EP3789553A1 - Prefabricated construction element and prefabricated system - Google Patents

Prefabricated construction element and prefabricated system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3789553A1
EP3789553A1 EP20194545.8A EP20194545A EP3789553A1 EP 3789553 A1 EP3789553 A1 EP 3789553A1 EP 20194545 A EP20194545 A EP 20194545A EP 3789553 A1 EP3789553 A1 EP 3789553A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete layer
prefabricated
prestressed
elevations
concrete
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EP20194545.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3789553B1 (en
Inventor
Tankred LENZ
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
    • E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/32—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material
    • E04C2/322—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material; composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material with parallel corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a prefabricated element and a prefabricated system in lightweight construction, which is suitable for wall and ceiling construction.
  • Prefabricated components are assembled at the construction site in a short time to form a building.
  • Such prefabricated components can be manufactured in solid or lightweight construction.
  • Prefabricated structural elements in solid construction such as reinforced concrete slabs, have the advantage that they can be used as load-bearing elements, while prefabricated structural elements in lightweight construction, such as wood or plasterboard, usually only have a space-enclosing function.
  • prefabricated structural elements in solid construction are very heavy and are often not ecologically sustainable in their production and disposal, since they are difficult to recycle, for example.
  • Prefabricated elements in Lightweight constructions have a lower weight and are usually more environmentally friendly in their production and disposal, but compared to prefabricated structural elements in solid construction have a shorter service life, poorer sound and thermal insulation and also poorer strength and fire safety.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming these disadvantages and providing a prefabricated element and a prefabricated system in lightweight construction which, despite a low mass, offer a high load-bearing capacity, a long service life, a high level of sound and heat insulation and also a high level of fire protection.
  • a prefabricated structural element according to the invention has a prestressed surface structure element made of textile concrete, a top-concrete layer and / or a sub-concrete layer.
  • the prestressed planar structure element is designed as a folded structure which has a fold or fold structure which is formed by elevations and / or depressions in the prestressed planar structure element.
  • the concrete layer is formed on a surface of the prestressed planar structure element in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the concrete layer forms a flat surface which is aligned plane-parallel to the planar structure element.
  • the concrete layer can thus, for example, form a uniform, even base for a later floating screed.
  • the sub-concrete layer is formed solely on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element or in addition to a concrete layer on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element arranged opposite the concrete layer in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold such that the sub-concrete layer forms a flat surface that is plane-parallel to the Tensile structure element is aligned.
  • the prefabricated construction element thus offers both the advantages of a solid concrete construction element and those of a lightweight construction element. It has a high Load-bearing capacity, service life, sound and thermal insulation and also a high level of fire protection security, but can nevertheless be designed with low material thicknesses and, as a result, with a very low weight. In vertical applications, this can, for example, increase the usable floor space of a building.
  • the prefabricated component is therefore particularly suitable for large-format wall and / or ceiling elements.
  • a high load-bearing capacity despite the savings in material and weight can be achieved, on the one hand, by the structural element made of textile concrete.
  • Textile concrete typically consists of a concrete matrix and a textile reinforcement that is significantly lighter than a comparable metallic reinforcement. From textile concrete, which is prestressed with a tensile stress, prestressed surface structure elements can be formed which give the prefabricated structural element a high load-bearing capacity despite its low weight due to its prestress.
  • an improved load-bearing capacity can also be achieved by folding the structural element and the concrete or sub-concrete layer.
  • the folding of the planar structure element brings about a folding stiffening of the planar structure element, with which the compressive strength and flexural strength of the prefabricated structural element can be increased.
  • the structural element and the concrete or sub-concrete layer can interlock positively due to the folding in such a way that a shear connection can be formed between the structural element and the concrete or sub-concrete layer, by means of which the rigidity of the prefabricated element can be additionally increased.
  • a rigidity of the prefabricated component can be achieved that can be greater than the sum of the rigidity of the individual components of the prefabricated component.
  • the top-concrete or sub-concrete layer can also have a positive effect on the service life of the prefabricated construction element, since they protect the textile concrete of the structural element from detaching the concrete cover of the textile reinforcement.
  • the depressions and / or elevations of the fold can preferably be used as linear depressions and / or elevations which can be arranged parallel to one another in the fold.
  • the depressions and / or elevations can be designed, for example, with a semicircular, rectangular, triangular and / or trapezoidal cross section. In particular, they can be designed as semicircular beads, box beads, triangular beads and / or trapezoidal beads.
  • the prestressed planar structure element can be used as a prestressed trapezoidal folded plate, e.g. B. be formed with equidistant parallel trapezoidal beads.
  • the depressions and / or elevations can, however, also be arranged and designed in such a way that forces or moments acting locally on the prefabricated component can be taken into account.
  • This relates, for example, to the spacing and shape of depressions and / or elevations, which can be defined locally changed in order to be able to take into account locally acting higher or lower acting forces and moments.
  • the prestressed planar structure element is preferably formed from a prestressed textile concrete with an immediate bond.
  • a prestressed textile concrete with an immediate bond is to be understood as a textile concrete in which a load-oriented uniaxial or multiaxial prestressed textile reinforcement with a prestressing force on tension is firmly bonded with a concrete matrix and the prestressing force of the reinforcement is carried out after the concrete matrix has hardened the release of the prestressing was transferred to the concrete matrix.
  • Such prestressed planar structures have the advantage that they can be completely finished at the factory and also cut to size in length.
  • the prestressed planar structure element of the prefabricated structural element can in particular be formed with at least one prestressed textile reinforcement made of carbon, basalt and / or glass fibers.
  • Such reinforcements can, for example, be in the form of rovings, ie fiber bundles, nets and / or mats, whereby the reinforcements can also be impregnated with plastics, in particular a resin, and / or can be multilayered to improve their load-bearing behavior.
  • the prestressed, textile reinforcement is formed with scrim strips made of carbon rovings, which are arranged in the folded structure with their longitudinal axis, preferably along linear elevations and / or depressions of the fold are.
  • Reinforcements of this type can be pretensioned and set in concrete in a particularly uncomplicated way for the production of the folded structure.
  • the textile reinforcement can also be designed as a lay-up mat, which is designed in a complementary manner to the folding of the folding mechanism and is arranged in the folding mechanism following the folding.
  • the prefabricated element is mainly composed of concrete as the basic material, it has a higher level of fire protection and also a higher level of sound insulation compared to conventional lightweight elements made of wood or plaster of paris.
  • the shape of the surface structure element i.e. H. the folding and also the closed surface of the planar structure element, in contrast to polyhedral openwork formwork or frameworks, have a positive effect on sound insulation and thus on room acoustics.
  • the textile reinforcement of the planar structure element and thus the prefabricated structural element not only conducts sound but also heat significantly worse than metallic reinforcements, so that thermal bridges and thus heat losses through the prefabricated structural element can be reduced.
  • the top-concrete layer and / or the sub-concrete layer can be formed from a lightweight concrete, in particular a foam concrete or porous lightweight concrete.
  • Foam or porous lightweight concretes are concretes that are produced using foam or air-entraining agents. As a rule, they have an air pore content of> 30% by volume and aggregates with a diameter of less than 2 mm and a density of less than 1000 kg / m 3 , preferably less than 200 kg / m 3 .
  • the prefabricated structural elements can be designed with particularly good heat and sound insulation properties and, moreover, a high level of fire resistance by means of a top-concrete layer and / or a sub-concrete layer made of foam concrete or porous lightweight concrete.
  • a top-concrete layer and / or a sub-concrete layer made of foam concrete or porous lightweight concrete.
  • anchors that are arranged in the top and / or sub-concrete layer or between the top and sub-concrete layer are protected by the top and / or sub-concrete layer, so that the risk of collapse in the event of fire for constructions made from the prefabricated elements is reduced can be.
  • the prefabricated building elements can be created very quickly and easily at the factory by foaming the structural element with foam or porous lightweight concrete and steam hardening of the foam or porous lightweight concrete. Channels for later installations can already be formed in the factory in the top layer and / or sub-concrete layer, as well as particularly flat surfaces of the top concrete layer and / or sub-concrete layer, which are suitable for direct coating with spatula or paint without further preparation steps.
  • the concrete layer on top and / or under the concrete layer can be separated from the structural element and crushed into homogeneous, reusable gravel, so that the prefabricated building element can be easily recycled.
  • the prefabricated building element is therefore characterized by a very good ecological balance due to the simple production, the material and weight savings, the advantageous thermal insulation properties and also the recyclability.
  • the prefabricated structural elements can be designed with connecting elements, by means of which prefabricated structural elements can be releasably connected to other structural elements, but also to one another. As a result, individual room cells but also multi-storey structures can be built with the prefabricated structural elements with a corresponding joint design, which can be very easily dismantled.
  • the prefabricated elements are therefore suitable, for example, as reusable prefabricated elements for mobile buildings.
  • the term “component” should be understood to mean all types of molded parts that can be used in construction.
  • the prefabricated building element preferably has a transverse yoke with at least one anchoring element on at least one outer end face, by means of which the prefabricated building element can be connected to a building element or a further prefabricated building element.
  • the transverse yoke can be cast at the same time as the trapezoidal sheet is manufactured, or it can be glued to the trapezoidal sheet at a later date.
  • the prefabricated building element can also have at least one anchoring element in the concrete layer, by means of which the prefabricated building element with a building element or can be connected to another prefabricated component.
  • the at least one anchoring element in the concrete layer can advantageously be arranged in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold.
  • the anchoring elements can be designed, for example, as bolt or detachable screw connection elements, which can also be cast into the transverse yoke or the concrete layer.
  • the cross yoke can preferably be designed in the respective end face in such a way that it forms a support for the component when the prefabricated component is connected to a component, i. H. the transverse yoke can be made so large that the contact surface between the component and the prefabricated component, which is formed when the component is connected to the anchoring element of the transverse yoke, can be formed entirely with the transverse yoke.
  • a uniform load application can be achieved in the prefabricated building element, so that the prefabricated building element can also absorb off-center loads.
  • the contact surface between the prefabricated structural elements can be formed with the transverse yokes of the respective prefabricated structural element.
  • a particularly uniform load application can be achieved with cross yokes made of reinforced concrete.
  • the prefabricated structural elements can particularly preferably be designed as wall or ceiling elements.
  • Prefabricated building elements that are designed as ceiling elements should advantageously have at least one anchoring element in the concrete layer in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the folds of the prestressed surface structure element, by means of which the ceiling element can be connected to a building element or another prefabricated building element.
  • the concrete layer on the surface of the prestressed surface structure element is advantageously formed in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold of the prestressed surface structure element so that the concrete layer with the elevations and / or depressions of the fold forms a flat surface which is plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element is aligned.
