Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
  • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
  • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
  • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
  • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
  • E06B5/12—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes against air pressure, explosion, or gas

Definitions

• the present invention relates to security insulated glazing units resisting to low overpressures of a blast wave.
• NBN EN 1279-5:2005+A2 European Committee for Standardization EN 1279-5:2005+A2, May 2010 - ICS 81.040.20
• IGUs insulated glazing units
• IGU insulated glazing unit
• EN 1279-5 (2010) European norm states that, if an explosion resistant glass component certified according to EN 13541 is used as the non-attack face of an IGU, then there is no need to test further the insulting glazing unit.
• the classification of the entire insulating glazing unit shall be considered as the same as the classification granted to the single glass pane which fulfils the requirements of the EN norm 13541 individually.
• EP 1 828 530B discloses an improved window pane, attenuating the effect of a pressure or shock wave after an explosion in the manner of an insulating pane, which can be provided with retention safety elements and which can be manufactured simply and economically.
• a flexible, elongated safety element for example in the form of a metal cable or wire, is placed in the edge groove of the window pane, at least one end of the safety element being fed out of the edge groove and thus emerging beyond the outer dimensions of the window pane.
• the window pane is therefore captured with the aid of its safety element, which is attached to an element of sash or of building by its end fed out of the edge groove, and is prevented from making an uncontrolled movement.
• the present invention relates to an insulating glazing unit configured for resisting to an overpressure of a blast wave, Pr, equal to or greater than 50 kPa and lower than 100 kPa (50 kPa ⁇ Pr ⁇ 100 kPa). It extends along a plane, P, defined by a longitudinal axis, X, and a vertical axis, Z; having a width, W, measured along the longitudinal axis, X, and a length, L, measured along the vertical axis, Z, wherein the length, L, is equal to or greater than the width, W.
• the IGU comprises a first glass pane facing the blast wave, a second glass pane and a spacer, maintaining a distance, D, between the first glass pane and the second glass pane.
• the IGU of the present invention is characterized in that the length, L, is equal to or greater than 1.5 m and the width, W, is equal to or greater than 1.5 m; and in that the first glass pane has a flexural stiffness, Kl, equal to or greater than 5.00 10 4 Nm.
• Figure 1 shows a cross sectional view of an insulated glazing unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an insulated glazing unit (hereinafter referred to as IGU) configured for resisting to an overpressure of a blast wave, Pr, equal to or greater than 50 kPa and lower than 100 kPa (50 kPa ⁇ Pr ⁇ 100 kPa).
• IGU insulated glazing unit
• the IGU (10) comprises a first glass pane (1) and a second glass pane (2) and a spacer (3) maintaining a distance, D, between the first and second glass panes defining an internal volume, V.
• the distance, D is equal to or greater than 6mm (D>6 mm), preferably equal to or greater than 9mm (D > 9mm).
• the distance, D is equal to or lower than 25 mm (D ⁇ 25 mm), preferably equal to or lower than 20 mm (D ⁇ 20 mm), more preferably equal to or lower than 15 mm (D ⁇ 15 mm).
• the distance, D is comprised between 6 mm and 25 mm (6 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 25 mm), preferably between 9 mm and 20 mm (9 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 20 mm), more preferably between 9 mm and 15 mm (9 mm ⁇ D ⁇ 15 mm).
• the IGU extends along a plane, P, defined by a longitudinal axis, X, and a vertical axis, Z. It has a width, W, measured along the longitudinal axis, X, and a length, L, measured along the vertical axis, Z, wherein the length, L is equal to or greater than the width, W (L > W).
• the length, L, of the IGU of the present invention is equal to or greater than 1.5 m (L > 1.5 m), preferably equal to or greater than 2 m (L > 2 m).
• the width, W, of the IGU of the present invention is equal or greater than 1.5 m (W > 1.5 mm), preferably equal to or greater than 2 m (L > 2 m).
• Typical windows' surfaces for building applications reach 3 to 6 m 2 .
