EP3789716A1 - Diffuser guide structure for bulk material containers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a diffuser-guide structure for equalizing the flow of bulk material in a bulk material container, the diffuser-guide structure being formed by at least one central tube which is either open at the top and tapers upwards or is closed at the top. The invention also relates to a bulk material container comprising such a diffuser guide structure and the use of a diffuser guide structure for equalizing a flow of bulk material.

Description

State of the art

In the production and processing of bulk goods, the bulk goods are usually temporarily stored in bulk goods containers or have to flow through bulk goods containers for certain processing steps. Such bulk containers for plastic granulate are among others in the DE 9409062U1 or the DE 3131471 C3 described.

In a classic dryer, air circulates between a drying container and a dehumidifier. In the dehumidifier, dry air is generated, which is blown into the central injection device with a powerful supply air fan. The dry air escapes through the lower cone made of perforated sheet metal into the granulate drying area and essentially rises upwards. The granulate to be dried fed in from above is flowed through in the opposite direction to its flow direction (from top to bottom). The warm, dry air removes the moisture from the granulate and absorbs it. The air humidified in this way is sucked in by the exhaust fan and conveys it on to the air dehumidifier, where it is dehumidified again.

This cycle is a continuous process. The dehumidifier has two dehumidifying lines, with only one line dehumidifying at a time. While one line dehumidifies the air, the other line is "freed" of the previously absorbed moisture; one speaks of regeneration.

When processing hygroscopic plastic granules, dry, warm air flows through them in containers as described above. It is important here that the residence time / throughput time of all bulk plastics should be as uniform as possible over the entire cross-section so that the moisture present in the interior of the granules diffuses to the outside and is absorbed by the dry and warm air can.

If a granulate is not sufficiently dried, the existing moisture leads to massive problems during further processing. Even small amounts of moisture, especially in PET granules, trigger a chain of reactions. At temperatures above the melting point (e.g. 250 ° C for PET), rapid hydrolysis sets in, ie the water separates the chemical components, thereby reducing the molecular weight, along with the lowering of the intrinsic viscosity and the associated physical properties, resulting in a loss in strength.

A granulate with the lowest possible moisture content ensures that the material to be dried has a uniform viscosity during further processing, ie the material properties are not negatively influenced by moisture.

The energy required for drying can only be brought in via the amount of air. However, the air speed may only be selected so high that the bed does not yet "loosen" (loosening point: beginning of the floating of granules). If the air speed is increased above the loosening point, flight promotion begins.

The DE 19536549 A1 belongs to the prior art and discloses a device for loading and emptying a bulk material container. The bulk material is guided above the lower outlet via at least two conically funnel-shaped channels running towards the center of the outlet. These funnel elements should lead to the fact that all areas of the bulk material container are flowed through almost equally by the bulk material. In practice, this device has brought about a certain improvement, but it has not yet been possible to achieve a uniform flow of bulk material.

1. a) Fassungsvermögen (Volumen) des Trockners,
2. b) Vorgegebene Verweilzeit des zu trocknenden Materials (Materialkennwert von z.B. Polyester, PA6/PA6.6 etc.), bei entsprechendem Trocknungsgrad der Luft, sowie Feuchtegehalt des zu trocknenden Gutes)
3. c) Größe Granulatkorn

Most dryer manufacturers derive the calculation of the flow rate from the following physical quantities:

1. a) the capacity (volume) of the dryer,
2. b) Specified dwell time of the material to be dried (material characteristic of e.g. polyester, PA6 / PA6.6 etc.), with a corresponding degree of drying of the air, as well as the moisture content of the goods to be dried)
3. c) Granulate size

In the following, the area between the upper level of the bulk material and the beginning of the funnel area is referred to as sub-area A. The mostly funnel-shaped outlet area is referred to as sub-area B. This is mostly done on the assumption that the granulate moves fairly evenly through the container (in front of all subareas A) and thus also evenly into the funnel of subarea B and thus reaches the exit point. The uniform flow of the bulk material is not the case, particularly in the case of containers with a central injection device. Because here there are two areas in which the material flow or the material movement are extremely different. There is no flow at all in the space above the air distribution cone. The grains of material remain on the flank of the air distribution cone / storage area (in Figure 1 striped indicated). Here the effective material flow is virtually zero.

