EP3800418A1 - Heat exchanger, refrigerating or heating system with such a heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger (2) having a jacket (10) through which a first medium (A) can flow, with at least one first inlet (11) and at least one first outlet (12), at least one through which a second medium (B) can flow Tube (30), wherein the tube (30) is guided through the jacket (10) and has at least one second inlet (31) and at least one second outlet (32), wherein a deflection segment (50) or in the jacket (10) several deflecting segments (50) are arranged in a row in a longitudinal axis (X), the deflecting segment (50) being formed from at least two subsections (51, 52) which overlap and cross over regions transversely to the longitudinal axis (X).

Description

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger with the features of claim 1, as well as a deflection segment with the features of claim 18 and a cooling or heating system with the features of claim 19.

From the prior art, heat exchangers in different configurations are known and are used to transfer heat between a first medium and a second medium and vice versa. Heat exchangers typically have a jacket through which the first medium flows, with at least one tube, but often a whole bundle of several tubes inserted in the jacket, transporting the heat from the first medium to the second medium and vice versa through their walls can be.

Heat exchangers are used in refrigeration systems or heating systems as liquefiers (condensers), evaporators, oil coolers or desuperheaters. The first medium can be a refrigerant that is cooled or liquefied by means of compression in a heat-emitting heat exchanger or is evaporated again after the expansion process by absorbing heat by heating. In many applications it is desirable for a phase transition from vapor to liquid or from liquid to vapor to take place in the heat exchanger, since additional thermal energy in the form of latent heat can be transported by the refrigerant through the phase transition.

In the past, heat exchangers with a circular jacket cross-section, the deflecting elements, have proven their worth for generating a helical flow around the at least one tube in the jacket space formed by the jacket. By means of the deflecting elements, the first medium is guided helically or helically along a flow path through the jacket of the heat exchanger, and a flow that rotates around an axis is established. The axis essentially corresponds to a longitudinal axis of a longitudinal extension of the jacket. The helical or helical flow within the shell space enables particularly good heat transfer between the first medium and the at least one tube in the shell space and, at the same time, low pressure loss in the shell space.

To form the helical or helical flow in the shell space, various deflection elements are previously known from the prior art, by means of which the desired flow path is imposed on the flow. For example, from the EP 1 965 165 B1 four deflection elements arranged in the manner of a propeller or a helical structure arranged continuously in the shell space are previously known.

Another generic heat exchanger is from the EP 0 117 820 A1 previously known. In the shell space, semicircular deflection elements are arranged along the longitudinal axis in several rows, through which the medium is forced into a helical flow path.

In this prior art, it has proven to be disadvantageous that the known heat exchangers have a relatively high pressure loss with a low power density. In addition, the heat exchangers with deflection elements known from the prior art are complex to manufacture and assemble.

This is where the present invention begins.

It is the object of the present invention to provide an expediently improved heat exchanger which eliminates the disadvantages of known heat exchangers and is easy to manufacture. The heat exchanger should have deflection elements that can be arranged in a space-saving manner and enable a high packing density for the heat-transferring tubes, as a result of which a high power density with a low pressure loss should be realizable.

These objects are achieved according to the invention by a heat exchanger with the features of claim 1, by a deflection segment with the features of claim 18 and by a refrigeration or heating system with the features of claim 19.

Further advantageous refinements of the present invention are specified in the subclaims.

The heat exchanger according to the invention with the features of claim 1 has a jacket through which a first medium can flow, with a jacket space with at least one first inlet and at least one first outlet and at least one tube through which a second medium can flow, the at least one tube for heat transfer with the first medium is passed through the jacket space and has at least one second inlet and at least one second outlet. The jacket can preferably be hollow-cylindrical and surrounds a jacket space which can flow through the first medium introduced through the at least one first inlet and discharged through the at least one first outlet. At least one The pipe is configured to conduct the second medium through the jacket space of the jacket in a pressure-tight and leak-free manner and to transfer heat Q between the first medium and the second medium and vice versa. Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention that a deflecting segment or several deflecting segments is or are arranged in a row along a longitudinal axis in the jacket, the respective deflecting segment being formed from at least two subsections which, viewed in the longitudinal axis - or transversely to the longitudinal axis - are arranged overlapping in areas. The longitudinal axis is given by the jacket. By definition, the direction of the longitudinal axis corresponds to the greatest extent of the jacket, wherein the longitudinal axis can approximately form an axis of symmetry of the jacket.

