EP3819457B1 - Use of a ladder safety device to enter a shaft and entry arrangement - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a use of a ladder safety device intended to securely hold a ladder placed in a shaft, which is used for entering the shaft, and an entry arrangement using this ladder safety device.

The shaft can be, for example, a sewage system shaft or a shaft that leads into the interior of an oil separator in the case of larger tank systems. Entry into the shaft may become necessary as part of regular inspection work or for maintenance work.

It is known from practice to take safety measures when entering a shaft. This is to ensure that the personnel entering the shaft can be rescued if the composition of the breathing air is unfavorable or dangerous and there is a risk of insufficient oxygen supply or if the surfaces inside the shaft are so slippery that there is a corresponding risk of falling and injury could exist for the staff. As part of these security measures, it is known from practice, a safety frame - usually in the form a tripod or tripod - to be set up above the access opening of the shaft and to store a safety line on a spool on the safety frame, the free end of which is connected to the personnel entering the shaft so that, in the event of danger, the personnel can use this safety line to get into the area of the shaft or can be retrieved within the shaft to the manhole.

For the descent within the shaft, on the one hand, individual steps can be firmly anchored in the shaft wall, for example in the form of U-shaped brackets. In many cases, however, a ladder is placed in the shaft, standing on a floor below. It cannot be ruled out that the stability of the ladder cannot be ensured to the desired extent due to the nature of the ground or due to deposits on the ground.

From the U.S.A. 4,892,170 , which represents the closest prior art, a portable ladder assembly is known in which the ladder serves to allow entry into a manhole called a manhole. This ladder assembly comprises a monorail ladder which has only a single, centrally running stanchion through which the ladder rungs extend transversely and are each free at both ends. By using the monorail ladder, the smallest possible area of the access opening of a shaft should be occupied by the ladder and its ladder protection, so that the largest possible area of the access opening remains free for the personnel entering the shaft. The ladder safety device has a traverse that runs parallel to the ladder rungs and rests on the ground outside the manhole. A cantilever extends vertically upwards from the traverse, i.e. parallel to the central axis of the shaft, so that not only the ladder but also the ladder safety device extends as little as possible over the Manhole protrudes. The monorail ladder is held to the upright boom by retaining two stacked rungs, respectively, in receptacles located on the boom. The ladder does not stand on the bottom of the shaft, but hangs freely with its lower end at a distance above the bottom of the shaft. The vertical alignment of the ladder is determined by the fact that the ladder is gripped and held by two rungs arranged one above the other. In order to secure the traverse, together with the boom and the ladder hanging from it, against tipping movements, in which the traverse would act like a pivot axis, attachment pieces run from both ends of the traverse and transversely to the traverse next to the access opening, which rest on the ground and with which the traverse is supported on the ground. The traverse and the two attachment pieces together form a U-shaped floor frame that lies on the floor and runs around the outside of the manhole. From the DE 298 04 720 U1 discloses a ladder support fastener which can be used as a stand alone wall support. Guide rails are mounted on the two stanchions of a ladder, and a crossbar is attached to the guide rails. For attachment to a wall, a corner of a building or to bridge window openings, duct profiles are used, which are equipped with clamping or locking devices. The clamping or locking devices can accommodate and secure individually designed supports, which can be designed as telescopic, spread support rods in the vertical direction, as external wall or building corner supports in the direction in which the ladder is applied, or as window opening bridging supports running parallel to the crossbar.

From the US 2011/0158783 A1 a ladder system is known in which a ladder fuse as in the above U.S.A. 4,892,170 has a traverse and at both ends thereof transverse to the traverse system pieces, wherein the traverse and the attachments rest on the floor. Unlike the U.S.A. 4,892,170 the traverse runs over the access opening and the two contact pieces extend at the two ends of the traverse to both sides, so that an overall H-shaped floor frame is created. The ladder is secured in that two hook-shaped holders, which are connected to one another by a rod and kept at a distance from one another, are hung loosely from above onto the traverse and in turn provide a support surface below the traverse on which a ladder rung can be placed. Extensions of the two brackets rest against the wall below the manhole opening, so that any pivoting movement which the bracket could perform around the traverse is limited.

From the EP 0 957 231 A1 a ladder safety device is known which serves to secure a ladder to a wall. A traverse, which runs parallel to the ladder rungs, is connected at both ends to side arms which run transversely to the traverse, which receive the ladder between them and produce an overall H-shaped configuration for the ladder safety device. The ladder is attached to the traverse, e.g. B. by means of U-shaped brackets, which connect to the traverse and run around a rung. At each end, the side arms carry a plate that is provided with a rubber cushion on its outside, so that the side arms represent contact pieces and the ladder safety device with the two rubber cushions of these contact pieces can be placed against a wall.

