EP3797845A1 - Versatile robust construction toy - Google Patents

Versatile robust construction toy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3797845A1
EP3797845A1 EP20202455.0A EP20202455A EP3797845A1 EP 3797845 A1 EP3797845 A1 EP 3797845A1 EP 20202455 A EP20202455 A EP 20202455A EP 3797845 A1 EP3797845 A1 EP 3797845A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
post
component part
connector
post connector
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20202455.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert KLAUBER
Richard Roth
Brian KLAUBER
Susan Klauber
Joseph George
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Creative Toys LLC
Original Assignee
Creative Toys LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Creative Toys LLC filed Critical Creative Toys LLC
Publication of EP3797845A1 publication Critical patent/EP3797845A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/10—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled by means of additional non-adhesive elements
    • A63H33/101—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled by means of additional non-adhesive elements with clip or snap mechanism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/042—Mechanical, electrical, optical, pneumatic or hydraulic arrangements; Motors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/06—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements
    • A63H33/062—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements with clip or snap mechanisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/06—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements
    • A63H33/08—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled without the use of additional elements provided with complementary holes, grooves, or protuberances, e.g. dovetails
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/04—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts
    • A63H33/10—Building blocks, strips, or similar building parts to be assembled by means of additional non-adhesive elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/26—Magnetic or electric toys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H33/00—Other toys
    • A63H33/28—Soap-bubble toys; Smoke toys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63H—TOYS, e.g. TOPS, DOLLS, HOOPS OR BUILDING BLOCKS
    • A63H5/00—Musical or noise- producing devices for additional toy effects other than acoustical

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a construction toy comprising parts that allow a wide number of 2D and 3D geometric structures to be easily constructed, and has particular application to an improved means for joining subparts into various shapes, thereby providing enhanced strength, durability, safety, versatility and usability over prior art toys.
  • the means for joining permits the creation of unique shapes, and thus promotes the expression of more unencumbered creativity than prior art.
  • Such magnetically bound structures are not overly strong or durable, and cannot support relatively minor downward force or side loading without collapse or shape deformation. This makes the formation of closed compartments or boxes problematic, because such boxes are structurally weak and thus not capable of being utilized for much other than visual appeal. Additionally, although some hinging is possible, it is impractical and cumbersome, and this inhibits construction of model doors and gates, box lids/tops, or any other type of swinging device.
  • rare earth magnets are employed to increase the holding force of the structures, and these stronger magnets have an additional price premium when compared to cheaper and lighter materials such as plastic or wood.
  • magnetic toys have scale limitations, as larger size requires stronger magnets to support a given structure. Larger versions of such toys would then become both expensive and potentially dangerous due to the strength of the magnet required to support the load. Additionally, the heavier weight would become excessive for children, and make the toy neither safe nor fun.
  • hinges of various types, allowing component parts to swing relative to one another at different angles. With these, each side of the hinge is typically built into, and part of, a component part. When the component parts are juxtaposed, the two sides interlock, but allow a swinging motion. For most of these, such as those of Lyman, Mayr, Volgger, and Svagerko, the hinge is restricted in only allowing two component parts to connect together. It is not possible in those designs to attach three or more component parts together such that they all swing (rotate) about a common hinge axis. This restricts the user from extending a given structure in new directions to create a larger structure.
  • Engel's invention allows more than two component parts to be connected and rotate about a common axis, but lacks strength, particularly in a direction lateral to the axis.
  • the connection mechanism between polygonal panels and cylindrical axles is inherently weak, and structures composed of them would readily fall apart when played with in any moderately vigorous way. Neither is their any means for rotational stabilization of the connection mechanism.
  • constructions made via his invention are not easy to assemble, but require dexterity to do so.
  • And connecting more than one component part axially along an axle is not possible. Neither is it possible to affix wheels, balls or other objects at the ends of the connecting axle, and thus Engel's connecting axle cannot be used as a wheel axle for a model vehicle.
  • Engle does not have plates, blocks or other things attached to the components themselves. Tung's invention suffers the same deficiencies as Engel's and additionally, is unable to connect more than two components via the same connector.
  • objects and advantages of the present invention are to provide superior stability, strength, and ease of assembly of 2D and 3D structures, typically in construction toys, over those of prior art.
  • Other objects and advantages comprise greater flexibility in types of structures, wider range of allowable motion for mechanically connected structures, and superior opportunity for expression of creativity.
  • a further object and advantage of the invention is a means to hinge component parts conveniently, flexibly, and easily into a wide range of stable structural configurations.
  • the present invention has scaling advantages, as well. It does not become impractical or cost prohibitive at large or small sizes, and has no reasonable dimensional limit.
  • the parts of the invention can be made large enough to build life-size tables, chairs, carts, wagons, toy chests, storage bins, desks, children's forts, model houses/rooms for children, sleds, toboggans, benches, loveseats, and more, all of which would be structurally stable, durable, and easy to assemble.
  • Said means comprises a connector (called a "post connector” herein), which, in the preferred embodiment, comprises a relatively elongated cylindrical shape, typically that of a rod, and one or more disks attached to, and effectively sharing a common axis with, the rod.
  • the structural component parts are connected via the post connector and have one or more cutout(s), typically but not necessarily along an edge, into which the disk(s) may be inserted. With the disk(s) of a single post connector so inserted into one component part, the post connector and the component part thus joined may rotate relative to one another up to 360°.
  • shapes other than rods and/or disks may be employed to compose the post connector.
  • the rod, or other shape serving the same or similar purpose may extend axially and such extension may contain one or more additional disks, or other shape(s) serving the same or similar purpose, such that more than one component part can be connected axially (in addition to multiple parts connected around the angular direction.)
  • the component parts can be any possible geometric shape, including, but not limited to, triangles, squares, rectangles, trapezoids, other polygons, pie shapes, circles, or parts thereof, tetrahedrons, boxes, other rectangular solids, prisms, spheres, ovoids, other 3D solids, and parts or sections of any of the foregoing.
