Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/02—Details
  • H02H3/033—Details with several disconnections in a preferential order, e.g. following priority of the users, load repartition
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
  • H02H3/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
  • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/02—Details
  • H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
  • H02H3/023—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order by short-circuiting
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/02—Details
  • H02H3/027—Details with automatic disconnection after a predetermined time
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
  • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
  • H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
  • H02H3/202—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage for dc systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
  • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
  • H02H5/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature additionally responsive to excess current
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
  • H02H5/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature
  • H02H5/046—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to abnormal temperature using a thermocouple
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
  • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
  • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
  • H02H9/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using a short-circuiting device
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
  • H01H85/02—Details
  • H01H85/46—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device
  • H01H2085/466—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the protective device with remote controlled forced fusing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H83/00—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current
  • H01H83/20—Protective switches, e.g. circuit-breaking switches, or protective relays operated by abnormal electrical conditions otherwise than solely by excess current operated by excess current as well as by some other abnormal electrical condition

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to a protective device for the overcurrent and overvoltage-protected transmission of electrical energy from a voltage connection to an electrical consumer.
• Protective devices for limiting a current, a voltage and / or a power are usually used in isolating amplifiers in order to protect downstream electrical components from current, voltages and / or powers above a respectively predetermined limit value. Accordingly, the maximum rated data of electrical components which are connected downstream of the protective device can advantageously be reduced. With the protective device, an electrical consumer can also be safely disconnected from the voltage connection in order to meet explosion protection requirements.
• the protective device typically has an overcurrent protection and an overvoltage protection connected downstream of the overcurrent protection.
• the overvoltage protection can short-circuit the voltage when a voltage limit value is reached, so that a short-circuit current flows through the overcurrent fuse, which can subsequently trip when a nominal current is reached in order to interrupt the current flow.
• a protective device which, in addition to a first overcurrent fuse and an overvoltage limiter, has an additional overcurrent fuse.
• a first fuse can be connected downstream of a second fuse, which trips at a lower rated current than the first fuse.
• the first overvoltage limiter and the additional overcurrent protection can be a clamping circuit, which can be triggered by two separate voltage limit switches, in particular differently dimensioned Z diodes.
• the disclosure relates to a protective device for the overcurrent and overvoltage-protected transmission of electrical energy from a voltage connection to an electrical consumer, the voltage connection having two poles.
• the protective device comprises a first fuse circuit, which is designed to prevent the line current from flowing when the line current reaches a first nominal current from the voltage connection to the electrical consumer.
• the protective device comprises an overvoltage protection circuit which is connected downstream of the first fuse circuit and is connected upstream of the electrical consumer.
• the overvoltage protection circuit is designed to connect the poles of the voltage connection in an electrically low-resistance manner when a first voltage limit value of a voltage is reached at the voltage connection in order to force a line current which triggers the first rated current in order to trigger the first fuse circuit.
• the protective device comprises a second fuse circuit, which is connected downstream of the overvoltage protection circuit and upstream of the electrical consumer.
• the second fuse circuit is designed to prevent the line current from flowing when the line current reaches a second rated current.
• the second rated current depends on the electrical consumer.
• the second rated current is smaller than the first rated current in order to prevent a current flow with a correspondingly lower short-circuit current to the electrical consumer.
• the protective device can be a combination of an overcurrent fuse and a clamping circuit (crowbar), with which an electrical consumer prevents the flow of an electric current with a current strength above a current strength permitted for the electrical load and / or the application of a voltage above one for the consumer permissible maximum voltage can be secured.
• a combination of the limitation of the current strength and the voltage can also define a maximum electrical power that the consumer can implement.
• the protective device can be arranged, for example, in a signal input of an isolation amplifier in order to be able to reduce the maximum rated data of downstream electrical components. Furthermore, the protective device can form an explosion protection in order to enable operation of the downstream electrical components in an explosive environment and / or atmospheres.
• the protective device can be connected downstream of an energy feed of an electrical consumer in order to be able to expect predetermined current, voltage and / or power values after the protective device.
• electronic circuits connected downstream of the protective device can have smaller air and / or creepage distances, since a reduced voltage and / or current level can be expected.
• the advantage can be achieved that the electrical parameters, in particular the maximum rated current, between electronic components which are connected downstream of the second fuse circuit can be set more flexibly.
• the second fuse circuit can be designed as a chip fuse, which has reduced component dimensions compared to the first fuse circuit. Furthermore, electrical components which are connected downstream of the second fuse circuit can have reduced component dimensions and / or reduced performance data compared to an arrangement after the first fuse circuit.
• the voltage connection for the fuse circuit can in particular be formed by a circuit which is connected between an energy supply network and the Fuse circuit is arranged.
• This intermediate stage can be, for example, a switching power supply and / or a voltage converter.
• the second rated current can be less than the first rated current.
• electrical consumers connected downstream of the second fuse circuit can have lower nominal currents and can be produced correspondingly more cost-effectively and / or less.
