EP3795885B9 - Installation de détente de gaz pourvue d'installation de fabrication de gnl - Google Patents

Installation de détente de gaz pourvue d'installation de fabrication de gnl Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3795885B9
EP3795885B9 EP20190940.5A EP20190940A EP3795885B9 EP 3795885 B9 EP3795885 B9 EP 3795885B9 EP 20190940 A EP20190940 A EP 20190940A EP 3795885 B9 EP3795885 B9 EP 3795885B9
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EP
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Prior art keywords
gas
vortex tube
outlet
fraction
expansion system
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EP20190940.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3795885B1 (fr
EP3795885A1 (fr
Inventor
Steffen Päßler
Holger Sprung
Karsten Skorzus
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Ontras Gastransport GmbH
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Ontras Gastransport GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
    • F17D1/04—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0225—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/068—Distribution pipeline networks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
    • F17D1/065—Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours
    • F17D1/075—Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours by mere expansion from an initial pressure level, e.g. by arrangement of a flow-control valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/10—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using combined expansion and separation, e.g. in a vortex tube, "Ranque tube" or a "cyclonic fluid separator", i.e. combination of an isentropic nozzle and a cyclonic separator; Centrifugal separation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas expansion system for expansion and quantity control of gas for use between a first gas source located upstream of the gas, such as a gas tank, a medium-pressure gas network or high-pressure gas network or a cavern storage and a second gas sink located downstream of the gas, such as a consumer, a low-pressure gas network or a gas supply line, comprising at least one first vortex tube, which is in flow communication with the first gas source located upstream of the gas, the gas from the gas source flowing into the at least one first vortex tube in a tangential inlet, and from two outlets in the form of a first outlet for a first cold fraction of the Gas and flows out in the form of a second outlet for a second warm fraction of the gas.
  • a first gas source located upstream of the gas such as a gas tank, a medium-pressure gas network or high-pressure gas network or a cavern storage and a second gas sink located downstream of the gas, such as a consumer, a low-pressure gas network or a gas
  • wet natural gas i.e. methane (CH 4 ) with admixtures of nitrogen (N 2 ), possibly acidic gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as well as moisture in the form of water vapor (H 2 O) and small amounts of ethane (C 2 H 6 , 1% to 15%), propane (C 3 H 8 , 1% to 10%), butane (C 4 H 10 ), ethene (C 2 H 4 ) and pentanes (C 5 H 12 ) , tends to freeze when cooled significantly due to the Joule-Thomson effect. During freezing, methane hydrate (CH 4 • 5.75 H 2 O) in particular precipitates from wet natural gas.
  • methane hydrate CH 4 • 5.75 H 2 O
  • Methane hydrate is a clathrate compound in which water and methane form a cage compound.
  • Methane hydrate has the external appearance of snow or hoarfrost and, once formed in the cold, can be present at temperatures of up to 20°C.
  • room temperature i.e. around 20°C
  • methane hydrate is thermodynamically unstable; However, the clathrate compound tends to remain in a superheated state before it breaks down again into the gas components.
  • the hydrate can clog the gas line, narrow the gas line cross-section, block or immobilize valves or pressure control valves, block the mechanical control path of membranes of pressure regulators and block access to the gas flow for flow meters.
  • the formation of ice, methane hydrate or other gas hydrates in a gas supply line can quickly lead to a dangerous accident in the line, which is dangerous to life and limb.
  • DD 108 146 In the East German patent specification DD 108 146 a device for liquefaction or refrigeration is disclosed. According to the main idea in DD 108 146 is intended to pass gas from a high-pressure source through a vortex tube. The warm fraction that flows out of the vortex tube is either fed to another process or returned to the high-pressure side via a heat exchanger and recompressor. The cold gas stream, on the other hand, is sent for further liquefaction. Although this process is suitable for liquefying gas, it is quite energy inefficient.
  • the document WO2019090885A1 discloses a gas expansion system.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an energy-efficient and at the same time robust and therefore seasonally insensitive method for gas expansion.
  • the cold fraction of the gas flowing from the first outlet of the at least one vortex tube is in flow connection with an inlet of at least one second vortex tube and from two outlets in the form of a first outlet for a first cold fraction of the gas and in the form a second outlet for a second warm fraction of the gas flows out, wherein the warm fraction of the at least one second vortex tube is in flow connection with the second gas sink located downstream of the gas, and wherein the cold fraction of the at least one second vortex tube is in flow connection with an outlet for liquefied gas.