  • Said parts may have indented regions in, or near, the center portion or not. They may, or may not, have hollow openings in, or near, said center portion.
  • indented (or hollowed open) regions separate panels (or faceplates or facemounts) may be optionally inserted into the indented (or open) region(s) to provide added strength and diversity in the possible structures that can be built, enhance artistic appeal, and/or cultivate creativity in the builder.
  • the post connectors may have hollowed out sections, axially, radially, or in any direction.
  • Such hollowed out sections can have string, wire, inserts, or similar devices strung through, or situated inside, them to provide additional strength, visual enhancement, or other advantage.
  • the invention in its various embodiments, provides numerous advantages over prior art in a superior and wholly satisfactory manner.
  • Fig. 1 shows a post connector 10 for the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates one type of component part, the triangle component 30.
  • Fig. 3 depicts a post connector 10 and a triangle component part 30 connected together.
  • Fig. 4 shows two such triangle components 30 connected to a single post connector 10.
  • Fig. 5 shows a tetrahedron assembly 60, a typical end result of assembling several (four in this case) triangle component parts 30 using (six in this case) post connectors 10.
  • the post connector 10 in the preferred embodiment of Fig. 1 comprises a post 12 of essentially rod-like shape with one or more disks 14 attached to, or integral with, the post 12, wherein the axes of the post 12 and the disk(s) 14 are essentially co-axial.
  • the post connector may also comprise a cylindrical, or quasi-cylindrical, section, deemed herein, the connector guide 16.
  • the axis of connector guide 16 can be essentially co-axial with the axis of the post 12.
  • quasi-cylindrical refers to a shape, such as that shown for the connector guide 16 in Fig. 1 , which has a non-purely cylindrical surface on what would otherwise be a cylinder.
  • a quasi-cylindrical shape can be considered to be what was originally a cylinder but which has had its surface indented, protruded, curved, and/or perforated.
  • the connector guide 16 is quasi-cylindrical, having a concave, indented surface, and said surface has perforations, including radially directed holes going completely through from one side to the other.
  • Such holes can be filled with an overmould of rubber, plastic, metallic or other material, and said overmould can be solid or hollow.
  • the connector guide 16 is a means to guide the connection between the post connector and a component part. It can also be a means to stabilize, align, and/or strengthen the connection, though it is not necessary to the invention.
  • the disk(s) 14 and/or the connector guide 16 can be attached via any means to the post 12, or alternatively, one or more of them can be an integral part, along with post 12, of the post connector 10, such as could be accomplished by casting, injection molding, or other processes.
  • the post 12 is shown extending outside of the disks 14, it is not necessary to the invention for it to do so. In any embodiment, post 12 only needs to support one or more disks 14 (or a means to connect the post to a component part), and that is what the invention comprises.
  • Component parts such as triangle component 30 of Fig. 2 , have cutouts, typically but not necessarily along their edges, into which portions of the post connector 10 can be inserted.
  • Such cutouts comprise disk cutout(s) 31 and connector guide cutout 34.
  • portions of the post connector 10, such as disk(s) 14 and/or connector guide 16 are inserted into respective cutouts 31 and/or 34, the post connector 10 and the component part (triangle part 30 here) become connected. See Fig. 3 .
  • These cutouts can be large enough to permit rotation of a post connector 10 angularly about its long axis, relative to a component part ( 30 here).
  • the cutouts can be small enough, or deliberately shaped, relative to the size of disk(s) 14 and/or connector guide 16, to effectively resist such angular motion and provide a non-hinge type of connection.
  • Other kinds of restrictions well known to those skilled in the art, can be used to provide a non-hinging connection, as well, and these are comprised by the invention.
  • Relief cutout(s) 32 can be used to enable easier snapping of a post connector 10 to a component part ( 30 in Fig. 2 ), and removal of same, while also providing a hard stop to prevent over-traveling the beam and potentially crack the latch member. Such relief cutouts are employed in this embodiment, but are not a necessary element of the invention.
  • the connector guide cutout 34 is shown in Fig. 2 as straight and parallel to the triangle edge direction, but any suitable cutout is comprised by the invention.
  • one or more of the cutout surfaces 36, 37, 38, 39, and 40 may be arc-like, to match the typically circular edges of post 12, disk(s) 14 and connector guide 16.
  • any suitable geometry of such surface(s) is comprised by the invention, and none of those surfaces have to contact any portion of post connector 10.
  • Latch element 33 a cantilever employed in this embodiment, forms a latch with disk 14. One way it can do this is via the "bump" or “lip” 41, shown in Fig. 2 , which snaps over the outer part of disk 14. Latch element 33, in this embodiment, is also arc-like along its inner facing side in Fig. 2 to match the profile of disk 14. This provides for more fluid hinging, though it is not necessary for the functioning of the invention. Latch element 33, although shown as a cantilever, can also be a raised dot, or bump, or in fact, anything that serves the same purpose as latch element 33 shown herein. Further, the latching element may be on the opposite side of disk cutout 31 (i.e., on the inner surface of cutout 38, the side closer to connector guide cutout 34 ). Still further, latching elements may be on both sides of the cutout.
  • Element 14 comprises a geometric form that includes non-disk, as well as disk shapes, and shall be deemed herein a "cutout insertable element".
  • the cutout insertable element shall be considered represented by the number 14 in all figures, although in the preferred embodiment of Figs. 1 to 3 , it is disk-like.
  • the cutout insertable element is disk-like in shape, or an arc section of a full disk, we shall refer to it as a "disk”.
  • disk When such disk extends over a full 360°, we may sometimes refer to it as a "complete disk", or "360° disk”.
  • the cutout insertable element may be considerably thicker than the disk 14 shown in the figures, and may even be longer in the axial direction than its own diameter (or width in direction perpendicular to the axial.) See, for example, Fig. 32 for one possible alternative configuration of a cutout insertable element.
