EP3810432B1 - Verfahren zur bereitstellung eines objektes mit einer eindeutigen markierung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur bereitstellung eines objektes mit einer eindeutigen markierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3810432B1
EP3810432B1 EP19752554.6A EP19752554A EP3810432B1 EP 3810432 B1 EP3810432 B1 EP 3810432B1 EP 19752554 A EP19752554 A EP 19752554A EP 3810432 B1 EP3810432 B1 EP 3810432B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
marking
incrustation
glitter
digital
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EP19752554.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3810432C0 (de
EP3810432A1 (de
Inventor
Nuno Miguel MENDONÇA DA SILVA GONÇALVES
Bruno André SANTOS PATRÃO
Leandro MORAES VALLE CRUZ
Ricardo Jorge DIAS BARATA
João Pedro DE ALMEIDA BARRETO
João Pedro FREIRE DUARTE
Renato PAULO MONTEIRO
João Paulo FERREIRA SARAIVA DA MOUTA DIAS
Albano Augusto CAVALEIRO RODRIGUES DE CARVALHO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Incm Imprensa Nacional Casa Da Moeda SA
Universidade de Coimbra
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Incm Imprensa Nacional Casa Da Moeda SA
Universidade de Coimbra
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Priority to RS20240065A priority Critical patent/RS65087B1/sr
Priority to HRP20240083TT priority patent/HRP20240083T1/hr
Publication of EP3810432A1 publication Critical patent/EP3810432A1/de
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Publication of EP3810432C0 publication Critical patent/EP3810432C0/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B41M7/0081—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock using electromagnetic radiation or waves, e.g. ultraviolet radiation, electron beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M7/00—After-treatment of prints, e.g. heating, irradiating, setting of the ink, protection of the printed stock
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/02—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by reflected light, e.g. matt surfaces, lustrous surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F5/00—Designs characterised by irregular areas, e.g. mottled patterns

Definitions

  • the present invention is enclosed in the area of unique marking of objects, for instance authenticity in assay or uniquely identifying and tracking an object.
  • Document DE 10 2008 015466 discloses a security marking for objects, comprising particles randomly distributed on or at the surface or, in the case of a material transparent to optical radiation, in the volume of an object, wherein the particles reflect light depending on an angle and change a phase or polarization or spectral formation of the light.
  • the particles have a disk-shaped geometry, preferably with a layer thickness of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m and an extent of 1 to 1000 ⁇ m. It is also disclosed a device for identifying an object and a method for identifying an object.
  • a method for marking an article which includes providing an article including a substrate, the substrate including a surface and a surface material, and forming a design on the surface of the substrate by applying a marking material to the surface wherein applying the marking material includes an additive manufacturing technique.
  • a second method for marking an article is disclosed, further including the surface having a first surface and second surface, the second surface defining a depression relative to the first surface, and forming a design on the surface of the substrate by applying a marking material to the second surface, the marking material forming a marking surface which is substantially flush with the first surface.
  • the marked article formed by the methods includes a microstructure derived from the additive manufacturing technique.
  • Document US 2018/029304 refers to a method for preparing a composite body comprising a support body and at least one decorative element, preferably a gemstone, the support body comprising a thermoplastic material, the method being characterized by the steps of: arranging the decorative element on the support body, heating the support body, pressing the decorative element into the support body by using a stamp consisting of an elastically deformable material, the material of the stamp being selected from the group of elastomers.
  • the object In the area of assurance of authenticity, the object is typically a valuable object, the marking providing assurance of authenticity of the object by visual analysis, indicating that the object contains a certain degree of purity (in the case of gemstones and precious metals) or which has a certain provenance (in the case of food products, such as wine bottles).
  • provenance or guarantee authenticity consist of security documents (for identification, such as passports, national citizens' cards, driving licenses, visas, residence documents, etc.), certificates of authenticity (diplomas, certificates of formal qualifications, official stamps, etc.) and certificates of authenticity of products or trademarks (products of protected origin, trade marks, or others).
  • the marking is applied by punching the object.
  • a guarantee seal with certain visual characteristics is applied, typically further comprising a numbering.
