EP3814298A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines grünkörpers und eines keramischen bauteils, grünkörper und keramisches bauteil - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines grünkörpers und eines keramischen bauteils, grünkörper und keramisches bauteilInfo
- Publication number
- EP3814298A1 EP3814298A1 EP19735527.4A EP19735527A EP3814298A1 EP 3814298 A1 EP3814298 A1 EP 3814298A1 EP 19735527 A EP19735527 A EP 19735527A EP 3814298 A1 EP3814298 A1 EP 3814298A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fleece
- volume
- produced
- layer
- fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B18/00—Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
- C04B35/573—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide obtained by reaction sintering or recrystallisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62625—Wet mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
- F16D65/125—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body
- F16D65/126—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body the material being of low mechanical strength, e.g. carbon, beryllium; Torque transmitting members therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
- F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
- F16D65/127—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by properties of the disc surface; Discs lined with friction material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5212—Organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/522—Oxidic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/522—Oxidic
- C04B2235/5224—Alumina or aluminates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
- C04B2235/5244—Silicon carbide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
- C04B2235/5248—Carbon, e.g. graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5252—Fibers having a specific pre-form
- C04B2235/5256—Two-dimensional, e.g. woven structures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/526—Fibers characterised by the length of the fibers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5268—Orientation of the fibers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/616—Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/75—Products with a concentration gradient
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/38—Fiber or whisker reinforced
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D2069/001—Material of friction lining and support element of same or similar composition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D2069/009—Linings attached to both sides of a central support element, e.g. a carrier plate
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a green body, in particular as a preform for a ceramic component.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a ceramic component.
- the invention further relates to a green body component and a ceramic component.
- US 2004/0005462 A1 discloses a sliding material which consists of a carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material which contains particles.
- DE 38 40 781 A1 discloses a process for producing fiber composite ceramics, in which fibers are impregnated with a molten polysilazane in a first step and polysilazane in the fibers in a second step with NH 3 , urotropin, an amine or a chlorosilane in the infusible state is transferred and in a third step the impregnated fibers are heated to 800 ° C to 2000 ° C in a nitrogen, inert gas or ammonia atmosphere.
- DE 693 21 151 T2 discloses a method for producing parts from composite material with a ceramic matrix.
- a friction unit is known from DE 44 38 456 A1.
- a friction body made of silicon-infiltrated, carbon fiber-reinforced porous carbon is known from DE 100 60 566 A1.
- a brake drum assembly is known from DE 197 21 773 A1.
- a method for producing a fiber composite material is known from DE 198 05 868 A1.
- a friction ring for a friction brake is known from DE 198 34 704 A1.
- a disc brake is known from DE 199 01 250 A1.
- a brake disk with an intermediate layer is known from DE 10 2005 052 802 A1.
- a disk brake with two ceramic brake disks is known from DE 10 2007 040 128 A1.
- a friction-tolerant disk made of fiber-reinforced ceramic is known from US 9,005,732 B2.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned at the outset with which green bodies with advantageous properties can be produced. This object is achieved according to the invention in the method mentioned at the outset by using at least one layer of a
- the green body is a fiber-reinforced body and in particular a
- CFRP body It can itself be used as a component, or it can serve, for example, as the basis for producing a ceramic body, the ceramic body being in particular a CMC body.
- the X / Y fleece has at most a small proportion of fibers oriented in the Z direction. Basically, fibers that are oriented in the Z direction can induce restoring forces when pressing nonwovens. This means that when such nonwovens are used, only low fiber volume contents, for example of the order of 20% or less, are possible.
- X / Y fleece used. Due to the correspondingly low fiber content in the Z direction, X / Y nonwovens can be compressed more. This enables higher fiber volume contents in the green body and also, for example, on a ceramic body made therefrom.
- a green body is generally prone to delamination during pyrolysis. Due to the reduced restoring forces due to the use of at least one layer of X / Y fleece according to the invention, the tendency to delamination is reduced.
- the solution according to the invention in which at least one layer of an X / Y nonwoven with at most a small proportion of fibers oriented in the Z direction is used, eliminates the problems which are otherwise associated with nonwovens, in particular in the production of ceramics , reduce or even eliminate.