Due to the overlapping arrangement of the at least two subsections, the flow guidance of the first medium in the jacket is improved, pressure losses are reduced and the flow around the at least one tube is improved for optimal heat transfer.

Here and in the following, an overlapping arrangement of the at least two subsections is understood to mean an arrangement of the subsections projected onto the cross-sectional area of the jacket in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the projected total area of the at least two subsections being greater than the cross-sectional area of the jacket, or in other words the projected area of the respective subsection is greater than half the cross-sectional area of the shell.

The subsections are preferably plate-shaped and can be made of any material. The sections can be made of a weldable material, for example a thermoplastic or metal.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the at least two subsections can be plugged into one another and / or cohesively connected to one another, with a form fit between the two subsections being implemented when the subsections are plugged into one another. The cohesive connection between the at least two subsections can be produced by welding or gluing or during primary shaping or reshaping. The material connection between the at least two subsections can also be formed in an additive process, for example by means of 3D printing. The nested and / or cohesive connection of the at least two partial sections of the deflection segment enables the at least one deflection segment to be formed without support structures, so that the shell space can be optimally used to increase the power density.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the subsections of a deflection segment intersect in a first plug-in area and that the first plug-in area is formed by a recess in at least one of the at least two subsections. The first plug-in area can also be referred to as an intersection area. All subsections preferably have a recess that corresponds to one another and preferably of the same shape. When they are plugged into one another, this results in a symmetrical configuration of the overlap of the at least two subsections on the other side of the cutout.

Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous if the first plug-in area is arranged on the longitudinal axis. Especially it has proven to be advantageous if the plug-in area is formed along a pivot axis which is oriented orthogonally to the longitudinal axis and can intersect the longitudinal axis.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the sections intersect in the pivot axis orthogonally to the longitudinal axis. For this purpose, the two subsections are pivoted from a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis about the pivot axis in opposite directions, so that they intersect in the pivot axis. An angle α is established between the two subsections on both sides of the plane, the following applies to the angle α: 10 ° ≤ α 150 °. It is particularly preferred if the angle α is approx. 30 ° α 90 °, since it has been found that a high power density of the heat exchanger can be achieved in this angle range and the pressure losses are low.

Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous if the recess forms an angle stop which defines the angle α. When producing a deflection segment, the at least two subsections can first be plugged into one another and then pivoted relative to one another about the pivot axis. When the angle α is reached, the respective subsections strike against the angular stop of the respective other subsection, which is formed from an edge region of the recess.

A further development of the heat exchanger provides that in a row of deflection segments the angle α of at least two deflection segments is dimensioned differently. In particular, it is preferred if the angle α along the longitudinal axis between the first inlet and the first outlet increases or decreases. By changing the angle α along the longitudinal axis, the flow channel through which the first medium flows can be widened or tapered and there is, for example, the possibility of taking into account changes in density of the first medium along the flow path in order to determine the flow velocity of the first medium along the helical flow path between the to keep the first inlet and the first outlet approximately constant.

It has also proven to be advantageous if the at least two partial sections overlap with a degree of overlap, the degree of overlap being at least 1 mm and not greater than half a distance between diametrical sides transversely to the longitudinal axis of the jacket. In the case of a jacket with a circular cylindrical cross section, this distance is the diameter. Thus, the amount of overlap should be equal to or smaller than half the diameter. The amount of overlap describes the mean value in which the at least two subsections of the deflection segment overlap, the amount of overlap being measured parallel to the pivot axis.

According to the present invention, the respective subsection can be a subsection of an ellipse or an oval. In particular, it is preferred if the respective subsection is made from a plate-shaped starting material. The circumferential side surfaces of the respective subsection can be perpendicular to a main surface of the plate-shaped segment, as a result of which the production method can be designed particularly efficiently and inexpensively. It can also be advantageous, in particular with regard to the production method, if the at least two subsections of a deflection segment are designed to be identical or mirror-symmetrical. The respective subsections can be provided by an identical manufacturing process, whereby both cost structures and the design of the manufacturing processes can be optimized.