  • This circuit is a cascade of at least two vortex tubes, which are connected to each other as a cascade on their cold fraction side.
  • the outlets of the vortex tubes for the warm fraction are each connected to a gas drainage network with a corresponding pressure.
  • the last vortex tube leads to a liquefaction of the gas in the cascade.
  • the liquid gas is stored and intended for further use by liquid gas customers.
  • This cascade connection is rather energy inefficient for producing liquid gas.
  • the aim of the invention is not to produce liquid gas, but rather to expand gas that is under high pressure and comes, for example, from a pipeline, a gas supply line or a gas storage facility, so that the temperature of the expanded gas meets the requirements State variables for fulfilled in gas supply lines.
  • the liquefied gas produced during gas expansion only amounts to approximately 2% to 5% of the total gas flowing through the system in the gas expansion system according to the invention.
  • the heat from 5% of the gas flowing through the gas expansion system is transferred to the remaining 95% of the gas flowing into the further gas extraction networks, without it being necessary to heat the gas flowing into the further gas extraction networks or to warm it up using atmospheric heat exchangers.
  • the gas expansion system therefore works in summer and also in winter, regardless of the installation location or the climatic region of the installation Gas expansion system. It is advantageous here that only around 5% is produced as a by-product as liquid gas, since this proportion is approximately the part that is purchased from the market as liquid gas.
  • At least a third vortex tube is connected between the at least one second vortex tube and the outlet for liquefied gas, the second outlet of the at least one first vortex tube being connected to a high-pressure gas network as a sink, the second The outlet of the at least one second vortex tube is connected to a medium-pressure gas network as a sink, and the second outlet of the at least one third vortex tube is connected to a low-pressure gas network as a sink.
  • This optional gas expansion system has three vortex tube stages and distributes and expands the gas from the high-pressure side into three different gas discharge networks with different pressures.
  • At least one refrigeration machine is connected to the at least one second vortex tube and the outlet for liquefied gas, the waste heat from the refrigeration machine being passed via a heat exchanger into the gas stream, which is fed as a warm fraction from the second Outlet of the at least one second vortex tube flows and is connected to a gas medium pressure network as a sink.
  • This optional gas expansion system has two vortex tube stages and distributes and expands the gas on the high-pressure side into two different gas discharge networks with different pressures. Depending on the desired pressure on the medium and low pressure side, it may be possible that the volume work on the vortex tubes, which act as throttles, is not sufficient to generate a temperature that liquefies the cold fraction.
  • a refrigeration machine can be used, with the waste heat from the refrigeration machine in this example being fed into the gas discharge stream of the second Vortex tube stage is directed.
  • This gas expansion system also works independently of the climatic atmospheric conditions.
  • the at least one first vortex tube is in flow connection with its second output for the warm fraction via a compressor to the inlet of the gas expansion system.
  • a compressor and a refrigeration machine are connected in parallel to one another and transport gas and heat from the second outlet of a vortex tube stage, which leaves the at least one vortex tube as a warm fraction, from a lower pressure level to a higher pressure level .
  • This parallel connection of compressor and refrigeration machine makes it possible to vary the amount of gas and heat that is transported from one pressure level to another in large relative ratio intervals, which is advantageous for setting an optimal working point of the vortex tubes of the gas expansion system.
  • FIG 1 is a sectional drawing through the vortex tube 10 according to Ranque-Hielsch with the vertebrae W1 and W2 shown, the outer vortex W1 leads the warm fraction and the inner vortex W2 leads the cold fraction.
  • the exact functionality of a vortex tube according to Ranque-Hielsch has not yet been scientifically clarified.
  • the Ranque-Hielsch effect is reproducible and can also be optimized empirically for different volume flows and average operating pressures.
  • pressurized gas GH flows into a tangential inlet 11 in the vortex tube 10.
  • the inflowing gas GH forms different vortices W1 and W2 in the vortex tube, with gas that is warmer than the gas flowing in inlet 11 emerging from the tube end at outlet 13 as a warm fraction WF.
  • Outlet 13 is located at the pipe end opposite the pipe end at which the tangential inlet 11 is located.
  • Gas that is significantly colder than the gas flowing into inlet 11 exits as cold fraction KF at outlet 12, which is arranged at the pipe end at which the tangential inlet 11 is also arranged.
  • the amount of heat of the combined warm fraction WF and cold fraction KF corresponds approximately to the amount of heat of the incoming gas GH minus the volume work V • ⁇ P as heat equivalent that the incoming pressurized gas GH did when passing through the vortex tube 10.
