. The vehicle composite pane according to the invention comprises at least one outer pane and one inner pane, which are connected to one another via at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer, and an opaque polymer film, which is located between the outer pane and the inner pane is arranged, the opaque polymeric film having at least one recess according to the invention.
Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe bestehen typischerweise aus Glas. Die Verbundscheibe ist zur Abtrennung eines Fahrzeuginnenraums von einer äußeren Umgebung vorgesehen. Die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe ist also eine Fensterscheibe, die in eine Fensteröffnung der Fahrzeugkarosserie eingesetzt ist oder dafür vorgesehen ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe ist insbesondere eine Windschutzscheibe eines Kraftfahrzeugs. The outer pane and the inner pane are typically made of glass. The composite pane is provided to separate a vehicle interior from an external environment. The vehicle compound window is thus a window pane which is inserted into a window opening in the vehicle body or is intended for this purpose. The vehicle composite window according to the invention is in particular a windshield of a motor vehicle.
Mit Innenscheibe wird diejenige Scheibe bezeichnet, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, in Einbaulage dem Innenraum des Fahrzeugs zugewandt zu sein. Mit Außenscheibe wird diejenige Scheibe bezeichnet, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung des Fahrzeugs zugewandt zu sein. Diejenige Oberfläche der jeweiligen Scheibe, welche in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung des Fahrzeugs zugewandt ist, wird als außenseitige Oberfläche bezeichnet. Diejenige Oberfläche der jeweiligen Scheibe, welche in Einbaulage dem Innenraum des Fahrzeugs zugewandt ist, wird als innenraumseitige Oberfläche bezeichnet. The inner pane is the pane which is intended to face the interior of the vehicle in the installed position. The outer pane is the pane which is intended to face the external environment of the vehicle in the installed position. That surface of the respective pane which, in the installed position, faces the external environment of the vehicle is referred to as the outside surface. That surface of the respective pane which, in the installed position, faces the interior of the vehicle is referred to as the interior surface.
Der Bereich der Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe, der im Detektionsstrahlengang eines Sensors angeordnet ist beziehungsweise dafür vorgesehen ist, wird als Sensorbereich oder Sensorfenster bezeichnet. Strahlung, die im Sensorfenster durch die Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe tritt, wird durch den Sensor detektiert. The area of the vehicle composite pane, which is arranged in the detection beam path of a sensor or is provided therefor, is referred to as the sensor area or sensor window. Radiation that passes through the vehicle compound window in the sensor window is detected by the sensor.
Handelt es sich bei dem Sensor um eine Kamera, so kann der Bereich der Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe, der im Detektionsstrahlengang der Kamera angeordnet ist beziehungsweise dafür vorgesehen ist, als Kamerabereich oder Kamerafenster bezeichnet werden. Strahlung, die im Kamerafenster durch die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe tritt, wird durch die Kamera detektiert. If the sensor is a camera, the area of the vehicle compound pane which is arranged in the detection beam path of the camera or is provided for this purpose can be referred to as a camera area or camera window. Radiation that passes through the vehicle's compound window in the camera window is detected by the camera.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe ist die mindestens eine Aussparung in der opaken polymeren Folie ein Sensorfenster für einen optischen Sensor. Die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe ist insbesondere dafür vorgesehen und geeignet, dass ein optischer Sensor an ihrer Innenscheibe befestigt wird. Dazu kann die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe mit geeigneten Halterungen ausgestattet sein, beispielsweise mit einem Bracket oder Gehäuse. In a preferred embodiment of a vehicle composite pane according to the invention, the at least one recess in the opaque polymer film is a sensor window for an optical sensor. The vehicle composite pane according to the invention is particularly intended and suitable for attaching an optical sensor to its inner pane. For this purpose, the interior surface of the inner pane can be equipped with suitable holders, for example with a bracket or housing.
Die optischen Sensoren sind bevorzugt Kameras wie Videokameras oder Nachtsichtkameras, Regensensoren, Lichtsensoren, Abstandsmesser oder LIDAR (light detection and ranging) Systeme. Beim Vorhandensein von mehr als einem optischen Sensor, kann die Art der einzelnen optischen Sensoren auch unterschiedlich sein. The optical sensors are preferably cameras such as video cameras or night vision cameras, rain sensors, light sensors, distance meters or LIDAR (light detection and ranging) systems. If more than one optical sensor is present, the type of the individual optical sensors can also be different.
Die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe umfasst in einer Ausführungsform zusätzlich mindestens einen optischen Sensor, der an der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Innenscheibe befestigt ist und auf die mindestens eine Aussparung gerichtet ist. Der Sensor ist bevorzugt bei Durchsicht durch die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe von außen durch die opake polymere Folie verdeckt und somit von außen nicht sichtbar. In one embodiment, the vehicle composite pane additionally comprises at least one optical sensor which is attached to the interior surface of the inner pane and is directed at the at least one recess. The sensor is preferably covered by the opaque polymer film when looking through the vehicle composite window and is therefore not visible from the outside.
Bevorzugt entspricht die Anzahl der Aussparungen in der opaken polymeren Folie der Anzahl der optischen Sensoren, so dass jeweils ein Sensor auf eine Aussparung gerichtet ist. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass die Anzahl der Aussparungen geringer als die Anzahl der Sensoren ist, so dass mehrere Sensoren auf dieselbe Aussparung gerichtet sind. The number of cutouts in the opaque polymeric film preferably corresponds to the number of optical sensors, so that in each case one sensor is directed at one cutout. However, it is also possible for the number of cutouts to be less than the number of sensors, so that several sensors are aimed at the same cutout.