  • the folded structure can provide a direct support surface for a component or another prefabricated component that is connected to the ceiling element can be connected by means of the anchoring element, form and relieve the concrete layer.
  • the sub-concrete layer is advantageously formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element arranged opposite the top concrete layer in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold of the prestressed surface structure element, so that the sub-concrete layer covers the depressions and / or elevations of the fold and forms a flat surface, which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element.
  • the sub-concrete layer can thus be designed as a continuous surface that has good thermal insulation and fire protection and can be coated directly with spatula or paint.
  • Prefabricated structural elements that are designed as wall elements should advantageously have a transverse yoke with at least one anchoring element on at least one outer end face, by means of which the wall element abuts on the end face or on a side surface of the wall element formed with the transverse yoke at a right angle with a structural element or can be connected to another prefabricated component.
  • the at least one anchoring element can be designed or aligned in the transverse yoke, for example, perpendicular or parallel to the respective end face of the wall element.
  • the concrete layer on the surface of the prestressed surface structure element and the sub-concrete layer on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element arranged opposite the concrete layer can be formed in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold of the prestressed surface structure element in such a way that the concrete layer and the sub-concrete layer form the depressions and / or each cover elevations of the fold and each form flat surfaces which are aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed planar structure element.
  • the concrete layer on top and the concrete base layer can completely cover the surface of the planar structure element.
  • the anchoring elements can be designed, for example, as bolts made of metal or glass fiber reinforced plastic, as dowels, composite anchors or screwing elements. You can for example by spreading, ie a plastic deformation of the anchoring element or be fastened by cutting a thread by means of the anchoring element in the prefabricated building element, so that the anchoring elements can be easily removed for recycling the prefabricated building elements.
  • the anchoring elements can also be made by means of a binding agent, e.g. B. a potting compound, be fixed in the prefabricated component or be cast as inserts already during the formation of the top-concrete or sub-concrete layer or a transverse yoke in this.
  • a prefabricated building system has at least two prefabricated building elements according to the invention which, as described, can be connected to one another by means of the anchoring elements on an outer end face or on the concrete layer or the sub-concrete layer and can be designed as wall elements or ceiling elements.
  • Figure 1 is shown in a schematic sectional view of a front view and a side view of an example of a prefabricated component.
  • the prefabricated construction element has a tensile prestressed surface structure element 1 made of textile concrete, a top-concrete layer 2 and a sub-concrete layer 3.
  • the prestressed planar structure element 1 is designed as a folded structure that has a fold which is formed by elevations and / or depressions in the prestressed planar structure element 1.
  • the concrete layer 2 is formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the concrete layer 2 forms a flat surface which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element 1.
  • the sub-concrete layer 3 is formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 arranged opposite the top concrete layer 2 in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the sub-concrete layer 3 forms a flat surface which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element 1 and against Falling out is secured.
  • the prefabricated component has a very low weight, a high load-bearing capacity, a long service life, a high level of sound and heat insulation and also a high level of fire protection.
  • the prestressed planar structure element 1 of the prefabricated construction element is designed as a folded structure which has a fold formed by linear, equidistant and parallel elevations and / or depressions.
  • the elevations and / or depressions are designed, in particular, as trapezoidal beads, that is to say the folding mechanism is designed as a trapezoidal folding panel.
  • the prestressed planar structure element 1 can be formed from a prestressed textile concrete with at least one textile reinforcement 4 with an immediate bond.
  • the prestressed surface structure element 1 is formed from a prestressed textile concrete with an immediate bond, which has at least one textile reinforcement 4 made of carbon fiber bundles, so-called rovings.
  • the textile reinforcement is designed as laid strips which, in the example shown, are arranged with their longitudinal axis along the linear elevations and / or linear depressions of the folded structure.
  • the textile reinforcement can also be formed from basalt and / or glass fiber bundles.
  • the textile reinforcement can also be designed as a three-dimensional folded structure that is complementary to the folding of the planar structure element 1 and follows the fold in the planar structure element 1 is arranged.
  • the fibers can be embedded in concrete and / or a plastic.
  • the top-concrete layer 2 and / or the sub-concrete layer 3 are in the example shown Figure 1 formed from a foam concrete or aerated lightweight concrete.
  • the prefabricated structural element can be made diffusion-open and yet heat and sound-insulating and also fire-proof.
  • Foam concrete or porous lightweight concrete also facilitate the production of the prefabricated building element.
  • the top-concrete layer 2 and / or the sub-concrete layer 3 can be formed very flat in a short time, so that untreated they are suitable for direct coating with spatula, paint or plaster.
  • possible installations can already be embedded in the top-concrete layer 2 and / or the sub-concrete layer 3 during manufacture. Thanks to the foam concrete or lightweight porous concrete, the prefabricated structural element can also be recycled, so that it has a very good ecological balance overall.
  • the prefabricated element is formed on at least one outer end face with a transverse yoke 5, which can be formed, for example, from reinforced concrete.
  • At least one anchoring element 6 (in Figures 4 and 5 shown), by means of which the prefabricated component can be connected to another component 7 or a further prefabricated component.
  • the anchoring element 6 can be formed in the transverse yoke 5, for example, perpendicular or parallel to the respective outer end face of the prefabricated component, so that the prefabricated component abuts on the respective end face or at an outer side surface formed with the transverse yoke 5 at a right angle with a component 7 or can be connected to another prefabricated component. Examples are in the Figures 4 and 5 shown.
  • the transverse yoke 5 can in particular be designed as an intermediate support for the component 7 or the further prefabricated component to which the prefabricated component can be connected, that is, the transverse yoke 5 can be made so large that the contact surface that occurs when the prefabricated component is connected to the component 7 or a further prefabricated element by means of the at least one anchoring element 6 of the transverse yoke 5 between the Prefabricated component and the component 7 or a further prefabricated component is formed completely with the transverse yoke 5.
  • a uniform load application can be achieved in the prefabricated building element, so that the prefabricated building element can also absorb off-center loads.
  • the transverse yoke 5 can in particular also be designed in cantilevered prefabricated components as a support on loaded surfaces of the collar end.
  • at least one anchoring element 6 can also be placed in the concrete layer 2 (in Figure 2 shown) and / or the sub-concrete layer 3, by means of which the prefabricated building element can be connected to the top-concrete layer 2 and / or the sub-concrete layer 3 with a further building element 7.
  • the prefabricated building element can in particular be designed with at least one detachable anchoring element 6, so that corresponding constructions from the prefabricated building elements can be easily dismantled and reused.
  • the number and arrangement of the transverse yokes 5 and anchoring elements 6 can be variably adapted to the respective dimensions, installation direction and loads on the prefabricated component.
  • the prefabricated component can in particular also be designed as a wall or ceiling element.
  • Such prefabricated elements can typically be designed with a width in the range from 1.20 meters to 2.40 meters, a length between 3 meters to 8 meters and a wall or ceiling thickness of 15 cm to 40 cm and also intermediate yokes for intermediate levels and / or openings, for example for doors or windows.
  • the transverse yokes and / or intermediate yokes can also have tensioning channels through which the prefabricated components, for example to bridge openings with tendons, such as. B. tie rods can be clamped together.
  • the prefabricated components can be segmented, ie formed in subsections, the joints between the individual subsections typically being formed with knobs on the respective yoke perpendicular to the main direction of support of the clamped subsections.
  • the prefabricated components can therefore also be used for constructions in segment construction.
  • the prefabricated components can also be designed with beams to distribute the load.
  • Figure 2 shows, in a schematic sectional side view, an example of a prefabricated structural element designed as a ceiling element. Recurring features are in this Figure 2 , as in the following figures, are provided with identical reference numerals.
  • the prefabricated building element has at least one anchoring element 6, in the example shown, a screwing element, by means of which the ceiling element can be detachably connected to a building element 7 or another prefabricated building element in the recesses and / or between the elevations of the fold in the concrete layer 2.
  • the concrete layer 2 on the surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 is formed in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the concrete layer 2 with the elevations and / or depressions of the fold forms a flat surface which is plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element 1 is aligned.
  • the folded structure forms a direct support surface for the component 7 or for a further prefabricated component, and the concrete layer 2 is relieved.
  • the sub-concrete layer 3 is advantageously formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 arranged opposite the top-concrete layer 2 in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the sub-concrete layer 3 covers the depressions and / or elevations of the fold and forms a flat surface, which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element 1.
  • FIG 3 an example of a prefabricated structural element designed as a wall element is shown in a schematic lateral sectional view.
  • the prefabricated component has a transverse yoke 5 with an anchoring element 6 (in Figures 4 and 5 shown), by means of which the prefabricated component can be connected to a component 7 or a further prefabricated component at a right angle on the end face or on a side surface of the prefabricated component formed with the transverse yoke 5.
  • the concrete layer 2 on the surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 and the sub-concrete layer 3 on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 arranged opposite the concrete layer 2 are in this way in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the folds of the prestressed surface structure element 1 designed so that the top-concrete layer 2 and the sub-concrete layer 3 each cover the depressions and / or elevations of the fold and each form flat surfaces which are aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element 1.
  • the Figures 4 and 5 show examples of prefabricated systems in schematic sectional views.
  • Prefabricated building systems have at least two prefabricated building elements which can be connected to one another by means of the anchoring elements 6.
  • the anchoring elements 6 can be arranged in the concrete layer 2 or in the transverse yoke 5 of the respective prefabricated structural element.
  • the Figures 4 and 5 each show prefabricated systems with more than two prefabricated elements; those skilled in the art can refer to the examples of Figures 4 and 5 , as well as the example of Figure 2 however, it can also be seen how prefabricated systems can be designed with just two prefabricated elements.
  • Figure 4 shows an example of a prefabricated building system in which three prefabricated building elements can be connected to one another in a T-shape.
  • the anchoring elements 6 are formed in the transverse yokes 5 each perpendicular or parallel to the end face of the prefabricated building elements, so that the prefabricated building elements on surfaces, each of a transverse yoke 5 with an anchoring element 6 arranged perpendicular to the end face and a cross yoke 5 with an anchoring element arranged parallel to the end face 6 can be connected to each other at a right angle.
  • a prefabricated system in which four prefabricated elements can be connected to one another in a cross shape.
  • the anchoring elements 6 are each arranged perpendicular to the end faces of the prefabricated elements in the transverse yokes 5 of the prefabricated elements, so that two prefabricated elements arranged opposite one another can be butt-connected to one another at the respective end faces and two further prefabricated elements at a right angle on the side surfaces, which are connected by the Cross yokes 5 of the two butt-connected prefabricated components are formed, each opposite to the prefabricated components connected to the butt-connected prefabricated components with these can be connected.
  • the prefabricated structural elements connected to one another at their end faces can, for example, be designed as ceiling elements, while the prefabricated structural elements are rectangular are connected to these prefabricated structural elements connected to them but can be designed as wall elements.
  • the transverse yokes 5 can also, as in Figure 5 shown schematically, be designed as intermediate supports, ie the transverse yokes 5 can each be formed on or as contact surfaces or force transmission surfaces between the prefabricated components.