- fiber volume contents in particular, for example, greater than 30% in the green body and, for example, greater than 20% in a ceramic body can be achieved.
- the material or component manufactured in this way has a very low risk of delamination due to the small proportion of fibers oriented in the Z direction.
- X / Y fleece to specifically influence a carbide formation in a ceramization process, which starts from the green body produced.
- materials with a high carbide conversion during ceramization can be produced, or materials with a low carbide conversion during ceramization.
- a graded ceramic structure of a corresponding ceramic component which is produced from the corresponding green body, can reduce the formation of cracks in friction layers. This keeps or prevents the ingress of liquids. This in turn counteracts damage or chipping of a friction layer from its supporting body.
- the grading also enables the thermal expansion to be adjusted, in particular that of a ceramic material. This prevents typical crack formation during a manufacturing process.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented integrally.
- a friction layer (which is produced in an area with the at least one layer of X / Y fleece) can be integrated with a carrier connect. This means that only a relatively small number of individual steps is necessary.
- no separate green body manufacture of a support body and a friction layer with a subsequent joining of the components is necessary.
- the integral production enables a near-net-shape production of a green body, which comprises both a support body realized in the final component and at least one friction layer.
- the manufacturing process can be carried out in a material-saving manner, since scrap residues can be reused to produce the X / Y fleece.
- scrap residues can be reused to produce the X / Y fleece.
- the use of recycled fiber material is also possible.
- additional fillers such as graphite powder, are used to produce the green body.
- the at least one layer of X / Y fleece is positioned on a carrier and the green body is produced from a combination of the at least one layer of X / Y fleece and the carrier.
- the carrier and a layer produced on the carrier can be connected to one another integrally and in particular in one piece. There are no connection problems for the subsequent production of a layer on a carrier. In particular, a friction layer on a support body can be realized in this way.
- the connection of at least two layers of X / Y fleece with a carrier also makes it possible to achieve a graded connection of the nonwovens. The grading can be set up so that the differences in thermal expansion between a provided friction layer surface and a manufactured support body.
- the X / Y fleece has a fiber content in the Z direction of at most 7% by volume and in particular at most 3% by volume and in particular at most 1% by volume.
- fibers in the X / Y fleece have a fiber length in an X / Y plane of at least 1 mm and in particular of at least 5 mm. In particular, at least 90% of the fibers have such a length.
- fibers in the X / Y fleece have a fiber length in an X / Y plane of at most 100 mm and in particular of at most 40 mm. In particular, at least 90% of the fibers have this length. It is particularly advantageous if fibers (in particular at least 90% of the fibers) in the X / Y fleece have a fiber length in an X / Y plane in the range between 5 mm and 40 mm.
- the fibers of the X / Y fleece can for example be made of at least one of the following materials: aluminum oxide, carbon, silicon carbide, aramid, glass. It is fundamentally possible for the X / Y fleece to be made from one material or from a material mixture depending on the application.
- the at least one layer of X / Y fleece is produced by a wet fleece process.
- a wet fleece process selectively manufacture an X / Y fleece that has a low Z fiber content.
- a composition of the ceramized material produced, in particular with regard to carbide content and / or carbon content, can be set via certain parameters in the wet nonwoven process.
- X / Y fleece is set via one or more parameters for carrying out the wet fleece process.
- the parameter or parameters include, for example, a degree of fiber resolution in the production of wet nonwovens, the dispersibility of fibers, a flow rate of a fiber / water mixture, a belt speed, a mass per unit area of a nonwoven, the stiffness of fibers for the production of nonwovens or a fiber length of Fibers in the manufacture of nonwovens.
- a degree of fiber resolution in the production of wet nonwovens the dispersibility of fibers
- a flow rate of a fiber / water mixture a belt speed
- a mass per unit area of a nonwoven the stiffness of fibers for the production of nonwovens or a fiber length of Fibers in the manufacture of nonwovens.
- the proportion of carbon and carbide in a carbide-ceramic material produced on the basis of the corresponding green body can be controlled via the degree of fiber dissolution.
- a strong dissolution of a fiber bundle structure to individual filaments leads to a high carbide content in the ceramic material.