  • Holes 35 in the corners of triangle component part 30 are not essential to the functioning of the invention, but may aid with embellishments in certain embodiments of the invention to be described later. (See references to Fig. 20 herein. Also, holes 35 can be the same diameter as post 12 to enable mounting of post connectors 10, via their ends, into said holes.)
  • Fig. 4 shows two triangle parts 30 connected to a single post connector 10.
  • the two triangle parts can move angularly about the post connector, with respect to one another.
  • Fig. 5 shows a tetrahedron structure 60, one example of the type of structures that can be created from post connectors 10 and triangle parts 30.
  • a tetrahedron 60 four triangle parts 30 are used.
  • a stable tetrahedron one for which the four triangle parts 30 will not easily move relative to one another
  • Fig. 6 shows six triangular component parts 30 connected together via a single post connector 10. Said component parts can swing (hinge) about the post connector independently, or alternatively, they may be locked in place angularly.
  • the invention permits, and comprises, any number of component parts connected via the same post connector. These need not be triangular, but can be any shape component part (see below.)
  • Figure 26 illustrates one example of such use, with three triangles and three squares all connected via the same post connector. A huge number of different combinations of component part types and post connector(s) can thus be connected with the invention, and all of these are comprised by the invention.
  • Fig. 7 shows a faceplate 70 that can be inserted into a triangle component part 30 for the purpose of stiffening/strengthening the triangle component, for visual appeal, and/or for attaching post connector(s), other faceplate(s), pictures, decals, other component part(s), or any device that enhances the invention.
  • the faceplate 70 displayed in Fig. 7 has an optional hole 72, which may, but does not necessarily have to, be in the center of the faceplate. In other configurations, there may be more than one hole, and any hole does not have to be circular, but can be any shape.
  • the post portion of a post connector may be inserted into such hole, and such insertion can be snug enough to permit the post connector to be a part of an assembly of post connector(s) and component part(s).
  • Other items such as, but not limited to, a wheel axle, flower (artificial or real), rod, lollipop, flag, LED, and toy figure may be inserted into the hole, as well, or in lieu of the post connector.
  • Faceplates can also have cutouts or raised areas for the letters of the alphabet, numbers, words, etc., allowing children to study and/or snap together their ABC's, name, party invitation, age, etc.
  • Any faceplate embellishments, such as those described herein or otherwise, can extend beyond the plane, and/or also beyond the edge(s), of any component part. Further, they can be quite thick and/or have hollow regions that may be filled with any number of items, such as, but not limited to, live fish, candy, glitter, lava lamp goo, etc. They can comprise, or allow attachment of, 3D items of many kinds. That is, faceplates can extend upward in the vertical direction of Fig. 7 to any reasonable height, and can extend sideways (sideways as seen in Fig. 7 ) to any reasonable extent. (See Fig. 43 .) They can have knobs, plugs, or other means, threaded or otherwise, to attach any number of different items to them.
  • faceplate and “facemount” may refer herein to devices that are either significantly extended in the vertical direction (away from a component face) or thin in the vertical direction (i.e., platelike.)
  • Fig. 8 depicts the faceplate 70 inserted into the triangle component 30.
  • the component part can attach to some other region of the component part.
  • the component part may be solid in the middle with a knob or other protrusion onto which a hole in the faceplate fits.
  • the faceplate may a have a knob or other protrusion which fits into a hole in the component part. Any means to hold a faceplate snugly in the triangle, or any other shape, component part, including simple snaps well known to those skilled in the art, is comprised by the invention.
  • the invention comprises decals, paintings, laser markings, pictures, flags, mirrors, tattoos, hand written sheets, and similar items attached to the faceplates, though these are not necessary.
  • the invention comprises any of the items discussed anywhere herein as being attachable to a faceplate, as being also attachable to a component part and/or a post connector.
  • Fig. 9 shows a post connector 10 with a single sphere 20 attached to one end.
  • Fig. 10 shows a post connector with two such spheres, one on either end.
  • Such spheres 20 may be rubber, plastic, wood, metal, or any suitable material. They may attach to the post connector 10 via any means, many of which are well known to those skilled in the art. Alternatively, the spheres 20 could be manufactured as an integral part of the post connector 20 when the post connector is made, via casting, injection molding, or similar process.
  • any suitable object or device may be attached to, or inserted into, the end of a post connector 10.
  • suitable object or device include, but are not limited to, hooks, screw eyes, suction cups, threaded rods, magnets, whistles, springs, hinges, toys, toy figures, lollipops, wheel axles, flowers (artificial or real), flashlights, LEDs, and bubble wands.
  • Fig. 11 depicts a square component part 80 connected to a post connector 10.
  • Square component 80 has cutouts like those shown for triangle component 30, to facilitate connection with post connector(s) 10.
  • the invention comprises square component 80 as well as all possible geometric shapes configured, as parts 30 and 80 are, to connect with a post connector 10.
  • These other possible component part shapes include, but are not limited to, rectangles, parallelograms, pentagons, hexagons, all other polygons, circles, ovals, all other effectively 2D (thin in one dimension) shapes, rectangular solids, tetrahedrons, spheres, ovoids, all other 3D solids, and portions/sections of any of the foregoing.
  • a user of the invention can create innumerable different types and sizes of structures.
  • the triangle component part 30 can be connected along an edge to a square component part 80 via the same post connector 10 as in Fig. 26 .
  • Boxes, homelike structures, pyramids, geometric forms of many diverse kinds, animal and bird models, dinosaurs (such as pterodactyls), and more are possible.
  • the nature of the connections made between the post connectors 10 and component parts will provide significant stability and durability to these structural creations.
  • any component part in any structure can be configured to swing open or closed. This can provide a door, which can be opened and closed, for house-like structures, hinged lids for boxes/chests, model window shutters, book binders, and much more.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates a square faceplate 84 inserted into a square component part 80, similar to Fig. 8 for a triangle part 30.
  • the present invention comprises faceplates for all possible component part shapes, as discussed above. Such faceplates may be used in all manners described above for the triangle faceplate 70.