  • the marking that is intended to be unique is recognizable and the security against copy of the marking is dependent on access to the puncture and associated equipment or the equipment producing the said seals, or the ability to reproduce them.
  • marking solutions are also known, such as codes with n-dimensions (bar codes, QR code, or others) or solutions with electronic components, such as RFID or other electronic-based solutions of greater constructive complexity.
  • the present invention aims to address all of these problems by providing a solution that guarantees authenticity to an object and also allows validation, identification and tracking of the object, by introducing intrinsically unique techniques in the object marking process and consequently in the object itself.
  • the portion of the object consists of a incrustation portion made of a material with hardness and ductility which provide accommodation of incrusted particles, in particular the material consisting of a metal, a polymer or a resin, said physical chaotic marking process specifically consisting of i) incrustation of particles in the incrustation portion, such incrustation being performed by a) puncturing or b) application of a laser beam, on the surface of the incrustation portion, said particles being deposited on the surface prior to incrustation and therein incrusted after incrustation.
  • Incrustation of particles are more efficiently performed a) by puncturing (with a punch) of the particles into the object, which in the present case is a metal object, or b) by applying a laser beam on the surface of the incrustation portion, thereby fusing such area and providing incrustation of the particles into the surface.
  • the incrustation portion material consists of a metal, thus providing a metal portion.
  • the incrustation portion material consists of a polymer, such polymer consists of acrylic.
  • the physical chaotic marking process specifically consists of ii) printing with a bondable fluid enriched with glitter particles, where said printing being performed by one of the following methods: serigraphy, flexography, rotogravure, carving, typography, offset, spray painting or direct printing with a brush embedded in said bondable fluid.
  • Printing of a bondable fluid enriched with glitter particles are efficiently performed on the surface of the portion of the object by one of the described methods.
  • Such unique marking being provided in the object, which consists of a stamp or the object to be marked itself.
  • Such machine therefore uniquely marks objects, due to the chaotic/random properties of the means it comprises, therefore providing the advantages of the method for providing an object with a unique marking of the present invention.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for capturing a marking, such marking being obtained by the method for providing an object with a unique marking of the present invention or being present in the object with a marking of the present invention, the method for capturing the marking comprising the following steps:
  • Such method for capturing a marking therefore provides an efficient way to capture and obtain relevant information from an object with a marking as obtained from the method for providing an object with a unique marking of the present invention, or an object obtained from such method for providing an object with a unique marking.
  • a computational apparatus comprising digital image acquiring means, preferably a digital camera or microscope, configured to implement the method for capturing a marking of the present invention, and a computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising program instructions executable to carry out the method for capturing a marking of the present invention are also objects of the present invention.
  • incrustation of particles is specifically performed by a) puncturing on the surface of the incrustation portion by means of a metal punch over said pre-deposited particles on the surface.
  • incrustation of particles is specifically performed by b) application of a laser beam on the surface of the incrustation portion and, prior to such incrustation, particles being pre-crimped on said surface. Therefore, a random organisation of particles is provided as in alternative process a), of puncturing, although particles are not truly incrusted but only partially fixed to the surface. It is the application of a laser beam that incrusts the particles, already randomly organised by the pre-crimping.
  • the particles consist of diamond particles, approximately spherical, therefore providing resistance to the impact of puncturing or the effect of laser, and also providing evenness of particles, with a generally spherical form.
  • Said particles of have an average area of 0.7-3.2 % of the area of the incrustation portion, the particles having a diameter between 50-100 pm and the surface of the incrustation portion having an area of 1-4 mm 2 , the surface of the incrustation portion consisting of a square with 1-2 mm sides.
  • Such relation between areas provides for a good visual organization of particles in the metal, thereby enhancing optical or visual reading methods.
  • the particles have a high contrast with the incrustation portion, preferably having a colour which provides high contrast with such incrustation portion.
  • the incrustation portion comprises or consists of a precious metal, preferably one or more of the following: gold, silver, platinum or palladium. It is - although in no way necessary - that the whole object is made of the same material or materials as the incrustation portion.
  • Variables consist of:
  • Process described as a) comprises placement of the particles, by deposition on the metal surface, and crimping the particles by puncturing using a metal punch, over the pre-deposition of particles.