• a voltage transformer can be arranged between the first fuse circuit and the second fuse circuit, which is designed to increase or decrease the voltage of the voltage connection.
• the voltage transformer can, for example, be designed to reduce a voltage from 24 V to 5 V.
• Electrical consumers connected downstream of the second fuse circuit can be designed for a higher current intensity than the first fuse circuit, so that the second nominal current is greater than the first nominal current.
• the protective device can be a back-up fuse which is connected downstream of an energy feed in order to provide current, voltage and / or power values to electrical consumers which are connected downstream of the protective device. Insulation distances between electrical components of an electrical consumer can in particular be adapted to a maximum voltage level, for example of 50 V.
• the protective device can be followed, for example, by a switched-mode power supply which increases or decreases the output voltage of the energy feed. In particular, a voltage in the range from 20 V to 30 V can be reduced to a voltage from 3 V to 12 V.
• a downstream isolating element, for example a transformer, can accordingly be dimensioned for lower maximum voltages than would be possible using a conventional crowbar circuit.
• the first fuse circuit can be designed to prevent the line current from flowing at a prospective short-circuit current of 1500 A, and the overvoltage protection circuit limits the voltage to an adjustable voltage value, for example 18 V.
• the second fuse circuit can be designed to flow a line current with a To prevent current below the short-circuit current protected by the first fuse circuit.
• parameters for protecting downstream electronic circuits can be selected from a wide range of parameters, since the second fuse circuit can be designed as a chip fuse and can accordingly be produced in a large number of designs.
• a protective device can be composed of electronic components which have a high availability on the market and can therefore be produced efficiently and inexpensively.
• the second nominal current which is in particular a second prospective short-circuit current
• the first nominal current which is in particular a first prospective short-circuit current
• the overvoltage protection circuit is designed to reduce a nominal voltage of the second fuse circuit.
• the first fuse circuit and the second fuse circuit each have an overcurrent protection fuse, in particular a fuse and / or a circuit breaker, the overcurrent protection fuse being designed when the first rated current or the second rated current is reached, the electrical connection between the voltage connection and the electrical consumer to separate or to separate after a predetermined time interval after reaching the first rated current or the second rated current.
• an overcurrent protection fuse in particular a fuse and / or a circuit breaker
• the predetermined time interval can be determined by a triggering delay of the respective fuse, in which a wire element of the fuse is heated and melted by the current flow.
• the tripping delay of the overcurrent protection fuse in the first protection circuit can be greater than the tripping delay of the overcurrent protection fuse in the second protection circuit.
• the first overcurrent protection fuse is used for the subsequent disconnection of the electrical connection between the voltage connection and the electrical consumer after the semiconductor switch has switched.
• a line current with a current above the first nominal current, which triggers the first overcurrent protection fuse flows via the semiconductor switch and thus not to the electrical consumer.
• the second overcurrent protection fuse can protect the electrical consumer from a line current with a current intensity that could damage the electrical consumer. The second overcurrent protection fuse can therefore trip faster and at a lower current than the first overcurrent protection fuse.
• the first protection circuit and / or the second protection circuit are designed to interrupt an electrical connection between the voltage connection and the electrical consumer when a short-circuit current flows through the overvoltage protection circuit, in order to ensure that the line current flows at a current strength above the first rated current and / or prevent above the second rated current to the electrical consumer.
• the electrical connection can be interrupted by means of a blocking semiconductor element, a mechanical switching contact or by means of a defined melting of the overcurrent protection fuse. Accordingly, disconnection of the electrical connection can be carried out reversibly or, in the case of defined melting, can be carried out irreversibly.
• manual intervention may be necessary in order to put the circuit back into operation. For example, it may be necessary to replace one of the overcurrent protection fuses and / or to correct the cause of the overvoltage or overcurrent.
• the second fuse circuit has at least two current paths, which are each designed to transmit electrical energy to an electrical consumer, an overcurrent protection fuse being arranged in each of the current paths.
• the overcurrent protection fuses in the current paths are designed to trip at different nominal currents in order to prevent current flow in the respective current path.
• the first fuse circuit and / or the second fuse circuit are designed to detect a component and / or ambient temperature and to trigger and / or activate the overvoltage protection circuit when the component and / or ambient temperature reaches a temperature limit Prevent flow of current from the voltage connection to the electrical consumer. This has the advantage that the electrical consumer can be protected against thermal loads.
• the second fuse circuit is designed to provide the electrical consumer with a reduced maximum electrical power compared to the composite consisting of the first fuse circuit and the overvoltage protection circuit by limiting the line current to the second nominal current.
• the overcurrent protection fuse can be connected downstream of the electrical consumer.
• FIG. 1 shows a protective device in one embodiment
• Fig. 2 shows a protective device in one embodiment.