  • a cold fraction KF with a temperature below the temperature is formed in a Ranque-Hielsch pipe , which would be observable through the Joule-Thomson effect and a warm fraction WF with a temperature that is higher than the temperature of the inflowing gas GH.
  • the present invention makes use of the fact that with the vortex tube 10 according to Ranque-Hielsch a cold fraction KF is obtained which has a temperature below the temperature that would be achievable according to Joule-Thomson.
  • the heat extracted goes to the warm fraction, which is used in the context of this invention to heat the gas in the drainage network.
  • thermometers Three different thermometers are shown under a shaded square, each of which can be assigned to a shade of the vortices W1 and W2.
  • Black means cold and corresponds to the temperature of the emerging cold fraction KF.
  • a medium-dark shading corresponds approximately to the temperature of the pressurized incoming gas GH and a lighter shading (right) corresponds approximately to the temperature of the emerging warm fraction WF.
  • FIG 2 a sectional drawing is shown through a variant of the Ranque-Hielsch tube as a vortex tube 20.
  • the outlet 23 for the warm fraction WF is completely closed.
  • the Ranque-Hielsch effect does not collapse as a result, but the heat of the warm fraction WF is conducted via the tube wall RW onto the cooling fins 27 into a housing 24 of the vortex tube 20, where a partial flow TS of the pressurized gas GH, which passes through the flow inlet 25 has entered the housing 24, absorbs the heat and leaves the housing 24 via the flow outlet 26.
  • this second variant of the Ranque-Hielsch tube differs from the Ranque-Hielsch tube Figure 1 through the path of heat.
  • the heat is transported with the warm fraction WF in the vortex W1 and with the warm fraction WF from the vortex tube 10 through the outlet 13, whereas the heat is transported in the variant of the Ranque-Hielsch tube in Figure 2 transported through the tube wall RW outwards into the housing 24 and transported away via a partial flow TS of the inflowing gas GH as a warm fraction WF, which leaves the housing 24 through the outlet 26.
  • thermometers Three different thermometers are shown under a shaded square, each of which can be assigned to a shade of the vortices W1 and W2.
  • Black means cold and corresponds to the temperature of the emerging cold fraction KF.
  • a medium dark shade corresponds approximately to the temperature of the pressurized incoming gas GH and a lighter shade (right) approximately corresponds to the temperature of the emerging warm fraction WF.
  • vortex tube that are similar to the vortex tube 10 in Figure 10, in which the outlet 13 for the warm fraction WF is closed and the heat flows through the tube wall RW into the atmospheric environment.
  • vortex tubes work like a throttle, which produces additional cooling of the gas flowing through the vortex tube by releasing heat.
  • the object of the invention is to conduct this heat, which is unused in the prior art, into the gas stream directed downstream.
  • FIG 3 a sketch of a first and simple variant of the gas expansion system according to the invention is shown.
  • Gas from a source Q flows from the gas high-pressure side GH via an inlet 101 into the gas expansion system 100. After passing through a check/control valve 104, the gas flows under high pressure, such as 80 bar, into at least one vortex tube 10, 20.
  • the vortex tube 10 , 20 can be the in Figure 1 and 2 have the structure shown.
  • Two vortex tubes, but also five, ten or one hundred, even a thousand first stage vortex tubes can be connected in parallel.
  • the gas of the warm fraction WF from the second outlet 13, 23 of the vortex tube 10, 20 can have a pressure of 67 bar in this stage.
  • This Colder gas from the cold fraction KF of the vortex tube 10, 20 of the first stage is expanded again, for example to a pressure of 50 bar down to 3 bar.
  • the pressure jump across a vortex tube determines the temperature of the warm fraction and the cold fraction. It always applies that the amounts of heat contained in the warm fraction and the cold fraction, minus the volume work that was done during the expansion of the gas, corresponds to the amount of heat in the gas at the entrance site. By throttling the various outlets of the vortex tube, the temperature of the cold fraction and also the warm fraction can be adjusted, whereby the aforementioned boundary condition always sets itself.
  • the gas of the second cold fraction KF' from the at least one second vortex tube 10', 20' of the second stage in the cascade is then drawn in as liquid gas (LNG) and stored in an insulated tank.
  • LNG liquid gas
  • FIG 4 a sketch of a second variant of the gas expansion system according to the invention is shown as a gas expansion system 200.