At the outer edge of the dryer, on the other hand, there is an area of preferred flow (core flow), which in Figure 1 striped is indicated. In this area, the effective material flow is significantly higher than the calculated material flow.

The effective maximum withdrawal amount of sufficiently dried material is, among other things, a function of the core flow flow rate. The amount removed from the dryer must be throttled so that the flow rate in the core flow zone is so slow that each individual grain of material has a sufficient residence time in the dry air flowing through the dryer. Of course, the grain size also plays a role here, since the rate of diffusion of moisture in the grain depends on the material to be dried itself (material property). Furthermore, the maximum withdrawal amount is influenced by the temperature and degree of drying (partial pressure difference, i.e. moisture concentration difference) of the drying air.

The dryers described above (with a centric blowing device) therefore usually have three significant weak points due to the vastly different flow velocities.

1) Design / dimensioning problem

The dimensioning of the dryer designed by the manufacturers with regard to maximum dryer performance (dries xy - kilograms per hour) is not achieved due to the core flow problem / preferred flow, because the residence times of the granules in the core flow area are not sufficient to become dry. The system must be operated (in some cases significantly) below the theoretically calculated maximum design quantity. Alternatively, due to the experience mentioned above, the systems must be dimensioned significantly larger in order to obtain sufficiently well-dried material.

2) Processing / quality problems in further processing (e.g. injection molding machines or fiber production)

Insufficiently dried granulate leads to processing problems due to the onset of hydrolysis and the associated loss of strength. This can be compensated for by reducing the withdrawal amount, whereby the essential question arises as to whether the amount required for the production process can then still be achieved.

But also the overdrying of the material leads to serious quality problems during further processing. Because even material that has been dried for too long (overdried) leads to processing problems. If the granulate, which has been dammed up above the air distribution cone for a long time, ends up in the further process, this leads to massive quality problems. Depending on the material, the long dwell time (remaining on the injection funnel) leads to thermal damage, loss of auxiliary materials (flame hammers, lubricants, plasticizers, etc.) or for condensation of the material and thus a massive increase in viscosity, which has a massive impact on further processing.

This leads to problems not only when melting in the extruder (process pressure or fluctuations in speed in the plasticizing process) but especially when injecting the material into the forming tool. Because at the boundary layers, where material with normal viscosity (from the core flow area) comes to material with a significantly higher viscosity, the material tears open because the materials of the different viscosities only insufficiently bond with one another.

This slipping of the standing material always happens when the dryer is run empty, so that in this case the entire contents of the dryer lead to rejects in the subsequent process.

However, not only when running empty, but also when the overall flow is interrupted (for example a short stop or a change in the amount drawn off from the dryer), the condensed granules are entrained, which also causes the aforementioned problems.

3) Energetic problem

The amount of air that flows through the standing material is ineffective for drying. As a result, it only increases the exhaust air temperature and thus worsens the thermal efficiency.

It was therefore the object of the invention to provide a bulk material container which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art and, above all, enables the bulk material to flow more smoothly.

Description of the invention

The object is achieved by the embodiments of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.

In a first preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a bulk material container comprising a centrally running injection device with an air distribution cone and a diffuser-guide structure for pourable bulk material, the diffuser-guide structure being arranged essentially centrally in the bulk material container and comprising at least one guide plate,
wherein the baffle is arranged at least partially around the air distribution cone and has the shape of a tube which tapers upwards or is closed at the upper end. When the pipe is closed, it is preferred that the tube is closed to a point, for example in the form of a cone.

When the tube tapers upwards, the baffle essentially has the basic shape of a jacket of a truncated cone, the opening on the lower side being larger than the opening on the upper side. This means that this diffuser-guide construction is constructed in such a way that it approximates the geometry of an inverted funnel. This is a departure from the state of the art, because up to now funnel-shaped guide plate constructions have been used to improve the evenness of the material flow. A great advantage of this embodiment is that hardly any volume in the bulk goods container is lost through the construction. This type of diffuser-guide construction is also referred to as an open diffuser-guide construction.

This type of diffuser-guide construction, which is open at the top, distributes the contact pressure of the bulk material over several channels, so that the entire column of material does not stand on a sheet, e.g. the flank of the air distribution cone. This results in a more even flow and less material remains on the sheets.