It has furthermore proven to be advantageous if the respective partial section has a recess which is adapted to the at least one tube and through which the at least one tube can be passed. In particular, it has proven to be advantageous if the recess has an elliptical or oval shape which has a circular surface projected parallel to the longitudinal axis. The side surfaces of the recess can be formed perpendicular to the main surface of the subsection.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that two deflecting segments adjacent in a row are connected to one another. The subsections of two adjacent deflecting segments in the row preferably intersect in a second plug-in area, the second plug-in area being formed by a second recess which is formed in at least one of the at least two subsections of at least one deflecting segment. As a result, two adjacent deflecting segments can be connected to one another by being plugged into one another in a manner analogous to the two subsections of a deflecting segment, and a dimensionally stable cage can be formed from a plurality of deflecting segments.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, the jacket can have a distributor cover, deflection cover and / or a collecting cover at one end region. The collecting cover connects the at least one first inlet and the at least one first outlet to the at least one tube. Collector and distributor covers can also be designed as combined covers, with a corresponding subdivision in the combined cover. The deflection cover connects two spaced apart tubes and enables the direction of flow to be reversed. The second medium can flow through the pipes by means of one or more deflection covers in more than one pass (the so-called "pass"), with the number preferably being even if there is more than one pass. The deflection covers can also have a combined design and be subdivided into several areas that enable successive deflections. Combined distribution, diverting and collecting covers realize the function of a distributor cover, a collecting cover and the function of a diverting cover in one through separated areas. The at least one tube can also be U-shaped, in which case no deflection cover is required, but the flow reversal is achieved by means of a tube bend.

In addition, it has proven to be advantageous if the at least one first inlet of the jacket is directed transversely to the longitudinal axis and the at least one first inlet opens between the at least two subsections of a deflection segment, in particular centrally between the at least two subsections of a deflection segment. In the event that several deflection segments are arranged in a row along the longitudinal axis, it is preferred that the at least one first inlet opens between the at least two subsections of a first deflection segment in the row. It is special preferred if the at least one first inlet is directed not only transversely to the longitudinal axis, but also transversely to the pivot axis.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if an impact element is arranged between the longitudinal axis and the at least one first inlet, the normal vector of a normal plane preferably pointing to the first inlet. However, the impact element can also be arranged inclined between the longitudinal axis and the at least one first inlet in order to deflect the entering first medium. In particular, it is preferred if the impact element is arranged between the at least one pipe and the first inlet. The baffle element can be designed as a baffle plate and avoids wear on the at least one pipe. The impact element also serves to divide the first medium entering through the at least one first inlet into a first flow path and a second flow path. The first flow path and the second flow path are forced into a helical or helical course by the at least one deflecting segment, as a result of which a double-helical flow arises.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it has proven to be advantageous if the impact element is diamond-shaped in a normal plane, so that when the first medium hits the impact element, the flow is distributed in different directions in the shell space. In addition, this can reduce the pressure loss. The impact element can furthermore be designed as an SD impact element and for dividing the first medium entering through the at least one first inlet into a first flow path and into a second flow path the side facing the inlet have a 3D shape for flow-optimized deflection. The 3-D shape can, for example, be a wedge, a cone, a pyramid or the like. be.

Furthermore, it has proven to be advantageous if the subsections of a deflection segment and / or the subsections are rigidly connected to one another in a row of adjacent deflection segments. In particular, it is preferred if the subsections are made from a weldable material and can be rigidly connected to one another by means of welding. Thermoplastic plastic materials can also be used, whereby the subsections do not necessarily have to be rigidly connected to one another by welding, regardless of the material, but also by material-locking and / or force-locking and / or form-locking connections such as gluing, clamps, screws, rivets or the like. possible are. The sub-sections of a deflection segment and / or the sub-sections in a number of adjacent deflection segments can also be formed in one piece with one another and, for example, produced by an additive method.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, it can prove to be advantageous if the at least one tube has an enlarged surface, in particular a surface enlarged by ribs or knobs. Due to the enlarged surface, on the one hand, the area made available for the heat transfer is enlarged and, on the other hand, the degree of turbulence of the second medium flowing around is increased, whereby the heat transfer can be further increased.

In addition, the present invention relates to a deflection segment for a heat exchanger, wherein the respective deflection segment is formed from at least two subsections which are arranged at least partially overlapping transversely to a longitudinal axis, and wherein the at least two subsections transversely to the longitudinal axis are crossed and plugged into one another or crossed and cohesively connected can be arranged.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a refrigeration or heating system with at least one heat exchanger according to the invention.