- a low resolution of the fiber bundle structure leads to a high proportion of carbon in the material, this carbon proportion being composed of carbon in carbon fibers and of carbon in an amorphous carbon matrix.
- this carbon proportion being composed of carbon in carbon fibers and of carbon in an amorphous carbon matrix.
- longer fibers in particular in the range between 15 mm and 40 mm, are used in the wet fleece process.
- a fiber volume content in the green body for the at least one layer of X / Y fleece is at least 20 volume% and in particular at least 30 volume% and in particular at least
- the carrier is fiber-reinforced.
- the green body is produced by means of a carbon precursor and, for example, a phenolic resin or epoxy resin.
- the green body is produced in a hot pressing process, autoclave process or infiltration process.
- the green body can then also be given a defined shape.
- a component which is produced by the method according to the invention.
- This component is a green body, for example in the form of a CFRP body.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a ceramic component with which ceramic components with advantageous properties, in particular with regard to fiber reinforcement and carbide conversion, can be manufactured.
- This object is achieved according to the invention in that pyrolysis is carried out on a green body produced using the method according to the invention, and ceramization is carried out on a resultant open-porous body (in particular carbon body).
- a ceramic material can be manufactured in this way, which is fiber-reinforced by means of a nonwoven and has a high fiber volume content of, for example, 20% to 35%. The risk of delamination for a correspondingly manufactured component is low.
- the carbide formation during the ceramization can be influenced by different X / Y fleece variants.
- Graded materials can be produced which are graded, for example, with regard to carbide formation.
- a graded ceramic structure can counteract the formation of cracks in friction layers. This keeps or prevents the penetration of liquid. This in turn counteracts damage or chipping of a friction layer from a support body.
- the grading enables the thermal expansion of a corresponding ceramic material to be adjusted in order to counteract or prevent crack formation.
- the ceramization is advantageously carried out by infiltrating the open-porous carbon body with liquid carbide former, the carbide former being in particular silicon.
- the liquid silicon reacts with carbon in the open-pored carbon body and forms carbide.
- the open porosity of the carbon body enables infiltration with carbide formers.
- a fiber volume content in the ceramic component in an area which was produced by means of the at least one layer of X / Y fleece is at least 20% by volume, in particular when using carbon fibers.
- the at least one layer is applied
- X / Y nonwoven fabricated at least one friction layer on a support body For example, a brake disc can be manufactured.
- the friction layer which was produced by means of the at least one layer of X / Y fleece, can be provided with corresponding advantageous properties, such as, for example, high hardness over a high carbide content.
- the friction layer can be produced with little crack formation, so that the risk of delamination or chipping is reduced.
- the at least one friction layer has a carbide content of at least 60% by volume and in particular at least 70% by volume. It is favorable for the support body if it has a carbide content in the range between 15% by volume and 65% by volume. In this way, an effective arrangement of a friction layer on the support body can be achieved.
- a component is provided which is produced in accordance with the method according to the invention.
- a carbide content in the at least one friction layer is advantageously at least 60 volume% and in particular at least 70 volume%, and in particular a carbide content in the support body lies in the range between 15 volume% and 65 volume%.
- the corresponding (ceramic) component has a graded structure.
- a graded structure with respect to a friction layer can be produced. This makes it possible to produce a friction layer with little crack formation. This in turn reduces the risk of delamination or chipping.
- Figure 1 is a plan view of an embodiment of a component in
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the component according to FIG. 1 along the line 2-2;
- Figure 3 is an enlarged view of area A of Figure 2;
- FIG. 4 shows a microstructure image on a component which was produced in accordance with the method according to the invention, a fiber bundle structure essentially being retained in the production of wet nonwovens;
- FIG. 5 shows a microstructure photograph of a further exemplary embodiment of a component which was produced using the method according to the invention, fiber bundles being broken up in the production of wet nonwovens;
- FIG. 6 shows a microstructure image of an exemplary embodiment of a
- An exemplary embodiment of a component is a ceramic brake disc 10 (FIGS. 1 to 3).
- the brake disc 10 is, for example, ring-shaped and, in particular, circular in form with a central through opening 12.