  • Faceplates such as, but not limited to, 70 and 84 do not need to snap firmly into place and be held tightly by their associated component part ( 30 and 80 in the figures). Rather, they could be attached along their outer edge to the inner edge of a component part via a post connector 10 or any other form of removable connection. This would permit hinging or removal of the faceplates with respect to their associated component parts, and thereby provide for greater creative expression by children using the invention. Such faceplates could then become doors to house-like structures, lids for boxes, etc.
  • Fig. 13 shows square component parts 80 connected via post connectors 10 to form a box (cube type of rectangular solid with one face hinged open in Fig. 13 ).
  • This box has a swinging top (lid) that opens and closes because it swings freely about a post connector, while the other parts of the box remain stationary.
  • any face of the box not just the top, may be used for swinging open and closed while the others remain fixed, and more than one face may swing open, as well.
  • Fig. 14a shows a particular triangle component part 90 configured with cutouts on its inside edge(s) to permit nesting of a smaller triangle part inside of it.
  • Fig. 14b shows such a nesting, with smaller triangle 92 fitting inside larger triangle component 90.
  • the two triangles are held together via one or more inner post connectors 10, which are inserted into cutout(s) on (an) inner edge(s) of triangle 90 and (an) outer edge(s) of triangle 92.
  • the post connector 10 used for this purpose is smaller than its sibling post connector 10 shown on the outside left edge of triangle 90.
  • the inner triangle 92 can swing, or hinge, about the inner post connector relative to the outer triangle 90. Such hinging may be desirable, but is not a necessary feature of the embodiment, as the connection can be made non-hinging as well, via any means known to those skilled in the art or otherwise shown herein.
  • Figs. 14a and b depict an embodiment wherein the inner and outer triangles are connected via a post connector
  • the inner edge of triangle 90 is composed of disk insertable elements such as those on the post connector 10.
  • the inner triangle 92 has appropriate cutouts on its outer edge(s) into which the disk insertable element(s) on the inner edge(s) of triangle 90 are inserted.
  • the inner triangle 92 can have disk insertable element(s) on its outer edge(s), and the outer triangle 90 can have cutout(s) on its inner edge(s).
  • Other inner-outer component part connection alternatives are comprised by the invention as well, including, but not limited to, that discussed later herein with reference to Fig. 41 .
  • Nesting of component parts can provide structural support for resisting loads and/or stabilization for assemblies such as a bridge or tower.
  • Faceplates could, as well, be nested inside one another via the means shown above, any number of other connection means well know to those skilled in the art, or additional means shown elsewhere herein.
  • FIG. 15 An assembly constructed of different types of component parts is illustrated in Fig. 15 .
  • triangle component parts 30 and square component parts 80 are connected together into a single assembly via the post connectors 10.
  • Square parts can be connected to triangle parts via the same post connector.
  • any possible component part shape/type can be connected to the same post connector as any other possible component part shape/type.
  • Fig. 16 depicts a type of extended post connector 100, referred to herein as a dual post connector 100.
  • a dual post connector is either i) two single post connectors 10 connected together end-to-end axially via any suitable means or ii) a single rod-like, or other shape, element with two post connector portions displaced from one another axially. That is, the dual post connector 100 is two single post connectors 10 joined together as essentially a single unit.
  • the invention comprises other types of extended post connectors, such as a triple post connector made of three single post connectors 10, a quadruple post connector made of four single post connectors 10, etc. It also comprises any means for connecting more than one post connectors in any fashion, as well as having multiple single post connector components formed together as a single piece, as would be done via casting, injection molding, or similar processes.
  • Fig. 17 shows one use for a dual post connector 100, i.e., to hold a flag 110, as a post connected to a house-like, or tent-like, structure built from component parts such as 30 and other post connectors 10.
  • post connector 100 is inserted into hole 112 formed in the top of the assembly shown, but it can be attached via any suitable means.
  • two walls could be joined by a dual post connector with the top half of such connector extending upward beyond the top of the wall of the model building.
  • the flag 110 could then be attached to the top half of that connector.
  • Furniture can be made with the invention, as displayed in Fig. 18 . That figure depicts a chair made of square component parts 80 and post connectors 10 and 100.
  • the back support of the chair can be made of one, or more, square component parts 80 held firmly by dual post connectors 100 on either side. Said dual post connectors are held firm by being connected on one end to the chair base and on the other, to the back support.
  • Optional spheres are shown in the middle of dual post connectors 100 in Fig. 18 , but these are not necessary.
  • Many types of furniture comprised by the invention can be constructed, such as, but not limited to, tables, beds, couches, stools, counters, waste baskets, mock kitchen sinks, mock televisions (and radios and stereos), and more.
  • the lack of size limitation of the invention means such assembled furniture can be doll house sized, child sized, or adult sized. Children could actually make their own tables and chairs, and use them daily in their activities.
  • Post connectors can also have wheels attached, permitting children to make moving vehicle structures. This is shown in Fig. 19 , where the wheels 120 are attached at, or near, the ends of post connectors 10 in a car-like structure.
  • the present invention comprises wheels 120 mounted anywhere on any post connector 10 for any purpose. Pulley systems, Ferris type wheels, and many other structures can be built.
  • Fig. 19 Another use for extended, or multiple, post connectors is demonstrated in Fig. 19 .
  • the left rear support for the car of Fig. 19 can be a dual post connector 100, as shown in the figure (though it does not have to be.)
  • the bottom left edge (bottom front edge as viewed in Fig. 19 ) of the vehicle can be comprised of a single triple post connector 103 (though it doesn't have to be.)
  • Fig. 19 shows spheres on the ends of the post connectors 10, 100, 103, but these are not necessary.
  • it shows spheres inside the ends of the multiple post connectors 100 and 103. Said spheres are optional and may, or may not, be used according to the builder's desire.
  • FIG. 20 A detailed illustration of one embodiment of a faceplate 70 for a triangular component is depicted in Fig. 20 .