  • Process described as b) comprises placement of the particles, by deposition on the metal surface, and particle crimping by incidence of a laser beam, with or without pre-crimping of the particles for initial fixation.
  • the bondable fluid enriched with glitter particles is obtained by mixing glitter particles into a bondable fluid, prior to printing. Such mixing enhances the random organisation of glitter particles within the bondable fluid.
  • Printing is specifically performed by serigraphy with a net, the net being such it provides passing of the glitter particles through it.
  • the glitter particles have a diameter between 50-100 pm and consist of metal particles non solvent in the bondable fluid, such particles being spherical or discoidal.
  • the bondable fluid consists of ink, glue, a resin or varnish.
  • said glitter particles are such that have high contrast with said bondable fluid, the bondable fluid said bondable fluid preferably having transparency. More preferably, the fluid is transparent. Thus, the glitter particles will be even more visible, in their contrast with the bondable fluid.
  • Variables consist of:
  • the process comprises placement of the particles, by mixing the powder particles with the bondable glue, such as ink, to be applied, and printing using screen print technique with a net wide enough to allow the passage of glitter particles, other printing processes also being suitable.
  • the bondable glue such as ink
  • Contrast existence of high visual contrast between the particles and the carrier material where the marking is created.
  • the colour of the glitter particles be differentiated from the colour of the paint and / or colour of the carrier material (paper, polymer, PVC, polycarbonate, wood, among other carrier materials) when applied with inks or transparent glues or with a high transparency index.
  • the colour of the particles be differentiated from the colour of the metal.
  • Particle resistance high particle resistance in terms of physical and chemical integrity to the process of marking creation.
  • the particles suffer a physical shock that fractures or destroys them partially or completely.
  • the particle be of a material resistant to the physical process.
  • one of the most suitable materials for the marking process is the diamond (carbon element), given its high physical strength.
  • the particles maintain their physical integrity and chemical composition, and be stable throughout the life cycle of the marking.
  • one of the suitable materials is non-soluble metal particles in the solvents, glues, resins and paints where they will be mixed.
  • Density existence of low density and non-high amount of particles along the marking.
  • the amount of particles range from 10 to 1000 along the making for a common label, although it is desirable that the number of particles be between 30 and 200. A higher or lower particle value does not compromise the marking, but reduces the ability of a system to identify it.
  • density it is desirable that there be no particle agglomeration, for this purpose the use of a low density dispersion is desirable.
  • the method for capturing a marking further comprises rectifying the digital image, prior to particle segmentation, such rectifying comprising:
  • Such rectification provides a more suitable image to analyse, i.e., to in which particles and further details are detected.
  • the particle segmentation of the method for capturing a marking also further comprises implementing a convolutional neuronal network on the image, such network having been trained over the image and a mask containing already identified particles.
  • the method for capturing a marking also further comprises associating a digital descriptor with additional information and storing both the digital descriptor and additional information in a relational database, thereby registering such digital descriptor where no corresponding digital descriptor from the plurality of digital descriptors in a database was identified, the additional information comprising one or more of the following: date, time, localisation, owner reference, manufacturer reference, information on each sale / transition of ownership of the piece, information on remodelling or any procedure implemented on the piece.
  • the most suitable reading system would most suitably have a magnification capability for the particles to be individually detected.
  • This system could be a microscope (with enlargements of IOOx, 200x or higher) or a conventional chamber of great magnification.
  • Another suitable reading system is the camera of a smartphone or tablet with a lens attached.
  • the image acquisition process should be optimized to collect one or more images under predefined lighting, positioning and magnification conditions.
  • the equipment should be capable of capturing 5 megapixel images in the case of magnifications greater than 200x and 12 megapixels in case the equipment is a smartphone or tablet, with or without magnifying accessory lenses, and the marking must be completely visible, without occlusions or cuts.
  • Figure 1 illustrates two examples of markings captured with a microscope. These resolution values are indicative of solutions with high robustness, however, the reading system has a lower resolution, which does not compromise the robustness of the solution in most cases.
  • the reading system could be a conventional camera or the camera of a mobile device, or even a microscope, but it is not usually necessary to use the latter.