- the brake disc 10 comprises a support body 14 (FIGS. 2, 3) which is made of a carbide-ceramic material and is in particular fiber-reinforced.
- a first friction layer 16 and a second friction layer 18 are arranged on the support body 14 on opposite sides.
- the first friction layer 16 and the second friction layer 18 are carbide-ceramic friction layers with a high carbide content. They are made in one piece on or with the support body 14.
- a carbide content in the first friction layer 16 or the second friction layer 18 on one friction side is at least 60% by volume and in particular at least 70% by volume.
- the carbide content in the first friction layer 16 and the second friction layer 18 is approximately 70% by volume.
- the carbide content in the support body 14 is lower. It is in particular in the range between 15% by volume and 65% by volume. In a specific embodiment, the carbide content in the support body 14 is in the range between approximately 10% by volume and 25% by volume.
- the support body 14 and the friction layers 16, 18 are made of
- the corresponding carbide material is a silicon carbide material, which contains a free carbon phase and contains carbon fibers.
- the brake disc 10 is manufactured as follows:
- the starting point for the support body 14 is a carrier.
- the carrier is especially fiber-reinforced.
- One or more layers of an X / Y fleece are deposited on the carrier 14.
- the X / Y fleece has a two-dimensional dimension; Fibers in
- X / Y fleece are essentially aligned in the X / Y plane.
- Fibers with an orientation in the Z direction (which is perpendicular to the X direction and Y direction) are present at most to a small extent.
- a volume fraction of fibers which are oriented in the Z direction is at most 7% and in particular at most 1%.
- the fibers preferably have a length in the X / Y plane of the X / Y fleece of at least 1 mm and in particular of at least 5 mm. This length refers to at least 90% of the existing fibers.
- the fiber length in the X / Y plane is at most 100 mm and in particular at most 40 mm, this being related in particular to at least 90% of the fibers of the X / Y fleece.
- the fiber length (with at least 90% of the fibers present) in the X / Y plane is preferably between 5 mm and 40 mm inclusive.
- the fibers can be, for example, aluminum oxide fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers or silicon carbide fibers.
- the X / Y fleece is manufactured using a wet fleece process.
- the starting material for this is short fibers (in particular with a cutting length of less than 25 mm).
- the fiber material is dispersed in water, with auxiliaries such as carboxymethyl cellulose being used under certain circumstances.
- auxiliaries such as carboxymethyl cellulose being used under certain circumstances.
- a pulper is used for the dispersion.
- the dispersion is fed into a storage container and the actual fiber-water consistency is set there with process water.
- the actual formation of the fleece takes place in a further step.
- the mixture is fed from the storage container into a circular distributor. This leads then the suspension of a wet fleece plant.
- a hose system in a distribution system ensures a homogeneous mixture offering across an entire nominal system width.
- a headbox there is a sieve and in particular an inclined sieve for holding fibers and drainage boxes are provided for separating process water. The fibers are sucked into the inclined screen by applying a vacuum. This results in an even formation of fleece.
- a higher suction has an effect on under-occupied parts of the inclined screen. As a result, additional fiber material is deposited at these points.
- the nonwoven which is still moist, goes through a drying step, which can be carried out in the form of contact drying or flow drying. If thermoplastic fibers or binders are also incorporated into the nonwoven, a nonwoven bonding can be achieved by heat treatment. This is followed by winding up or direct further processing.
- An X / Y fleece with a minimized Z content of fibers can be produced using a wet fleece process.
- an adjustable parameter is the fiber resolution.
- the fiber resolution indicates how much the fibers are separated during dispersion. For example, long mixing at high speed leads to severely separated fibers in the dispersion. Accordingly, short mixing at low speed leads to lower fiber resolution.
- the fiber orientation can be adjusted in particular by the flow speed of the fiber-water mixture in a headbox and the speed of the inclined screen.
- a parameter that influences the formation of the corresponding fleece is the area-related mass, which is the fiber weight that is assigned to a certain area of a finished textile.
- the uniformity of the fiber distribution over the entire textile surface is also a relevant parameter.
- At least one layer of X / Y fleece with a low Z fiber content is provided.