From the DE 298 00 328 U1 a support for leaning ladders is known, which is intended in particular for building corners. To rest against an outside corner, the traverse can be angled and form a contact angle, from which several spacers extend as contact pieces to the wall, each carrying a roller on their free end remote from the traverse, which makes contact with the wall causes. The tip of the traverse designed as a contact angle points to the center of the ladder between its two stanchions, and the ladder is held at a distance from the tip of the traverse by means of two extension arms, which run as support arms from the traverse to one stanchion of the ladder. In order to rest against an inside corner, the traverse has contact pieces at both of its ends, which also bear against the respective wall by means of rollers.

From the JP 2001 003379 A is a backup known as a manhole manhole known. This fuse does not affect a ladder, but is designed as a grid or net and is used to cover the manhole. A frame that z. B. designed as a tripod and placed over the manhole, carries additional warning signs on its upright struts.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a ladder safety device for entering a shaft, which enables the safest possible arrangement of an entry ladder in a shaft. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of specifying an entry arrangement which, in order to access a shaft, enables entry into the shaft to be as safe as possible.

This object is achieved by using a ladder safety device according to claim 1 and by an entry arrangement according to claim 16. Advantageous configurations are described in the dependent claims.

In other words, the invention proposes holding the ladder securely in the area that is at the height of the manhole opening. Because the ladder is held securely at this point, slipping away of the ladder can also be reliably avoided if the floor on which the ladder stands is unfavorably designed or slippery.

The invention is based on the consideration that as a classic safety measure, a safety frame is set up over the manhole manhole anyway. The three support legs of a tripod are evenly distributed around the entry opening on a solid surface. According to the invention, two of the support legs of the safety frame are connected to one another by a traverse. Depending on the diameter of the manhole and the size of the safety frame, the traverse runs close to the edge above the manhole or even next to and above the manhole.

A cantilever extends from the traverse and runs transversely to the traverse. It is located in the central area of the traverse and therefore runs in the direction of the central axis of the shaft. At its free end, remote from the traverse, above the entry opening of the shaft, the jib has a receptacle. A rung of the ladder placed in the shaft can be accommodated in this receptacle. For this purpose, the recording has a U-shaped cross section, which is dimensioned so large that a ladder rung can be accommodated in it. The receptacle is designed in such a way that the ladder—and thus the ladder rung located in the U-shaped receptacle—is supported or secured against downward forces.

In one embodiment, it can be provided, for example, that the U-shaped cross section of the receptacle is open at the top. In this way, the ladder rung can easily be hooked into the receptacle from above and is secured by the receptacle against movements directed downwards, as would be the case if the ladder slipped away at the bottom. If the U-shaped cross section should not be open at the top but, for example, at the side or at the bottom, a safety element can be provided which the ladder rung securely fixed within the recording. A certain amount of play in the ladder rung within the receptacle can be tolerated without any problems, the securing only has to take place in such a way that the ladder rungs are not completely released and can fall out of the receptacle together with the securing element, because in this case the ladder could slip down uncontrollably.

Advantageously, the jib can be fixed to the traverse in an adjustable manner, so that the distance between the receptacle, which is located at the end of the jib, and the traverse can be adjusted. This enables optimal adaptation to the dimensions of the safety frame and to the particular conditions found in the shaft and its manhole, for example adaptation to the diameter of the manhole. Due to the adjustability of the boom, the holder can be arranged as close as possible to the edge of the shaft wall, on the one hand to be able to reliably grasp the ladder rung and, on the other hand, to keep the ladder as close as possible to the shaft wall and leave as large a proportion of the access opening as possible free to - and egress for the staff, who often still have equipment on their bodies, as easily and safely as possible.

The recording can advantageously be formed by a U-profile rail. In contrast to a single hook, which could form the receptacle, the ladder is supported as extensively and as securely as possible. In addition, the surface pressure between the mount and the ladder rung is significantly reduced by a longer profile rail compared to a hook, so that the pressure loads acting on the rung and the mount can be kept as low as possible in terms of treating these elements as gently as possible.