• the protective device 100 comprises a first fuse circuit 105, which is designed to prevent the line current from flowing when the line current reaches a first nominal current from the voltage connection 101 to the electrical load 103.
• the protective device 100 further comprises an overvoltage protection circuit 107, which is connected downstream of the first fuse circuit 105 and is connected upstream of the electrical consumer 103.
• the overvoltage protection circuit 107 is designed to electrically conductively connect the poles of the voltage connection 101 when a first voltage limit value of a voltage at the voltage connection 101 is reached, in order to force a line current which triggers the first rated current to trigger the first fuse circuit 105.
• the protection device 100 further comprises a second fuse circuit 109, which is connected downstream of the overvoltage protection circuit 107 and is connected upstream of the electrical load 103.
• the second fuse circuit 109 is designed to prevent the line current from flowing when the line current reaches a second rated current. The second rated current is less than the first rated current.
• the overvoltage protection circuit 107 comprises a semiconductor switch 111, in particular a thyristor, which is electrically parallel with the poles of the
• Voltage connection 101 is connected and has a control input 113.
• the semiconductor switch 111 is designed to connect the poles of the voltage connection 101 in an electrically conductive manner with a control signal applied to the control input 113 and to break the electrical connection of the poles of the voltage connection 101 when the line current falls below the minimum current value.
• the overvoltage device 107 comprises a voltage limit switch 115, in particular a Z diode with a switch input 117 and a
• the voltage limit switch 115 is connected via the switch input 117 to the first fuse circuit 105 and via the
• Switch output 119 is connected to the control input 113 of the semiconductor switch 111. Furthermore, the voltage limit switch 115 is designed to provide the control signal when the first voltage limit value is reached by the voltage at the voltage connection 101 at the switch output 119.
• the overvoltage protection circuit 107 further comprises a resistor 121, which is connected downstream of the switch output 119 of the voltage limit switch 115 and is arranged with the voltage limit switch 115 electrically in parallel with the poles of the voltage connection 101.
• the control input 113 is connected to the switch output 119 of the voltage limit switch 115 and the resistor 121, the resistor 121 being designed to provide a control signal when the voltage limit switch 115 is switched at the control input 113, in particular in the form of part of the voltage at the voltage connection 101 to switch the semiconductor switch 111.
• the first fuse circuit 105 and the second fuse circuit 109 each have an overcurrent protection fuse 123, 125, in particular a fuse.
• the overcurrent protection device 123 is formed when the first one is reached Current limit value to separate the electrical connection between the voltage connection 101 and the electrical consumer 103 or to disconnect after a predetermined time interval after reaching the first rated current.
• the overcurrent fuse 125 is designed to disconnect the electrical connection between the voltage connection 101 and the electrical consumer 103 when the second rated current is reached, or to disconnect it after a predetermined time interval after the second current limit value has been reached.
• the protective device 100 comprises a first one
• Fuse circuit 105 which is designed to prevent the line current from flowing when a first nominal current is reached by a line current from the voltage connection 101 to the electrical consumers 103, 205.
• the protection device 100 further comprises an overvoltage protection circuit 107, which is connected downstream of the first fuse circuit 105 and is connected upstream of the electrical consumers 103, 205.
• the overvoltage protection circuit 107 is designed to electrically conductively connect the poles of the voltage connection 101 when a first voltage limit value of a voltage at the voltage connection 101 is reached, in order to force a line current which triggers the first rated circuit to trigger the first fuse circuit 105.
• the protection device 100 further comprises a second fuse circuit 109, which is connected downstream of the overvoltage protection circuit 107 and is connected upstream of the electrical consumers 103, 205.
• the second fuse circuit 109 has two current paths 201-1, 201-2, which are each designed to transmit electrical energy to an electrical consumer 103, 205, respectively.
• An overcurrent protection device 125, 203 is arranged in each of the current paths 201-1, 201-2.
• the overcurrent protection device 125 is designed to prevent the current from flowing through the current path 201-1 when a second rated current of a current flow through the current path 201-1 is reached.
• the overcurrent protection fuses 203 are designed to prevent the current from flowing through the current path 201-2 when a third rated current of a current flow through the current path 201-2 is reached.
• the second rated current and the third rated current may each be less than the first Rated current.
• the overcurrent protection fuses 125, 203 are designed to trip at different nominal current in order to prevent current flow in the respective current path 201-1, 201-2.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=62816276

Family Applications (1)

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• 2018
  • 2018-06-13 BE BE20185390A patent/BE1026371B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2019
  • 2019-05-22 CN CN201980036911.0A patent/CN112602243B/zh active Active
  • 2019-05-22 JP JP2020567608A patent/JP7110404B2/ja active Active
  • 2019-05-22 US US16/973,492 patent/US11276999B2/en active Active
  • 2019-05-22 EP EP19725362.8A patent/EP3807968A1/de active Pending
  • 2019-05-22 WO PCT/EP2019/063240 patent/WO2019238370A1/de unknown

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