Abstract

Das Fertigbauelement weist ein vorgespanntes Flächentragwerkelement (1) aus Textilbeton, eine Aufbetonschicht (2) und/oder eine Unterbetonschicht (3) auf. Das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement (1) ist als Faltwerk ausgebildet, das eine Faltung aufweist, die durch Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen im vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement (1) gebildet ist. Die Aufbetonschicht (2) ist auf einer Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes (1) derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet, dass die Aufbetonschicht (2) eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement (1) ausgerichtet ist. Allein oder zusätzlich ist die Unterbetonschicht (3) auf einer der Aufbetonschicht (2) gegenüberliegend angeordneten Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes (1) derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet, dass die Unterbetonschicht (3) eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement (1) ausgerichtet ist.The prefabricated building element has a prestressed surface load-bearing structure element (1) made of textile concrete, a top-concrete layer (2) and / or a sub-concrete layer (3). The prestressed planar structure element (1) is designed as a folded structure which has a fold which is formed by elevations and / or depressions in the prestressed planar structure element (1). The concrete layer (2) is formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element (1) in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the concrete layer (2) forms a flat surface which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element (1) . Alone or in addition, the sub-concrete layer (3) is formed in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element (1) arranged opposite the top-concrete layer (2) in such a way that the sub-concrete layer (3) forms a flat surface, which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element (1).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fertigbauelement und ein Fertigbausystem in Leichtbauweise, das für den Wand- und Deckenbau geeignet ist.The invention relates to a prefabricated element and a prefabricated system in lightweight construction, which is suitable for wall and ceiling construction.