In einer Ausführungsform ist die mindestens eine Aussparung trapezförmig. Eine trapezförmige Aussparung ist insbesondere als Sensorfenster für eine Kamera geeignet. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die mindestens eine Aussparung kreisförmig oder oval. Eine kreisförmige oder ovale Aussparung ist insbesondere als Sensorfenster für einen Regensensor geeignet. Weist die opake polymere Folie mehr als eine Aussparung auf, so können diese auch verschiedene Formen haben. In one embodiment, the at least one recess is trapezoidal. A trapezoidal recess is particularly suitable as a sensor window for a camera. In a further embodiment, the at least one recess is circular or oval. A circular or oval recess is particularly suitable as a sensor window for a rain sensor. If the opaque polymer film has more than one recess, these can also have different shapes.
Die Fläche der mindestens einen Aussparung entspricht mindestens der Größe des für die jeweiligen Sensoren benötigten Sensorfensters, bevorzugt genau der Größe des für die jeweiligen Sensoren benötigten Sensorfensters. Die Aussparung hat bevorzugt eine Fläche von mindestens 1 cm2, besonders bevorzugt von 1 cm2 bis 500 cm2, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 10 cm2 bis 250 cm2, insbesondere von 20 cm2 bis 100 cm2, beispielsweise 35 cm2. Weist die opake polymere Folie mehr als eine Aussparung auf, so können die Flächen dieser unterschiedlich sein. Die Außenscheibe, die Innenscheibe und die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht weisen üblicherweise dieselben Abmessungen auf. The area of the at least one recess corresponds at least to the size of the sensor window required for the respective sensors, preferably exactly the size of the sensor window required for the respective sensors. The recess preferably has an area of at least 1 cm 2 , particularly preferably from 1 cm 2 to 500 cm 2 , very particularly preferably from 10 cm 2 to 250 cm 2 , in particular from 20 cm 2 to 100 cm 2 , for example 35 cm 2 . If the opaque polymeric film has more than one recess, the areas of these can be different. The outer pane, the inner pane and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer usually have the same dimensions.
Bevorzugt ist die opake polymere Folie von den Abmessungen her kleiner als die Außenscheibe, die Innenscheibe und die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht. Beispielsweise bedeckt die opake polymere Folie die Innenscheibe nur teilweise. Die Fläche der opaken polymeren Folie beträgt in einer Ausführungsform maximal 95 %, bevorzugt maximal 75 %, besonders bevorzugt maximal 50 %, ganz besonders bevorzugt maximal 10 % der Fläche der Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe. The dimensions of the opaque polymeric film are preferably smaller than the outer pane, the inner pane and the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer. For example, the opaque polymer film only partially covers the inner pane. In one embodiment, the area of the opaque polymeric film is a maximum of 95%, preferably a maximum of 75%, particularly preferably a maximum of 50%, very particularly preferably a maximum of 10% of the area of the vehicle composite pane.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht die opake polymere Folie aus Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) oder Polyethylen (PE), insbesondere aus PET. In a preferred embodiment, the opaque polymeric film consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene (PE), in particular of PET.
Die opake polymere Folie ist bevorzugt zwischen 10 pm (Mikrometer) und 80 pm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 20 pm und 60 pm, ganz besonders bevorzugt zwischen 25 pm und 50 pm dick. In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen ist die opake polymere Folie 25 pm oder 50 pm dick. The opaque polymeric film is preferably between 10 pm (micrometers) and 80 pm, particularly preferably between 20 pm and 60 pm, very particularly preferably between 25 pm and 50 pm thick. In preferred embodiments, the opaque polymeric film is 25 pm or 50 pm thick.
Die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht enthält bevorzugt Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) oder Polyurethan (PU) oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, besonders bevorzugt PVB. Die Dicke der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht beträgt bevorzugt von 0,2 mm bis 2 mm, besonders bevorzugt von 0,3 mm bis 1 mm, beispielsweise 0,38 mm oder 0,76 mm. Umfasst die Fahrzeugverbundscheibe zwei oder mehr thermoplastische Zwischenschichten, so können die einzelnen Zwischenschichten auch unterschiedlichen Materials sein. The at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, particularly preferably PVB. The thickness of the thermoplastic intermediate layer is preferably from 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm. If the vehicle composite pane comprises two or more thermoplastic intermediate layers, the individual intermediate layers can also be of different materials.
In einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe eine Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, die über genau eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden sind. In diesem Fall ist die opake polymere Folie zwischen der Innenscheibe und der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht oder zwischen der Außenscheibe und der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht angeordnet. In one embodiment, the vehicle composite pane comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another by exactly one thermoplastic intermediate layer. In this case, the opaque polymeric film is arranged between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer or between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe eine Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, die über mindestens zwei thermoplastische Zwischenschichten miteinander verbunden sind. In diesem Fall ist die opake polymere Folie bevorzugt zwischen zwei der thermoplastischen Zwischenschichten angeordnet. In a further embodiment, the vehicle composite pane comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which has at least two thermoplastic Interlayers are interconnected. In this case, the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged between two of the thermoplastic intermediate layers.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe ist die opake polymere Folie schwarz. Die opake polymere Folie kann aber auch jede andere Farbe haben. In a preferred embodiment of a vehicle composite pane according to the invention, the opaque polymer film is black. The opaque polymer film can also be of any other color.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe kann zusätzlich einen Abdeckdruck, aus einer dunklen, bevorzugt schwarzen, Emaille umfassen. Bevorzugt haben die opake polymere Folie und der Abdeckdruck im Wesentlichen die gleiche optische Dichte. Bei dem Abdeckdruck handelt es sich insbesondere um einen peripheren, d.h. rahmenartigen, Abdeckdruck. Der periphere Abdeckdruck dient in erster Linie als UV-Schutz für den Montagekleber der Verbundscheibe. Der Abdeckdruck kann opak und vollflächig ausgebildet sein. Der Abdeckdruck kann zumindest abschnittsweise auch semitransparent, beispielsweise als Punktraster, Streifen raster oder kariertes Raster ausgebildet sein. Alternativ kann der Abdeckdruck auch einen Gradienten aufweisen, beispielsweise von einer opaken Bedeckung zu einer semitransparenten Bedeckung. A vehicle composite pane according to the invention can additionally comprise a cover print made of a dark, preferably black, enamel. Preferably, the opaque polymeric film and the masking print have essentially the same optical density. The masking print is in particular a peripheral, i.e. frame-like, masking print. The peripheral masking print serves primarily as UV protection for the assembly adhesive of the composite pane. The masking print can be opaque and cover the entire surface. The masking print can also be semitransparent, at least in sections, for example as a dot pattern, strip pattern or checkered pattern. Alternatively, the cover print can also have a gradient, for example from an opaque cover to a semi-transparent cover.