- the combination of carrier and at least one layer of X / Y fleece deposited thereon (produced by a wet fleece process) is then infiltrated with a carbon precursor such as a phenolic resin (or epoxy resin) and a green body is produced in particular in a hot pressing process.
- a carbon precursor such as a phenolic resin (or epoxy resin)
- the corresponding pressure and temperature parameters depend in particular on the carbon precursor.
- the green body thus produced is then subjected to pyrolysis.
- the pyrolysis is carried out with the exclusion of oxygen at a relatively high temperature for a certain time, and in the pyrolysis with the exclusion of oxygen volatile constituents of the carbon precursor are removed.
- the pyrolysis takes place at temperatures of at least 900 ° C.
- the result of the pyrolysis is an open-pored carbon body, in which case the starting bodies for the support body 14 and the friction layers 16, 18 are connected to one another in one piece.
- a carbide former infiltration is then carried out on the open-pored carbon body.
- LSI process Liquid Silicium Infiltration
- liquid silicon is supplied to the open-pored carbon body.
- the silicon as a carbide former reacts with carbon to form carbide.
- a free carbide-forming phase in the case of silicon as the carbide-forming agent, a free silicon phase
- a free carbon phase can remain, depending on the process implementation.
- the method is carried out in such a way that a free carbide-forming phase is minimized.
- a green body is then produced, starting from the at least one layer of X / Y fleece, in which, in the area of the at least one layer of X / Y fleece, the fiber volume content with strong fiber dissolution in the wet fleece method is at least 30% and then in the finished component is at least 20%.
- the maximum fiber volume content in a specific exemplary embodiment is 34.4% in the green body and 24.6% in the finished component (in the ceramic) with high fiber resolution when using carbon fibers.
- the fiber volume content in the green body is preferably at least 40% and in the ceramic (in the component) is preferably at least 30%.
- the fiber volume content is in the region of the at least one layer when the fiber bundle structure is obtained
- the reinforcement structure in the finished component and also the ceramic conversion during the manufacture of the component can be influenced.
- components other than brake disks can also be produced.
- the brake disc 10 can be manufactured with a relatively small number of individual steps; there is no need to join a friction layer 16 or 18, since a one-piece production takes place during the production of the green body.
- the at least one layer of X / Y nonwoven which is produced using a wet nonwoven process, can be used to achieve a graded structure of the individual nonwoven layers.
- a graded structure in a ceramic body for example, can reduce the formation of cracks, particularly in the case of friction layers. This keeps or prevents the penetration of liquids. Damage or chipping of a friction layer from its supporting body is counteracted.
- the grading also allows the thermal expansion to be adjusted; this largely avoids typical crack formation during a manufacturing process.
- the carbide formation can be influenced by different X / Y fleece variants. This in turn makes it possible to achieve an adapted, targeted, graded structure by using different X / Y fleece variants.
- fibers in the Z direction in the X / Y fleece Due to the very low proportion of fibers in the Z direction in the X / Y fleece, a graded layer structure can be achieved without delamination. As a result, fibers can also be used for the X / Y fleece with longer fiber lengths (in particular in the range between 5 mm and 40 mm).
- the manufacturing process can be carried out in a material-saving manner, since scrap residues can be reused in the manufacture of the X / Y fleece.
- a component can also be produced which in particular comprises a very high volume fraction of carbide, which can be used for example in a ballistic protection application.
- FIG. 4 shows a microstructure image of a corresponding component in the area of a layer with X / Y fleece.
- the X / Y fleece used had a low fiber resolution in the production of wet fleece; this means that the fiber bundles in the X / Y fleece were essentially preserved.
- the dark areas in FIG. 4, which are indicated in FIG. 4 by the reference number 20, consist of carbon fibers and amorphous carbon. (For the component, the X / Y fleece is made from carbon fibers.)
- the gray areas consist of silicon carbide.
- the white areas consist of free silicon (that is to say the free silicon phase).
- FIG. 5 shows a microstructure image from another component, with the X / Y fleece made of carbon fibers used having a high fiber resolution during the production of the wet fleece. 5 shows the reduced carbon content compared to FIG. 4 and the increased content of silicon carbide 22.
- Figure 6 shows a microstructure image on an X / Y fleece in the
- the Y direction is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
- the corresponding image was subjected to image processing so that individual fibers can be better recognized against the background (in the drawing in white).
