EP3820640A1 - Fräswerkzeug, verfahren zum auslegen eines solchen fräswerkzeugs, und kit mit einem solchen fräswerkzeug - Google Patents
Fräswerkzeug, verfahren zum auslegen eines solchen fräswerkzeugs, und kit mit einem solchen fräswerkzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP3820640A1 EP3820640A1 EP19737093.5A EP19737093A EP3820640A1 EP 3820640 A1 EP3820640 A1 EP 3820640A1 EP 19737093 A EP19737093 A EP 19737093A EP 3820640 A1 EP3820640 A1 EP 3820640A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cutting edge
- milling tool
- cutting
- feed per
- cutting edges
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/003—Milling-cutters with vibration suppressing means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
- B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
- B23C5/109—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft with removable cutting inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2210/00—Details of milling cutters
- B23C2210/28—Arrangement of teeth
- B23C2210/282—Unequal angles between the cutting edges, i.e. cutting edges unequally spaced in the circumferential direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during milling
- B23C2250/16—Damping vibrations
Definitions
- Milling tool method for designing such a milling tool, and kit with such a milling tool
- the invention relates to a milling tool, a method for designing such a milling tool, and a kit with such a milling tool.
- the challenge is that the cutting of a milling tool is not permanently in engagement with a machined workpiece, but rather is cyclically inserted into and removed from the workpiece.
- the cyclical mounting and lowering of the individual cutting edges on the workpiece causes shocks that lead to systematic excitations and thus to vibrations, which disadvantageously increases the surface roughness of the machined workpiece.
- the invention has for its object to provide a milling tool, a method for laying out such a milling tool and a kit with such a milling tool, the disadvantages mentioned not occurring at least in part.
- the object is achieved by providing the present technical teaching, in particular the teaching of the independent claims and of the embodiments disclosed in the dependent claims and the description.
- the object is achieved in particular by creating a milling tool with a plurality of cutting edges, the cutting edges being arranged offset on the milling tool in the circumferential direction of the milling tool.
- the cutting edges have an uneven angular division in the circumferential direction.
- At least two cutting edges of the plurality of cutting edges are assigned different flight circles.
- at least two cutting edges of the plurality of cutting edges have different flight circles.
- the feed per cutting edge is a measure of the cutting performance provided by the respective cutting edge.
- a lateral, that is to say radial, alignment of the cutting edges can be adapted such that the feeds per cutting edge for each cutting edge are at least essentially the same, preferably the same.
- any large angle differences between the cutting edges can be used.
- Tools with correspondingly unevenly distributed cutting edges produce fewer vibrations, so that the surface quality of the machined workpiece is increased. Due to the reduction in the excited vibrations, there is also less stress on both the milling tool and a machine tool with which the milling tool is used. Fastening devices, both for the milling tool and for the workpiece, are also less stressed.
- Milling is understood here to mean in particular a machining process using a rotating tool.
- the cutting edges of the milling tool generate the cutting movement by their rotation about a central tool axis of the milling tool as Axis of rotation.
- a feed movement is effected between the milling tool and a machined workpiece.
- the feed movement can be carried out on the milling tool and / or on the workpiece.
- An axial direction extends in the direction of the tool center axis, that is, the intended axis of rotation of the milling tool.
- the circumferential direction concentrically surrounds the tool center axis.
- a radial direction is perpendicular to the tool center axis.
- the cutting edges are in particular cutting edges of the milling tool. These can be formed directly on a base body of the milling tool, or else on cutting inserts, in particular indexable inserts, which are fastened to the base body, for example screwed to the base body or soldered into the base body.
- the cutting edges are main cutting edges of an assigned cutting edge geometry.
- the cutting edges are in particular offset from one another in the circumferential direction on the base body of the milling tool, that is to say in pairs at a finite angular distance from one another on the base body.
- a flight circle is, in particular, an imaginary circle which is defined by the path which a point on a cutting edge, which has the greatest distance from the tool center axis along the cutting geometry, describes when the milling tool rotates about the tool center axis.