  • This gas expansion system 200 corresponds in function to the gas expansion system 100 Figure 3 , although 3 stages of vortex tubes are connected in series.
  • Gas from a source Q flows from the gas high-pressure side GH via an inlet 201 into the gas expansion system 200. After passing through a check/control valve 204, the gas flows under high pressure, such as 80 bar, into at least one vortex tube 10, 20.
  • the vortex tube 10 , 20 can be the in Figure 1 and 2 have the structure shown.
  • vortex tubes of each stage here the first stage, it is also possible in this gas expansion system 200 for vortex tubes of each stage, here the first stage, to be connected in parallel to one another .
  • Two vortex tubes, but also five, ten or one hundred, even a thousand first stage vortex tubes can be connected in parallel become.
  • the gas of the warm fraction WF from the second outlet 13, 23 of the vortex tube 10, 20 can have a pressure of 67 bar in this stage.
  • This colder gas of the cold fraction KF of the vortex tube 10, 20 of the first stage is expanded again, for example to a pressure of 50 bar.
  • the gas of the second cold fraction KF' from the at least one second vortex tube 10', 20' of the second stage in the cascade is then fed to a third vortex tube stage, namely vortex tube 10", 20".
  • a third vortex tube stage namely vortex tube 10", 20".
  • the pressure of the gas for a low pressure line is relaxed to approx. 3 bar, for example.
  • the gas of the third cold fraction KF" from the at least one third vortex tube 10", 20" of the third stage in the cascade is then attracted as liquid gas (LNG) and stored in an insulated tank.
  • LNG liquid gas
  • this gas expansion system for example, a gas with a pressure from 87 bar at the inlet 101 to a pressure of 67 bar at the sink S1 of the first vortex tube stage, to a pressure of 50 bar at the sink S2 of the second vortex tube stage and to a pressure of three bar at the sink S3 of the third vortex tube stage for three different Gas drainage networks relaxed.
  • a third variant of the gas expansion system according to the invention is outlined as a gas expansion system 300.
  • This gas expansion system 300 corresponds to the first two stages of the cascade circuit Figure 1 , however, the output of the second vortex tube stage is fed into a refrigeration machine KM, where the gas is finally liquefied.
  • the waste heat generated in the refrigeration machine KM is transferred to the gas of the second vortex tube stage via a heat exchanger WT, which can also be integrated into the refrigeration machine WM.
  • This system configuration allows, for example, a pressure of 67 in the first vortex tube stage, namely at the depression S1 and to produce a pressure of, for example, 50 bar at the depression S2 of the second vortex tube stage.
  • the first two stages act as precoolers for the refrigeration machine KM, with the warm gas from the warm fractions WF and WF' being diverted into the corresponding gas drainage networks. It should be noted at this point that in this system configuration no waste heat is released into the atmospheric air, but no heat is removed from the atmospheric air either. Like the gas expansion systems already described, this gas expansion system works independently of the atmospheric outside temperature.
  • a fourth variant of the gas expansion system according to the invention is shown as a gas expansion system 400.
  • the circuit of the gas expansion system 400 in Figure 6 initially corresponds to the circuit of the gas expansion system 200, shown in Figure 4 .
  • a first technical feature here is that the warm fraction WF of the first vortex tube stage from the at least one first vortex tube 10, 20 is fed back to the inlet 401 of the gas expansion system 400 via a first compressor VD1.
  • a compressor VD2 is connected with its input to the second output 13, 23 of the at least one first vortex tube 10, 20 and its output is connected to the input 401 of the gas expansion system 101.
  • the gas is heated and thus warms the gas inflow to the system, which also influences the temperatures of the cold fractions KF, KF2', and KF" of the first, second and third vortex tube stages.
  • the aim of the gas expansion system is to ensure that the gas is not too cold on the gas discharge side to produce gas.
  • a technical feature that can be used independently of the first compressor VD1 is that the warm fraction WF of the third vortex tube stage from the at least one third vortex tube 10", 20" via a compressor VD2 to the second output 13 ', 23' of the vortex tube 10', 20' second vortex tube stage is supplied.
  • the combined gases then flow into the gas drainage network connected as a sink S, for example at 50 bar.
  • the gas is heated and thus warms the discharged gas from the gas expansion system. In this gas expansion system, too, no heat is released into the atmosphere and no heat is removed from the atmosphere.
  • This gas expansion system 400 also works independently of the climatic location.