  • the image acquisition process must be able to capture all the particles of a marking.
  • the acquisition equipment is a mobile phone with a common camera attached.
  • the capture is done preferably, but not exclusively, with resolution equal to or greater than 1080p. Since the interaction of the particles with light differs according to the direction of incidence of the latter and from the point of view of the acquisition, it is preferable to capture more than one image and to identify the particles in all of them and subsequently to compose the description of the marking (as described in Section 3: Image Descriptor).
  • Figure 2 shows a glitter marking captured with the camera of a mobile phone.
  • a digital descriptor that combines visual aspects, geometric characteristics and/or morphological characteristics is used.
  • the function of a digital descriptor is to enable the marking validation operation, without recourse to the original image, which is available or not at the time of validation and, consequently, to improve the speed of obtaining a validation result.
  • the visual aspects of a marking are described through image characterization methods, such as: descriptors of local characteristics, textures, hue, minutiae, among others.
  • Two images of the same marking are compared through local (pixel-by-pixel) or global (general structure from image) relationships. In order to better perform a local comparison it is necessary to perform a correct alignment between two images captured from the same mark, through rectification.
  • corner and edge detection algorithms such as ORB [Oriented Features from Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) and Rooted BRIEF (Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features)], among other possible methods. These methods allow to detect and compare small sections (typically 5x5 pixels) in order to find matches.
  • LBP Local Binary Markings
  • the gathering of information of hue is relevant, since it allows to identify the type of material on which the marking is applied.
  • By analysing the RGB channels of the image it is possible to identify the type of metal being analysed, or the type of pigment in which the glitter is immersed.
  • Minutiae detection refers to implemented mechanisms capable of identifying and characterizing imperfections or indentations created by the marking on the surface on which the marking was applied or created by the particles themselves that make up the marking.
  • the elements in the marking consist of particles that are detected, their relative and absolute positions in the marking and their shape being known, it is possible to characterize the marking also on the basis of this information. From the mask identifying the particles (Fig. Be)), characteristics describing their morphology are calculated namely, size, circularity, aspect ratio, particle density, distance to the centre of the marking, between others. Once these characteristics are calculated, their distribution in a histogram is studied and values are collected at specific frequencies of the histogram which then constitute the morphological aspects of the marking in question.
  • the geometric aspects of a marking are described by histograms of characteristics associated with the sequence or sets of particles (a marking is composed of several particles). Among these aspects, we firstly use the distance between sets (the order of points does not matter) of two particles and the angle formed by the sequence (points chosen in a specific order) of three particles ( Fig. 3d )).
  • Such a histogram consists of a vector of integers that account for the occurrence of value ranges of a given characteristic among all sets / sequences of points associated with the particles.
  • Figure 3d illustrates the calculation of the distance between two pairs of points, as well as the angle formed by a sequence of three other points.
  • rectification a marking is photographed at different distances and from different points of view.
  • a marking visual, morphological and geometric
  • Marking image detection aims at extracting the region of interest for further processing.
  • the extraction of the zone of interest allows the system to operate only on a part of the image, reducing the computational effort required, as well as increase the chances of success with particle detection and segmentation.
  • it also allows a more efficient management of the information that is stored in the database, due to the smaller size of the image that needs to be retained.
  • the process of marking detection is achieved at the expense of the implementation of a convolutional neural network (CNN), called U-Net.
  • CNN convolutional neural network
  • U-Net This neural network is an algorithm capable of recognizing which zones of the image that contain the marking that is the zone of interest.
  • This network is trained on a set of data acquired during the system building process and is updated and re-trained as the amount of information available in the database increases.
  • a possible algorithm is based on the use of a U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN), trained directly on the image and its mask with the identified particles. For each marking used in the training of this network, the image of the marking is presented, the true segmentation of the particles (carried out manually).
  • CNN convolutional neural network
  • the database record contains, in addition to the original captured image, its geometric and visual descriptors as well as other additional information (namely: date, time, location, observations, owner, manufacturer).
  • additional information namely: date, time, location, observations, owner, manufacturer.
  • validation of a marking it is performed by two different operations, with different objectives and purposes: verification and identification.