Advantageously, the traverse can be designed to be as universally usable as possible, in that it can be adapted to differently designed safety frames or because one and the same safety frame is set up differently at different locations, for example the three support legs of a tripod are aligned at different angles depending on the local conditions found . For this purpose, the traverse can advantageously have a central piece, and at least one, but advantageously both, outer contact pieces can adjoin this central piece in an adjustable manner in the longitudinal direction of the traverse. In this way, the effective length of the traverse between its two attachment pieces can be adjusted and accordingly adjusted to the respective distance at which the connection points are located where the traverse is to be connected to the support legs of the safety frame. If two outer contact pieces are used, i.e. the traverse can be telescoped in three parts and not just in two parts, the center piece of the traverse can always be positioned in such a way that the boom and the mount are aligned in the middle of the manhole.

A particularly fine adjustment of the length of the traverse can be achieved by connecting a contact piece to the center piece of the traverse by means of a threaded spindle. Depending on the thread pitch, the contact piece can accordingly be adjusted in very small steps. If the contact piece is rotatably mounted relative to the spindle, it can maintain its orientation while the spindle is adjusted, so that in this case even a stepless length adjustment of the traverse is possible.

As an alternative to this, the length of the traverse can be adjusted particularly quickly by connecting a contact piece to the central piece by means of a perforated rail. Especially when both pieces of equipment are adjustable accordingly and the hole spacing for one piece of equipment is different are selected than for the other piece of equipment, length changes of the traverse can also be carried out in very small steps in this embodiment by means of different combinations.

Advantageously, the contact pieces can each be pivoted about a lying axis, that is, angularly movable, connected to the middle piece, so that they can be adapted to support legs of the safety frame that are at different inclinations. If, depending on the local conditions, the safety frame is erected with sometimes steeper and sometimes with flatter support legs, this ensures that the system pieces can be easily placed on their respective assigned support legs. The joint can be arranged outside of the contact piece, namely between the contact piece and the center piece of the traverse, or at almost any point within the contact piece, so that the angle adjustment between the center piece of the traverse and the support leg of the safety frame is made possible.

Such mobility can be made possible, for example, in that the two plant sections are each connected to the central section of the crossbeam by means of a ball joint. If the length of the traverse is adjusted using a spindle, the ball-and-socket bearing allows the two contact pieces to maintain their alignment during the length adjustment, thus enabling stepless length adjustment of the traverse.

Advantageously, the traverse can have a piece of pipe running transversely, through which the cantilever extends. In this way, a reliable and resilient guidance of the boom is given. Holes in the pipe section and in the boom are provided in this embodiment and arranged so that they are aligned with each other depending on how far the boom is shifted within the pipe section. Using a safety bolt the boom can be set in the desired position with this perforated rail-like adjustment option in order to determine the effective length of the boom - i.e. the distance between the traverse and the mount - and to set the mount for the ladder rung in a suitable position.

The contact pieces can advantageously be fixed to the support legs of the safety frame. In this case, the traverse is not simply adjusted and lengthened outwards until the contact pieces come into contact with the support legs of the safety frame and the support legs grip behind them in an L-shape or around a U-shape, for example, but rather they are fixed to the support legs, so that external vibrations or an accidental step on the safety frame cannot cause the traverse to become detached from the safety frame.

Fast handling of the ladder safety is supported by the fact that the contact pieces on the support legs of the safety frame are not fixed using safety ropes, which would have to be looped and knotted around the contact pieces and the support legs. Rather, a bore can advantageously be provided in each of the contact pieces, and each contact piece can be assigned a safety bolt, which can be inserted into this bore. In this configuration of the ladder safety device, the present proposal is based on the fact that the support legs of the tripods used in practice can be adjusted in length in the manner of perforated rails and also each have a plurality of holes. A safety bolt can therefore extend through the contact piece and a support leg of the tripod and thus reliably fix the traverse to the tripod. In contrast to the use of a clamp, a clamp fist or the like to set the investment pieces is a quick and easy handling and by the Positive locking ensures a highly resilient and reliable fixing.

As an alternative to the safety bolts mentioned above, however, it can be advantageous in certain applications that the contact pieces each have a clamp with an adjustable opening width, i.e. are designed in the manner of the clamp already mentioned above, with the clamp being intended to encompass a support leg of the safety frame. The clamp with adjustable opening width allows a contact piece to be opened and closed in order to be fixed to a support leg or removed from the support leg, and there is also the option of adapting the contact piece to different cross-sectional dimensions and cross-sectional geometries of the support leg.