  • the refrigeration machine it is also possible to connect a compressor to the warm fraction of the third vortex tube stage. It can thus be provided that the at least one third vortex tube with its second output for the warm fraction is connected via a compressor to the second output of the at least one second vortex tube, so that the second outputs of the at least one second vortex tube and the at least one third vortex tube are connected to the gas medium pressure network as a sink. Compression also conducts heat into the gas medium pressure network as a sink. The difference between using the chiller as the third stage and the compressor between the third stage and the output of the second stage is the heat and material balance.
  • the flow balance can be adjusted very flexibly by using the refrigeration machine with the dissipation of only the heat into the gas flow of the gas medium pressure side or by supplying the compressed warm fraction to the third vortex tube stage. It is also possible to connect a refrigeration machine and a compressor in parallel to create any desired heat and flow balances in the system.
  • Vortex tube 27 cooling fin 10' Vortex tube 10" Vortex tube 100 Gas expansion system 11 inlet 101 Entrance 11' inlet 104 Shut-off/control valve 11" inlet 12 Outlet, cold fraction 200 Gas expansion system 12' Outlet, cold fraction 204 Shut-off/control valve 12" Outlet, cold fraction 13 outlet, warm fraction 300 Gas expansion system 13' outlet, warm fraction 304 Shut-off/control valve 13" outlet, warm fraction T1 thermometer 20 Vortex tube T2 thermometer 21 Inlet, T2' thermometer 22 Outlet, cold fraction T2" thermometer 23 outlet, warm fraction T3 thermometer 24 Housing T3' thermometer 25 Flow input T3" thermometer 26 Flow exit GH Gas, high pressure side S2 alley valley GM Gas, medium pressure side S3 alley valley GN Gas, low pressure side T.S Partial flow KF Cold fraction VD1 compressor KF' Cold fraction VD2 compressor KF" Cold fraction W1 whirl KM

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Installation de détente de gaz (100, 200, 300, 400), destinée à détendre un gaz et à contrôler sa quantité, prévue pour une utilisation entre
    - une première source de gaz (Q), située en amont du flux gazeux, comme une citerne de gaz, un réseau gazier moyenne pression ou un réseau gazier haute pression ou une caverne de stockage et
    - un deuxième récepteur de gaz (S), comme un consommateur, un réseau gazier basse pression ou une conduite d'alimentation de gaz,
    comportant
    - au moins un premier tube de tourbillonnement (10, 20), qui par l'intermédiaire d'une entrée (101) se trouve en liaison fluidique avec la première source de gaz (Q), située en amont du flux,
    le gaz en provenance de la source de gaz (Q) affluant dans l'au moins un premier tube de tourbillonnement (10, 20) dans une admission (11, 21) tangentielle, et se dégageant hors de deux sorties, sous la forme d'une première sortie (12, 22) pour une première fraction froide (KF) du gaz et sous la forme d'une deuxième sortie (13, 23) pour une deuxième fraction chaude (WF) du gaz,
    caractérisée
    en ce que la fraction froide (KF) du gaz se dégageant hors de la première sortie (12, 22) de l'au moins un tube de tourbillonnement (10, 20) se trouve en liaison fluidique avec une admission (11', 21') d'au moins un deuxième tube de tourbillonnement (10', 20') et se dégage hors de deux sorties, sous la forme d'une première sortie (12', 22') pour une première fraction froide (KF') du gaz et sous la forme d'une deuxième sortie (13', 23') pour une deuxième fraction chaude (WF') du gaz,
    la fraction chaude (WF') de l'au moins un deuxième tube de tourbillonnement (10', 20') se trouvant en liaison fluidique avec le deuxième récepteur de gaz (S, S2), situé en aval du flux gazeux, et
    la fraction froide (KF') de l'au moins un deuxième tube de tourbillonnement (10', 20') se trouvant en liaison fluidique avec une sortie pour du gaz liquéfié (GNL).
  2. Installation de détente de gaz selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée
    en ce qu'entre l'au moins un deuxième tube de tourbillonnement (10', 20') et la sortie pour du gaz liquéfié (GNL) est monté au moins un troisième tube de tourbillonnement (10", 20"),
    la deuxième sortie (13, 23) de l'au moins un premier tube de tourbillonnement (10, 20) étant reliée avec un réseau gazier haute pression en tant que récepteur (S1),
    la deuxième sortie (13', 23') de l'au moins un deuxième tube de tourbillonnement (10', 20') étant reliée avec un réseau gazier moyenne pression en tant que récepteur (S2), et
    la deuxième sortie (13, 23) de l'au moins un troisième tube de tourbillonnement (10", 20") étant reliée avec un réseau gazier basse pression en tant que récepteur (S3).