Aufgrund geringerer Bauzeiten werden zunehmend mehr Gebäude in Fertigbauweise bzw. Systembauweise hergestellt. Dabei werden werksseitig vorgefertigte Bauelemente, sogenannte Fertigbauelemente, auf der Baustelle in kurzer Zeit zu einem Gebäude zusammengefügt. Solche Fertigbauelemente können in Massivbauweise oder Leichtbauweise gefertigt sein. Fertigbauelemente in Massivbauweise, wie beispielsweise Stahlbetonplatten, haben den Vorteil, dass sie als tragende Elemente eingesetzt werden können, während Fertigbauelemente in Leichtbauweise, wie beispielsweise Holz- oder Gipswerkplatten, meist nur eine raumabschließende Funktion haben. Fertigbauelemente in Massivbauweise weisen allerdings ein hohes Gewicht auf und sind häufig in ihrer Herstellung und Entsorgung ökologisch nicht nachhaltig, da sie beispielsweise nur schwer recycelt werden können. Fertigbauelemente in Leichtbauweise haben ein geringeres Gewicht und sind in ihrer Herstellung und Entsorgung meist umweltverträglicher, weisen jedoch im Vergleich zu Fertigbauelemente in Massivbauweise eine kürzere Lebensdauer, eine schlechtere Schall- und Wärmedämmung und auch eine schlechtere Festigkeit und Brandschutzsicherheit auf.Due to shorter construction times, an increasing number of prefabricated or system-based buildings are being built. Prefabricated components, so-called prefabricated components, are assembled at the construction site in a short time to form a building. Such prefabricated components can be manufactured in solid or lightweight construction. Prefabricated structural elements in solid construction, such as reinforced concrete slabs, have the advantage that they can be used as load-bearing elements, while prefabricated structural elements in lightweight construction, such as wood or plasterboard, usually only have a space-enclosing function. However, prefabricated structural elements in solid construction are very heavy and are often not ecologically sustainable in their production and disposal, since they are difficult to recycle, for example. Prefabricated elements in Lightweight constructions have a lower weight and are usually more environmentally friendly in their production and disposal, but compared to prefabricated structural elements in solid construction have a shorter service life, poorer sound and thermal insulation and also poorer strength and fire safety.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, diese Nachteile zu überwinden und ein Fertigbauelement und ein Fertigbausystem in Leichtbauweise bereitzustellen, die trotz einer geringen Masse eine hohe Tragfähigkeit, eine lange Lebensdauer, eine hohe Schall- und Wärmedämmung und auch eine hohe Brandschutzsicherheit bieten.The present invention is therefore based on the object of overcoming these disadvantages and providing a prefabricated element and a prefabricated system in lightweight construction which, despite a low mass, offer a high load-bearing capacity, a long service life, a high level of sound and heat insulation and also a high level of fire protection.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch ein Fertigbauelement nach Anspruch 1 und Fertigbausystem nach Anspruch 10. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen beschrieben.This object is achieved according to the invention by a prefabricated element according to claim 1 and a prefabricated system according to claim 10. Advantageous embodiments and developments are described in the dependent claims.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Fertigbauelement weist ein vorgespanntes Flächentragwerkelement aus Textilbeton, eine Aufbetonschicht und/oder eine Unterbetonschicht auf. Das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement ist als Faltwerk ausgebildet, das eine Faltung bzw. Faltenstruktur aufweist, die durch Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen im vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement gebildet ist. Die Aufbetonschicht ist auf einer Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet, dass die Aufbetonschicht eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum Flächentragwerkelement ausgerichtet ist. Die Aufbetonschicht kann somit beispielsweise eine gleichmäßige, ebene Unterlage für einen späteren schwimmenden Estrich bilden. Die Unterbetonschicht ist allein auf einer Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes oder zusätzlich zu einer Aufbetonschicht auf einer der Aufbetonschicht gegenüberliegend angeordneten Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet, dass die Unterbetonschicht eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum Flächentragwerkelement ausgerichtet ist. Das Fertigbauelement bietet dadurch sowohl die Vorteile eines massiven Betonbauelementes als auch die eines Leichtbauelementes. Es weist eine hohe Tragfähigkeit, Lebensdauer, Schall- und Wärmedämmung und auch eine hohe Brandschutzsicherheit auf, kann dabei aber dennoch mit geringen Materialstärken und infolgedessen mit einem sehr geringen Gewicht ausgebildet werden. Bei vertikalen Anwendungen kann dadurch beispielsweise die nutzbare Grundfläche eines Gebäudes vergrößert werden. Das Fertigbauelement eignet sich somit insbesondere für großformatige Wand- und/oder Deckenelemente.A prefabricated structural element according to the invention has a prestressed surface structure element made of textile concrete, a top-concrete layer and / or a sub-concrete layer. The prestressed planar structure element is designed as a folded structure which has a fold or fold structure which is formed by elevations and / or depressions in the prestressed planar structure element. The concrete layer is formed on a surface of the prestressed planar structure element in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the concrete layer forms a flat surface which is aligned plane-parallel to the planar structure element. The concrete layer can thus, for example, form a uniform, even base for a later floating screed. The sub-concrete layer is formed solely on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element or in addition to a concrete layer on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element arranged opposite the concrete layer in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold such that the sub-concrete layer forms a flat surface that is plane-parallel to the Tensile structure element is aligned. The prefabricated construction element thus offers both the advantages of a solid concrete construction element and those of a lightweight construction element. It has a high Load-bearing capacity, service life, sound and thermal insulation and also a high level of fire protection security, but can nevertheless be designed with low material thicknesses and, as a result, with a very low weight. In vertical applications, this can, for example, increase the usable floor space of a building. The prefabricated component is therefore particularly suitable for large-format wall and / or ceiling elements.

Eine hohe Tragfähigkeit trotz Material- und Gewichtsersparnis kann zum einen durch das Flächentragwerkelement aus Textilbeton erreicht werden. Textilbeton besteht typischerweise aus einer Betonmatrix und einer textilen Bewehrung, die deutlich leichter als eine vergleichbare metallische Bewehrungen ist. Aus Textilbeton, der mit einer Zugspannung vorgespannt ist, lassen sich vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelemente ausbilden, die dem Fertigbauelement trotz eines geringen Eigengewichts aufgrund ihrer Vorspannung eine hohe Tragfähigkeit verleihen.A high load-bearing capacity despite the savings in material and weight can be achieved, on the one hand, by the structural element made of textile concrete. Textile concrete typically consists of a concrete matrix and a textile reinforcement that is significantly lighter than a comparable metallic reinforcement. From textile concrete, which is prestressed with a tensile stress, prestressed surface structure elements can be formed which give the prefabricated structural element a high load-bearing capacity despite its low weight due to its prestress.

Eine verbesserte Tragfähigkeit kann zum anderen auch durch die Faltung des Flächentragwerkelementes und die Aufbeton- bzw. Unterbetonschicht erreicht werden. Die Faltung des Flächentragwerkelementes bewirkt eine Faltversteifung des Flächentragwerkelementes, mit der die Druck- und Biegefestigkeit des Fertigbauelements erhöht werden können. Darüber hinaus können das Flächentragwerkelement und die Aufbeton- bzw. Unterbetonschicht aufgrund der Faltung formschlüssig derart ineinandergreifen, dass ein Schubverbund zwischen dem Flächentragwerkelement und der Aufbeton- bzw. Unterbetonschicht ausgebildet werden kann, durch den die Steifigkeit des Fertigbauelements zusätzlich erhöht werden kann. Im vollen Schubverbund kann dadurch eine Steifigkeit des Fertigbauelements erreicht werden, die größer als die Summe der Steifigkeiten der einzelnen Komponenten des Fertigbauelements sein kann. Die Aufbeton- bzw. Unterbetonschicht können sich außerdem auch positiv auf die Lebensdauer des Fertigbauelements auswirken, da sie den Textilbeton des Flächentragwerkelementes vor einem Ablösen der Betondeckung der textilen Bewehrung schützen.On the other hand, an improved load-bearing capacity can also be achieved by folding the structural element and the concrete or sub-concrete layer. The folding of the planar structure element brings about a folding stiffening of the planar structure element, with which the compressive strength and flexural strength of the prefabricated structural element can be increased. In addition, the structural element and the concrete or sub-concrete layer can interlock positively due to the folding in such a way that a shear connection can be formed between the structural element and the concrete or sub-concrete layer, by means of which the rigidity of the prefabricated element can be additionally increased. In the full shear bond, a rigidity of the prefabricated component can be achieved that can be greater than the sum of the rigidity of the individual components of the prefabricated component. The top-concrete or sub-concrete layer can also have a positive effect on the service life of the prefabricated construction element, since they protect the textile concrete of the structural element from detaching the concrete cover of the textile reinforcement.

Für eine hohe Steifigkeit und einfache Herstellung des Fertigbauelementes können die Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen der Faltung vorzugsweise als linienförmige Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen ausgebildet sein, die in der Faltung parallel zueinander angeordnet sein können. Die Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen können beispielsweise mit einem halbrunden, rechteckigen, dreieckigen und/oder trapezförmigen Querschnitt ausgebildet sein. Sie können insbesondere als Halbrundsicken, Kastensicken, Dreiecksicken und/oder Trapezsicken ausgebildet sein. Das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement kann als vorgespannte Trapezfaltwerkplatte, z. B. mit äquidistant parallel zueinander verlaufenden Trapezsicken ausgebildet sein. Die Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen können aber auch so angeordnet und ausgebildet sein, dass am Fertigbauelement lokal differenziert wirkende Kräfte oder Momente berücksichtigt werden können. Dies betrifft zum Beispiel die Abstände und Form von Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen, die lokal verändert definiert werden können, um lokal wirkende höhere oder kleinere wirkende Kräfte und Momente berücksichtigen zu können.For high rigidity and simple production of the prefabricated component, the depressions and / or elevations of the fold can preferably be used as linear depressions and / or elevations which can be arranged parallel to one another in the fold. The depressions and / or elevations can be designed, for example, with a semicircular, rectangular, triangular and / or trapezoidal cross section. In particular, they can be designed as semicircular beads, box beads, triangular beads and / or trapezoidal beads. The prestressed planar structure element can be used as a prestressed trapezoidal folded plate, e.g. B. be formed with equidistant parallel trapezoidal beads. The depressions and / or elevations can, however, also be arranged and designed in such a way that forces or moments acting locally on the prefabricated component can be taken into account. This relates, for example, to the spacing and shape of depressions and / or elevations, which can be defined locally changed in order to be able to take into account locally acting higher or lower acting forces and moments.