Figur 1

eine schematische und stark vereinfachte Kälteanlage mit zwei Wärmeübertragern, einem Verdichter und einem Expansionsorgan,

Figur 2

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines der Wärmeübertrager gemäß Figur 1, wobei der Wärmeübertrager einen durch einen Mantel gebildeten Mantelraum aufweist, in dem Umlenksegmente und ein einzelnes Rohr oder ein Bündel aus mehreren Rohren angeordnet sind,

Figur 3

eine vereinfachte perspektivische Darstellung der in dem Mantelraum angeordneten Komponenten,

Figur 4

eine vereinfachte perspektivische Darstellung der in einer Reihe angeordneten Umlenksegmente, welche jeweils aus einem ersten Teilabschnitt und einem zweiten Teilabschnitt gebildet sind,

Figur 5

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung des Wärmeübertragers gemäß Figur 2,

Figur 6a

eine Detaildarstellung gemäß Figur 5,

Figur 6b

eine zweite Detaildarstellung gemäß Figur 5,

Figur 7a

eine Draufsicht auf den ersten Teilabschnitt und den zweiten Teilabschnitt,

Figur 7b

eine Ansicht in Richtung X auf ein Umlenksegment, das durch ein Ineinanderstecken und Verschwenken des ersten und zweiten Teilabschnitts gemäß Figur 7a gebildet ist,

Figuren 8a-d

Schnittdarstellungen von Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeübertragers,

Figuren 9a

eine vereinfachte perspektivische Darstellung einer Weiterbildung eines integral ausgebildeten Umlenksegments, und

Figur 9b

eine vereinfachte perspektivische Darstellung einer in Reihe angeordneter Umlenksegmente gemäß Figur 9a.

An exemplary embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention and three further developments thereof are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Figure 1

a schematic and greatly simplified refrigeration system with two heat exchangers, a compressor and an expansion device,

Figure 2

a schematic sectional view of one of the heat exchangers according to FIG Figure 1 , wherein the heat exchanger has a jacket space formed by a jacket, in which deflection segments and a single tube or a bundle of several tubes are arranged,

Figure 3

a simplified perspective illustration of the components arranged in the shell space,

Figure 4

a simplified perspective illustration of the deflection segments arranged in a row, which are each formed from a first section and a second section,

Figure 5

a schematic sectional view of the heat exchanger according to Figure 2 ,

Figure 6a

a detailed representation according to Figure 5 ,

Figure 6b

a second detailed representation according to Figure 5 ,

Figure 7a

a plan view of the first section and the second section,

Figure 7b

a view in the direction X of a deflection segment, which is made by inserting and pivoting the first and second subsections according to FIG Figure 7a is formed

Figures 8a-d

Sectional representations of developments of the heat exchanger according to the invention,

Figures 9a

a simplified perspective illustration of a development of an integrally formed deflection segment, and

Figure 9b

a simplified perspective illustration of a deflecting segments arranged in a row according to FIG Figure 9a .

Identical or functionally identical components are identified with the same reference symbols. In addition, not all identical or functionally identical components are provided with a reference number in the figures.

Figure 1 shows a refrigeration system 1, having a compressor 3, two heat exchangers 2 and an expansion element 4. The medium coming from the compressor 3 is passed to a first heat exchanger 2 and liquefied by releasing heat. The medium is then passed via an expansion element 4 to the second heat exchanger 2, the heat from a second medium B to be cooled being able to be absorbed by the first medium A in the second heat exchanger 2, whereby the medium A of the refrigeration circuit evaporates again and is removed from the compressor for renewed compression 3 is sucked in.

The heat exchanger 2 can be used both in the in Figure 1 shown refrigeration system, as well as in a heating system - also called a heat pump - can be used. The heat exchanger 2 can also be used to de-heat oil or other liquid or gaseous media, wherein the respective medium can also undergo a phase change from liquid to vapor and vice versa in the heat exchanger 2.

The sectional view according to Figure 2 shows that the heat exchanger 2 has a jacket 10 with a first inlet 11 and a first outlet 12. The jacket 10 defines a longitudinal axis X and is thus arranged coaxially to it. In the illustrated embodiment, the jacket 10 is essentially hollow and circular cylindrical with an inner diameter D. In addition, the jacket 10 has a first end region 14 and a second end region 15, the jacket space 20 formed by the jacket 10 being closed at the end regions 14, 15.