  • a set of characteristics of this marking are determined (targeting masks, particle position, random marking descriptors, etc.), which are evaluated by the model in the sense of identifying which marking which is sufficiently similar to the standard presented, in the case of identification.
  • This validation process called identification, is a 1-to-many search.
  • the validation process is performed as a verification process. In the case of verification, this set of characteristics is compared only with the characteristics of the marking whose identity is known or suggested, becoming, therefore, a 1-to-1 search.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of the complete registration process in a database of a diamond-on-metal particle dispersion marking.
  • the processing ( Fig. 7 (a) to (d) ) generally includes the following operations: marking detection, identification of the carrier material, identification of the standard material, rectification and standardization of the marking for standard scale and orientation, detection of the particles forming the randomness and the calculation of the digital descriptors that characterize it, as above described.
  • the descriptor of the marking to be checked will be purchased with the descriptor of the marking with which the comparison is intended, stored in database.
  • the two marks are subjected to the same standardization operations described above ( Fig. 7 e) ). If this comparison, measured by a sufficiently effective likelihood measurement model, returning a sufficiently high score, then the marking is validated as being the same marking stored.
  • FIG. 8 (a) to (d) generally includes the following operations: marking detection, identification of the carrier material, identification of the material constituting the standard, rectification and standardization of the marking for standard scale and orientation, detection of the particles forming the random marking and calculation of the descriptors that characterize it, as described above (Fig. 8 a) to d)).
  • the descriptor of the marking to be identified After the descriptor of the marking to be identified has been calculated, it will be compared to the descriptors stored in the database, which contains all the marking to be searched.
  • the research process is not simple and its complexity depends on the size of the database, among other factors.
  • the comparison is made using a cost metric between descriptors, producing a comparison value.
  • the process is accelerated through an indexed search and hypothesis elimination system (Fig. 8 e). From this comparison will appear a list of the candidate markings, that is, those whose descriptors are more similar to the marking under verification.
  • the identification process includes several passages through this process of successively reducing the number of candidate markings until a comparison with a degree of confidence sufficient to generate a final response appears.
  • the identification process is structured at several levels, so that when one level generates more than one candidate marking, then the next level will initiate a new identification process with this list of candidate markings. New descriptors relating to this level should be calculated from this list.
  • Some of the operations that are used for the second level of research include processes of image alignment by homography techniques, comparison of marking geometry, and measurement of similarity of descriptors. If one of these comparisons returns a sufficiently high score, the marking identity is confirmed.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Ein Verfahren zur Bereitstellung eines Objekts mit einer eindeutigen Markierung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es das Markieren eines solchen Objekts mit einem physikalisch chaotischen Markierungsverfahren auf der Oberfläche eines Teilbereichs des genannten Objekts umfasst, wobei ein solches physikalisch chaotisches Markierungsverfahren aus Folgendem besteht:
    i) Zufällige Ablagerung von Partikeln auf der Oberfläche und nachfolgende Inkrustation, worin der genannte Teilbereich des Objekts aus einem Inkrustationsbereich besteht, der aus einem Material mit einer Härte und Duktilität hergestellt ist, das die Aufnahme von inkrustierten Partikeln ermöglicht, wobei das Material aus einem Metall, einem Polymer oder einem Harz besteht, das genannte physikalisch chaotische Markierungsverfahren besteht aus einer Inkrustation von Partikeln im Inkrustationsbereich, wobei eine solche Inkrustation durch a) Punktieren oder b) Anwendung eines Laserstrahls auf der Oberfläche des Inkrustationsbereichs erfolgt, wobei die Partikel vor der Inkrustation auf die Oberfläche abgesetzt und darauf nach der Inkrustation verkrustet werden, und worin solche Partikel aus etwa kugelförmigen Diamantpartikeln bestehen und worin die genannten Partikel eine durchschnittliche Fläche von 0,7-3,2 % der Fläche des Inkrustationsbereichs abdecken, die Partikel einen Durchmesser zwischen 50-100 µm aufweisen und die Oberfläche des Inkrustationsbereichs eine Fläche von 1-4 mm2 hat, wobei die Oberfläche des Inkrustationsbereichs aus einem Quadrat mit 1-2 mm Seitenlänge besteht;
    oder
    ii) Bedrucken mit einer mit Glitzerpartikeln angereicherten Klebeflüssigkeit, wodurch eine Markierung auf einer solchen Oberfläche hergestellt wird, worin die genannte Klebeflüssigkeit aus Tinte, Klebstoff, einem Harz oder Lack besteht, worin die Glitzerpartikel einen Durchmesser zwischen 50-100 µm aufweisen, wobei die Glitzerpartikel aus Metallpartikeln bestehen, die nicht in der Klebeflüssigkeit lösbar sind, wobei diese Partikel kugelförmig oder scheibenförmig sind; worin die Glitzerpartikel zufällig innerhalb der Klebeflüssigkeit angeordnet sind und in einer niedrigen Dichte entlang der Markierung dispergiert werden, die Menge der Glitzerpartikel beträgt zwischen 10 und 1000 Glitzerpartikeln entlang der Markierung für ein allgemeines Etikett.