Das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement ist vorzugsweise aus einem vorgespannten Textilbeton mit sofortigem Verbund gebildet. Unter einem vorgespannten Textilbeton mit sofortigem Verbund soll dabei ein Textilbeton verstanden werden, bei dem eine belastungsorientiert einachsig- oder mehrachsig mit einer Vorspannkraft auf Zug vorgespannte, textile Bewehrung stoff- und kraftschlüssig mit einer Betonmatrix verbunden wurde und die Vorspannkraft der Bewehrung nach Erhärten der Betonmatrix durch das Lösen der Vorspannung auf die Betonmatrix übertragen wurde. Derartig vorgespannte Flächentragwerke haben den Vorteil, dass sie werkseitig bereits vollständig fertiggestellt und auch in der Länge nach Maß zugeschnitten werden können.The prestressed planar structure element is preferably formed from a prestressed textile concrete with an immediate bond. A prestressed textile concrete with an immediate bond is to be understood as a textile concrete in which a load-oriented uniaxial or multiaxial prestressed textile reinforcement with a prestressing force on tension is firmly bonded with a concrete matrix and the prestressing force of the reinforcement is carried out after the concrete matrix has hardened the release of the prestressing was transferred to the concrete matrix. Such prestressed planar structures have the advantage that they can be completely finished at the factory and also cut to size in length.

Das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement des Fertigbauelementes kann insbesondere mit mindestens einer vorgespannten, textilen Bewehrung aus Carbon-, Basalt- und/oder Glasfasern ausgebildet werden. Solche Bewehrungen können beispielsweise in Form von Rovings, d. h. Faserbündeln, Netzen und/oder Matten ausgebildet sein, wobei die Bewehrungen zur Verbesserung ihres Tragverhaltens auch mit Kunststoffen, insbesondere einem Harz, getränkt sein können und/oder auch mehrlagig ausgebildet sein können. Besonders bevorzugt ist die vorgespannte, textile Bewehrung mit Gelegestreifen aus Carbonrovings gebildet, die im Faltwerk mit ihrer Längsachse bevorzugt entlang linienförmiger Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen der Faltung angeordnet sind. Derartige Bewehrungen können für die Herstellung des Faltwerkes besonderes unkompliziert in einem Spannbett vorgespannt und einbetoniert werden. Alternativ kann die textile Bewehrung auch als Gelegematte ausgebildet sein, die komplementär geformt zur Faltung des Faltwerkes ausgebildet ist und der Faltung folgend im Faltwerk angeordnet ist.The prestressed planar structure element of the prefabricated structural element can in particular be formed with at least one prestressed textile reinforcement made of carbon, basalt and / or glass fibers. Such reinforcements can, for example, be in the form of rovings, ie fiber bundles, nets and / or mats, whereby the reinforcements can also be impregnated with plastics, in particular a resin, and / or can be multilayered to improve their load-bearing behavior. Particularly preferably, the prestressed, textile reinforcement is formed with scrim strips made of carbon rovings, which are arranged in the folded structure with their longitudinal axis, preferably along linear elevations and / or depressions of the fold are. Reinforcements of this type can be pretensioned and set in concrete in a particularly uncomplicated way for the production of the folded structure. Alternatively, the textile reinforcement can also be designed as a lay-up mat, which is designed in a complementary manner to the folding of the folding mechanism and is arranged in the folding mechanism following the folding.

Da das Fertigbauelement hauptsächlich aus Beton als Grundmaterial aufgebaut ist, weist es im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Leichtbauelementen aus Holz- oder Gipswerk eine höhere Brandschutzsicherheit und auch eine höhere Schalldämmung auf. Neben den Materialeigenschaften der Grundmaterialien wirkt sich insbesondere die Form des Flächentragwerkelementes, d. h. die Faltung und auch die geschlossene Fläche des Flächentragwerkelementes im Gegensatz zu polyedrisch durchbrochenen Schalungen oder Stabwerken, positiv auf den Schallschutz und somit auf die Raumakustik aus. Darüber hinaus leitet die textile Bewehrung des Flächentragwerkelementes und somit das Fertigbauelement nicht nur Schall sondern auch Wärme deutlich schlechter als metallische Bewehrungen, sodass Wärmebrücken und somit Wärmeverluste durch das Fertigbauelement reduziert werden können.Since the prefabricated element is mainly composed of concrete as the basic material, it has a higher level of fire protection and also a higher level of sound insulation compared to conventional lightweight elements made of wood or plaster of paris. In addition to the material properties of the base materials, the shape of the surface structure element, i.e. H. the folding and also the closed surface of the planar structure element, in contrast to polyhedral openwork formwork or frameworks, have a positive effect on sound insulation and thus on room acoustics. In addition, the textile reinforcement of the planar structure element and thus the prefabricated structural element not only conducts sound but also heat significantly worse than metallic reinforcements, so that thermal bridges and thus heat losses through the prefabricated structural element can be reduced.

Für besonders leichte Fertigbauelemente kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Aufbetonschicht und/oder die Unterbetonschicht aus einem Leichtbeton, insbesondere einem Schaumbeton oder Porenleichtbeton, ausgebildet sind. Schaum- oder Porenleichtbetone sind Betone, die unter Verwendung von Schaum oder Luftporenbildnern hergestellt werden. Sie weisen in der Regel einen Luftporengehalt von > 30 Vol.-% und Gesteinskörnungen mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als 2 mm bei einer Dichte kleiner als 1000 kg/m3, bevorzugt kleiner als 200 kg/m3, auf. Durch eine Aufbetonschicht und/oder eine Unterbetonschicht aus Schaumbeton oder Porenleichtbeton können die Fertigbauelemente mit besonderes guten Wärme- und Schalldämmeigenschaften und zudem einem hohen Feuerwiderstand ausgebildet werden. Im Brandfall sind insbesondere Verankerungen, die in der Auf- und/oder in der Unterbetonschicht oder zwischen der Auf- und der Unterbetonschicht angeordnet sind, durch die Auf- und/oder die Unterbetonschicht geschützt, sodass die Einsturzgefahr im Brandfall für Konstruktionen aus den Fertigbauelementen gesenkt werden kann.For particularly lightweight prefabricated structural elements, provision can be made for the top-concrete layer and / or the sub-concrete layer to be formed from a lightweight concrete, in particular a foam concrete or porous lightweight concrete. Foam or porous lightweight concretes are concretes that are produced using foam or air-entraining agents. As a rule, they have an air pore content of> 30% by volume and aggregates with a diameter of less than 2 mm and a density of less than 1000 kg / m 3 , preferably less than 200 kg / m 3 . The prefabricated structural elements can be designed with particularly good heat and sound insulation properties and, moreover, a high level of fire resistance by means of a top-concrete layer and / or a sub-concrete layer made of foam concrete or porous lightweight concrete. In the event of a fire, anchors that are arranged in the top and / or sub-concrete layer or between the top and sub-concrete layer are protected by the top and / or sub-concrete layer, so that the risk of collapse in the event of fire for constructions made from the prefabricated elements is reduced can be.