A first medium A can be introduced into the jacket 10 or its jacket space 20 through the first inlet 11 and exit again through the first outlet 12, wherein the first inlet 11 can be arranged adjacent to the first end region 14 and the first outlet 12 can be arranged adjacent to the second end region 15. The first inlet 11 and the first outlet 12 can be arranged on diametrical sides of the shell 10.

Furthermore, the heat exchanger 2 comprises a bundle, formed from several tubes 30, which are guided through the jacket 10 or the jacket space 20 parallel to the longitudinal axis X and extend between the first end region 14 and the second end region 15. The respective tube 30 is connected to a second inlet 31 and a second outlet 32 and a second medium B can flow through it. The respective tube 30 is configured to separate the first medium A in the jacket space 20 from the second medium B in the respective tube 30 and to transfer a heat flow Q through the wall of the tube 30 between the two media A, B. The two directions in which the heat flow Q can develop are in Figure 6a represented symbolically by means of a double arrow line.

The first inlet 11 and the second inlet 31 as well as the first outlet 12 and the second outlet 32 can also be arranged on diametrical sides of the jacket 10, whereby the heat exchanger 2 with the counterflow principle along the first medium A and the second medium B in opposite directions the longitudinal axis X leads past each other.

The respective pipe 30 opens in the first end region 14 and in the second end region 15 in a distribution or collecting cover 17 which, depending on the direction of flow of the medium B, the second medium B from the second inlet 31 to the pipes 30 or collects the second medium B from the bundle of tubes 30 and directs it to the second outlet 32.

The jacket 10 or the jacket space 20 is closed in the first end area 14 and in the second end area 15 by a tube sheet 16, whereby the second medium B in the distribution or collection cover 17 is separated from the first medium A in the jacket space 20. The tubes 30 can penetrate the tube sheets 16 and are connected to them, for example, by welding, soldering, flanging or gluing.

The second inlet 31 is arranged at the second end region 15 and the second outlet 32 is arranged at the first end region 14. For a better understanding, the individual flow paths of the first medium A and the second medium B are shown in FIG Figure 2 represented by arrow lines.

In the jacket space 20, a plurality of deflection segments 50 are arranged in a row along the longitudinal axis X. The respective deflection segment 50 consists of at least a first section 51 and a second section 52, which are arranged at least partially overlapping transversely to the longitudinal axis X and are arranged crossed in a pivot axis Y transversely to the longitudinal axis X. In this exemplary embodiment, the first section 51 and the second section 52 are crossed in the pivot axis Y transversely to the longitudinal axis X and are arranged one inside the other. Both the first section 51 and the second section 52 and the adjacent deflecting segments 50 - as will be explained in more detail below - are connected to one another and form a cage.

The tubes 30 are guided through recesses 55 in the deflection segments 50, the recesses 55 being adapted to the size of the Tubes 30 are adapted and encompass these at least in areas.

The perspective representations in the Figures 3 and 4th it can be seen that the row of deflection segments 50 forms the helical or screw-shaped cage. The first medium A flowing in through the first inlet 11 is guided through the cage along helical or helical flow paths from the first inlet 11 to the first outlet 12.

The first inlet 11 is directed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X and is furthermore preferably arranged in the longitudinal axis X in the center of a deflection segment 50. Between the longitudinal axis X and the first inlet 11, a baffle element 80 designed as a baffle plate is arranged with a normal plane. The normal vector of the normal plane points to the first inlet 11, as a result of which the first medium A flowing in through the first inlet 11 impinges on the impact element 80 and in two flow paths - see FIG Figure 2 - is split to form a double helix.

The first section 51 and the second section 52 intersect in a first plug-in area 60 which is arranged on the pivot axis Y. The respective first plug-in area 60 is - as in particular in the Figures 6a to 7b is shown - formed by a recess 62 both in the first section 51 and in the second section 52. The two recesses 62 of the first subsection 51 and of the second subsection 52 correspond to one another in shape and position and are taken out of the respective subsection 51, 52 in the shape of a cuboid.

The subsections 51, 52 are plate-shaped - preferably made of a weldable plastic or a metal - and are located in Figure 7a mirror-symmetrical to a line of symmetry S in a common plane. It can be seen from this illustration that the first subsection 51 and the second subsection 52 can be constructed identically.