It is also preferred that the diffuser-guide structure is formed by a pipe which is arranged around the air supply pipe of the central injection device and is closed at the upper end. This prevents bulk material from reaching the air distribution cone and remaining there. The tube is preferably closed above the air supply. It is also preferred that the tube is closed in a tapered manner, for example in the form of a cone. This prevents the pipe closure from creating new areas where there is still space. This variant can be retrofitted relatively easily in existing bulk goods containers.

It is preferred that it is a central injection device which comprises an air supply pipe. The air distribution cone can either be a simple truncated cone, or as in the Figures 2B , 3 and 4th shown, be made approximately trapezoidal. The lower part of such an air distribution cone is usually formed by a perforated sheet metal. It is preferred that the diffuser-guide construction encloses at least the upper part of the air distribution cone. The part that is possibly formed by the perforated plate does not have to be enclosed by the guide plate.

Another preferred possibility is that the guide bleach, which is designed as a tube closed at the top, is formed by the air supply tube of the central injection device. This embodiment is particularly suitable for newly designed bulk goods containers, but can also be retrofitted.

The bulk goods container also includes a mostly funnel-shaped outlet through which the bulk goods can be emptied. It is therefore particularly preferred that the bulk goods container has a cylindrical and a conical portion, the inlet being in fluid communication with the cylindrical portion and the outlet in fluid communication with the conical portion. The diffuser-guide structure is preferably arranged in the cylindrical part of the bulk goods container. The flow channel is preferably located in the cylindrical part of the bulk goods container.

Surprisingly, the diffuser-guide construction according to the invention made it possible to even out the material flow in a bulk material container, preferably a dryer, preferably with a centrally positioned air injection device, in such a way that the aforementioned dimensioning or quality and energy problems could be significantly improved.

The shape of the diffuser guide plates to be introduced can be rolled conically or made from individual trapezoidal segments (polygons). The sheets can be rolled as a whole or consist of several segments.

The bulk goods container according to the invention is preferably a container with a cylindrical basic shape and a funnel-shaped outlet area. The cylindrical area from the upper level of the bulk material to the beginning of the funnel area is preferably referred to as sub-area A. The mostly funnel-shaped outlet area is referred to as sub-area B. The guide plates of the diffuser-guide structure are preferably attached in the cylindrical area of the bulk material container. The guide plates in the container are arranged in a diffuser-like manner from the inside to the outside. It was surprising that this arrangement can improve the equalization of the material flow in such a way. A more even flow of material has positive effects on the quality of the bulk material, as it prevents it from staying too long (drying) and from passing through the container too quickly. This has a positive effect on the material properties.

In the case of the invention, it is particularly important that one or more guide plates / diffuser (s) is / are introduced in a suitable manner in the flow channel of the bulk material, the flow channel preferably representing the entire volume of sub-area A.

The angle, arrangement and height of the guide plates / diffuser (s) are primarily dependent on the container geometry, the shape of the bulk goods, the material of the bulk goods and the coefficient of friction. Depending on the material and area of application, variations here can further improve the result.

The optimal positioning can be determined by a corresponding simulation (for example finite elements) without the person skilled in the art becoming inventive. In order to position the guide plates, it has proven advantageous to attach spacers. These can be in the form of sheets or pipes, for example.

It has been shown here that it is particularly advantageous that at least one diffuser or baffle plate is not designed parallel to the "remaining surface" (namely above the air distribution cone). A non-parallel design results in a particularly uniform flow of material. If a variant with several guide plates is selected, it is particularly preferred that the diffusers are arranged in such a way that the distance between the innermost diffuser and the remaining surface is greater at the top than at the bottom. The deviation from parallelism depends on the incline of the blow-in funnel. A diffuser sheet preferably shows a deviation of at least 3 ° from the imaginary parallel. The deviation is preferably a maximum of 90 ° from the imaginary parallel. 5 ° to 65 ° are particularly preferred.

Surprisingly, in the variant with the tapering open tubes, a certain improvement in the flow is achieved with a guide plate. A plurality of guide plates or diffusers are preferably used, which then together form a diffuser-guide structure. The diffuser-guide construction can comprise several guide plates, preferably two or three, the guide plates having openings of different sizes on the top and bottom and being arranged one inside the other.