- each pair of cutting edges immediately adjacent to one another has a pitch angle assigned to it - that is the angular distance that the cutting edges of the respective pair immediately adjacent to one another have - with all pitch angles of the milling tool - in particular in pairs - from one another are different. This in turn means that there is no pitch angle on the Milling tool occurs twice with the same value. In this way, vibration excitation when machining a workpiece is reduced to a particular degree.
- each cutting edge is assigned its own flight circle, with all flight circles being different from one another, in particular in pairs. This in turn means that no flight circle is provided twice on the milling tool. In particular, no two flight circles of the cutting edges have identical diameters. In other words, each cutting edge is assigned its own flight circle, which is not assigned to any other cutting edge.
- all pitch angles are preferably different from one another, and at the same time each cutting edge is assigned its own flight circle, with all flight circles being different from one another. At the same time, this enables very low vibration excitation and extremely efficient correction of the different loads on the individual cutting edges, so that the cutting forces that occur and ultimately the service life of the cutting edges can be homogenized particularly efficiently.
- the flight circles of the cutting edges - preferably as a function of the angular pitch - are selected such that a feed per cutting edge of the milling tool is at least essentially the same size, preferably for each cutting feed per revolution of the milling tool is the same size.
- the milling tool is moved perpendicular to the tool center axis during milling. This is the feed movement previously mentioned.
- a certain feed per revolution of the milling tool is set, which is the quotient of the - linear - feed speed divided by the speed of the milling tool.
- This feed per revolution can in turn be converted into a feed per cutting edge for each of the cutting edges, in particular taking into account the angular division of the cutting edges, as explained below.
- This feed per cutting edge is different for the cutting edges if the angular division is not equal - if there is no radial correction, i.e. all cutting edges have the same flight circle.
- the radial correction proposed here by selecting different flight circles for the different cutting edges is carried out in such a way that the Feed per cutting edge - and thus the cutting performance - is essentially the same for the individual cutting edges.
- the fact that the feeds per cutting edge are essentially the same size means, in particular, that the feeds per cutting edge for the individual cutting edges - in particular in pairs - from one another by at most 10%, preferably by at most 5%, preferably by at most 1%, preferably by at most 5 % o, preferably by at most 2% o, particularly preferably by less than 2% o.
- a first cutting edge of the plurality of cutting edges to be arranged on a first flight circle, a plurality of second cutting edges of the plurality of cutting edges being set back radially relative to the first flight circle, with a respective setback preferably for every second cutting edge depending on the respective pitch angle to the leading cutting edge.
- the first flight circle advantageously defines a nominal diameter of the milling tool, the second cutting edges, preferably all other cutting edges except the first cutting edge, being set back in the radial direction relative to the nominal diameter.
- the back offset for every second cutting edge is selected as a function of the respective pitch angle to the respective cutting edge leading the cutting edge means in particular that the corresponding pitch angle is included in the calculation of the back offset.
- the dependency in a preferred embodiment is not a monotonous dependency. Rather, the specific back offset is preferably calculated in accordance with an iteration method that will be described below.
- a cutting edge leading a cutting edge is understood to mean a cutting edge which - viewed in the direction of rotation of the milling tool - leads the viewed cutting edge directly, that is to say, when machining a workpiece immediately before the viewed cutting edge, it comes into engagement with the material of the workpiece.
- the object is also achieved by creating a method for designing, preferably for producing, a milling tool according to the invention or a milling tool according to one of the exemplary embodiments described above, wherein a first flight circle is defined for a first cutting edge of the plurality of cutting edges, and wherein a plurality second Cutting edges of the plurality of cutting edges are set back radially relative to the first flight circle, wherein a respective back offset for each second cutting edge is preferably selected depending on the respective pitch angle to the leading cutting edge.
- the milling tool is then preferably produced with the correspondingly found cutting edge arrangement. In this way the milling tool is obtained.
- the pitch angles that is to say the angular pitch for the blades, are determined before the first flight circle is established or at least before the respective back offsets are determined for the second blades.