  2. Das Verfahren gemäß dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, worin die Inkrustation von Partikeln spezifisch durch a) das Punktieren auf die Oberfläche des Inkrustationsbereichs mittels eines Metalllochers über die genannten vordeponierten Partikel auf der Oberfläche durchgeführt wird.
  3. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, worin die Inkrustation von Partikeln spezifisch durch b) Anwendung eines Laserstrahls auf der Oberfläche des Inkrustationsbereichs und durch Vorcrimpen von Partikeln vor einer solchen Inkrustation auf der Oberfläche durchgeführt wird.
  4. Das Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, worin die genannten Partikel einen hohen Kontrast zum Inkrustationsbereich aufweisen, vorzugsweise mit einer Farbe, die einen hohen Kontrast zu einem solchen Inkrustationsbereich ermöglicht.
  5. Das Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1-4, worin der genannte Inkrustationsbereich ein Edelmetall umfasst oder aus einem Edelmetall besteht, das vorzugsweise eines oder mehrere der folgenden Materialien: Gold, Silber, Platin oder Palladium umfasst.
  6. Das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, worin das genannte physikalisch chaotische Markierungsverfahren speziell aus II) dem Bedrucken mit einer mit Glitzerpartikeln angereicherten Klebeflüssigkeit besteht, wobei der genannte Druck nach einem der folgenden Verfahren erfolgt: Siebdruck, Flexodruck, Tiefdruck, Schnitzerei, Typografie, Offset- oder Direktdruck mit einer Bürste, die in die genannte Klebeflüssigkeit eingebettet ist.
  7. Das Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 6, worin eine mit Glitzerpartikeln angereicherte Klebeflüssigkeit durch Mischen von Glitzerpartikeln mit einer Klebeflüssigkeit vor dem Drucken erhalten wird.
  8. Das Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 6-7, worin das genannte Bedrucken speziell durch Siebdruck mit einem Netz durchgeführt wird, wobei das Netz so gestaltet ist, dass es das Durchdringen der Glitzerpartikel ermöglicht.
  9. Das Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 6-8, worin die genannten Glitzerpartikel so ausgeführt sind, dass sie einen hohen Kontrast zu der Klebeflüssigkeit aufweisen, wobei die genannte Klebeflüssigkeit vorzugsweise transparent ist.