Eine„im Wesentlichen gleiche optische Dichte“ bedeutet, dass die optischen Dichten zweier Materialien um maximal 5 %, bevorzugt um 3 %, besonders bevorzugt um maximal 2 % voneinander abweichen. An “essentially identical optical density” means that the optical densities of two materials differ from one another by a maximum of 5%, preferably by 3%, particularly preferably by a maximum of 2%.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe umfasst diese einen Abdeckdruck, der die gleiche Farbe wie die opake polymere Folie hat. In a preferred embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention, this comprises a cover print which has the same color as the opaque polymer film.
Der Abdeckdruck ist üblicherweise auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Außenscheibe oder auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Innenscheibe aufgebracht. The masking pressure is usually applied to the interior surface of the outer pane or to the interior surface of the inner pane.
In einer Ausführungsform umfasst die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe eine Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, die über genau eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden sind und ein Abdeckdruck ist auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Außenscheibe aufgebracht. In diesem Fall ist die opake polymere Folie bevorzugt zwischen der Außenscheibe und der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht angeordnet. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe eineIn one embodiment, the vehicle composite pane comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via exactly one thermoplastic intermediate layer, and a covering pressure is applied to the interior surface of the outer pane. In this case, the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer. In a further embodiment, the vehicle composite pane comprises one
Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, die über genau eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht miteinander verbunden sind und ein Abdeckdruck ist auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Innenscheibe aufgebracht. In diesem Fall ist die opake polymere Folie bevorzugt zwischen der Innenscheibe und der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht angeordnet. Outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via exactly one thermoplastic intermediate layer, and a cover pressure is applied to the interior surface of the inner pane. In this case, the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe eineIn a further embodiment, the vehicle composite pane comprises one
Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, die über zwei thermoplastische Zwischenschichten miteinander verbunden sind und ein Abdeckdruck ist auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Innenscheibe aufgebracht. In diesem Fall ist die opake polymere Folie bevorzugt zwischen der Innenscheibe und der der Innenscheibe benachbarten thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht oder zwischen den beiden thermoplastischen Zwischenschichten angeordnet. Outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via two thermoplastic intermediate layers, and a masking pressure is applied to the interior surface of the inner pane. In this case, the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged between the inner pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer adjacent to the inner pane or between the two thermoplastic intermediate layers.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform umfasst die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe eineIn a further embodiment, the vehicle composite pane comprises one
Außenscheibe und eine Innenscheibe, die über zwei thermoplastische Zwischenschichten miteinander verbunden sind und ein Abdeckdruck ist auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Außenscheibe aufgebracht. In diesem Fall ist die opake polymere Folie bevorzugt zwischen der Außenscheibe und der der Außenscheibe benachbarten thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht oder zwischen den beiden thermoplastischen Zwischenschichten angeordnet. Outer pane and an inner pane, which are connected to one another via two thermoplastic intermediate layers, and a masking pressure is applied to the interior surface of the outer pane. In this case, the opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged between the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer adjacent to the outer pane, or between the two thermoplastic intermediate layers.
Bevorzugt ist die opake polymere Folie jeweils möglichst unmittelbar benachbart zu der Scheibe, auf der der Abdeckdruck aufgebracht ist, zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet. The opaque polymeric film is preferably arranged as directly as possible adjacent to the pane on which the masking pressure is applied, between the outer pane and the inner pane.
Die Außenscheibe, die Innenscheibe oder die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht können klar und farblos, aber auch getönt, getrübt oder gefärbt sein. Die Gesamttransmission durch die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe beträgt in einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung größer 70%, insbesondere wenn die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe eine Windschutzscheibe ist. Der Begriff Gesamttransmission bezieht sich auf das durch ECE-R 43, Anhang 3, § 9.1 festgelegte Verfahren zur Prüfung der Lichtdurchlässigkeit von Kraftfahrzeugscheiben. Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe können aus nicht vorgespanntem, teilvorgespanntem oder vorgespanntem Glas bestehen. Die Dicke der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe beträgt typischerweise von 0,3 mm bis 5 mm, bevorzugt von 1 mm bis 3 mm. Die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe ist bevorzugt in einer oder in mehreren Richtungen des Raumes gebogen, wie es für Kraftfahrzeugscheiben üblich ist, wobei typische Krümmungsradien im Bereich von etwa 10 cm bis etwa 40 m liegen. Das Verbundglas kann aber auch plan sein, beispielsweise wenn es als Scheibe für Busse, Züge oder Traktoren vorgesehen ist. The outer pane, the inner pane or the thermoplastic intermediate layer can be clear and colorless, but can also be tinted, cloudy or colored. In a preferred embodiment, the total transmission through the vehicle composite window is greater than 70%, in particular if the vehicle composite window is a windshield. The term total transmission refers to the procedure for testing the light transmission of motor vehicle windows as defined by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, § 9.1. The outer pane and the inner pane can consist of non-toughened, partially toughened or toughened glass. The thickness of the outer pane and the inner pane is typically from 0.3 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 3 mm. The vehicle composite pane is preferably bent in one or more directions of space, as is customary for motor vehicle panes, with typical radii of curvature in the range from approximately 10 cm to approximately 40 m. The laminated glass can also be flat, for example if it is intended as a pane for buses, trains or tractors.