- the back offsets for the second cutting edges are determined in the following manner: a) a specific feed per revolution is determined for the milling tool. Then b) a feed per cutting edge is calculated for each cutting edge of the plurality of cutting edges. C) an average feed per cutting edge is calculated for an imaginary - hypothetical - even distribution of the cutting edges along the circumference of the milling tool, i.e. the feed per cutting edge is calculated as the average feed per cutting edge that would theoretically result if the cutting edges were along the circumference of the milling tool would be evenly distributed.
- the cutting edge is determined which - according to step b) - is assigned the largest feed per cutting edge at the specified angular division of the cutting edges, this cutting edge starting from the first flight circle by the difference between the largest feeding per cutting edge and the average feed is reset radially per cutting edge.
- the first cutting edge is in particular, preferably by definition, the cutting edge that leads the cutting edge that has the greatest feed per cutting edge before the correction.
- e) for the cutting edge following the previous cutting edge set back in the previous step - be it step d) or a previously performed iteration of step e) - a feed per cutting edge supplemented by the offset of the previous cutting edge is calculated.
- the subsequent cutting edge is then radially reset by the amount of the difference between the average feed per cutting edge and the supplemented feed per cutting edge.
- the supplemented feed per cutting edge is preferably calculated as the sum of the feed per cutting edge calculated for the subsequent cutting edge and the - additive with a positive sign added - back offset of the previous cutting edge. This additional feed per cutting edge takes into account that the subsequent cutting edge is more heavily loaded due to the back offset of the previous cutting edge, that is, with its own radial position unchanged, it has to achieve a greater cutting performance if the previous cutting edge is set back radially.
- step e) is then repeated f) for the subsequent cutting edges along the circumference until a corrected feed per cutting edge, which is in particular the difference between the feed per cutting edge calculated in step b) and a sum of those for the respective cutting edge Back offsets performed for each cutting edge are essentially equal to the mean feed per cutting edge.
- Step e) is thus repeated for the cutting edges - including the first cutting edge, if necessary, for which the first flight circle is then possibly corrected - until the feeds per cutting edge are homogenized for all cutting edges, and all are essentially equal to the average feed per cutting edge are. It is possible that this is the case after a first pass through the second cutting edges without including the first cutting edge, that is to say after calculating the back offsets for all second cutting edges.
- the supplemented feed per cutting edge is preferably also calculated for the first cutting edge. If it is determined that this is at least substantially equal to the average feed per cutting edge, the method is ended without the first flight circle needing to be corrected. Otherwise, as mentioned, the process can be continued until the condition mentioned is fulfilled.
- the method is preferably continued until a defined termination condition is met, which is preferably given by the fact that a relative deviation between the feed per cutting edge from the average feed per cutting edge for all cutting edges is at most 10%, preferably at most 5%, preferably at most 1%, preferably at most 5% o, preferably at most 2% o, preferably less than 2% o.
- the feed per cutting edge is preferably calculated as where f is the feed per cutting edge for the cutting edge i in question, i being an index identifying the respective cutting edge, where a is the pitch angle by which the cutting edge in question is considered Cutting edge i is spaced apart from its leading cutting edge il in the circumferential direction, specified in degrees, at 360 ° for the full circle, where f u is the feed per revolution for the milling tool.
- f m the average feed per cutting edge
- N the number of cutting edges of the milling tool.
- the supplemented feed per cutting edge is then preferably calculated as follows:
- f 3j i
- the feedrate for the third cutting edge corrected in the first iteration then results:
- the supplemented feeds per cutting edge can preferably be formalized as follows: and the correspondingly corrected feeds per cutting edge can preferably be formalized as:
- the object is also achieved by creating a kit which contains a milling tool according to the invention or a milling tool according to one of the previously described Has exemplary embodiments, and also an application note, including an instruction to use the milling tool with the determined feed per revolution.
- This advantageously ensures that the milling tool is used with the feed per revolution for which the back offsets of the individual cutting edges were calculated.