  3. Installation de détente de gaz selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée
    en ce qu'entre l'au moins un deuxième tube de tourbillonnement (10', 20') et la sortie pour du gaz liquéfié (GNL) est montée au moins une machine frigorifique (KM),
    les rejets thermiques de la machine frigorifique (KM) étant dirigés par l'intermédiaire d'un échangeur thermique (WT) dans le flux gazeux, qui en tant que fraction chaude (WF') se dégage de la deuxième sortie (13, 23) de l'au moins un deuxième tube de tourbillonnement (10', 20') et étant reliés avec le réseau gazier moyenne pression en tant que récepteur (S2).
  4. Installation de détente de gaz selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisée
    en ce que l'au moins un troisième tube de tourbillonnement (10", 20") est relié par sa deuxième sortie (13", 23") pour la fraction chaude (WF") par l'intermédiaire d'un condenseur (VD2) avec la deuxième sortie (13', 13") de l'au moins un deuxième tube de tourbillonnement (10', 20'), de telle sorte que les deuxièmes sorties (13', 13", 23', 23") de l'au moins un deuxième tube de tourbillonnement (10', 20') et de l'au moins un troisième tube de tourbillonnement (10", 20") soient reliées avec le réseau gazier moyenne pression en tant que récepteur (S2).
  5. Installation de détente de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisée
    en ce que par sa deuxième sortie (13, 23) pour la fraction chaude (WF), l'au moins un premier tube de tourbillonnement (10, 20) se trouve en liaison fluidique par l'intermédiaire d'un condenseur (VD1) avec l'entrée (101, 201, 301, 401) de l'installation de détente de gaz (100, 200, 300, 400).
  6. Installation de détente de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisée
    en ce qu'au moins l'un des tubes de tourbillonnement (10, 20, 10', 20', 10", 20") est monté sous la forme d'une batterie de plus d'un tube de tourbillonnement, à l'intérieur d'une batterie, au moins deux tubes de tourbillonnement étant montés à la parallèle l'un de l'autre.
  7. Installation de détente de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisée
    en ce qu'un condenseur et une machine frigorifique sont montés à la parallèle l'un de l'autre et transportent du gaz et de la chaleur émanant de la deuxième sortie d'un étage de tubes de tourbillonnement, qui en tant que fraction chaude se dégagent de l'au moins un tube de tourbillonnement, d'un niveau de pression plus faible vers un niveau de pression plus élevé.
EP20190940.5A 2019-08-14 2020-08-13 Installation de détente de gaz pourvue d'installation de fabrication de gnl Active EP3795885B9 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019121925.6A DE102019121925B4 (de) 2019-08-14 2019-08-14 Gasentspannungsanlage mit LNG-Erzeugungsanlage

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EP3795885A1 EP3795885A1 (fr) 2021-03-24
EP3795885B1 EP3795885B1 (fr) 2023-09-27
EP3795885B9 true EP3795885B9 (fr) 2023-12-13

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DE (1) DE102019121925B4 (fr)
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PL (1) PL3795885T3 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020123406A1 (de) 2020-09-08 2022-03-10 Ontras Gastransport Gmbh Gasentspannungsanlage

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3775988A (en) * 1969-05-23 1973-12-04 L Fekete Condensate withdrawal from vortex tube in gas liquification circuit
GB1268069A (en) * 1969-08-06 1972-03-22 Struthers Scient & Internat Co Gas liquefaction apparatus
DD108146A1 (fr) * 1973-11-12 1974-09-05
US6932858B2 (en) * 2003-08-27 2005-08-23 Gas Technology Institute Vortex tube system and method for processing natural gas
US8613201B2 (en) * 2009-09-08 2013-12-24 Questar Gas Company Methods and systems for reducing pressure of natural gas and methods and systems of delivering natural gas
CN107940235B (zh) * 2017-11-09 2018-10-16 大连理工大学 基于回收来流压力能的超低温环境取热天然气调温调压系统

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DK3795885T3 (da) 2024-01-02
EP3795885B1 (fr) 2023-09-27
DE102019121925B4 (de) 2023-02-09
DE102019121925A1 (de) 2021-02-18
EP3795885A1 (fr) 2021-03-24
PL3795885T3 (pl) 2024-03-18

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