• the glass pane of the IGU of the present invention may be a single monolithic pane or form a laminated assembly.
• the first glass pane has an inner pane face (12) and an outer pane face (13).
• the second glass pane has an inner pane face (22) and an outer pane face (23), as shown in figure 1.
• the inner pane faces are facing the internal volume, V, of the IGU.
• the outer pane faces are facing the exterior of the IGU.
• the outer pane face of the first pane of the IGU of the present invention is further laminated to at least one glass sheet (4) by at least one polymer interlayer (5) forming a laminated assembly, as shown in figure 1.
• the polymer interlayer used in the laminate assembly of the present invention provides the following contribution to the security of the IGU of the present invention: firstly, the polymer interlayer distributes impact forces across a greater area of the panes, thus increasing the impact resistance of the pane. Secondly, the polymer interlayer binds the resulting shards if the glass is ultimately broken. Thirdly, the polymer interlayer undergoes plastic deformation during impact and under static loads after impact, absorbing energy and reducing penetration by the impacting object as well as reducing the energy of the impact that is transmitted to impacting object.
• the flexural stiffness of the first glass pane, Kl can be calculated based on its Young modulus, E, expressed in Pa; on its Poisson's Ratio, v, and its thickness, h, in m, as per the equation (B) below and is expressed in Nm: Equation (Al)
• E is the Young modulus of glass and equals to 70 10 9 Pa ;
• v is the Poisson's ratio of glass and equals to 0.22 ;
• hefl is the effective thickness of the first glass pane.
• the effective thickness of such pane, hefl is simply the thickness of the pane measured in the direction normal to the plane, P.
• the effective thickness, hefl is calculated as per Equation (Al).
• the first step is to calculate the shear transfer coefficient, G, between the several glass panes and polymer interlayer(s) forming the laminated assembly.
• the shear transfer coefficient, G is a measure of the transfer of shear stresses across the laminated assembly.
• the shear coupling depends primarily on the polymer interlayer shear storage modulus, G, glass properties, the laminate geometry and the length scale, as per formula below (1):
• E is the Young modulus of the first glass pane and equals to 70 10 9 Pa ;
• G is the polymer interlayer shear storage modulus, measured at a load duration 5 10 3 s and at a temperature of 25°C and expressed in Pa;
• a is the length scale (shortest bending direction) and equals to equals to 1 m; wherein hi is the thickness of the first glass pane, expressed in m;
• hz is the thickness of the at least one glass sheet, expressed in m; and wherein hv is the thickness of the at least one polymer interlayer, expressed in m.
• the second step is to calculate the effective thickness of the laminated assembly, h ef , provided by formula (6) and expressed in m:
• the above method teaches how to calculate the effective laminate thickness of a laminated assembly comprising the first glass pane and one glass sheet. For laminated assemblies comprising more than one glass sheets, the calculation method between 2 panes, must be iteratively continued until a unique effective thickness, hef, has been calculated and all panes and corresponding polymer interlayer(s) have been considered.
• the IGU designed as per table 1 above meets the requirement of the present invention in that the flexural stiffness of the first pane reaches 9.12 10 4 Nm and is greater than the required minimal flexural stiffness of 5.00 10 4 Nm. Such IGU will therefore resist in its entirety to a blast wave of overpressure equal to or greater than 50 kPa and lower than lOOkPa.
• the IGU of the present invention is configured for resisting to an overpressure of a blast wave, Pr, equal to or greater than 50 kPa and lower than lOOkPa, wherein the first glass pane of the IGU faces said blast wave.
• the second glass has a thickness, h2, measured in the direction normal to the plane, P; equal to or greater than 0.004 m (h2 > 0.004 m), preferably equal to or greater than 0.006 m (h2 > 0.006 m), more preferably equal to or greater than 0.008 m (h2 > 0.008 m).
• the second glass pane of the IGU of the present invention may be a single monolithic pane or form a laminated assembly.