Aufgrund kurzer Aushärte- bzw. Ausschalungszeiten bei der Herstellung der Aufbetonschicht und/oder Unterbetonschicht lassen sich die Fertigbauelemente werksseitig sehr rasch und unkompliziert durch Umschäumen des Flächentragwerkelementes mit dem Schaum- oder Porenleichtbeton und eine Dampfhärtung des Schaum- oder Porenleichtbetons ausbilden. Dabei können sowohl Kanäle für spätere Installationen bereits werksseitig in der Aufbetonschicht und/oder Unterbetonschicht ausgebildet werden, als auch besonders ebene Oberflächen der Aufbetonschicht und/oder Unterbetonschicht ausgebildet werden, die sich ohne weitere Aufbereitungsschritte für eine direkte Beschichtung mit Spachtel oder Farbe eignen. Am Ende der Nutzphase können die Aufbetonschicht und/oder Unterbetonschicht vom Flächentragwerkelement abgetrennt und zu einem homogenen, wiederverwertbaren Kies zerkleinert werden, sodass sich das Fertigbauelement einfach recyceln lässt. Das Fertigbauelement zeichnet sich daher aufgrund der einfachen Herstellung, der Material- und Gewichtsersparnis, der vorteilhaften Wärmedämmeigenschaften und auch der Recyclingfähigkeit durch eine sehr gute Ökobilanz aus.Due to the short curing or stripping times during the production of the top layer and / or the sub-layer of concrete, the prefabricated building elements can be created very quickly and easily at the factory by foaming the structural element with foam or porous lightweight concrete and steam hardening of the foam or porous lightweight concrete. Channels for later installations can already be formed in the factory in the top layer and / or sub-concrete layer, as well as particularly flat surfaces of the top concrete layer and / or sub-concrete layer, which are suitable for direct coating with spatula or paint without further preparation steps. At the end of the use phase, the concrete layer on top and / or under the concrete layer can be separated from the structural element and crushed into homogeneous, reusable gravel, so that the prefabricated building element can be easily recycled. The prefabricated building element is therefore characterized by a very good ecological balance due to the simple production, the material and weight savings, the advantageous thermal insulation properties and also the recyclability.

Neben dem Recycling ist auch ein Reusing, d. h. eine Wiederverwendung, der Fertigbauelemente möglich. Die Fertigbauelemente können mit Verbindungselementen ausgebildet sein, mittels derer Fertigbauelemente mit anderen Bauelementen aber auch miteinander lösbar verbindbar sind. Dadurch können mit den Fertigbauelementen bei einer entsprechenden Fugenausbildung einzelne Raumzellen aber auch mehrgeschossige Bauwerke aufgebaut werden, die sehr einfach rückbaubar sind. Die Fertigbauelemente eignen sich somit beispielsweise als wiederverwendbare Fertigbauelemente für mobile Gebäude. Unter dem Begriff "Bauelement" sollen dabei alle Arten von Formteilen verstanden werden, die im Bauwesen Anwendung finden können.In addition to recycling, reusing is also possible. H. reuse of the prefabricated elements is possible. The prefabricated structural elements can be designed with connecting elements, by means of which prefabricated structural elements can be releasably connected to other structural elements, but also to one another. As a result, individual room cells but also multi-storey structures can be built with the prefabricated structural elements with a corresponding joint design, which can be very easily dismantled. The prefabricated elements are therefore suitable, for example, as reusable prefabricated elements for mobile buildings. The term “component” should be understood to mean all types of molded parts that can be used in construction.

Bevorzugt weist das Fertigbauelement an mindestens einer äußeren Stirnfläche ein Querjoch mit mindestens einem Verankerungselement auf, mittels dessen das Fertigbauelement mit einem Bauelement oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement verbindbar ist. Das Querjoch kann hierbei sowohl bereits bei der Herstellung der Trapezplatten mitgegossen werden, als auch nachträglich an die Trapezplatte angeklebt werden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Fertigbauelement auch in der Aufbetonschicht mindestens ein Verankerungselement aufweisen, mittels dessen das Fertigbauelement mit einem Bauelement oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement verbindbar ist. Das mindestens eine Verankerungselement in der Aufbetonschicht kann vorteilhaft in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung angeordnet sein. Die Verankerungselemente können beispielsweise als Bolzen- oder lösbare Verschraubungselemente ausgebildet sein, die auch in das Querjoch oder die Aufbetonschicht eingegossen werden können.The prefabricated building element preferably has a transverse yoke with at least one anchoring element on at least one outer end face, by means of which the prefabricated building element can be connected to a building element or a further prefabricated building element. The transverse yoke can be cast at the same time as the trapezoidal sheet is manufactured, or it can be glued to the trapezoidal sheet at a later date. As an alternative or in addition, the prefabricated building element can also have at least one anchoring element in the concrete layer, by means of which the prefabricated building element with a building element or can be connected to another prefabricated component. The at least one anchoring element in the concrete layer can advantageously be arranged in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold. The anchoring elements can be designed, for example, as bolt or detachable screw connection elements, which can also be cast into the transverse yoke or the concrete layer.

Das Querjoch kann bevorzugt in der jeweiligen Stirnfläche derart ausgebildet sein, dass es bei der Verbindung des Fertigbauelementes mit einem Bauelement eine Auflage für das Bauelement bildet, d. h. das Querjoch kann so groß ausgebildet werden, dass die Kontaktfläche zwischen dem Bauelement und dem Fertigbauelement, die bei der Verbindung des Bauelementes mit dem Verankerungselement des Querjochs gebildet wird, vollständig mit dem Querjoch gebildet sein kann. Dadurch kann ein gleichmäßiger Lasteintrag in das Fertigbauelement erreicht werden, sodass das Fertigbauelement auch außermittige Beanspruchen aufnehmen kann. Werden erfindungsgemäße Fertigbauelemente miteinander verbunden, so kann die Kontaktfläche zwischen den Fertigbauelementen mit den Querjochen des jeweiligen Fertigbauelementes ausgebildet werden. Ein besonders gleichmäßiger Lasteintrag kann mit Querjochen erreicht werden, die aus einem bewehrten Beton ausgebildet sind.The cross yoke can preferably be designed in the respective end face in such a way that it forms a support for the component when the prefabricated component is connected to a component, i. H. the transverse yoke can be made so large that the contact surface between the component and the prefabricated component, which is formed when the component is connected to the anchoring element of the transverse yoke, can be formed entirely with the transverse yoke. As a result, a uniform load application can be achieved in the prefabricated building element, so that the prefabricated building element can also absorb off-center loads. If prefabricated structural elements according to the invention are connected to one another, the contact surface between the prefabricated structural elements can be formed with the transverse yokes of the respective prefabricated structural element. A particularly uniform load application can be achieved with cross yokes made of reinforced concrete.

Besonders bevorzugt können die Fertigbauelemente als Wand- oder Deckenelemente ausgebildet werden. Fertigbauelemente, die als Deckenelemente ausgebildet sind, sollten vorteilhafterweise in der Aufbetonschicht in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes mindestens ein Verankerungselement aufweisen, mittels dessen das Deckenelement mit einem Bauelement oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement verbindbar ist. Die Aufbetonschicht auf der Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes ist vorteilhafterweise derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes ausgebildet, so dass die Aufbetonschicht mit den Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen der Faltung eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement ausgerichtet ist. Dadurch kann das Faltwerk eine direkte Auflagefläche für ein Bauelement oder ein weiteres Fertigbauelement, das mit dem Deckenelement mittels des Verankerungselementes verbunden werden kann, bilden und die Aufbetonschicht entlasten. Die Unterbetonschicht ist vorteilhafterweise auf einer der Aufbetonschicht gegenüberliegend angeordneten Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes ausgebildet, so dass die Unterbetonschicht die Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen der Faltung bedeckt und eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement ausgerichtet ist. Die Unterbetonschicht kann somit als durchgehende Oberfläche ausgebildet werden, die eine gute Wärmedämmung und Brandschutzsicherheit aufweist und direkt mit Spachtel oder Farbe beschichtet werden kann.The prefabricated structural elements can particularly preferably be designed as wall or ceiling elements. Prefabricated building elements that are designed as ceiling elements should advantageously have at least one anchoring element in the concrete layer in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the folds of the prestressed surface structure element, by means of which the ceiling element can be connected to a building element or another prefabricated building element. The concrete layer on the surface of the prestressed surface structure element is advantageously formed in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold of the prestressed surface structure element so that the concrete layer with the elevations and / or depressions of the fold forms a flat surface which is plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element is aligned. As a result, the folded structure can provide a direct support surface for a component or another prefabricated component that is connected to the ceiling element can be connected by means of the anchoring element, form and relieve the concrete layer. The sub-concrete layer is advantageously formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element arranged opposite the top concrete layer in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold of the prestressed surface structure element, so that the sub-concrete layer covers the depressions and / or elevations of the fold and forms a flat surface, which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element. The sub-concrete layer can thus be designed as a continuous surface that has good thermal insulation and fire protection and can be coated directly with spatula or paint.