In einer Ausführungsform ist die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe eine Windschutzscheibe, die entlang einer Mittellinie spiegelsymmetrisch ist und die opake polymere Folie ist auf der Mittellinie in der Nähe der Oberkante der Windschutzscheibe angeordnet. In one embodiment, the vehicle composite windshield is a windshield that is mirror symmetric along a center line and the opaque polymeric film is disposed on the center line near the top edge of the windshield.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ist eine Anordnung, umfassend eine erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe und einen daran angebrachten optischen Sensor, der an der von der Zwischenschicht abgewandten, innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Innenscheibe befestigt ist und auf das Sensorfenster der Verbundscheibe, also den Bereich der Aussparung in der opaken polymeren Folie gerichtet ist. Der Detektionsstrahlengang des Sensors verläuft also durch die Aussparung in der opaken polymeren Folie hindurch. Der optische Sensor ist bevorzugt eine optische Kamera, das heißt eine Kamera mit Empfindlichkeit im sichtbaren Spektralbereich, beispielsweise eine Fahrspur-Kamera oder eine Kamera für ein Augmented Reality- Head-Up-Display. Another aspect of the invention is an arrangement comprising a vehicle composite pane according to the invention and an optical sensor attached to it, which is fastened to the interior-side surface of the inner pane facing away from the intermediate layer and to the sensor window of the composite pane, that is to say the region of the recess in the opaque polymeric film is directed. The detection beam path of the sensor thus runs through the recess in the opaque polymer film. The optical sensor is preferably an optical camera, that is to say a camera with sensitivity in the visible spectral range, for example a lane camera or a camera for an augmented reality head-up display.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe, mindestens umfassend die folgenden Schritte: The invention also relates to a method for producing a vehicle composite pane, at least comprising the following steps:
(a) Bereitstellen einer Außenscheibe, einer Innenscheibe, mindestens einer thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht und einer opaken polymeren Folie, wobei die opake polymere Folie mindestens eine Aussparung aufweist;  (a) providing an outer pane, an inner pane, at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer and an opaque polymeric film, the opaque polymeric film having at least one recess;
(b) Anordnen der mindestens einen thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht und der opaken polymeren Folie zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe; und  (b) arranging the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer and the opaque polymeric film between the outer pane and the inner pane; and
(c) Verbinden der Außenscheibe mit der Innenscheibe über die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht durch Lamination.  (c) connecting the outer pane to the inner pane via the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer by lamination.
Die Anordnung der opaken polymeren Folie kann manuell oder maschinell, beispielsweise mittels eines Roboters, erfolgen. Die opake polymere Folie wird durch die einlaminierte mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht in Position gehalten. Die Verwendung eines Klebstoffs ist in der Regel nicht notwendig. Somit umfasst das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bevorzugt keinen Schritt des Befestigens der opaken polymeren Folie mittels eines Klebers. The opaque polymeric film can be arranged manually or mechanically, for example by means of a robot. The opaque polymeric film is held in position by the laminated-in at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer. The use of an adhesive is usually not necessary. Thus, the method according to the invention preferably does not include a step of attaching the opaque polymeric film using an adhesive.
Soll die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe eine Biegung aufweisen, wie insbesondere für Personenkraftwagen üblich, so werden die Scheiben vor dem Laminieren einem Biegeprozess unterzogen, beispielsweise durch Schwerkraftbiegen, Saugbiegen und/oder Pressbiegen. Typische Biegetemperaturen betragen von 500°C bis 700°C. If the vehicle composite pane should have a bend, as is customary in particular for passenger cars, the panes are subjected to a bending process before lamination, for example by gravity bending, suction bending and / or press bending. Typical bending temperatures are from 500 ° C to 700 ° C.