The respective subsection 51, 52 is formed from a subsection of an oval or an ellipse and has an arcuate section 56 and a secant section 57. The arc length of the arc section 56 is greater than 0.5 times the circumference of the oval or ellipse. Furthermore, the recesses 55 are incorporated or molded into the subsections 51, 52, the recesses 55 also being oval or elliptical.

Also can Figures 7a and 7b it can be seen that the subsections 51, 52 each have two second recesses 72. The second recesses 72 are arranged symmetrically around the recess 62 in the secant section 57, the recess 62 being arranged in the center of the secant section 57. The distance between the recess 62 and the respective second recesses 72 is preferably 0.4 to 0.5 times the total length of the secant section 57.

A view in the direction X of the assembled deflection segment 50 is shown in FIG Figure 7b shown. The recesses 62 of the two sub-sections 51, 52 encompass the respective other sub-section 51, 52, as a result of which the sub-sections 51, 52 - as seen in the longitudinal axis X - overlap in some areas with an overlap dimension U. The degree of overlap U describes the mean distance between the secant sections 57 of the two Sub-sections 51, 52, the degree of overlap U being measured parallel to the pivot axis Y. The amount of overlap U thus indicates the amount by which the at least two subsections 51, 52 of the deflection segment 50 overlap or overlap. The overlap dimension U is greater than 1mm and should be less than or equal to D / 2. The following applies to the degree of overlap U: 1mm U U D / 2.

When the two subsections 51, 52 are plugged into one another, the edge areas of the recesses 62 form an angle stop 65 which can specify an angle α at which the first subsection 51 and the second subsection 52 intersect in the pivot axis Y. The angle a, see Figure 6b , arises between the two partial sections 51, 52 on both sides around a plane E which is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X and in the pivot axis Y. The following applies to the angle α: 10 ° α 150 ° and preferably 30 ° α 90.

The second recesses 72 are designed analogously to the recesses 62 and form the aforementioned connection between two adjacent deflection segments 50 in a second plug-in area 70. The previously described impact element 80 can be attached to the second cut-outs 72 in the plug-in area 70 and support the deflection segment 50 .

The side surfaces of the arched section 56, the secant section 57, the recesses 62, the second recesses 72 and / or the recesses 55 can be designed orthogonally to the main surfaces of the subsections 51, 52.

In the first plug-in area 60, the first section 51 and the second section 52 and / or in the second plug-in area 70, adjacent deflection segments 50 can be rigidly connected to one another. For the rigid connection, cohesive connections, in particular welding or gluing, are preferably used. The connection can also be brought about by a force fit and / or a form fit.

The heat exchanger 2 can be implemented in different, non-conclusively illustrated variants according to FIGS Figures 8a to 8d be trained.

The heat exchanger 2 according to Figure 8a corresponds to the previously described embodiment, during which the heat exchanger 2 according to FIGS Figures 8b to 8d differ in the guidance of the second medium B through the jacket 10. The second medium B is there repeatedly passed through the jacket for heat transfer, such repetitions also being referred to as a "pass".

By attaching a deflection cover 18 according to Figure 8b the second medium B can be deflected in the first end region 14 and passed through the jacket 10 or the jacket space 20 a repeated time. Both the second inlet 31 and the second outlet 32 are located in the second end region 15. Such a heat exchanger 2 is also called a “2-pass”.

Figure 8c shows a heat exchanger 2 with "4-pass". Both in the first end region 14 and in the second end region 15, the second medium B is deflected and again passed through the jacket 10 for the exchange of heat Q.

A so-called "U-Tube" is in Figure 8d shown, wherein the tubes 30 of the bundle are U-shaped and the second Conduct medium B from the second end area 15 to the first end area 14 and back.

Figure 9a shows a further development of a deflection segment 50. In contrast to the previously described deflection segment 50, the deflection segment 50 is formed integrally. In other words: the deflecting segment 50 is manufactured as one part. The first subsection 51 and the second subsection 52 are materially connected to one another in the pivot axis Y in a first connecting area 53. The connection area 53 can be reinforced with corresponding material thickenings in order to have a sufficiently high load-bearing capacity. The one-piece deflecting segment 50 or the first section 51 and the second section 52 can be produced in a primary molding process or in an additive process, for example 3D printing, 3D laser sintering or the like.