Thus, the traverse can be mounted on security frames of different designs, namely, for example, different manufacturers, different years of construction or the like, ie on security frames whose support legs are designed differently. The support legs can differ, for example, with regard to the basic geometric shape if they are designed, for example, as a hollow profile with a circular, oval or square cross section. Or they can be designed differently even with the same basic geometric shape simply because of different dimensions. Due to the adjustable opening width, these differences can be compensated and the contact piece can be securely fixed to the respective support leg.

The individual clamp itself is not in a form-fitting but in a force-fitting manner on the support leg of the safety frame. However, the support legs of a safety frame typically do not run parallel to one another, but spread apart. The length adjustment of the traverse is therefore adapted to a distance between two support legs at a certain height. Therefore, even when using clamps, the result is a very secure, form-fitting fixing of the traverse to the safety frame, since the two clamps on the support legs cannot move either up or down.

The adjustable opening width can be adjusted with a spindle or screw, as in the case of a vise. However, the clamp can also be adjustable in the manner of an eccentric clamping lever. Both can also be provided in combination, so that a basic adjustment of the opening width can be set, for example, by means of the spindle or screw and the subsequent, fixed system of the contact piece on the support leg takes place by means of the eccentric clamping lever.

In order to reliably hold the ladder rung in the receptacle of the traverse and to prevent it from slipping out, the receptacle can advantageously have a securing element which is arranged at a distance from the base of the U-shaped cross section of the receptacle, so that between the securing element and the base sufficient free space remains in which the ladder rung can be located. The safety element can either reduce the clear distance between the two opposite legs of the U-shaped cross section to such an extent that this clear distance is less than the diameter of the ladder rung, or it can bridge the two opposite legs and connect them to one another, so that at least the Ladder rung is arranged secured in the recording. However, the securing element can be removed from this securing position or at least moved out and assume a so-called release position, so that the ladder rung can be guided out of the receptacle.

As already explained above with some examples, safety bolts can advantageously be used as safety elements in the case of ladder safety be used. In comparison to designing the safety bolt as a screw bolt, the handling of a second component in the form of a nut and possibly the handling of an additional tool can advantageously be avoided by a corresponding design of the safety bolt.

The simplest possible handling of the safety bolts can be achieved, for example, by designing them as so-called tilting bolts, i.e. having an articulated bracket which is aligned transversely to the safety bolt and prevents the safety bolt from being pulled out of its safety position. However, if this tab is pivoted in the longitudinal direction of the safety bolt, it can be pulled out of one or more bores through which it extends and brought into a release position. Alternatively, a safety bolt can be provided with a spring snapper, which automatically assumes a safety position and can be moved against the spring action in order to be able to guide the safety bolt into its release position.

If the securing element of the receptacle is designed as a securing bolt, this can advantageously be inserted into two aligned bores which are arranged in the two opposite legs of the U-shaped cross section of the receptacle.

A safety bolt can advantageously be connected to another component of the ladder safety device by means of a lifeline. The safety line can be designed as a cord, a small chain or the like and allows the safety bolt to move relatively freely, while on the other hand it secures the safety bolt against loss, since it is and remains captively connected to the corresponding component of the ladder safety device.

The receptacle has a U-shaped cross section in order to be able to arrange the ladder rung therein. The receptacle can advantageously be aligned in such a way that the U-shaped cross section is open at the top. In this way, problem-free and safe handling is supported: the ladder rung can first be hooked into the mount from above. Even if the ladder starts to slip immediately afterwards, where it may be standing on a slippery floor, the ladder rung is held securely in the holder, even if an additional safety element provided has not yet been attached to the holder, which would secure the ladder rung in secures the recording.

With the help of the ladder safety device, an entry arrangement can be created which is used to access a shaft and offers the personnel entering the shaft a particularly high degree of safety, since the ladder used is held securely. Even if it begins to slip on slippery ground, it is immediately held by the rung, which in turn is secured in the holder of the ladder safety device, so that the ladder as a whole cannot slip significantly.

In addition to the ladder safety device, an entry arrangement can advantageously have a fall safety device in order to create a safe area outside the safety frame from which a person can be prevented from falling into the interior of the safety frame and thus possibly into the shaft. The fall protection device can basically be configured like the traverse of the ladder safety device, so that it can connect two adjacent support legs of the safety frame to one another as a cross bar and can be fixed to these two support legs. However, the fall protection can be designed in a simpler way than the traverse of the ladder safety device in that the fall protection does not require a jib. so that the boom itself and the connection means provided for this purpose on the traverse do not have to be present for fall protection. Since the fall arrest device is preferably mounted at a greater height on the safety frame than the ladder safety device, the center piece of the fall arrest device is typically shorter than the center piece of the traverse of the ladder safety device.