  • protuberances 75 on the three corners of faceplate 70 insert into holes 35 in a triangular part 30 as shown in Fig. 2 , and hold the faceplate 70 to triangle 30.
  • Cutouts 78 in faceplate 70 make space to accommodate connector guides 16 of post connectors along each edge of the faceplate.
  • Optional protuberances 76 fit into relief cutouts 36 on the triangle.
  • the faceplate (element 70 in Fig. 20 ) can be transparent.
  • the faceplate can then be attached to a component part via knob (also called a protuberance or post) 74, or any appropriate latching means commonly known to one versed in the arts, to secure the faceplate 70 to a component part.
  • knob also called a protuberance or post
  • any appropriate latching means commonly known to one versed in the arts to secure the faceplate 70 to a component part.
  • the invention comprises any attachment means for connecting a faceplate with a component part, and is not restricted to the particular attachment means, protuberances, knobs, post, cutouts, etc. shown in the embodiment of Fig. 20
  • Faceplates may also be composed of more than one piece, or more than one faceplate may be attached to a component part. For example, two faceplate pieces can fasten together, one on each side of the component part.
  • faceplates may have their own faceplate-to-faceplate connectors, whereby faceplates, either already attached to component parts or not, can be attached to one another.
  • Fig. 20 also relates, and applies, equally as well to any other component part shape, such as squares, rectangles, other polygons, and more, and their associated faceplates. Further, while any of the elements shown in Fig. 20 , and/or discussed herein with respect to Fig. 20 , may help in the functioning of the invention, none are necessary for it. Different embodiments of the invention may use any number, or none, of them.
  • Post connectors such as, but not limited to, 10, 100, and 103 can have hole(s) in their sides into which the end(s) of other post connector(s) may be inserted.
  • One such configuration is shown in Fig. 21 , where a triangle component is connected to each of the two post connectors 10 that are connected hole-to-end.
  • Other devices and objects may be inserted into the side hole of a post connector, such as, but not limited to, all of the objects, devices, and toys listed above that may be inserted into the end of a post connector.
  • Such holes(s) further expand the range of possible things that can be created with the invention.
  • a post connector does not have to be connected such that its axis is aligned with the edge of a component part, but may be aligned with its axis perpendicular to such edge as, for one example, in Fig. 22 . Any possible alignment of the post connector axis with respect to a component edge is comprised by the invention.
  • Such post connector can be integral with the component part such as would be accomplished via casting, injection molding, or similar process. Alternatively, it could be connected to the component part via any means shown herein or known to those skilled in the art. It could snap or clip into place, for example.
  • Two post connectors 10 can have their ends connected either rigidly, via means well known to those skilled in the art, or via non-rigid connections such as the spring 130 shown in Fig. 23 .
  • a hinge, piece of rubber, or other flexible device or material may be used.
  • the post connectors may thus be bent out of axial alignment with one another.
  • Any such connection - flexible, rigid, or malleable - can provide non-axial alignment to post connectors.
  • One example of such a connection would be a plug, one end of which inserts into the open end of one post connector; the other end of which inserts into the open end of a second post connector. All such types of end-to-end post connector connection further expand the range of possible assemblies, and the functioning of such assemblies, provided by the invention.
  • An angle limiting component part 140 is illustrated in Fig. 24 .
  • Such a component part when connected to a post connector as shown in Fig. 25 , prohibits angular motion of component parts, such as the triangles in Fig. 25 .
  • the motion prevention means 150 prevents either triangle component part from moving upwards in Fig. 25 .
  • the motion prevention means 150 fits over, and snaps onto, the connector guide, though that particular mode of functioning is not necessary for the invention. Any such motion prevention means incorporated into an angle limiting component is comprised by the invention.
  • Cord, string, wire or similar thing(s) 160 may be strung through component parts and/or post connectors as shown in Figs. 27, 28, and 29 , to hold component parts and/or post connectors together and form articles of clothing or many other things.
  • cords 160 are used along with triangle components 30 to form a woman's bathing suit top or bra.
  • cording is used to connect post connectors 10, squares 80, and triangles 30 to form a tie.
  • a regular hexagon component part 180 is depicted in Fig. 30 .
  • Non-regular hexagons with different lengths or angles of its side
  • regular and non-regular pentagons are also comprised by the invention.
  • any other polygon equilateral [i.e., regular] or not
  • Fig. 31 illustrates another embodiment of post connector 10 in which two disk type cutout insertable elements 14 are attached to, or integral with, a post 12, and for which no connector guide is used. Cutouts on component parts used with such a post connector embodiment would match the cutout insertable elements 14, and may, or may not, have cutout(s) for connector guide(s).
  • Fig. 31 shows two disks 14, the invention comprises use of a single disk (or a single cutout insertable element.) Thus, the invention includes any number of disks 14 (or cutout insertable elements.)
  • Fig. 32 shows still another embodiment of post connector 10 in which a cutout insertable element 14 of cylindrical shape is attached to, or integral with, a post 12.
  • Fig. 33 illustrates the connection of such a post connector embodiment 10 with a square component 80. Cutouts on the square need only match the cutout insertable element 14, but may, or may not, also have cutouts for cutout insertable elements of disk or other shape and/or connector guide(s).
  • the extensions of rod 10 shown above and below cutout insertable element 14 in Fig, 32 are not necessary for the functioning of the invention. That is, the post connector may comprise a cutout insertable element, similar in function to, though not necessarily the same geometry as, the cutout insertable element 14 of Figs. 32 and 33 .
  • the invention also comprises a post connector comprising a single cutout insertable element. (See Fig. 42 .)
  • Fig. 34 Another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 34 , which has two posts integral with one another and aligned at right angles, deemed herein a dual cross connector 200.
  • the angle of the crossing of the two posts does not have to be a right angle, but can be any suitable angle.
  • the two posts do not have to be integral to one another, as could be accomplished by casting or molding, but can be joined in any other suitable fashion known to those skilled in the art.