- the invention particularly relates to a lateral (or radial) correction of the cutting edges of the milling tools with an uneven arrangement of the cutting edges, i.e. H. If there are any angular differences between the cutting edges, the cutting edges must be corrected so that the feeds per tooth are all as equal as possible (ideally the same size).
- Figure 1 is an illustration of an embodiment of a milling tool
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a front view of an embodiment of the
- Milling tool and the correction carried out here according to an embodiment of the method.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a milling tool 10 which has a plurality of cutting edges 30, of which only one is designated here with the corresponding reference symbol for the sake of clarity.
- the cutting edges 30 are arranged offset to one another on the milling tool 10 in the circumferential direction of the milling tool 10, here in particular in the form of indexable inserts fastened to a base body 50 of the milling tool 10. These are in particular screwed to the base body 50 here, but they can also be soldered to the base body 50, for example, in particular to these.
- the cutting edges are provided on the milling tool 10 in the circumferential direction at an uneven angular pitch. At least two cutting edges of the plurality of cutting edges are assigned to 30 different flight circles. Different flight circles are particularly preferably assigned to all cutting edges 30 of the plurality of cutting edges 30.
- the milling tool 10 has a very low vibration excitation when machining a workpiece, in particular a significantly reduced tendency to rats, with one feed per cutting edge at the same time a chip volume and a cutting performance, and ultimately wear and a service life over the cutting edges 30 is evened out.
- each pair of cutting edges 30 immediately adjacent to one another has an associated pitch angle, with all pitch angles being different from one another.
- all flight circles of the cutting edges 30 are different from one another.
- the flight circles of the cutting edges 30 are selected such that a feed per cutting edge of the milling tool 10 is essentially the same size for each cutting edge 30, at least for a specific feed per revolution of the milling tool 10.
- a first cutting edge 30 of the plurality of cutting edges 30 is preferably arranged on a first flight circle, which also corresponds to the nominal diameter of the milling tool 1, a plurality of second cutting edges 30 of the plurality of cutting edges 30 being radially set back relative to the first flight circle, wherein a respective setback for every second cutting edge is preferably selected depending on the respective pitch angle to the respective leading cutting edge 30.
- the direction of rotation of the tool is indicated by a first arrow Pl and corresponds to the clockwise direction.
- a speed w for the milling tool 10 is preferably constant in its operation.
- the pitch angles a assigned to the individual cutting edges 30, to the respective leading cutting edge the pitch angle a 2 assigned to the second cutting edge z2, briefly called the second pitch angle a 2 , here being 110 ° by way of example, the third pitch angle a 3 being 60 by way of example °, the fourth pitch angle a 4 being 70 °, for example, the fifth pitch 0.5 being 55 °, for example, the first pitch angle ai being 65 °, for example.
- the milling tool 10 is here displaced linearly at a constant speed v relative to a schematically indicated workpiece 70 along a direction indicated by a second arrow P2. This is the feed of the milling tool 10. Also shown Curves along which the individual cutting edges 30 engage the workpiece 70. In this case, engagement curves K, which are assigned to the individual cutting edges 30, are shown as they appear before the correction of the radial position of the cutting edges 30 proposed here. As dashed curves the intervention curves are shown after the correction proposed here has been carried out.
- the corrected milling path is identical to the original milling path Ki.
- the first flight circle for the first cutting edge z1 is determined, the other cutting edges being radially reset relative to the first cutting circle, the respective setback for the other cutting edges depending on the respective pitch angle a leading cutting edge is selected.
- the feed per revolution for the milling tool 10 is chosen here by way of example to be 0.5 mm per revolution.
- an average feed per cutting edge is determined for an imaginary uniform distribution of the cutting edges 30 along the circumference of the milling tool 10.
- the average feed per cutting edge is 0.1 mm according to equation (2) given above.