The fall protection is not arranged between the same two support legs as the ladder protection, so that access to the shaft is not hindered by the fall protection. However, in order to make the approach to the ladder and thus to an entry area of the entry arrangement as safe as possible, the fall protection is advantageously arranged directly adjacent to the ladder safety device, i.e. it is connected on the one hand to a support leg on which the ladder safety device is also fixed. However, the opposite end of the fall arrest device connects to an adjacent support leg.

By means of the fall protection, a safe area is created in the vicinity of the entry area, so that, for example, a safety person who does not climb into the shaft is protected from falling into the shaft in this safe area. Also, the person who is to enter the shaft can initially advantageously not be in the entry area, but rather next to it in the safe area, for example in order to put on the protective clothing that is prescribed for staying in the shaft.

Within the scope of the present description, a safety frame is also referred to as a tripod, which is used to carry the safety rope for the personnel entering the shaft or at least to deflect it by means of a deflection device such as a deflection roller. The designation of the safety frame as a tripod is due to the fact that it is common in practice three-legged safety racks are used. In view of the fact that the safety frames usually have to be carried a little way and the length of their support legs has to be adjusted, tripods have become established as safety frames in practice, as they have the lowest possible weight and, thanks to the smallest possible number of support legs, a quick set-up of the support frame and at the same time offer a high degree of stability. According to the invention it is provided that the traverse of the ladder safety device can be placed with the two contact pieces on two support legs of a tripod. If, in contrast to a "real" three-legged tripod, a support frame with a different number of support legs is used, but with at least two support legs, the ladder safety device according to the invention can also be used, since the two contact pieces can be placed on two support legs of this safety frame. The designation of the safety frame as "tripod" and its repeated mention in the context of the present proposal accordingly does not limit the application of the ladder safety device according to the invention to use in support frames with only three support legs.

Fig. 1

die Verwendung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Leitersicherung in perspektivischer Ansicht von oben,

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf die teilweise auseinandergezogen dargestellte Leitersicherung,

Fig. 3

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A - A von Fig. 2,

Fig. 4

eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einstiegsanordnung unter Verwendung der Leitersicherung von Fig. 1 bis 3,

Fig. 5

einen Vertikalschnitt durch einen Schacht und die Einstiegsanordnung von Fig. 4,

Fig. 6

die Verwendung eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels einer Leitersicherung in einer Ansicht ähnlich Fig. 1, und

Fig. 7

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Einstiegsanordnung in einer Ansicht ähnlich Fig. 4.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the purely schematic representations. while showing

1

the use of a first embodiment of a ladder fuse in a perspective view from above,

2

a plan view of the ladder fuse shown partially exploded,

3

a section along the line A - A of 2 ,

4

a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of an entry arrangement using the ladder fuse of Figures 1 to 3 ,

figure 5

a vertical section through a shaft and the entry arrangement of 4 ,

6

the use of a second embodiment of a ladder fuse in a similar view 1 , and

7

a second embodiment of an entry arrangement in a similar view 4 .

1 shows a ladder safety device 1, which essentially consists of four components: a traverse 2 has a contact piece 3 at each of its two ends. The contact pieces 3 close over in 1 non-illustrated threaded spindles to a center piece 4 of the traverse 2, so that the effective length of the traverse 2 is adjustable. As a fourth component, the ladder safety device 1 has a boom 5 that runs transversely to the central piece 4 and carries a receptacle 6 at one end, which is designed as a U-profile rail with a cross section that is open at the top.

The middle piece 4 in turn has half its length, ie in its middle, a comparatively short piece of pipe 7 which runs transversely to the longitudinal axis of the middle piece 4 and serves as a guide for the extension 5 inserted into the piece of pipe 7 . The boom 5 is provided with a plurality of vertically extending bores 8, and such a bore 8 is also provided in the piece of pipe 7. A safety bolt 9 extends through the bore 8 of the pipe section 7 and a bore 8 of the boom 5 aligned therewith. The position of the boom 5 on the center piece 4 and accordingly the distance between the receptacle 6 and the center piece 4 can be adjusted by means of this perforated rail-like adjustment option.

While the holes 8 are used to adjust the boom 5, holes that are aligned with each other in the two opposite legs of the receptacle 6 are referred to as safety holes 10, since they are used to hold a safety bolt after the rung of a ladder from above in the Recording 6 has been mounted.