- the black areas in FIG. 6 are individual fibers which are oriented in the XY plane due to the use of an X / Y fleece in the production of the green body. It can be seen that there is practically no Z orientation of individual fibers.
- components (materials) with different carbon contents and / or carbide contents can be produced by setting the parameter fiber resolution and alternatively or in combination with the other parameters mentioned.
- corresponding components can also be used for radar-transparent structures, for thermal protection systems or also for applications in the field of energy storage systems, for example for housings for latent heat storage.
- a green body produced can also be used advantageously for certain applications, in particular in the form of a CFRP body.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018115792.4A DE102018115792A1 (de) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Grünkörpers und eines keramischen Bauteils, Grünkörper und keramisches Bauteil |
| PCT/EP2019/067331 WO2020002603A1 (de) | 2018-06-29 | 2019-06-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines grünkörpers und eines keramischen bauteils, grünkörper und keramisches bauteil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3814298A1 true EP3814298A1 (de) | 2021-05-05 |
Family
ID=67145785
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19735527.4A Pending EP3814298A1 (de) | 2018-06-29 | 2019-06-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines grünkörpers und eines keramischen bauteils, grünkörper und keramisches bauteil |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3814298A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102018115792A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020002603A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112324826B (zh) * | 2020-11-02 | 2024-12-10 | 摩擦一号制动科技(仙桃)有限公司 | 舒适型耐高温刹车片 |
| CN112324825B (zh) * | 2020-11-02 | 2024-12-10 | 摩擦一号制动科技(仙桃)有限公司 | 高摩擦性能环保型刹车片 |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3840781A1 (de) * | 1988-12-03 | 1990-06-07 | Hoechst Ag | Faserverbundkeramik und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| FR2686874B1 (fr) * | 1992-02-04 | 1994-09-23 | Europ Propulsion | Procede de fabrication de pieces en materiau composite a matrice ceramique. |
| DE4438455C1 (de) | 1994-10-28 | 1996-05-02 | Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Reibeinheit mittels Infiltration eines porösen Kohlenstoffkörpers mit flüssigem Silizium |
| DE4438456C2 (de) | 1994-10-28 | 2002-07-11 | Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt | Reibeinheit |
| DE19721773A1 (de) | 1997-05-24 | 1998-11-26 | Itt Mfg Enterprises Inc | Bremstrommel-Baugruppe sowie Herstellverfahren hierfür |
| DE19805868C2 (de) | 1998-02-13 | 2002-09-12 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbundwerkstoffs |
| DE19834704C2 (de) | 1998-07-31 | 2002-08-01 | Knorr Bremse Systeme | Reibring bzw. Reibelement für eine Reibbremse, insbesondere Scheibenbremse |
| DE19901215B4 (de) | 1999-01-14 | 2004-02-19 | Menzolit-Fibron Gmbh | Scheibenbremse, Preßwerkzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Bremsscheibe |
| DE10060566B4 (de) | 2000-12-01 | 2005-09-08 | Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag | Reibkörper aus siliziuminfiltriertem, kohlenstofffaserverstärktem porösen Kohlenstoff, Verfahren zum Herstellen eines solchen Reibkörpers und Verwendung eines solchen Reibkörpers |
| ATE253023T1 (de) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-11-15 | Freni Brembo Spa | Verfahren zur herstellung einer bremsscheibe mit belüftungskanälen, und nach genanntem verfahren erhaltene bremsscheibe |
| DE10157583C1 (de) * | 2001-11-23 | 2002-12-19 | Sgl Carbon Ag | Reibkörper aus faserverstärkten Keramik-Verbundwerkstoffen |
| JP3414391B1 (ja) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-06-09 | 三菱化学産資株式会社 | 摺動材 |
| DE102005052802A1 (de) | 2005-11-05 | 2007-05-10 | Audi Ag | Bremsscheibe mit Zwischenschicht |
| DE102006057939A1 (de) | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-12 | Audi Ag | Friktionsbelastbare Scheiben aus faservertärkter Keramik |
| DE102007040128B4 (de) | 2007-08-24 | 2014-11-06 | Freni Brembo S.P.A. | Scheibenbremse mit zwei Keramikbremsscheiben |