Bevorzugt wird vor dem Laminieren und vor dem optionalen Biegen ein opaker Abdeckdruck insbesondere auf den Randbereich der Außenscheibe und/oder der Innenscheibe aufgebracht. Dazu wird typischerweise eine schwarze oder dunkle Emaille per Siebdruck aufgebracht und vor dem Laminieren, insbesondere vor dem Biegen oder während des Biegens, eingebrannt. Before the lamination and before the optional bending, an opaque masking print is preferably applied, in particular to the edge region of the outer pane and / or the inner pane. For this purpose, a black or dark enamel is typically applied by screen printing and baked before lamination, in particular before bending or during bending.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe als Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs, bevorzugt eines Kraftfahrzeugs. The invention also relates to the use of a vehicle composite window according to the invention as a windshield of a vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen und Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Die Zeichnungen sind schematische Darstellungen und nicht maßstabsgetreu. Die Zeichnungen schränken die Erfindung in keiner Weise ein. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic and are not to scale. The drawings in no way limit the invention.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Fig. 1 Draufsicht auf eine Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe,  1 top view of an embodiment of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention,
Fig. 2 Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe der Fig. 1 entlang der Linie A-A,  2 cross section through the vehicle composite pane according to the invention of FIG. 1 along the line A-A,
Fig. 3 Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe,  3 cross section through a further embodiment of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention,
Fig. 4 Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe,  4 top view of a further embodiment of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention,
Fig. 5 Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe, Fig. 6 Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe, 5 top view of a further embodiment of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention, 6 top view of a further embodiment of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention,
Fig. 7 Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe,  7 top view of a further embodiment of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention,
Fig. 8 Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe,  8 top view of a further embodiment of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention,
Fig. 9 Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe,  9 top view of a further embodiment of the vehicle composite pane according to the invention,
Fig. 10 Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe der Fig. 9 entlang der Linie A-A, und  Fig. 10 cross section through the composite vehicle window according to the invention of Fig. 9 along the line A-A, and
Fig. 1 1 ein Flussdiagramm einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens.  Fig. 1 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 und in der Fig. 2 ist der Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 der Fig. 1 entlang der Linie A-A‘, die der Mittellinie M entspricht, gezeigt. Die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 ist entlang der Mittellinie M spiegelsymmetrisch und die opake polymere Folie 5 ist auf der Mittellinie in der Nähe der Oberkante angeordnet. In der in Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform umfasst die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 eine Außenscheibe 2 und eine Innenscheibe 3, die über eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 flächig miteinander verbunden sind. Die Außenscheibe 2 und die Innenscheibe 3 bestehen aus Kalk-Natron-Glas und weisen beispielsweise eine Dicke von 2,1 mm auf. Zwischen der Innenscheibe 3 und der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht 4 ist eine opake polymere Folie 5 angeordnet, die eine Aussparung 6 aufweist. In der in der Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist die opake polymere Folie 5 zwischen der Innenscheibe 3 und der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht 4 angeordnet. Die opake polymere Folie 5 kann aber auch zwischen der Außenscheibe 2 und der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht 4 angeordnet sein. Zudem kann die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 auch mehr als eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 umfassen. Die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 besteht aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) und ist 0,76 mm dick. Die opake polymere Folie 5 besteht aus Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) und ist 25 pm (Mikrometer) dick. Die Aussparung 6 ist in der in der Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform trapezförmig und hat eine Fläche von 35 cm2. Es ist aber auch jede andere für ein Sensorfenster geeignete Form möglich. Die opake polymere Folie 5 weist in der in der Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform eine trapezförmige Form, bei der die zur Unterkante weisenden Ecken abgerundet sind, auf. Es ist aber auch jede andere für die Abdeckung eines Sensors geeignete äußere Form der opaken polymeren Folie 6 möglich. In der in der Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist die opake polymere Folie 5 dunkelgrau. Sie kann aber auch eine andere Farbe haben, beispielsweise schwarz sein. Die Innenscheibe 3 ist in Einbaulage dem Innenraum des Fahrzeugs zugewandt. Die Außenscheibe 2 ist in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung des Fahrzeugs zugewandt. Die Verbundscheibe weist eine Oberkante O und eine Unterkante U auf. Die Oberkante O weist in Einbaulage nach oben zum Fahrzeugdach, die Unterkante U weist in Einbaulage nach unten zum Motorraum. 1 shows an embodiment of the vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention, and FIG. 2 shows the cross section through the vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention from FIG. 1 along the line AA ′, which corresponds to the center line M. The vehicle composite pane 1 shown in FIG. 1 is mirror-symmetrical along the center line M and the opaque polymer film 5 is arranged on the center line near the top edge. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the vehicle composite pane 1 comprises an outer pane 2 and an inner pane 3, which are connected to one another in a planar manner via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 4. The outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3 are made of soda-lime glass and have a thickness of 2.1 mm, for example. An opaque polymer film 5 is arranged between the inner pane 3 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and has a recess 6. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the opaque polymer film 5 is arranged between the inner pane 3 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4. However, the opaque polymeric film 5 can also be arranged between the outer pane 2 and the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4. In addition, the vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention can also comprise more than one thermoplastic intermediate layer 4. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 consists of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and is 0.76 mm thick. The opaque polymeric film 5 consists of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and is 25 pm (micrometers) thick. The recess 6 is trapezoidal in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and has an area of 35 cm 2 . However, any other shape suitable for a sensor window is also possible. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the opaque polymeric film 5 has a trapezoidal shape in which the corners pointing towards the lower edge are rounded. But it is also any other form of opaque suitable for covering a sensor polymeric film 6 possible. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the opaque polymeric film 5 is dark gray. However, it can also have a different color, for example black. In the installed position, the inner pane 3 faces the interior of the vehicle. In the installed position, the outer pane 2 faces the external environment of the vehicle. The composite pane has an upper edge O and a lower edge U. In the installed position, the upper edge O points upwards to the vehicle roof, the lower edge U points downwards to the engine compartment.
Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe 2 ist über die thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 mit der außenseitigen Oberfläche der Innenscheibe 3 verbunden. Üblicherweise wird die außenseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe 2 als„Seite G bezeichnet, die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe 2 als „Seite II“, die außenseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe 3 als „Seite III“ und die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe 3 als„Seite IV“. The interior surface of the outer pane 2 is connected to the outer surface of the inner pane 3 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 4. Usually, the outside surface of the outer pane 2 is referred to as “side G”, the interior surface of the outer pane 2 as “side II”, the outside surface of the inner pane 3 as “side III” and the interior surface of the inner pane 3 as “side IV”.