Out of 2 it can be seen that the contact pieces 3 each end with a contact angle 11 . In this way you can partially grip a support leg of a safety frame in a form-fitting manner. In particular when the support leg has a rectangular cross-section, the bearing bracket 11, which is designed as a V-shaped profile element with a 90° angle, can bear against two side surfaces of the support leg.

3 shows that the contact brackets 11 of the contact pieces 3 are each provided with a securing hole 10 . This is used to securely fix the contact piece 3, namely its contact angle 11, to a support leg of a safety frame by means of a safety bolt, namely with the help of bores that such a support leg has to enable a telescopic length adjustability of the support leg.

In the illustrated embodiment of the Figures 1 to 3 the contact brackets 11 are rigidly connected to a piece of pipe, which also forms part of the respective contact piece 3 and is aligned in the drawings as an extension of the central piece 4. Between the shown contact pieces 3 and the center piece 4, the spindle mentioned has a ball joint towards the respective contact piece 3, so that the inclination of the contact piece 3 can be adapted to the course of the respective support leg of the safety frame in such a way that the contact angle 11 covers as much of the area as possible against the supporting leg. However, a joint, for example the ball joint mentioned, can also be provided within the contact piece 3, for example between two sections of the pipe piece or between the pipe piece and the contact angle 11.

4 shows a circular manhole 12 of a shaft from above. A safety frame 14 in the form of a tripod is set up above the manhole 12 , the three support legs 15 of which are set up distributed around the manhole 12 . Between two support legs 15 is based on the Figures 1 to 3 described Ladder fuse 1 attached, for reasons of clarity in 4 is shown in a highly simplified manner. For this are the - in 4 not visible - plant pieces 3 of the traverse 2 to the two support legs 15. The jib 5 extends over the manhole 12 so that the mount 6 is located above the manhole 12, namely close to the edge, so that a ladder 17 secured by means of the mount 6, which is placed in the shaft, is in the area of the manhole 12 leaves as large a cross-sectional portion of the manhole 12 free.

figure 5 shows the entry arrangement of 4 in the manner of a vertical section, which also extends downwards through a shaft 16. The ladder fuse 1 including its receptacle 6 is arranged at a distance above the ground and the manhole 12 . The securing holes 10 can be seen in the contact brackets 11. The spindles, which are arranged between the center piece 4 and the two contact pieces 3 for adjusting the length of the traverse 2 and each have a ball joint, are in figure 5 indicated by a dash. Should a ladder 17 placed in the shaft 16 slip away, possibly while personnel are on the ladder 17, the angle of inclination of the ladder 17 will change and the top rung, which is accommodated in the receptacle 6 of the ladder safety device 1, will lower . The center piece 4 of the traverse 2 will form an axis of rotation about which the boom 5 pivots in the direction that the receptacle 6 is moved downwards. The mentioned ball bearings in the traverse 2 allow the pivoting movement without plastic deformation or damage to elements of the ladder safety device 1 occurring. The contact of the receptacle 6 or the cantilever 5 with the edge of the manhole 12 limits this pivoting movement and thus also the extent to which the ladder 17 can slide away.

The actual height at which the receptacle 6 is located is influenced on the one hand by the positioning of the safety frame 14 and on the other hand by the design of the ladder 17, for example the distance between the individual rungs and the possibility of how inclined the ladder 17 is within the shaft 16 can be asked.

If the respective conditions permit, the ladder safety device 1 can be arranged so flat on or just above the ground that the boom 5 lies flat or with a very slight inclination on the edge of the access opening 12 from the start and the ladder 17 accordingly is secured without play.

In 6 a second exemplary embodiment of a conductor fuse 1 is shown, in which comparable components are identified by the same reference symbols as in the first exemplary embodiment of FIG Figures 1 to 5 . The second embodiment of the 6 differs from this in the design of the traverse 2, in particular in the connection of the contact pieces 3 to the center piece 4. Instead of a piece of pipe, the contact pieces 3 each have two parallel, upright flat bars, which are fastened as joint brackets 18 to a contact bracket 11 , extend in the direction of the center piece 4 and each have a securing hole 10 . The two securing holes 10 of the two articulated brackets 18 located on the same contact bracket 11 are arranged in alignment with one another.

A threaded spindle 19 protrudes from each of the two ends of the center piece 4 6 is shown almost completely screwed into the center piece 4 and carries a joint head 20 at its end. The rod ends 20 are each designed as a sleeve with a central through hole 21, and the spindles 19 are in such a rotational position that the through hole 21 is aligned between the two safety bolts 11 of the two joint straps 18 of a contact piece 3 can be arranged. A safety bolt can then be guided through these three aligned bores, so that the contact piece 3 is connected to the center piece 4 of the crossbeam, specifically in an articulated manner, in that the safety bolt forms the pivot axis.