- the - uncorrected - feed per cutting edge results here in particular from the above equation (1) using the specified pitch angle for cutting edges zi: zl 0.0903 mm, z2 0.153 mm, z3 0.0833 mm, z4 0.0972 mm, z5 0.0764 mm.
- the cutting edge to which the greatest feed per cutting edge is assigned is now determined, this is the second cutting edge z2 here.
- a back offset is now determined from the difference between the largest feed per cutting edge and the average feed per cutting edge, which is 0.053 mm here by way of example.
- the second cutting edge z2 is radially reset by this difference, which is also indicated in FIG. 2.
- a feed per cutting edge supplemented by the back offset of the previous cutting edge z2 is calculated, namely as the sum of the original feed per cutting edge for the third cutting edge z3, namely 0.0833 mm, plus the back offset for the second cutting edge z2, namely 0.053mm, so that the additional feed per cutting edge for the third cutting edge z3 is 0.1363 mm.
- the back offset for the fifth cutting edge z5 After calculating the back offset for the fifth cutting edge z5, it is now checked whether the termination condition for the first cutting edge zl is met by formally calculating an additional feed per cutting edge for the first cutting edge zl. For this purpose, the back offset for the fifth cutting edge z5, namely 0.0099 mm, is added to the original feed per cutting edge of the first cutting edge zl, namely 0.0903 mm. This results in an additional feed per cutting edge of 0.1002 mm for the first cutting edge. This is just 2% higher than the average feed per cutting edge, which fulfills the previously defined termination condition. The process is now complete. The corresponding setbacks or corrections k ⁇ for the individual cutting edges zi are also entered in FIG. 2. The original feeds per cutting edge are also entered, as are the resulting additional feeds per cutting edge (all specifications in mm, unless expressly stated).
- the invention also includes a kit 90, which includes the milling tool 10 and a usage instruction 110, the usage instruction 110 containing at least one instruction to use the milling tool 10 at the specific feed per revolution for which the back offset of the cutting edges 30 is calculated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202018003189.5U DE202018003189U1 (de) | 2018-07-09 | 2018-07-09 | Seitliche bzw. radiale Korrektur der Schneiden bei allen rotierenden mehrzahnigen spanabnehmenden Schneidwerkzeugen mit ungleichmäßig angeordneten Schneiden (Fräswerkzeuge, Kreissägeblätter) |
PCT/EP2019/068175 WO2020011682A1 (de) | 2018-07-09 | 2019-07-05 | Fräswerkzeug, verfahren zum auslegen eines solchen fräswerkzeugs, und kit mit einem solchen fräswerkzeug |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3820640A1 true EP3820640A1 (de) | 2021-05-19 |
Family
ID=63588095
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19737093.5A Withdrawn EP3820640A1 (de) | 2018-07-09 | 2019-07-05 | Fräswerkzeug, verfahren zum auslegen eines solchen fräswerkzeugs, und kit mit einem solchen fräswerkzeug |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3820640A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE202018003189U1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020011682A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102019105858A1 (de) | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-10 | Kennametal Inc. | Umfangsfräswerkzeug sowie Verfahren zum Anordnen von Schneidkanten |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5221163A (en) * | 1988-10-31 | 1993-06-22 | Gn Tool Co., Ltd. | Nicked cutting tool |
JP2002361511A (ja) * | 2001-06-11 | 2002-12-18 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 切削工具の切刃配列方法 |
EP3009217B1 (de) * | 2014-10-13 | 2017-07-05 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | Tangentialer Schneideinsatz und Fräswerkzeug mit einem derartigen Schneideinsatz |
US10058933B2 (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2018-08-28 | The Boeing Company | Orbital cutting tool having cutting edges with axially varying circumferential spacing |
-
2018
- 2018-07-09 DE DE202018003189.5U patent/DE202018003189U1/de active Active
-
2019
- 2019-07-05 EP EP19737093.5A patent/EP3820640A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-07-05 WO PCT/EP2019/068175 patent/WO2020011682A1/de unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2020011682A1 (de) | 2020-01-16 |
DE202018003189U1 (de) | 2018-09-04 |
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