Fertigbauelemente, die als Wandelement ausgebildet sind, sollten vorteilhafterweise an mindestens einer äußeren Stirnfläche ein Querjoch mit mindestens einem Verankerungselement aufweisen, mittels dessen das Wandelement an der Stirnfläche auf Stoß oder an einer mit dem Querjoch gebildeten Seitenfläche des Wandelementes unter einem rechten Winkel mit einem Bauelement oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement verbindbar ist. Das mindestens eine Verankerungselement kann hierfür im Querjoch beispielsweise senkrecht oder parallel zur jeweiligen Stirnfläche des Wandelementes ausgebildet oder ausgerichtet sein. Die Aufbetonschicht auf der Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes und die Unterbetonschicht auf einer der Aufbetonschicht gegenüberliegend angeordneten Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes können derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes ausgebildet sein, dass die Aufbetonschicht und die Unterbetonschicht die Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen der Faltung jeweils bedecken und jeweils ebene Oberflächen bilden, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement ausgerichtet sind. Die Aufbetonschicht und die Unterbetonschicht können die Oberfläche des Flächentragwerkelementes dabei vollständig überdecken.Prefabricated structural elements that are designed as wall elements should advantageously have a transverse yoke with at least one anchoring element on at least one outer end face, by means of which the wall element abuts on the end face or on a side surface of the wall element formed with the transverse yoke at a right angle with a structural element or can be connected to another prefabricated component. For this purpose, the at least one anchoring element can be designed or aligned in the transverse yoke, for example, perpendicular or parallel to the respective end face of the wall element. The concrete layer on the surface of the prestressed surface structure element and the sub-concrete layer on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element arranged opposite the concrete layer can be formed in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold of the prestressed surface structure element in such a way that the concrete layer and the sub-concrete layer form the depressions and / or or each cover elevations of the fold and each form flat surfaces which are aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed planar structure element. The concrete layer on top and the concrete base layer can completely cover the surface of the planar structure element.

Die Verankerungselemente können beispielsweise als Bolzen aus Metall oder glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff, als Dübel, Verbundanker oder Verschraubungselement ausgebildet sein. Sie können beispielsweise durch eine Spreizung, d. h. eine plastische Verformung des Verankerungselementes oder durch das Schneiden eines Gewindes mittels des Verankerungselementes im Fertigbauelement befestigt sein, sodass die Verankerungselemente für das Recycling der Fertigbauelemente leicht entfernt werden können. Alternativ können die Verankerungselemente auch mittels eines Bindemittels, z. B. einer Vergussmaße, im Fertigbauelement befestigt sein oder als Einlegeteile bereits bei der Ausbildung der Aufbeton- bzw. Unterbetonschicht oder eines Querjoche in diese eingegossen sein.The anchoring elements can be designed, for example, as bolts made of metal or glass fiber reinforced plastic, as dowels, composite anchors or screwing elements. You can for example by spreading, ie a plastic deformation of the anchoring element or be fastened by cutting a thread by means of the anchoring element in the prefabricated building element, so that the anchoring elements can be easily removed for recycling the prefabricated building elements. Alternatively, the anchoring elements can also be made by means of a binding agent, e.g. B. a potting compound, be fixed in the prefabricated component or be cast as inserts already during the formation of the top-concrete or sub-concrete layer or a transverse yoke in this.

Ein Fertigbausystem weist mindestens zwei erfindungsgemäße Fertigbauelemente auf, die wie beschrieben mittels der Verankerungselemente an einer äußeren Stirnfläche oder an der Aufbetonschicht oder der Unterbetonschicht miteinander verbindbar sind und als Wandelemente oder Deckenelement ausgebildet sein können.A prefabricated building system has at least two prefabricated building elements according to the invention which, as described, can be connected to one another by means of the anchoring elements on an outer end face or on the concrete layer or the sub-concrete layer and can be designed as wall elements or ceiling elements.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden nachfolgend anhand der Figuren 1 bis 5 erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained below with reference to FIG Figures 1 to 5 explained.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1: in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung eine Vorderansicht und eines Seitenansicht eines Beispiels eines Fertigbauelementes,
  • Fig. 2: in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung ein Beispiel eines als Deckenelement ausgebildeten Fertigbauelementes mit senkrecht aufstehendem Wandelement,
  • Fig. 3: in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung ein Beispiel eines als Wandelement ausgebildeten Fertigbauelementes,
  • Fig. 4: in einer schematischen Schnittansicht ein Beispiel eines Fertigbausystems als Wand-Deckenknoten einer Außenwand und
  • Fig. 5: in einer schematischen Schnittansicht ein weiteres Beispiele eines Fertigbausystems als Wand-Deckenknoten einer Innenwand.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 : in a schematic sectional view, a front view and a side view of an example of a prefabricated component,
  • Fig. 2 : in a schematic sectional view an example of a prefabricated building element designed as a ceiling element with a vertical wall element,
  • Fig. 3 : in a schematic sectional view an example of a prefabricated building element designed as a wall element,
  • Fig. 4 : in a schematic sectional view an example of a prefabricated system as a wall-ceiling node of an outer wall and
  • Fig. 5 : In a schematic sectional view, another example of a prefabricated system as a wall-ceiling node of an inner wall.

In Figur 1 ist in einer schematischen Schnittdarstellung eine Vorderansicht und eines Seitenansicht eines Beispiels eines Fertigbauelementes dargestellt. Das Fertigbauelement weist ein auf Zug vorgespanntes Flächentragwerkelement 1 aus Textilbeton, eine Aufbetonschicht 2 und eine Unterbetonschicht 3 auf. Das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement 1 ist als Faltwerk ausgebildet, das eine Faltung aufweist, die durch Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen im vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement 1 gebildet ist. Die Aufbetonschicht 2 ist auf einer Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes 1 derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet, dass die Aufbetonschicht 2 eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement 1 ausgerichtet ist. Die Unterbetonschicht 3 ist auf einer der Aufbetonschicht 2 gegenüberliegend angeordneten Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes 1 derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet, dass die Unterbetonschicht 3 eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement 1 ausgerichtet ist, und gegen Herausfallen gesichert ist. Das Fertigbauelement weist dadurch neben einer sehr geringen Eigenmasse eine hohe Tragfähigkeit, eine lange Lebensdauer, eine hohe Schall- und Wärmedämmung und auch eine hohe Brandschutzsicherheit auf.In Figure 1 is shown in a schematic sectional view of a front view and a side view of an example of a prefabricated component. The prefabricated construction element has a tensile prestressed surface structure element 1 made of textile concrete, a top-concrete layer 2 and a sub-concrete layer 3. The prestressed planar structure element 1 is designed as a folded structure that has a fold which is formed by elevations and / or depressions in the prestressed planar structure element 1. The concrete layer 2 is formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the concrete layer 2 forms a flat surface which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element 1. The sub-concrete layer 3 is formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 arranged opposite the top concrete layer 2 in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the sub-concrete layer 3 forms a flat surface which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element 1 and against Falling out is secured. As a result, the prefabricated component has a very low weight, a high load-bearing capacity, a long service life, a high level of sound and heat insulation and also a high level of fire protection.

Im dargestellten Beispiel der Figur 1 ist das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement 1 des Fertigbauelementes als Faltwerk ausgebildet, das eine Faltung aufweist, die durch linienförmige, äquidistant und parallel zueinander verlaufende Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen ausgebildet ist. Für eine hohe Tragfähigkeit und Schalldämmung sind die Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen insbesondere als Trapezsicken ausgebildet, d. h. das Faltwerk ist als Trapezfaltwerkplatte ausgebildet. Das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement 1 kann aus einem vorgespannten Textilbeton mit mindestens einer textilen Bewehrung 4 mit sofortigem Verbund ausgebildet sein. Im dargestellten Beispiel der Figur 1 ist das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement 1 aus einem vorgespannten Textilbeton mit sofortigem Verbund gebildet, der mindestens eine textile Bewehrung 4 aus Carbon-Faserbündeln, sogenannten Rovings, aufweist. Die textile Bewehrung ist als Gelegestreifen ausgebildet, die im dargestellten Beispiel, mit ihrer Längsachse entlang der linienförmigen Erhebungen und/oder linienförmigen Vertiefungen des Faltwerkes angeordnet sind. Neben oder zusätzlich zu Faserbündeln aus Carbon, bzw. Kohlenstoff, kann die textile Bewehrung auch aus Basalt- und/oder Glasfaserbündeln gebildet sein. Statt als einzelne Gelegestreifen kann die textile Bewehrung auch als dreidimensionales Faltwerk ausgebildet sein, das komplementär zur Faltung des Flächentragwerkelement 1 ausgebildet und der Faltung folgend im Flächentragwerkelement 1 angeordnet ist. Die Fasern können in Beton und/oder einen Kunststoff eingebettet sein.In the example shown, the Figure 1 the prestressed planar structure element 1 of the prefabricated construction element is designed as a folded structure which has a fold formed by linear, equidistant and parallel elevations and / or depressions. For a high load-bearing capacity and sound insulation, the elevations and / or depressions are designed, in particular, as trapezoidal beads, that is to say the folding mechanism is designed as a trapezoidal folding panel. The prestressed planar structure element 1 can be formed from a prestressed textile concrete with at least one textile reinforcement 4 with an immediate bond. In the example shown, the Figure 1 the prestressed surface structure element 1 is formed from a prestressed textile concrete with an immediate bond, which has at least one textile reinforcement 4 made of carbon fiber bundles, so-called rovings. The textile reinforcement is designed as laid strips which, in the example shown, are arranged with their longitudinal axis along the linear elevations and / or linear depressions of the folded structure. In addition to or in addition to fiber bundles made of carbon or carbon, the textile reinforcement can also be formed from basalt and / or glass fiber bundles. Instead of individual scrim strips, the textile reinforcement can also be designed as a three-dimensional folded structure that is complementary to the folding of the planar structure element 1 and follows the fold in the planar structure element 1 is arranged. The fibers can be embedded in concrete and / or a plastic.