7 shows a plan view of an entry arrangement in a similar representation 4 , but greatly simplified, since the basic design of the entry arrangement based on 4 has already been explained. For example, only the center piece 4 of the traverse is shown as a representative of the entire ladder safety device 1, wherein the ladder safety device 1 can correspond to the first or the second exemplary embodiment explained above or can also be configured differently, but is in any case configured according to the invention.

The difference to the based on 4 The boarding arrangement explained is that another traverse is mounted on the safety frame 14, which is referred to as fall protection 22 to distinguish it from the traverse of the ladder safety device 1, but can basically be designed in the same way as the traverse 2. The center piece of the fall safety device 22 is shorter than the center piece of the traverse 2, and it also does not need to have a transverse piece of pipe 7, because the anti-fall device 22 does not require a boom 5.

The anti-fall device 22 is also connected to two support legs 15 of the safety frame 14, whereby the contact pieces 3 provided for this purpose are not shown for reasons of clarity, just as they are both in 7 as well as in 4 are also not shown for the traverse 2 of the ladder fuse 1. The contact pieces 3 of the fall protection device 7 can be designed like the contact pieces 3 of the ladder safety device 1 used on the same entry arrangement or also deviate from it. It is essential that the fall protection device 22 is attached on the one hand to a support leg 15 to which the ladder safety device 1 is also attached, and that the other end of the fall protection device 22 is connected to another support leg 15 to which the ladder safety device 1 is not attached.

The anti-fall device 22 is shorter than the traverse 2 and therefore mounted at a greater height on the safety frame 14, corresponding to the smaller distance there between two adjacent support legs 15 to one another. The fall protection device 22 serves to prevent a person from falling between two support legs 15 and possibly into the manhole 12 of the shaft 16 . Such a fall protection device 22 is not provided above the ladder safety device 1 so as not to impede entry into the shaft opening 16 .

The area of the safety frame 14, which is provided with the ladder safety device 1, represents the entry area of the safety frame 14. In addition to this entry area, a safe area is created outside of the safety frame 14 with the help of the fall protection 22, so that in this safe area, for example, the stay safety clothing prescribed in shaft 16 can be put on or taken off. In the illustrated embodiment of the entry arrangement, the safety frame 14 is shown as a tripod with three support legs 15, so that there are three fields on the circumference of the safety frame 14, each of which is delimited by two adjacent support legs 15 and each of which tapers triangularly upwards. A first field forms the entry area mentioned, and a second field is secured by the fall protection device 22 . Deviating from the exemplary embodiment shown, a fall protection device 22 can also be mounted on the third field. However, there is no provision for people to stay outside in front of the third field, for example no changing area, so that no fall protection is provided there for this reason.

References:

1

ladder fuse

2

traverse

3

attachment

4

centerpiece

5

boom

6

Recording

7

piece of pipe

8th

drilling

9

safety bolt

10

locking hole

11

contact angle

12

manhole

14

safety rack

15

supporting leg

16

shaft

17

Director

18

joint strap

19

spindle

20

rod end

21

through hole

22

fall protection

Claims (17)

1. Use of a ladder fixing device to securely hold a ladder (17) that is used to enter a shaft (16),

   • where a cross-member (2) on the ladder fixing device (1) incorporates a middle piece (4) and an attachment piece (3) on each of the two ends of the middle piece (4),

   • and where the ladder fixing device (1) incorporates a projecting member (5) that is fastened to the cross-member (2) midway along the length of the cross member (2) and extends at right angles across the cross-member (2), where the projecting member (5) extends in the direction of the central axis of the shaft,

   • and where the ladder fixing device (1) incorporates a retaining fixture (6) that is arranged on a free end of the projecting member (5) at a distance from the cross-member (2),