  10. Ein Objekt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er aus dem Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche erhalten wird, wobei dieses Objekt Folgendes umfasst:
    - Einen Inkrustationsbereich, wobei das physikalisch chaotische Markierungsverfahren durch i) Inkrustation von Partikeln auf der Oberfläche eines solchen Inkrustationsbereichs gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1-5 angewandt wird; worin der Inkrustationsbereich aus einem Material mit einer Härte und Duktilität besteht, das die Aufnahme von inkrustierten Partikeln ermöglicht, wobei das genannte Material aus einem Metall, einem Polymer oder einem Harz besteht;
    und worin solche Partikel aus etwa kugelförmigen Diamantpartikeln bestehen, und worin die genannten Partikel eine durchschnittliche Fläche von 0,7 bis 3,2 % der Fläche des Inkrustationsbereichs abdecken und diese Partikel einen Durchmesser zwischen 50-100 µm aufweisen;
    die Oberfläche des Inkrustationsbereichs besitzt eine Fläche von 1-4 mm2, wobei diese Oberfläche des Inkrustationsbereichs aus einem Quadrat mit 1-2 mm Seitenlänge besteht; oder
    - ein Teilbereich, worin das physikalisch chaotische Markierungsverfahren durch ii) Bedrucken mit einer mit Glitzerpartikeln angereicherten Klebeflüssigkeit auf der Oberfläche eines solchen Teilbereichs gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 6-9 angewandt wird und dadurch eine Markierung auf der Oberfläche des Teilbereichs des Objekts erzeugt wird; worin die genannte Klebeflüssigkeit aus Tinte, Klebstoff, einem Harz oder Lack besteht; worin die Glitzerpartikel einen Durchmesser zwischen 50-100 µm aufweisen; worin die Glitzerpartikel aus Metallpartikeln bestehen, die nicht in der Klebeflüssigkeit lösbar sind, wobei solche Partikel kugelförmig oder scheibenförmig sind; die Glitzerpartikel werden dabei zufällig innerhalb der Klebeflüssigkeit angeordnet und werden in einer niedrigen Dichte entlang der Markierung dispergiert, die Menge der Glitzerpartikel beträgt dabei zwischen 10 und 1000 Glitzerpartikel entlang der Markierung für ein allgemeines Etikett.
  11. Das Objekt gemäß dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, welches aus Folgendem besteht:
    - Einem Metallstück, vorzugsweise aus einem Edelmetall wie Gold, Silber, Platin oder Palladium, dadurch besteht es aus einem kostbaren Stück, und der einzigartigen Markierung, bestehend aus einem Münzzeichen, wobei der Inkrustationsbereich aus einem Teil eines solchen Metallstücks besteht, und dem physikalisch chaotischen Markierungsverfahren, das durch i) die Inkrustation von Partikeln angewandt wird, oder
    - einem Stück auf Cellulose- oder Polymerbasis, vorzugsweise Polycarbonat (PC), Polyvinylchlorid (PVC), Holz oder Papier, wobei das Teilstück aus einem Teil der Oberfläche eines solchen Stückes besteht, und dem physikalisch chaotischen Markierungsverfahren, welches durch ii) das Bedrucken der Oberfläche mit einer mit Glitzerpartikeln angereicherten Klebeflüssigkeit erfolgt.
  12. Eine Verwendung von Partikeln in einem Verfahren zur Bereitstellung eines Objekts mit einer eindeutigen Markierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, worin die genannten Partikel aus Folgendem bestehen:
    - Annähernd kugelförmigen Diamantpartikeln, worin die genannten Diamantpartikel eine durchschnittliche Fläche von 0,7 bis 3,2 % der Fläche des Inkrustationsbereichs abdecken, und diese Diamantpartikel einen Durchmesser zwischen 50-100 µm aufweisen; oder
    - Glitzerpartikeln, vorzugsweise aus einer Mischung einer Klebeflüssigkeit mit solchen Glitzerpartikeln, wodurch eine mit Glitzerpartikeln angereicherte Klebeflüssigkeit bereitgestellt wird, um durch zufällige Ablagerung dieser Partikel eine einzigartige Markierung zu erhalten; worin die Glitzerpartikel einen Durchmesser zwischen 50-100 µm aufweisen, wobei die Glitzerpartikel aus Metallpartikeln bestehen, die nicht in der Klebeflüssigkeit lösbar sind, diese Partikel sind kugelförmig oder scheibenförmig; wobei die Glitzerpartikel in einer geringen Dichte entlang der Markierung dispergiert werden und die Menge der Glitzerpartikel zwischen 10 und 1000 Glitzerpartikeln entlang der Markierung für ein allgemeines Etikett beträgt.
  13. Eine Maschine zur Herstellung eines Objekts mit einer eindeutigen Markierung, die konfiguriert ist, um das Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1-9 zu implementieren und Folgendes umfasst:
    - i) Mittel zur zufälligen Ablagerung der Diamantpartikel auf einer Oberfläche eines Objekts und nachfolgende Inkrustation dieser Partikel auf der Oberfläche oder
    - ii) Mittel zum Bedrucken einer Oberfläche eines Objekts mit einer mit Glitzerpartikeln angereicherten Klebeflüssigkeit, wodurch eine Markierung auf dieser Oberfläche des Objekts erzeugt wird.