• the outer pane face of the second pane of the IGU of the present invention is further laminated to at least one glass sheet (42) by at least one polymer interlayer (52) forming a laminated assembly, as shown in figure 1.
• the thickness, h2 of such pane is simply measured in the direction normal to the plane, P.
• the effective laminate thickness, hef is the effective laminate thickness, that needs to be considered. The two-steps procedure to calculate the effective thickness, described above in relation to the laminated assembly of the first glass pane applies herein respectively.
• the second glass pane of the IGU of the present invention provides a resistance against an explosion pressure of classification ER1, as per classification under the European norm NBN EN 13541 (2012). It is well known to person skilled in that art how to design glass panes of a resistance to explosion ER1 as per the European Norm NBN EN 13541 (2012), by forming a laminate assembly of 2 or more glass panes and corresponding polymer layer.
• One example of a suitable ER1 glass pane to be used as the second glass pane of the IGU of the present invention can be made of a soda-lime glass pane of 6 mm, laminated to a soda-lime glass sheet of 4 mm by a polyvinyl butyrate polymer interlayer of 1.52 mm.
• the IGU of the present invention is typically used to close an opening within a partition such as in general-purpose glazing units, a build wall automotive glazing units or architectural glazing units, appliances...
• This partition separates an exterior space from an interior space, typically separating the exterior space from the interior space of a building.
• the IGU of the present invention will close an opening of a partition separating an exterior space from an interior space, whereby the first glass pane is facing the exterior space for an external threat or whereby the first glass pane is facing the interior space for an internal threat.
• the IGU of the present embodiment could be configured to resist to the overpressure of a blast wave on both first and second glass panes.
• the second glass pane of the IGU of the present invention has a flexural stiffness, K2, equal to or greater than 5.00 10 4 Nm.
• the flexural stiffness of the second glass pane, K2 is to be calculated as per the equation described above in relation to the first pane and adapted herebelow:
• E is the Young modulus of glass and equals to 70 10 9 Pa ;
• v is the Poisson's ratio of glass and equals to 0.22 ;
• the effective thickness of such pane, hef2 is simply the thickness of the pane measured in the direction normal to the plane, P.
• the effective thickness, hef2 is calculated as per Equation (A2).
• the outer glass pane face of the second glass pane of the IGU of the present invention is further laminated to at least one glass sheet (42) by at least one polymer interlayer (52) forming a laminated assembly.
• Figure 1 illustrates one preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein the first glass pane (1) has a thickness (hi) and is coupled to the second glass pane (2) having a thickness (h2) via a spacer (3) maintaining a distance, D, between the two glass panes and delimiting a volume, V.
• the first pane faces the blast wave.
• a glass sheet (4) having a thickness (hz) is coupled to the outer face pane (13) first glass pane via a polymer interlayer (5) having a thickness (hv).
• Another glass sheet (42) having a thickness (hz2) is coupled to the outer pane face (23) of the second glass pane via a polymer interlayer (52) having a thickness (hv2). All embodiments and preferred technical features of the glass sheet and polymer interlayer described above in relation to the laminated assembly of the first glass pane apply respectively to the laminated assembly of the second glass pane.
• the flexural stiffness of the first glass pane, Kl, and the flexural stiffness of the second glass pane, K2, may be different.
• the present invention also relates to the use of an insulated glazing unit as defined above, to close the opening of a partition separating an exterior space from an interior space, and preferably wherein the first glass pane is facing the exterior space.
• the first and second glass panes of the IGU of the present invention as well as the additional glass sheets within laminated assemblies can be chosen among all flat glass technologies, among them: float clear, extra-clear or colored glass.
• glass is herein understood to mean any type of glass or equivalent transparent material, such as a mineral glass.
• the mineral glasses used may be irrespectively one or more known types of glass such as soda-lime-silica, aluminosilicate or borosilicate, crystalline and polycrystalline glasses.