In der Fig. 3 ist der Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 gezeigt, wobei zusätzlich ein auf die Aussparung 6 gerichteter optischer Sensor 7, der über eine Halterung 9 innenraumseitig an der Innenscheibe 3 angebracht ist, eingezeichnet ist. Der optische Sensor 7 ist beispielsweise eine Fahrspurkamera. Die Detektionsrichtung des optischen Sensors 7 ist außenseitig der Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 in etwa horizontal nach vorne gerichtet. Strahlung, die in einem sogenannten Sensorfenster, das in der Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform dem Bereich der Aussparung 6 entspricht, horizontal durch die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 tritt, wird durch den optischen Sensor 7 detektiert. 3 shows the cross section through a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention, an optical sensor 7 directed towards the cutout 6, which is attached to the inside pane 3 on the interior side via a holder 9, being additionally drawn. The optical sensor 7 is, for example, a lane camera. The detection direction of the optical sensor 7 is directed approximately horizontally forward on the outside of the vehicle composite pane 1. Radiation that passes horizontally through the vehicle composite pane 1 in a so-called sensor window, which corresponds to the region of the recess 6 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, is detected by the optical sensor 7.
In der Fig. 4 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe 1 gezeigt. Die in der Fig. 3 dargestellte Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform nur dahingehend, dass die opake polymere Folie 5 zwei Aussparungen 6 aufweist, wobei eine Aussparung 6 trapezförmig und eine Aussparung 6 kreisförmig ist. 4 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention. The vehicle composite pane 1 shown in FIG. 3 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 only in that the opaque polymer film 5 has two cutouts 6, a cutout 6 being trapezoidal and a cutout 6 being circular.
In der Fig. 5 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe 1 gezeigt. Die in der Fig. 5 dargestellte Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 4 dargestellten Ausführungsform nur dahingehend, dass die trapezförmige Aussparung 6 größer ist und die Aussparungen 6 nicht nebeneinander sondern übereinander angeordnet sind. Zudem unterscheidet sich die äußere Form der opaken polymeren Folie 5 bei der in der Fig. 5 gezeigten Ausführungsform von der äußeren Form der opaken polymeren Folie 5 bei der in der Fig. 4 gezeigten Ausführungsform. 5 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention. The vehicle composite window 1 shown in FIG. 5 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 only in that the trapezoidal recess 6 is larger and the recesses 6 are not next to one another but are arranged one above the other. In addition, the outer shape of the opaque polymeric film 5 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 differs from the outer shape of the opaque polymeric film 5 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4.
In der Fig. 6 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe 1 gezeigt. Die in der Fig. 6 dargestellte Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 4 dargestellten Ausführungsform nur dahingehend, dass die opake polymere Folie 5 drei Aussparungen 6 aufweist, von denen eine trapezförmig und zwei kreisförmig sind. 6 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention. The vehicle composite window 1 shown in FIG. 6 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 only in that the opaque polymer film 5 has three recesses 6, one of which is trapezoidal and two of which are circular.
Fig. 7 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe 1. Diese unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 6 dargestellten Ausführungsform dahingehend, dass die drei Aussparungen 6 trapezförmig und neben einander angeordnet sind und dass die opake polymere Folie 5 in der Mitte in Richtung der Unterkante U verlängert ist. FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention. This differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 in that the three cutouts 6 are trapezoidal and arranged next to one another and in that the opaque polymer film 5 in the middle in Direction of the lower edge U is extended.
In der Fig. 8 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe 1 dargestellt. Die in der Fig. 8 dargestellte Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 1 dargestellten nur dahingehend, dass sie zusätzlich einen peripheren Abdeckdruck 8 aus Emaille umfasst. Die opake polymere Folie 5 und der periphere Abdeckdruck 8 haben im Wesentlichen die gleiche optische Dichte und sind in der in Fig. 8 gezeigten Ausführungsform dunkelgrau. Zur Verdeutlichung wo die opake polymere Folie 5 in der in Fig. 8 gezeigten Ausführungsform angeordnet ist, ist diese in der Fig. 8 mit einer schwarz-gestrichelten Umrandung gekennzeichnet. In der in Fig. 8 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist der periphere Abdeckdruck 8 nur benachbart zu den äußeren Kanten der Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 aufgebracht. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass zusätzlich auch noch ein Abdeckdruck 8 außen um die opake polymere Folie 5 herum aufgebracht wird. 8 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention. The vehicle composite window 1 shown in FIG. 8 differs from that shown in FIG. 1 only in that it additionally includes a peripheral cover print 8 made of enamel. The opaque polymeric film 5 and the peripheral masking print 8 have essentially the same optical density and are dark gray in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8. To clarify where the opaque polymeric film 5 is arranged in the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, it is identified in FIG. 8 with a black-dashed border. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the peripheral masking pressure 8 is only applied adjacent to the outer edges of the vehicle composite window 1. However, it is also possible for an additional cover print 8 to be applied on the outside around the opaque polymer film 5.
Fig. 9 zeigt eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe 1. Die in der Fig. 9 dargestellte Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 8 dargestellten nur dahingehend, dass die opake polymere Folie 5 und der periphere Abdeckdruck 8 schwarz sind. FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of a vehicle composite window 1 according to the invention. The vehicle composite window 1 shown in FIG. 9 differs from that shown in FIG. 8 only in that the opaque polymer film 5 and the peripheral masking print 8 are black are.