For this embodiment, the more guide plates are installed in a suitable manner, the more even the flow of material becomes. The maximum number of baffles does not only depend on the size of the bulk material container or dryer, but also on the material thickness and the size of the bulk material, e.g. the granules that have to flow through the channels. It has been shown that, also with regard to economic factors, three baffles / diffusers are sufficient in most cases.

One or more guide plates can be installed either permanently (i.e. not easily dismantled) or dismantled again. The type of fastening plays a subordinate role here. All common connecting elements can be used (welding, riveting, gluing, pressing, plugging, etc.).

The giant fly bulk material is preferably granules, preferably plastic granules.

The invention proposes a technical construction for equalizing the emptying of a bulk material container with internals, in which the bulk material is branched by the proposed guide structure in such a way that a clear equalization of the bulk material flow above a centrally installed air distribution cone is achieved. The internals can be, for example, a centrally positioned air injection device.

If several guide plates are used, the guide plates can have the same or different slope angles on the base.

The guide plates can also be composed of at least three, preferably four, individual, essentially trapezoidal plates, which are joined together in such a way that the shape approximates a truncated cone. This variant is primarily suitable for the upwardly tapering open tubes.

It is also preferred that the bulk goods container comprises a central injection device with an air distribution cone, the at least one guide plate of the diffuser-guide construction not being parallel to the flanks of the air distribution cone. It is particularly preferred that all guide plates are not arranged parallel to the air distribution cone.

It is also preferred that the diffuser-guide structure is arranged on the outside around the air distribution cone or at least a part of it.

It is advantageous if the diffuser-guide structure, especially the open diffuser-guide structure, comprises additional spacers between the guide plates.

The diffuser-guide construction can either be permanently installed or removable. The person skilled in the art is able to use the respective circumstances and designs to select which variant is more suitable for the respective case without becoming inventive.

It is particularly preferred that the bulk goods container is a bulk goods container for a dryer or a drying system.

In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to the use of a diffuser-guide construction according to the invention in a bulk goods container to even out the flow behavior of bulk goods when emptying the bulk goods container.

The invention thus essentially comprises three particularly preferred embodiments, all of which have the same effect, namely prevent bulk material from accumulating in the bulk material container at certain points, especially the outer area of the air distribution cone, or from flowing at too slow a speed. In one of these preferred embodiments, the diffuser-guide construction is designed in such a way that at least one guide plate in the form of an upwardly tapering tube is arranged around the air supply tube and at least part of the air distribution cone. In a further preferred embodiment, the tube is not tapered towards the top, but rather a straight tube which is closed at the top. This construction prevents bulk material from reaching the outer surfaces of the air distribution cone at all. As an alternative to this, the air supply pipe can also be selected to be so wide that it has at least the width of the air distribution cone in diameter. In this case, the diffuser-guide structure is formed by the air supply pipe itself and thus prevents bulk material from remaining on the flanks of the air distribution cone. All variants lead to a uniform Speed of the bulk material is achieved and thus a uniform drying of the material can be achieved in the case of a dryer. This improves quality and at the same time improves the energy balance of the process.

In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a method for loading and emptying a bulk material container, in which the bulk material is introduced into the bulk material container at the top and exits again at a lower funnel-shaped outlet, the bulk material being branched above the lower outlet via at least two channels, these run from the middle of the bulk goods container to the outside. The channels are advantageously formed by the guide plates.

It is preferred that a bulk goods container according to the invention is used.

All of the described embodiments of the device can be used both for the claimed method and for the claimed use without this having to be explained in detail.

In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a drying device comprising a bulk goods container according to the invention. The drying performance is significantly improved compared to the state of the art due to the increased and uniform quality of the bulk material.

Another advantage of the invention is that the open diffuser guide structure in the lower area of the bulk material container effects targeted guidance and thus quantitative quantification of individual bulk material flows to one another and achieved by reducing the shear and / or transverse forces.