  • the two posts in Fig. 34 can swivel with respect to one another such that they can form any reasonable angle relative to one another.
  • One way such a swivel can be configured via a rod fixed to one single post connector and at right angles to the axis of that post connector.
  • the second post connector can have a hole in it transverse to its own axis that fits over the rod of the first connector.
  • Many other means well known to those skilled in the art can be employed to configure the two post connectors to swivel with respect to one another, and all of these are comprised by the invention.
  • the posts are shown as rod shaped, but any suitable shape is comprised, in any embodiment, by the word "post".
  • Post connectors 10 fixed to one another at, or near, their ends, as via connection 210 in Fig. 35 are also comprised by the invention.
  • Connection 210 is typically a rigid connection, but not necessarily so. It may be a flexible connection, allowing any post connector 10 freedom of motion with respect to any other post connector 10.
  • Any number of post connectors 10, or extended post connectors can be connected in such fashion.
  • three post connectors 10 can be connected similar to the four of Fig. 35 .
  • Such post connectors extend radially outward in two or three dimensions from the end connection (the connection point of their ends).
  • This configuration is called an end joined connector assembly 400, and though shown in Fig. 35 as having four post connectors 10, it may comprise any number of post connectors.
  • An end joint connector assembly such as 400 may be a single integrated unit, as may be achieved by casting or molding, or it may comprise separate post connectors 10 attached together.
  • each single post connector can have any angle relative to any other post connector. Neither do all post connectors have to lie in the same plane as shown in Fig. 35 .
  • they could be aligned to form a frame for a teepee. They can also be configured to be free, or rotate, about a central post connector's axis.
  • End joined connector assemblies further expand the number of possible structures that can be created with the present invention.
  • Another embodiment of the invention comprises one or more cutout insertable element(s), as shown in Fig. 36 , attached to, or integral with, a component part (triangle 220 in Fig. 36 .) Such cutout insertable element(s) may then be inserted into a component part having cutout(s) (triangle 30 in Fig. 36 ) to build structures.
  • Connector guide(s) on the component part may, or may not, be used, in addition to, or in place of cutout insertable element(s). In Fig. 36 a connector guide is used on each edge.
  • FIG. 37 A similar, yet different, embodiment of the invention is demonstrated in Fig. 37 .
  • cutout insertable elements 14 disk shape embodiment in Fig. 37
  • a component part triangle 220 in Fig. 37 .
  • the cutout(s) to match the cutout insertable element(s) 14 are in the cutout post connector 310.
  • component parts and cutout post connectors can be connected in this embodiment by inserting the cutout insertable element(s) 14 into the cutout(s) in the cutout post connector 310.
  • Component parts can then rotate angularly in similar fashion as in other embodiments.
  • post connector comprises both male post connectors 10 (and 103, 110) as well as female post connectors such as the cutout post connector 310.
  • the invention comprises use of cutout post connector(s) 310 (female post connectors) in any embodiment shown anywhere herein in place of male post connector(s) 10. It also comprises use of cutout insertable elements 14 attached to, or integral with, a component part in place of cutouts in any embodiment, as well.
  • Cutout (female) post connector 310 may function best by being flat in two dimensions and thin in a third, as shown in Fig. 37 , but it is not limited to such a configuration.
  • a cutout, or female, post connector comprises any means to connect component parts comprising cutouts on such female post connector.
  • relief cutouts 32 enable cutout insertable elements 14 to be snapped into cutouts 31 because such relief cutouts provide flexibility to the cantilever extension between relief cutout 32 and cutouts 31.
  • the cantilever extension can bend as the cutout insertable elements 14 are inserted into the disk cutouts 31, but then hold the cutout insertable elements 14 in place thereafter.
  • Fig. 38 the roles, in terms of flexibility, are reversed. Two disks (cutout insertable elements, more generically) 414 and 418 are used in place of each single cutout insertable element 14, and no relief cutout 32 is needed.
  • the flexibility to enable snapping together of the post connector 410 and component part 430 is now provided by the two disks 414 and 418.
  • cantilever 450 can have a latching bump/lip in addition to, or in place of, the bump/lip on the opposite side of cutout 432, and this, in conjunction with element 414 can provide other latching means.
  • post connector comprises both element 410, and element 10, though we may at times use the term "flexible connection post connector" to describe element 410.
  • Fig. 39 shows a model boat that floats constructed of component parts and post connectors.
  • the spheres 20 attached to the ends of post connectors 10 can be filled with air and made airtight (or made of material lighter than water) and thus enable the model to float in bathtubs, swimming pools, lakes or other bodies of water.
  • post connectors and/or component parts can be made less dense than water and thus aid, or provide, flotation ability to models.
  • lighter than water material such as foam or air filled balls, can be placed inside a model boat and enable, or help, it to float.
  • Further construction assemblies comprised by the invention include sleds and toboggans, which could use an attachable sled runner accessory. These could be made large enough for actual use in snow by children. These could be made, for example, with two sections for two children, and enlarged to three sections for three children, simply by building and attaching an additional section to the original two. Similarly, a bench or loveseat can be assembled simply by latching together two or more chair assemblies.
  • the invention allows assemblies to be constructed which may be readily, and dynamically, changed for new or additional purposes.
  • a component part and/or a post connector may incorporate, or be, a musical instrument.
  • a whistle, bell, tuning fork, or guitar type string(s) could be part of a triangular, square, or other component part. They could be attached, or the part itself could be an instrument.
  • One way this may be done is by making a component part hollow and having a opening into which a person could blow air and cause a sound to be emitted from the component part.
  • Other holes could exist in the part allowing the user to cover such holes or not, thereby changing the note(s) played by the part/instrument.
  • a component part, or a faceplate for a component part could be fashioned like a drum, such that tapping it produces a drum-like sound.
  • a post connector could be a whistle or flute. It could be hollow, or partially hollow, with one or both ends open and optionally, a mouthpiece on one end facilitating the playing of musical notes via blowing air through the mouthpiece or open end.