In der Fig. 10 ist der Querschnitt durch die erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 der Fig. 9 entlang der Linie A-A‘, die der Mittellinie M entspricht, gezeigt, wobei zusätzlich eine über eine Halterung 9 angebrachter optischer Sensor 7 in Form einer Kamera eingezeichnet ist. Der schwarze Abdeckdruck 8 ist in der in Fig. 10 gezeigten Ausführungsform auf der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Außenscheibe 2 aufgetragen. FIG. 10 shows the cross section through the vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention from FIG. 9 along the line AA ′, which corresponds to the center line M, with an additional one Optical sensor 7 attached in the form of a camera is drawn in via a holder 9. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the black cover print 8 is applied to the interior surface of the outer pane 2.
In der Fig. 1 1 ist das Fließdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 dargestellt. In einem ersten Schritt I werden eine Außenscheibe 2, eine Innenscheibe 3, mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 und eine opake polymere Folie 5, die mindestens eine Aussparung 6 aufweist, bereitgestellt. In einem zweiten Schritt II werden die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 und die opake polymere Folie 5 zwischen der Außenscheibe 2 und der Innenscheibe 3 angeordnet. In einem dritten Schritt III wird die Außenscheibe 2 mit der Innenscheibe 3 über die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht 4 durch Lamination verbunden. 11 shows the flow diagram of a method according to the invention for producing a vehicle composite window 1 according to the invention. In a first step I, an outer pane 2, an inner pane 3, at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and an opaque polymer film 5, which has at least one recess 6, are provided. In a second step II, the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 and the opaque polymer film 5 are arranged between the outer pane 2 and the inner pane 3. In a third step III, the outer pane 2 is connected to the inner pane 3 via the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer 4 by lamination.
Beispiel example
Es wurden Versuche durchgeführt, um den technischen Effekt der Erfindung zu untersuchen und demonstrieren. Bei den Versuchen wurde eine erfindungsgemäße Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe 1 , bei der ein Sensorfenster von einer opaken polymeren Folie 5 umrandet ist, d.h. das Sensorfenster der Aussparung 6 in der opaken polymeren Folie entspricht, mit einer Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe nach dem Stand der Technik, bei der das Sensorfenster von einem opaken Abdeckdruck umrandet ist verglichen. Der opake Abdeckdruck wurde bei Temperaturen von 500 °C bis 700 °C beim Biegen der Verbundscheibe nach dem Stand der Technik eingebrannt. Attempts have been made to investigate and demonstrate the technical effect of the invention. In the tests, a vehicle composite pane 1 according to the invention, in which a sensor window is surrounded by an opaque polymer film 5, i.e. the sensor window corresponds to the recess 6 in the opaque polymer film, compared with a vehicle composite window according to the prior art, in which the sensor window is surrounded by an opaque cover print. The opaque masking print was baked at temperatures of 500 ° C to 700 ° C when bending the composite pane according to the prior art.
Die Versuche führten zu dem Ergebnis, dass durch Umrandung des Sensorfensters durch eine opake polymere Folie anstatt eines opaken Abdeckdrucks optische Verzerrungen im Sensorfenster deutlich reduziert werden können, beispielsweise von 200 Millidioptrien (mdpt) auf 100 mdpt. Bezugszeichenliste: The experiments led to the result that by surrounding the sensor window with an opaque polymer film instead of an opaque masking print, optical distortions in the sensor window can be significantly reduced, for example from 200 millidioptries (mdpt) to 100 mdpt. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe 1 vehicle composite window
2 Außenscheibe  2 outer pane
3 Innenscheibe 3 inner pane
4 thermoplastische Zwischenschicht  4 thermoplastic intermediate layer
5 opake polymere Folie  5 opaque polymeric film
6 Aussparung  6 recess
7 optischer Sensor  7 optical sensor
8 Abdeckdruck 8 masking pressure
9 Halterung  9 bracket
O Oberkante/Dachkante der Verbundscheibe U Unterkante/Motorkante der Verbundscheibe M Mittellinie O upper edge / roof edge of the composite pane U lower edge / motor edge of the composite pane M center line

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) mindestens umfassend 1. Vehicle composite window (1) at least comprising
- eine Außenscheibe (2) und eine Innenscheibe (3), die über mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4) miteinander verbunden sind, und  - An outer pane (2) and an inner pane (3) which are connected to one another via at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4), and
- eine opake polymere Folie (5), die zwischen der Außenscheibe (2) und der Innenscheibe (3) angeordnet ist,  an opaque polymer film (5) which is arranged between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3),
wobei die opake polymere Folie (5) mindestens eine Aussparung (6) aufweist.  wherein the opaque polymeric film (5) has at least one recess (6).
2. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 , wobei die mindestens eine Aussparung (6) ein Sensorfenster für einen optischen Sensor (7) ist. 2. Vehicle composite window (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one recess (6) is a sensor window for an optical sensor (7).
3. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die opake polymere Folie (5) aus Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) oder Polyethylen (PE), bevorzugt aus PET, besteht. 3. Vehicle composite window (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the opaque polymeric film (5) made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene (PE), preferably made of PET.
4. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht zumindest Polyvinylbutyral (PVB),4. Vehicle composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB),
Ethylenvinylacetat (EVA), Polyurethan (PU) oder Gemische oder Copolymere oder Derivate davon, bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), besonders bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) und Weichmacher, enthält. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and plasticizers.
5. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die5. Vehicle composite window (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the
Außenscheibe (2) und die Innenscheibe (3) über genau eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4) miteinander verbunden sind und die opake polymere Folie (5) zwischen der Innenscheibe (3) und der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht (4) oder zwischen der Außenscheibe (2) und der thermoplastischen Zwischenschicht (4) angeordnet ist. Outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3) are connected to one another by exactly one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and the opaque polymer film (5) between the inner pane (3) and the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) or between the outer pane (2) and the thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) is arranged.
6. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die6. Vehicle composite window (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the
Außenscheibe (2) und die Innenscheibe (3) über mindestens zwei thermoplastischeOuter pane (2) and the inner pane (3) over at least two thermoplastic
Zwischenschichten (4) miteinander verbunden sind und die opake polymere Folie (5) zwischen zwei der thermoplastischen Zwischenschichten (4) angeordnet ist. Intermediate layers (4) are interconnected and the opaque polymeric film (5) is arranged between two of the thermoplastic intermediate layers (4).
7. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die opake polymere Folie (5) zwischen 10 pm und 80 pm, bevorzugt zwischen 20 pm und 60 pm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 25 pm und 50 pm dick ist. 7. Vehicle composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the opaque polymeric film (5) is between 10 pm and 80 pm, preferably between 20 pm and 60 pm, particularly preferably between 25 pm and 50 pm.
8. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die opake polymere Folie (5) schwarz ist. 8. Vehicle composite window (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the opaque polymeric film (5) is black.
9. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, zusätzlich umfassend einen Abdeckdruck (8), wobei die opake polymere Folie (5) und der Abdeckdruck (8) im Wesentlichen die gleiche optische Dichte haben und der Abdeckdruck (8) bevorzugt ein peripherer Abdeckdruck ist. 9. Vehicle composite window (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, additionally comprising a cover print (8), wherein the opaque polymer film (5) and the cover print (8) have substantially the same optical density and the cover print (8 ) is preferably a peripheral masking print.
10. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die mindestens eine Aussparung (6) eine Fläche von mindestens 1 cm2, bevorzugt von 1 cm2 bis 500 cm2, besonders bevorzugt von 10 cm2 bis 250 cm2, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 20 cm2 bis 100 cm2 hat. 10. Vehicle composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the at least one recess (6) has an area of at least 1 cm 2 , preferably from 1 cm 2 to 500 cm 2 , particularly preferably from 10 cm 2 to 250 cm 2 , very particularly preferably from 20 cm 2 to 100 cm 2 .
11. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei die Fahrzeug- Verbundscheibe (1 ) eine gebogene Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe, insbesondere eine Windschutzscheibe, ist. 11. A composite vehicle window (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the composite vehicle window (1) is a curved composite vehicle window, in particular a windshield.
12. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach Anspruch 11 , wobei die Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) eine Windschutzscheibe ist, die entlang einer Mittellinie (M) spiegelsymmetrisch ist, und die opake polymere Folie (5) auf der Mittellinie (M) in der Nähe der Oberkante (O) der Windschutzscheibe angeordnet ist. 12. The vehicle composite window (1) according to claim 11, wherein the vehicle composite window (1) is a windshield that is mirror-symmetrical along a center line (M), and the opaque polymer film (5) on the center line (M) in the Is located near the top edge (O) of the windshield.
13. Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, zusätzlich umfassend mindestens einen optischen Sensor (7), der an der innenraumseitigen Oberfläche der Innenscheibe (2) befestigt ist und auf die mindestens eine Aussparung (6) gerichtet ist. 13. Vehicle composite pane (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, additionally comprising at least one optical sensor (7) which is attached to the interior-side surface of the inner pane (2) and is directed at the at least one recess (6).
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe (1 ) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei 14. A method for producing a vehicle composite window (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein
(a) eine Außenscheibe (2), eine Innenscheibe (3), mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4) und eine opake polymere Folie (5), die mindestens eine Aussparung (6) aufweist, bereitgestellt werden; (b) die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4) und die opake polymere(a) an outer pane (2), an inner pane (3), at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and an opaque polymer film (5) which has at least one recess (6) are provided; (b) the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4) and the opaque polymer
Folie (5) zwischen der Außenscheibe (2) und der Innenscheibe (3) angeordnet werden; und Foil (5) between the outer pane (2) and the inner pane (3) are arranged; and
(c) die Außenscheibe (2) über die mindestens eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht (4) mit der Innenscheibe (3) durch Lamination verbunden wird.  (c) the outer pane (2) is connected to the inner pane (3) by lamination via the at least one thermoplastic intermediate layer (4).
15. Verwendung einer Fahrzeug-Verbundscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13 als Windschutzscheibe eines Fahrzeugs, bevorzugt eines Kraftfahrzeugs. 15. Use of a vehicle composite window according to one of claims 1 to 13 as a windshield of a vehicle, preferably a motor vehicle.
EP19735349.3A 2018-07-23 2019-07-08 Laminated vehicle pane with opaque polymeric film Pending EP3826837A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18184879 2018-07-23
PCT/EP2019/068215 WO2020020613A1 (en) 2018-07-23 2019-07-08 Laminated vehicle pane with opaque polymeric film

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3826837A1 true EP3826837A1 (en) 2021-06-02

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ID=63035879

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19735349.3A Pending EP3826837A1 (en) 2018-07-23 2019-07-08 Laminated vehicle pane with opaque polymeric film

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US (1) US11673372B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3826837A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2021531227A (en)
KR (1) KR102558186B1 (en)
CN (1) CN110944836A (en)
MA (1) MA53363A (en)
WO (1) WO2020020613A1 (en)

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WO2020020613A1 (en) 2020-01-30
MA53363A (en) 2021-06-02
KR20210022075A (en) 2021-03-02
US11673372B2 (en) 2023-06-13
KR102558186B1 (en) 2023-07-21
JP2021531227A (en) 2021-11-18
CN110944836A (en) 2020-03-31
US20210237403A1 (en) 2021-08-05

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