• the glass pane can be obtained by a floating process, a drawing process, a rolling process or any other process known to manufacture a glass pane starting from a molten glass composition.
• the glass panes can optionally be edge- ground.
• the glass pane according to the invention is a pane of soda-lime-silica glass, aluminosilicate glass or borosilicate glass.
• films such as low emissivity films, solar control films (a heat ray reflection films), anti-reflective films, anti-fog films, preferably a heat ray reflection film or a low emissivity film, can be provided on at least one of the inner pane faces (12, 22) and/or outer pane faces (13, 23) of the first and/or second glass panes (1, 2) of the insulated glazing unit (10).
• the first and second glass panes of the IGU of the present invention as well as the additional glass sheets within the laminated assembly can be prestressed glass.
• prestressed glass it means a heat strengthened glass, a thermally toughened glass, or a chemically strengthened glass.
• Heat strengthened glass is heat treated using a method of controlled heating and cooling which places the glass surfaces under compression and the core of the glass under tension. This heat treatment method delivers a glass with a bending strength greater than annealed glass but less than thermally toughened safety glass.
• Thermally toughened glass is heat treated using a method of controlled heating and cooling which puts the glass surface under compression and the core glass under tension. Such stresses cause the glass, when impacted, to break into small granular particles instead of splintering into jagged shards. The granular particles are less likely to injure occupants or damage objects.
• the chemical strengthening of a glass article is a heat induced ion-exchange, involving replacement of smaller alkali sodium ions in the surface layer of glass by larger ions, for example alkali potassium ions. Increased surface compression stress occurs in the glass as the larger ions "wedge" into the small sites formerly occupied by the sodium ions.
• Such a chemical treatment is generally carried out by immerging the glass in an ion- exchange molten bath containing one or more molten salt(s) of the larger ions, with a precise control of temperature and time.
• Aluminosilicate-type glass compositions such as for example those from the products range DragonTrail ® from Asahi Glass Co. or those from the products range Gorilla ® from Corning Inc., are also known to be very efficient for chemical tempering.
• the composition for the first and second glass panes and/or the at least one glass sheet comprises the following components in weight percentage, expressed with respect to the total weight of glass (Comp. A).
• the glass composition (Comp. B) is a soda-lime-silicate-type glass with a base glass matrix of the composition comprising the following components in weight percentage, expressed with respect to the total weight of glass.
• compositions comprise the following components in weight percentage, expressed with respect to the total weight of glass:
• first glass pane, the second glass pane or the at least one glass sheet may be an organic glass such as a polymer or a rigid thermoplastic or thermosetting transparent polymer or copolymer such as, for example, a transparent synthetic polycarbonate, polyester or polyvinyl resin.
• the laminated assembly within the IGU of the present invention may typically comprise from 1 to 7 additional glass sheet(s), preferably from 1 to 4 additional glass sheet(s), more preferably from 1 to 2 additional glass sheets and corresponding additional layers of polymer interlayer(s).
• Said glass sheet has typically a thickness, hz, comprised between 2 and 30 mm (2 mm ⁇ hz ⁇ 30 mm), preferably comprised between 4 and 25 mm (4 mm ⁇ hz ⁇ 25 mm), more preferably comprised between 4 and 15 mm (4 mm ⁇ hz ⁇ 125 mm), even comprised between 8 and 12 mm (8 mm ⁇ hz ⁇ 12 mm).
• the thicknesses are measured in the direction normal to the plane, P.
• the polymer interlayer to be used in the present invention typically comprises a material selected from the group consisting ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyisobutylene (PIB), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl chlorides (PVC), polyesters, copolyesters, polyacetals, cyclo olefin polymers (COP), ionomers and/or an ultraviolet activated adhesive, and others known in the art of manufacturing glass laminates. Blended materials using any compatible combinations of these materials can be suitable as well.
• the at least one polymer interlayer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of ethylene vinyl acetate, and/or polyvinyl butyral, more preferably polyvinyl butyral.