| DE102007053499A1 (de) | 2007-11-09 | 2009-05-14 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Reibscheiben aus faserverstärkten keramischen Werkstoffen |
| WO2010033538A2 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-03-25 | Hawk Corporation | Carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix composite for brake pad back plate |
-
2018
- 2018-06-29 DE DE102018115792.4A patent/DE102018115792A1/de active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-06-28 EP EP19735527.4A patent/EP3814298A1/de active Pending
- 2019-06-28 WO PCT/EP2019/067331 patent/WO2020002603A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102018115792A8 (de) | 2020-04-02 |
| WO2020002603A1 (de) | 2020-01-02 |
| DE102018115792A1 (de) | 2020-01-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2002056B1 (de) | Mit elementarem kohlenstoff angereichertes papier | |
| EP1084997B1 (de) | Mit Faserbündeln verstärkter Verbundwerkstoff mit keramischen Matrix | |
| EP1216213B1 (de) | Reib- oder gleitkörper aus mit faserbündeln verstärkten verbundwerkstoffen mit keramischer matrix | |
| EP0864548B1 (de) | Mit Graphitkurzfasern verstärkter Siliciumcarbidkörper | |
| DE69522478T2 (de) | Verfahren zum schnellen herstellen von faservorfomlingen und verbundstrukturen | |
| DE3876732T2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines kohlenstoff-kohlenstoff-verbundkoerpers von hoher festigkeit. | |
| DE19736560C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines porösen Körpers, Körper aus SiC, sowie Verwendung des porösen Körpers | |
| DE69219169T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Verdichtung eines porösen Substrats mittels einer kohlenstoffhaltigen Matrix | |
| DE19636223C2 (de) | Verfahren zum dauerhaften Verbinden von wenigstens zwei Bauteilkomponenten zu einem Formkörper | |
| EP1054765A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines faserverbundwerkstoffs | |
| EP1070027B2 (de) | Verstärkungsfasern und faserbündel, insbesondere für faserverbundwerkstoffe, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie faserverbundwerkstoff mit verstärkungsfasern | |
| DE102016007652A1 (de) | Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung | |
| WO2020002603A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines grünkörpers und eines keramischen bauteils, grünkörper und keramisches bauteil | |
| DE69126453T2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kohlenstoffaser-verstärkten keramischen Matrix-Verbundwerkstoffs | |
| EP1734024B1 (de) | Oxidkeramischer Faser-Verbundwerkstoff und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben | |
| EP1876158B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbidkeramik-Bauteilen | |
| DE102005027561B4 (de) | Einstellung des Faservolumengehaltes in oxidkeramischen Faser-Verbundwerkstoffen | |
| DE102016101684A1 (de) | Reibwerterhöhende einlage zum kraftschlüssigen verbinden von bauteilen, verfahren zur herstellung einer reibwerterhöhenden einlage und verfahren zur herstellung eines pressverbands | |
| EP3856700B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines carbon-keramischen formkörpers | |
| EP3198069B1 (de) | Verwendung eines carbonfaservliesstoffs als thermisches isoliermaterial | |
| DE102005003197B4 (de) | Verfahren zum Herstellen von Formkörpern aus reaktionsgebundenem, mit Silicium infiltriertem Siliciumcarbid und so hergestellter Formkörper | |
| EP3032126B1 (de) | Keramische Bremsscheibe | |
| EP1876159A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines carbidkeramischen Kontaktkörpers und carbidkeramischer Kontaktkörper | |
| DE10346677B3 (de) | Wok und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung | |
| WO2020244984A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines endkonturnahen faserkörpers, faserkörper, verfahren zur herstellung eines keramischen bauteils und keramisches bauteil |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20201125 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: BILLER, NANCY-JANE Inventor name: KESSEL, FIONA Inventor name: FREUDENBERG, JAN Inventor name: JEHLE, VOLKER Inventor name: KOCH, DIETMAR Inventor name: VOGEL, FELIX Inventor name: FRIESS, MARTIN Inventor name: KLOPSCH, LINDA |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20240314 |