Examples and figures

• Figur 1 :
  Figur 1 zeigt eine Ausführungsform aus dem Stand der Technik. Zu sehen sind die beschrieben Nachteile in Form der gestreiften Flächen. Zum einen bleibt Material auf den Flanken 2 des Luftverteilkegels 3 liegen, zum anderen durchtritt das Material an den äußeren Rändern den Behälter zu schnell. Beides wirkt sich nachteilig auf die Qualität des Schüttguts aus.
• Figur 2 :
  Figur 2 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der offenen Diffusor-Leit- Konstruktion mit drei Leitblechen 8 (A). In Figur B wird zusätzlich der Luftverteilkegel 3 gezeigt und in Figur C wird der Schüttbehälter 9 gezeigt. Gut zu erkennen ist, dass die Diffusor-Leitkonstruktion im zylindrischen Teil des Schüttgutbehälters 9 angeordnet ist.
• Figur 3
  Figur 3 zeigt eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit mehreren Leitblechen 8 einer offenen Diffusor-Leit-Konstruktion. Es ist gezeigt, dass die Leitbleche 8 nicht parallel zu der Flanke 2 des Luftverteilkegels 3 angeordnet sind.
  Dabei ist A1 (Behälter) >A2 und A2 < A3.
  • Schüttgut Einlauf:
    • A₁ = Behälter, A₂ = 1. Diffusor, A₃ = 2. Diffusor, A_n = n-ter Diffusor,
    • A₅ = Rohr führt zu Luftverteilkegel,
    • A₆ = Max Verteilkegel,
  • Schüttgut Auslauf:
    • A'₂ = Diffusor 1, A'₃ = Diffusor 2, A'_n = Diffusor n-ter Fläche Behälter zylindrischer Teil A₁ > Fläche Diffusoren Einlauf A₂ bis A_n(A₁ > A₂ bis A_n)
    • Flächen Diffusoren Einlauf A₂ bis An > Zuluft Verteilkegel (A₂ bis A_n > A₅)
    • Einlauf Diffusoren < Auslauf: (A₂ < A'₂, A₃ < A'₃, A_n < A'_n)
  Dieser Aspekt unterscheidet die Erfindung vom Stand der Technik. Denn die beanspruchten Form der Leitbleche ist anders als im Stand der Technik nicht trichterförmig, sondern kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet.
  • Alle Auslauf Diffusoren < Behälter im zylindrischem Teil (A'₂ bis A'_n < A₁)
  • Alle Auslauf Diffusoren > Max Verteilkegel (A'₂ bis A'_n > A₆)
• Figur 4
  In Figur 4 wird eine Ausführungsform mit einem oben verschlossenen Rohr 11 gezeigt, welches sich nicht nach oben verjüngt. Hier ist zu sehen, dass der Rohrverschluss so gewählt ist, dass keine neue Liegenbleibfläche für das Schüttgut 7 entsteht.
• Figur 5
  In Figur 5 wird die Variante gezeigt, bei der das Leitblech der Diffusor-Leit-Konstruktion durch das Luftzufuhrrohr 10 der zentralen Einblasvorrichtung gebildet wird. Das Luftzufuhrrohr 10 ist damit die Diffusor-Leit-Konstruktion .

The invention is explained below with reference to figures, without being restricted thereto.

• Figure 1 :
  Figure 1 shows an embodiment from the prior art. The disadvantages described can be seen in the form of the striped areas. On the one hand, material remains on the flanks 2 of the air distribution cone 3 ; on the other hand, the material passes through the container too quickly at the outer edges. Both have a detrimental effect on the quality of the bulk material.
• Figure 2 :
  Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the open diffuser-baffle construction with three baffles 8 (A). In Figure B, the air distribution cone 3 is also shown and in Figure C, the hopper 9 is shown. It can be clearly seen that the diffuser guide structure is arranged in the cylindrical part of the bulk goods container 9.
• Figure 3
  Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment of the invention with several baffles 8 of an open diffuser-baffle construction. It is shown that the guide plates 8 are not arranged parallel to the flank 2 of the air distribution cone 3 .
  Where A1 (container)> A2 and A2 <A3.
  • Bulk infeed:
    • A ₁ = container, A ₂ = 1st diffuser, A ₃ = 2nd diffuser, A _n = nth diffuser,
    • A ₅ = pipe leads to air distribution cone,
    • A ₆ = max distribution cone,
  • Bulk goods outlet:
    • A ' ₂ = diffuser 1, A' ₃ = diffuser 2, A ' _n = diffuser n-th surface of container cylindrical part A ₁ > surface of diffusers inlet A ₂ to A _n (A ₁ > A ₂ to A _n )
    • Surface diffusers, inlet A ₂ to An> supply air distribution cone (A ₂ to A _n > A ₅ )
    • Inlet diffusers <outlet: (A ₂ <A ' ₂ , A ₃ <A' ₃ , A _n <A ' _n )
  This aspect distinguishes the invention from the prior art. This is because the claimed shape of the guide plates, unlike in the prior art, is not funnel-shaped, but rather frustoconical.
  • All outlet diffusers <container in the cylindrical part (A ' ₂ to A' _n <A ₁ )
  • All outlet diffusers> max distribution cone (A ' ₂ to A' _n > A ₆ )
• Figure 4
  In Figure 4 an embodiment is shown with a tube 11 closed at the top, which does not taper upwards. It can be seen here that the pipe closure is selected in such a way that no new remaining area for the bulk material 7 is created.
• Figure 5
  In Figure 5 the variant is shown in which the guide plate of the diffuser-guide structure is formed by the air supply pipe 10 of the central injection device. The air supply pipe 10 is thus the diffuser-guide construction.