• the polymer interlayer is also designated as a "bonding interlayer" since the polymer interlayer and the glass pane form a bond that results in adhesion between the glass pane and the polymer interlayer
• the polymer interlayer to be used in the present invention is a transparent or translucent polymer interlayer.
• the polymer interlayer may be colored or patterned.
• Typical thicknesses (measured in the direction normal to the plane, P) for the at least one polymer interlayer, h v are 0.3 mm to 3.5 mm, preferably 0.75 mm to 1.75 mm.
• Commercially available polymer interlayers are polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layers of 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.52 mm, 2.28 m and 3.04 mm. To achieve the desired thickness, one or more of those layers can be used.
• polyvinyl butyral polymer interlayers are preferably used.
• Polyvinyl butyral (or PVB) is a resin known for applications that require strong binding, optical clarity, adhesion to many surfaces, toughness and flexibility.
• PVB-films include KB PVB, Saflex, GlasNovations, WINLITE, S-Lec, Trosifol and EVERLAM.
• the bonding process takes place under heat and pressure also designated as autoclave process which is well known in the art.
• autoclave process which is well known in the art.
• the PVB interlayer becomes optically clear and binds the two panes of glass together. Once sealed together, the laminate behaves as a single unit and looks like normal glass.
• the polymer interlayer of PVB is tough and ductile, so brittle cracks will not pass from one side of the laminate to the other.
• Another process known in the art and preferred for the present invention is the autoclave free laminated glass production. This process reduces energy costs but has the drawback of limiting the types and thickness of polymer interlayer. Autoclave free oven makes preferentially EVA and dedicated PVB laminated glass. In such case, to achieve the desired thickness and security requirements, one or more of those autoclave free polymer interlayers can be used.
• Another process to produce a laminated glass is the vacuum bag process.
• the present invention also applies to multiple glazing units comprising three or more panes, defining bounding insulating or non-insulating internal spaces.
• a third additional glass pane can be coupled to the outer pane faces (23) of second glass pane along the periphery of the IGU via another peripheral spacer bar, creating a second internal volume sealed by a peripheral edge seal. Said peripheral spacer bar maintained a certain distance between the third glass pane and the at least one of the outer pane face one of the first and second glass panes.
• the insulated glazing unit comprises a spacer (3) maintaining the first glass pane and the second glass pane at a certain distance, D, and defining an internal volume, V, extending between the first and second glass panes from the spacer to the peripheral edges.
• the spacer has consequently a surrounding shape which spaces apart the glass plates on their periphery. It can be made of one piece or can alternatively comprise a plurality of elements having their extremities abutted to form the surrounding shape.
• the spacer can be metallic, polymeric, a composite material reinforced by glass fibres or a mix of several of these materials.
• the spacer can be hollow in order to be able to receive for example some drying material. Such spacer is then perforated to allow the drying material to trap water vapor that is coming in the cavity of the IGU.
• the spacer is inserted between the glass plates generally by means of butyl or silicone adhesive strips. Thereby, forming an encompassing surrounding edge joint, as usual for insulated glazing, which is provided with a cordon of sealant.
• the internal volume, V between the glass plates is sealed with respect to the exterior in a gas and moisture-sealed type manner.
• Said internal volume is filled with a predetermined gas selected from the group consisting of air, dry air, argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), carbon dioxide or a combination thereof or it can be (partially) evacuated.
• Said predetermined gas are effective for preventing heat transfer and/or may be used to reduce sound transmission.
• Examples 1 to 3 illustrate different embodiments of IGU of the present invention, demonstrating the required resistance to explosion.
• the second glass panes described in the table A below may be combined to any of the first panes of examples 1 to 3 above to form the IGUs of the present invention.
• the value of G, the shear modulus of the PVB interlayer, is 1.17 10 s Pa.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-06-19 EP EP19732612.7A patent/EP3810881A1/de active Pending
  • 2019-06-19 WO PCT/EP2019/066233 patent/WO2019243436A1/en active Application Filing

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