  14. Ein Verfahren zum Erfassen einer Markierung, wobei diese Markierung nach dem Verfahren eines der Ansprüche 1-9 erhalten wird oder im Objekt eines der Ansprüche 10 bis 11 vorhanden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es folgende Schritte umfasst:
    - Erhalten von mindestens einem Digitalbild der Markierung, vorzugsweise durch eine Digitalkamera oder ein Mikroskop,
    - Segmentierung von Partikeln auf dem genannten Digitalbild mittels einer Bildverarbeitung,
    - Bestimmen eines digitalen Deskriptors auf der Grundlage der identifizierten Partikel, der Informationen über visuelle, geometrische und/oder morphologische Aspekte der Partikel in der Markierung enthält, und
    - Vergleichen eines solchen digitalen Deskriptors mit einer Vielzahl digitaler Deskriptoren in einer Datenbank, um somit weitere Informationen über einen entsprechenden digitalen Deskriptor in der Datenbank zu erhalten.
  15. Das Verfahren gemäß dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, worin es ferner die Korrektur des Digitalbildes vor der Partikelsegmentierung umfasst, wobei diese Korrektur Folgendes umfasst:
    - Erkennung eines Bereichs, der eine Markierung im Bild enthält durch die Suche und Identifizierung von Merkmalen, Erkennen eines solchen Bereichs, vorzugsweise bestehend aus:
    o Der Implementierung eines konvolutionalen neuronalen Netzwerks im Bildbereich, dieses Netzwerk wurde über vorab erfasste Daten in Bezug auf andere Markierungen geschult,
    - Anwenden einer Transformation in einem solchen Bereich, eine solche Transformation besteht aus dem Entfernen von perspektivischen Effekten und/oder einer gewünschten Ausrichtung.
  16. Das Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 14-15, worin die Partikelsegmentierung die Implementierung eines konvolutionalen neuronalen Netzwerks auf dem Bild, vorzugsweise auf dem genannten Bildbereich umfasst, wobei ein solches Netzwerk über das Bild geschult wurde, und eine Maske der bereits identifizierten Partikel enthält.
  17. Das Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 14-16, welches ferner die Verknüpfung eines digitalen Deskriptors mit zusätzlichen Informationen umfasst, um sowohl den digitalen Deskriptor als auch die zusätzlichen Informationen in einer relationalen Datenbank zu speichern, wodurch ein solcher digitaler Deskriptor registriert wird, vorzugsweise, wenn aus der Vielzahl digitaler Deskriptoren in einer Datenbank kein entsprechender digitaler Deskriptor ermittelt wurde, wobei die zusätzlichen Informationen vorzugsweise eine oder mehrere der folgenden Angaben umfassen: Datum, Uhrzeit, Lokalisierung, Eigentümerreferenz, Herstellerreferenz.
  18. Eine Rechenvorrichtung, die eine digitale Bilderfassungseinrichtung, vorzugsweise eine Digitalkamera oder ein Mikroskop, und einen Prozessor umfasst, der konfiguriert ist, um das Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 17 zu implementieren.
  19. Ein computerlesbares, nicht flüchtiges Speichermedium, das Programmanweisungen enthält, die bei Ausführung durch einen Computer bewirken, dass das Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 17 vom Computer ausgeführt wird.
EP19752554.6A 2018-06-22 2019-06-19 Verfahren zur bereitstellung eines objektes mit einer eindeutigen markierung Active EP3810432B1 (de)

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RS20240065A RS65087B1 (sr) 2018-06-22 2019-06-19 Postupak za opremanje objekta jedinstvenom oznakom
HRP20240083TT HRP20240083T1 (hr) 2018-06-22 2019-06-19 Postupak za dobivanje predmeta s jedinstvenim znakom

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PCT/IB2019/055177 WO2019244081A1 (en) 2018-06-22 2019-06-19 A method for providing an object with a unique mark

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