The deflection segment 50 according to Figure 9a may have second recesses 72 (not shown) which form the second plug-in region 70. Two integrally formed deflecting segments 50 or one integrally and one multi-part deflecting segment 50 can be plugged together in the second plug-in region 70 to form a row.

Alternatively, as in Figure 9b is shown, several deflecting segments 50 can be integrally formed, it may be advantageous if the impact element 80 is or are also integrally formed with the deflecting element 50 or the deflecting elements 50. Adjacent deflecting elements 50 are connected to one another in a second connecting area 54. Alternatively, the entirety of all deflection segments and possibly the baffle plate can be designed as an integral component.

List of reference symbols

1

Refrigeration system

2

Heat exchanger

3

compressor

4th

Expansion device

10

coat

11

first admission

12th

first outlet

14th

first end area

15th

second end area

16

Tube sheet

17th

Collecting lid

18th

Reversing cover

30th

pipe

31

second inlet

32

second outlet

50

Deflection segment

51

first section

52

second section

53

first connection area

54

second connection area

55

Recess

56

Arch section

57

Secant section

60

first mating area

62

Recess

65

Angle stop

70

second mating area

72

second recess

80

Impact element

A.

first medium

B.

second medium

D.

distance

S.

Line of symmetry

U

Overlap dimension

X

Longitudinal axis

Y

Swivel axis

Claims (19)

Heat exchanger (2) having: - A jacket (10) through which a first medium (A) can flow and having at least one first inlet (11) and at least one first outlet (12), - At least one pipe (30) through which a second medium (B) can flow, the pipe (30) being guided through the jacket (10) and having at least one second inlet (31) and at least one second outlet (32), - wherein a deflection segment (50) or several deflection segments (50) are arranged in a row in a longitudinal axis (X) in the jacket (10), and - wherein the deflection segment (50) is formed from at least two subsections (51, 52) which are arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis (X) in areas overlapping and crossed. Heat exchanger (2) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the two subsections (51, 52) are plugged into one another and / or connected in a materially bonded manner transversely to the longitudinal axis (X). Heat exchanger (2) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
the sub-sections (51, 52) of a deflection segment (50) intersect in a first plug-in area (60), and that the first plug-in area (60) is formed by a recess (62) in at least one of the two sub-sections (51, 52). Heat exchanger (2) according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the first plug-in area (60) is arranged on the longitudinal axis (X). Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the sections (51, 52) are arranged pivoted in opposite directions from a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (X), and that the following applies to an angle (α) which extends on both sides of the plane between the sections (51, 52): 10 ° ≤ α ≤ 150 °. Heat exchanger (2) according to claim 5,
characterized in that
in a row of deflection segments (50) the angle (α) of at least two deflection segments (50) is dimensioned differently. Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the at least two subsections (51, 52) overlap with an overlap dimension (U), and that D / 2 U mm 1mm, where D is a distance between diametrical sides transverse to the longitudinal axis (X). Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the respective subsection (51, 52) is a subsection of an oval. Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the at least two subsections (51, 52) of a deflection segment (50) are designed with mirror symmetry. Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the respective partial section (51, 52) has a recess (55) which is adapted to the at least one tube (30) and through which the tube (30) can be passed. Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the subsections (51, 52) of two in the row adjacent deflection segments (50) cross in at least one second plug-in area (70), and that the second plug-in area (70) through at least one second recess (72) in at least one of the at least two Part sections (51, 52) of at least one deflection segment (50) is formed. Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the jacket (10) has a deflecting cover (18) and / or a collecting cover (17) at one end region (14, 15). Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the at least one first inlet (11) of the jacket (10) is directed transversely to the longitudinal axis (X), and that the at least one first inlet (11) opens between the at least two subsections (51, 52) of a deflection segment (50), in particular directed to the first mating area (60). Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that a baffle element (80) is arranged between the longitudinal axis (X) and the at least one first inlet (11). Heat exchanger (2) according to claim 14,
characterized in that
the impact element (80) is diamond-shaped in a normal plane. Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the subsections (51, 52) of a deflection segment (50) and / or the subsections (51, 52) in the row of adjacent deflection segments (50) are rigidly connected to one another or form a part. Heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the at least one tube (30) has an enlarged surface, in particular a surface enlarged by ribs or knobs. Deflection segment (50) for a heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims. Cooling or heating system (1) having a heat exchanger (2) according to one of the preceding claims.

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