List of reference symbols

1

Preferential flow

2

Flank of the air distribution cone (remaining area)

3

Air distribution cone

4th

Dehumidifier

5

dry, warm supply air

6th

moist exhaust air

7th

Bulk material

8th

Guide plate of the diffuser-guide construction

9

Bulk container

9A

cylindrical part of the bulk container

9B

conical part of the bulk container

10

Air supply pipe of the central injection device

11

Guide plate of the diffuser guide structure designed as a tube

Claims (15)

Bulk container comprising
a centrally running injection device with an air distribution cone and
a diffuser-guide construction for free-flowing bulk material,
wherein the diffuser-guide construction is arranged essentially centrally in the bulk goods container and comprises at least one guide plate,
wherein the baffle is arranged at least partially around the air distribution cone and has the shape of a tube that tapers upwards or is closed at the upper end, preferably by a conical closure .. Bulk goods container according to claim 1,
wherein the diffuser-guide construction comprises a plurality of guide plates, preferably two or three, and
wherein the guide plates form upwardly tapering tubes and are arranged one inside the other. Bulk goods container according to claim 2,
wherein the baffles have the same or different angles of repose on the base. Bulk goods container according to at least one of the preceding claims,
wherein the at least one upwardly tapering tube is composed of at least three individual, substantially trapezoidal metal sheets which are joined together in such a way as to approximate the shape of a truncated cone. Bulk goods container according to at least one of the preceding claims,
wherein the bulk goods container wherein at least one guide plate of the diffuser-guide construction is not designed parallel to the flanks of the air distribution cone. Bulk goods container according to at least one of the preceding claims,
whereby the diffuser-guide construction connects to the outside of the air distribution cone. Bulk goods container according to at least one of the preceding claims,
wherein the diffuser-baffle structure comprises additional spacers between the baffles. Bulk goods container according to at least one of the preceding claims,
whereby the diffuser-guide construction is permanently installed or can be dismantled. Bulk goods container according to at least one of the preceding claims,
wherein the bulk material container comprises a cylindrical and a conical part, and
wherein the inlet is in fluid communication with the cylindrical part and the outlet is in fluid communication with the conical part, and wherein the diffuser-guide structure is arranged in the cylindrical part. Bulk goods container according to at least one of the preceding claims,
which is a bulk material container for a dryer. Bulk goods container according to claim 1, wherein the guide plate is formed by the plate of the central blowing device and this is closed at the upper end, preferably by a conical closure. Use of a diffuser-guide construction in a bulk goods container to even out the flow behavior of bulk goods when emptying the bulk goods container. Use according to claim 13, wherein the diffuser-guide construction in the lower area of the bulk material container effects a targeted guidance and thus a quantitative quantification of individual bulk material flows to one another and achieved by reducing the shear and / or transverse forces. Use according to one of claims 12 or 13, wherein the diffuser-guide construction is arranged essentially centrally in the bulk goods container and comprises at least one guide plate, wherein the guide plate is arranged at least partially around the air distribution cone and has the shape of a tube that follows is tapered at the top or closed at the top. Method for loading and emptying a bulk material container, in which the bulk material is introduced into the bulk material container at the top and exits at a lower funnel-shaped outlet, the bulk material being branched above the lower outlet via at least two channels, these running from the middle of the bulk material container to the outside .

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