  • Such post connector could have one or more holes or slits in it allowing different notes to be played depending on whether the user covered said holes and/or slits.
  • the invention also comprises one or more slits in a post connector designed to fit up against a component part, such that by moving the component part angularly, the size of the opening allowing air to escape is changed, thereby changing the pitch of the note(s) played.
  • Faceplates for any component part can have one or more holes for mounting wheels, or wheel axles, as well. Any faceplate could also have a knob, or similar structure, to permit mounting of one or more wheels.
  • the post connectors 10 can be hollow axially, to save weight or to permit strings, wires or similar things to pass through them.
  • the post connectors can also have holes passing through them radially. Such holes and hollows allow creative use of cords, strings, wires, or the like in many ways, can add strength to any structure, and may provide added visual appeal. Holes through, or simply in the ends of, post connectors can be threaded, enabling knobs, spheres, end connectors to other post connectors, or any number of other items to be threaded into such end holes.
  • post connectors 10, 100, 103, 310, and 410 have been shown herein in prior figures to be rod-like, they are not limited to any particular shape. They could, for example, have hexagonal, square, or any other cross section, rather than circular. They could be something other than straight in the axial direction.
  • the invention comprises any shape post connector and associated component part which permits two or more component parts to be connected and move (swing or hinge) relative to one another in the angular direction of the post connector (around the axis of the post connector.) This may comprise disk, cylindrical, partial disk section, partial cylindrical section, quasi-cylindrical, quasi-cylindrical section, ring, or other shape portions of the post connector that may be inserted into cutouts in a component part.
  • the cutouts may be of any suitable shape and/or type that accommodate such insertion and motion.
  • the post connector may be of any suitable shape, size, and/or type to accommodate such insertion and motion.
  • the post connector does not have to keep the same basic post diameter at all positions along it axially.
  • Fig. 40 is but one example, of innumerable possible configurations, for the post connector 10 (and also 100, 103, 310, and 410, by implication), which vary from those shown in earlier figures.
  • the post connector 10 of Fig. 40 has variable shape and size of its cross section, is not straight all along the axial direction, has cutout insertable element 14 which is part of an ellipse rather than a circular disk, and employs a connector guide 16 which is not cylindrical or quasi-cylindrical. Cutouts in any component part would match those of the particular embodiment of post connector employed.
  • the cutout insertable element shall be considered represented by the number 14 in all figures, even though such figures may show a disk shape.
  • the cutout insertable element is disk-like in shape, or an arc section of a full disk, we shall refer to it as a "disk”.
  • disk When such disk extends over a full 360°, we may sometimes refer to it as a "complete disk”, or "360° disk”.
  • the cutout insertable element may be considerably thicker than the disk 14 shown in the figures, and may even be longer in the axial direction than its own diameter (or width in direction perpendicular to the axial.)
  • Oval, or other shaped, cutout insertable elements can be used, and such use may allow them to function as a cam shaft when component parts are rotated about the post axis (or about the varying radius of the oval or other shape.)
  • cutouts on any part of a post connector may be mated with associated male portions of a component part to allow latching/connection of a post connector to a component part.
  • disks 14 may have certain geometries such that by inserting them into a cutout and turning them, they lock into place.
  • Fig. 41 Yet another embodiment of the invention is illustrated in Fig. 41 .
  • protrusions (or protuberances) 480 on component part 470 are used for the same function as cutouts are used in other embodiments, such as that of Fig. 2 . That is, the cutout insertable element(s) 14 (or, in this case, the "protrusion attachable element(s)”) can be placed adjacent one or more protrusion(s) 480 on the component part, as in Fig. 41 , and thus connect the post connector 10 with the component part 470.
  • the protrusion attachable element 14 is shown as cylindrical in shape in Fig. 41 , but it can be quasi-cylindrical or any other shape. There can be one or more of them.
  • the component part 470 as shown in Fig. 41 has protrusions 480 on only one edge, but such protrusions, like cutouts, can be on any number of edges. In many embodiments, either protrusions like 480, or cutouts, are on every edge of a component part.
  • the protrusions may be on the post connector with appropriate protrusion attachable element(s) on the component part.
  • one or more protrusions can be on a faceplate (facemount).
  • a post connector or any other item can then be connected directly to a faceplate.
  • component component part with cutout(s) as in Fig. 2 , cutout insertable element(s) as in Figs. 36 & 37 , protrusion attachable elements, protrusions (or protuberances), as in Figs. 41 & 42 , used to connect such component part to a post connector, and/or any other means to connect the component part to a post connector.
  • the invention comprises use of any of these post connector connecting element types in place of any other post connector connecting element in any configuration and/or embodiment discussed, or implied, anywhere herein, or which could be readily deduced from a discussion herein.
  • post connector refers to a device with cutout insertable elements (such as in Figs. 1 & 38 , for example), protrusion attachable elements ( Figs 41 and 42 ), cutouts (as in Figs. 36 & 37 , for example), protrusions (not illustrated) that can be used to connect such post connector with a component part, and/or any other means to connect the post connector to a component part.
  • the invention comprises use of any of these component part connecting element types in place of any other component part connecting element in any configuration and/or embodiment discussed, or implied, anywhere herein, or which could be readily deduced from a discussion herein..
  • the post connector 10 can appear to be simply a cylinder such as element 14 in Fig. 42 , with the post 12 considered internal to it, integral with it, or the same thing as it (as labeled in Fig. 42 ).
  • a component part connecting element (such as the protrusion attachable element of Figs. 41 and 42 ) may be cylindrical, quasi-cylindrical, disk shaped, partially cylindrical, partially quasi-cylindrical, partially disk shaped, or any other suitable shape. Regardless of the shape of the component part connecting element, it may be internal to, integral with, or the same thing as, the post.
  • a post and any component part connecting element such reference comprises embodiments in which the post and the component part connecting element are one and the same thing, as well as those in which they are different.