   • where the retaining fixture (6) has a U-shaped cross-section and is designed to hold a ladder rung that has been inserted into the U-shaped retaining fixture (6) in such a way as to brace the ladder rung against downwards-acting forces,

   to securely hold a ladder (17) that is inserted into the shaft (16), characterised in that each of the attachment pieces (3) on the two ends of the middle piece (4) is attached to a support leg (15) of a safety frame (14) that is set up over the entry opening.
2. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the projecting member (5) is fastened displaceably to the cross-member (2), in such a way that the distance between the retaining fixture (6) and the cross-member (2) can be adjusted.
3. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the retaining fixture (6) is formed by a U-shaped profiled rail.
4. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one of the attachment pieces (3) is longitudinally displaceably fastened to the middle piece (4), in such a way that the effective length of the cross-member (2) can be adjusted.
5. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with claim 4, characterised in that an attachment piece (3) is connected to the middle piece (4) by means of a threaded spindle.
6. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with claim 4, characterised in that an attachment piece (3) is connected to the middle piece (4) by means of a perforated rail.
7. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each of the two attachment pieces (3) is pivotably attached to the middle piece (4) by a horizontal axle in such a way that the two attachment pieces (3) can be moved angularly so as to be able to adapt themselves to different inclination angles of the support legs (15) of the safety frame (14).
8. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with claim 7, characterised in that each of the two attachment pieces (3) is attached to the middle piece (4) by means of a ball-and-socket joint.
9. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cross-member (2) incorporates a length of pipe (7) that extends at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the cross-member (2) and into which the projecting member (5) is inserted and in that by means of drilled holes (8) arranged in the length of pipe (7) and the projecting member (5) and of a retaining pin (9) the projecting member (5) can be displaced relative to the cross-member (2) in the manner of a perforated rail.
10. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the attachment pieces (3) are designed to be detachably fastened to the support legs (15) of the safety frame (14).
11. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with claim 10, characterised in that each of the attachment pieces (3) incorporates a drilled retaining hole (10) and in that a retaining pin (9) is assigned to each attachment piece (3) in such a way that an attachment piece (3) can be fastened to a support leg (15) by means of the retaining pin (9) that can be run through a hole in the support leg (15), which is designed as a perforated rail.
12. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with claim 10, characterised in that each of the attachment pieces (3) incorporates a clamp with an adjustable opening width.
13. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the retaining fixture (6) incorporates a retaining element that is arranged at a distance from the bottom of the U-shaped cross-section and is designed to retain undetachably between the retaining element and the bottom of the retaining fixture (6) a ladder rung that has been inserted into the retaining fixture (6), where the retaining element can be moved out of this retaining position into a release position that enables the ladder rung to be guided out of the retaining fixture (6).
14. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with claim 12, characterised in that the retaining element is designed as a retaining pin (9) that can be inserted into two drilled retaining holes (10) that are arranged in alignment in the two opposing uprights of the U-shaped cross-section of the retaining fixture (6).
15. Use of a ladder fixing device in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a retaining pin (9) is movably but undetachably connected to another component part of the ladder fixing device (1) by means of a safety line.
16. Entry arrangement that is designed so that a shaft (16) that has an upper shaft mouth that is referred to as an entry opening (12) can be climbed through, where the entry arrangement in its use condition is installed in such a way that a safety frame (14) is set up over the entry opening (12) and the support legs (15) are braced against the ground around the entry opening (12), and where the safety frame (14) carries a wound-up safety line and a ladder (17) that leads downwards from the entry opening (12) is inserted into the shaft (16), where the entry arrangement incorporates a ladder fixing device (1), where a cross-member (2) of the ladder fixing device (1) incorporates a middle piece (4) and on each of the two ends of the middle piece (4) an attachment piece (3), and where the ladder fixing device (1) incorporates a projecting member (5) that is fastened to the cross-member (2) midway along the length of the cross-member (2) and extends at right angles to the cross-member (2), and where the ladder fixing device (1) incorporates a retaining fixture (6) that is arranged on a free end of the projecting member (5) at a distance from the cross-member (2), where the retaining fixture (6) has a U-shaped cross-section and braces against downward-acting forces and holds securely a rung of the ladder (17) that has been inserted into the U-shaped retaining fixture (6), where each of the attachment pieces (3) on the two ends of the middle piece (4) is attached to a support leg (15) of the safety frame (14), and the projecting member (5) extends in the direction of the central axis of the shaft and projects from the cross-member (2) and over the entry opening (12) in such a way that the retaining fixture (6) is positioned above the entry opening (12).
17. Entry arrangement in accordance with claim 16, characterised in that two support legs (15) of the safety frame (14) are joined together by a cross-member that is referred to as a fall prevention device (22), which extends higher up than the cross-member (2) of the ladder fixing device (1), where the fall prevention device (22) is connected at one end to a support leg (15), to which also the cross-member (2) of the ladder fixing device (1) is connected, and by the other end to an adjacent support leg (15) that is set at a distance from the ladder fixing device (1).

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