  • the invention thus comprises configurations such as, and/or similar to, the post connector 10 configuration of Fig. 42 for cutout insertable elements in lieu of protrusion attachable elements, as both are component part connecting elements. It also comprises use of such configurations as post connector connecting elements (i.e., as protrusion attachable elements and/or cutout insertable elements) in component parts.
  • the cylindrical protrusion attachable element 14 of Fig. 42 can be a part of a square (or any other type of) component part, rather than a part of a post connector.
  • Fig. 43 shows another embodiment of the invention with a faceplate 86 (or facemount) extending in a third dimension considerably beyond the plane of the surface of the square part 80.
  • the faceplate is shown as a child's letter block with the letter "A" inscribed on the outer most face. Any letter or number can be on a faceplate and thus, the invention may be used to help children learn their ABC's and numbers. Other shapes, symbols, animals, or characters can be on a faceplate, as well.
  • Faceplates can extend to any reasonable length in the third dimension out of the component part surface, and can be of any shape. They can also extend outside the edges of a component part within the 2D surface of the component part.
  • wiring or printed circuitry could be an integral (or attached) part of components, post connectors, and/or connector guides. When these are used to construct an assembly, the wiring or printed circuitry could be used to illuminate LEDs or other lights, run motors or fans, power speakers, and/or more. Snapping, or otherwise connecting of components and post connectors together, can complete the circuits and thereby enable immediate functionality of devices such as LEDs, motors, fans, speakers, and/or more.
  • the preferred embodiment comprises a quasi-cylindrical connector guide 16.
  • the quasi-cylindrical and cylindrical connector guides are special cases of the connector guide.
  • the connector guide can be a useful part of the invention, but is not necessary for it. Embodiments may, or may not, incorporate connector guide(s).
  • the connector guide may be called a hinge guide.
  • the term connector guide refers to either a hinge connection or a non-hinge connection.
  • cutout insertable element 360° disk 14 in Fig. 1
  • connector guide quadsi-cylindrical connector guide 16 in Fig. 1
  • the invention comprises a post connector with a post and a component part connecting element, attached to or integral with the post, with or without a connector guide. It also comprises a post connector with a post and a connector guide, attached to or integral with the post. It also comprises a single component part connecting element and a post.
  • the component part connecting element can be placed anywhere along the post, axially or otherwise.
  • the connector guide can be placed anywhere along the post, axially or otherwise.
  • the component part connecting element could also have a shape similar to that shown for the connector guide 16 in many figures herein, or any other suitable shape that serves the same function as demonstrated herein.
  • the invention comprises a post connector to component part connection that permits swiveling, like a hinge, of the component part relative to the post connector in the angular direction about the post connector long axis.
  • a post connector to component part connection that locks, i.e., resists swiveling like a hinge, of the component part relative to the post connector in the angular direction about the post connector long axis.
  • the invention further comprises a component comprised of a geometric shape and a post connector connecting element.
  • the post connector and each component part, and any of their subparts can be made of any suitable material, including, but not limited to, plastic, metal, wood, ceramic, and rubber. They can be any size or shape, and in fact, different sizes of component parts may be assembled together in the same structure. Cutouts and protrusions (protuberances) can be any suitable size or shape.
  • the invention comprises essentially two dimensional (2D) component parts (thin in the third dimension), which may be assembled via post connectors into two (thin in the third dimension) and/or three dimensional (3D) structures. It also comprises component parts of three dimensions (not thin in a third dimension), which may be assembled via post connectors into 3D structures.
  • a device comprising
  • the component part connecting element is a cutout insertable element or a protrusion attachable element.
  • the component part connecting element is a disk having axial length greater than the largest dimension of said disk perpendicular to the disk axial dimension.
  • the component part connecting element is a disk having axial length greater than the largest dimension of said disk perpendicular to the disk axial dimension, wherein an end of said post and an end of said component part connecting element are effectively co-planar, and wherein said post and said component part connecting element are effectively integral.
  • component part connecting element comprises, at least partially, an oval, or other non-circular, shaped edge.
  • a facemount of predetermined shape and size wherein said facemount is attached to said component part and wherein said facemount contains an element selected from the group consisting of decals, letters, numbers, toy figures, mirrors, axles, knobs, plugs, threaded plugs, posts, protuberances, blocks, post connectors, artificial flowers, real flowerers, rods, lollipops, flags, fish, candy, glitter, lava lamp goo, holes, paintings, laser markings, pictures, tattoos, hand written sheets, printed written sheets, stencils, images, drum membranes, and other facemounts.
  • attachment is selected from the group consisting of decals, letters, numbers, toy figures, mirrors, axles, wheels, knobs, plugs, threaded plugs, posts, protuberances, blocks, artificial flowers, real flowerers, rods, lollipops, flags, fish, candy, glitter, lava lamp goo, paintings, laser markings, pictures, tattoos, hand written sheets, printed written sheets, stencils, images, LEDs, flashlights, bubble wands, toy figures, artificial flowers, real flowers, spheres, hooks, screw eyes, suction cups, magnets, whistles, springs, hinges, toys, and drum membranes.
  • a device comprising
  • a method for structural assembly comprising

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EP20202455.0A 2010-05-13 2011-05-04 Versatile robust construction toy Withdrawn EP3797845A1 (en)

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CN102883787A (zh) 2013-01-16
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US20130165012A1 (en) 2013-06-27
MX353080B (es) 2017-12-19
US11247142B2 (en) 2022-02-15
EP2569064B1 (en) 2020-10-21
JP2013526336A (ja) 2013-06-24
CN102883787B (zh) 2016-04-20
EP2569064A1 (en) 2013-03-20
US20170239588A1 (en) 2017-08-24
WO2011143019A1 (en) 2011-11-17
US9669324B2 (en) 2017-06-06
DK2569064T3 (da) 2021-01-18
US20220105441A1 (en) 2022-04-07
MX2012012292A (es) 2012-11-23
BR112012025697A2 (pt) 2017-12-12

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