Die Aufbetonschicht 2 und/oder die Unterbetonschicht 3 sind im dargestellten Beispiel der Figur 1 aus einem Schaumbeton oder Porenleichtbeton ausgebildet. Dadurch kann das Fertigbauelement diffusionsoffen und dennoch wärme- und schalldämmend und auch brandsicher ausgebildet werden. Schaumbeton oder Porenleichtbeton erleichtern außerdem die Fertigung des Fertigbauelementes. Die Aufbetonschicht 2 und/oder die Unterbetonschicht 3 können in kurzer Zeit und sehr eben ausgebildet werden, so dass sie sich unbehandelt für eine direkte Beschichtung mit Spachtel, Farbe oder Putz eignen. Außerdem können bei der Fertigung mögliche Installationen bereits in die Aufbetonschicht 2 und/oder die Unterbetonschicht 3 eingebettet werden. Durch den Schaumbeton bzw. Porenleichtbeton ist das Fertigbauelement außerdem recyclebar, so dass es insgesamt eine sehr gute Ökobilanz aufweist.The top-concrete layer 2 and / or the sub-concrete layer 3 are in the example shown Figure 1 formed from a foam concrete or aerated lightweight concrete. As a result, the prefabricated structural element can be made diffusion-open and yet heat and sound-insulating and also fire-proof. Foam concrete or porous lightweight concrete also facilitate the production of the prefabricated building element. The top-concrete layer 2 and / or the sub-concrete layer 3 can be formed very flat in a short time, so that untreated they are suitable for direct coating with spatula, paint or plaster. In addition, possible installations can already be embedded in the top-concrete layer 2 and / or the sub-concrete layer 3 during manufacture. Thanks to the foam concrete or lightweight porous concrete, the prefabricated structural element can also be recycled, so that it has a very good ecological balance overall.

Im dargestellten Beispiel der Figur 1 ist das Fertigbauelement an mindestens einer äußeren Stirnfläche mit einem Querjoch 5 ausgebildet, das beispielsweise aus einem bewehrten Beton ausgebildet sein kann. In diesem Querjoch 5 kann mindestens ein Verankerungselement 6 (in Figur 4 und 5 dargestellt) angeordnet sein, mittels dessen das Fertigbauelement mit einem anderen Bauelement 7 oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement verbindbar ist. Das Verankerungselement 6 kann hierfür im Querjoch 5 beispielsweise senkrecht oder parallel zur jeweiligen äußeren Stirnfläche des Fertigbauelementes ausgebildet sein, so dass das Fertigbauelement an der jeweiligen Stirnfläche auf Stoß oder an einer mit dem Querjoch 5 gebildeten äußeren Seitenfläche unter einem rechten Winkel mit einem Bauelement 7 oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement verbindbar ist. Beispiele hierfür sind in den Figuren 4 und 5 dargestellt.In the example shown, the Figure 1 the prefabricated element is formed on at least one outer end face with a transverse yoke 5, which can be formed, for example, from reinforced concrete. At least one anchoring element 6 (in Figures 4 and 5 shown), by means of which the prefabricated component can be connected to another component 7 or a further prefabricated component. For this purpose, the anchoring element 6 can be formed in the transverse yoke 5, for example, perpendicular or parallel to the respective outer end face of the prefabricated component, so that the prefabricated component abuts on the respective end face or at an outer side surface formed with the transverse yoke 5 at a right angle with a component 7 or can be connected to another prefabricated component. Examples are in the Figures 4 and 5 shown.

Das Querjoch 5 kann insbesondere als Zwischenauflage für das Bauelement 7 oder das weitere Fertigbauelement, mit dem das Fertigbauelement verbindbar ist, ausgebildet sein, d. h. das Querjoch 5 kann so groß ausgebildet werden, dass die Kontaktfläche, die bei der Verbindung des Fertigbauelementes mit dem Bauelement 7 oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement mittels des mindestens einen Verankerungselementes 6 des Querjochs 5 zwischen dem Fertigbauelement und dem Bauelement 7 oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement gebildet wird, vollständig mit dem Querjoch 5 gebildet ist. Dadurch kann ein gleichmäßiger Lasteintrag in das Fertigbauelement erreicht werden, sodass das Fertigbauelement auch außermittige Beanspruchungen aufnehmen kann. Das Querjoch 5 kann insbesondere auch in auskragenden Fertigbauteilen als Auflager an belasteten Flächen der Kragenende ausgebildet sein. Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu Verankerungselementen 6 in Querjochen 5 kann außerdem mindestens ein Verankerungselement 6 in der Aufbetonschicht 2 (in Figur 2 dargestellt) und/oder der Unterbetonschicht 3 vorgesehen sein, mittels dessen das Fertigbauelement an der Aufbetonschicht 2 und/oder der Unterbetonschicht 3 mit einem weiteren Bauelement 7 verbindbar ist.The transverse yoke 5 can in particular be designed as an intermediate support for the component 7 or the further prefabricated component to which the prefabricated component can be connected, that is, the transverse yoke 5 can be made so large that the contact surface that occurs when the prefabricated component is connected to the component 7 or a further prefabricated element by means of the at least one anchoring element 6 of the transverse yoke 5 between the Prefabricated component and the component 7 or a further prefabricated component is formed completely with the transverse yoke 5. As a result, a uniform load application can be achieved in the prefabricated building element, so that the prefabricated building element can also absorb off-center loads. The transverse yoke 5 can in particular also be designed in cantilevered prefabricated components as a support on loaded surfaces of the collar end. As an alternative or in addition to anchoring elements 6 in transverse yokes 5, at least one anchoring element 6 can also be placed in the concrete layer 2 (in Figure 2 shown) and / or the sub-concrete layer 3, by means of which the prefabricated building element can be connected to the top-concrete layer 2 and / or the sub-concrete layer 3 with a further building element 7.

Das Fertigbauelement kann insbesondere mit mindestens einem lösbaren Verankerungselement 6 ausgebildet werden, sodass entsprechende Konstruktionen aus den Fertigbauelementen einfach rückbaubar und wiederverwendbar sind. Die Anzahl und Anordnung der Querjoche 5 und Verankerungselemente 6 können variabel an die jeweiligen Abmessungen, Einbaurichtung und Belastungen des Fertigbauelementes angepasst werden. Das Fertigbauelement kann insbesondere auch als Wand- oder Deckenelement ausgebildet werden. Solche Fertigbauelemente können typischerweise mit einer Breite im Bereich von 1,20 Metern bis 2,40 Metern, einer Länge zwischen 3 Metern bis 8 Metern und einer Wand- bzw. Deckenstärke von 15 cm bis 40 cm ausgebildet werden und auch Zwischenjoche für Zwischenebenen und/oder Öffnungen, beispielsweise für Türen oder Fenster, aufweisen. Die Querjoche und/oder Zwischenjoche können außerdem Spannkanäle aufweisen, durch die die Fertigbauelemente beispielsweise zur Überbrückung von Öffnungen mit Spanngliedern, wie z. B. Spannstäben, zusammengespannt werden können. Die Fertigbauteile können hierfür segmentiert, d. h. in Teilabschnitten ausgebildet sein, wobei die Fugen zwischen den einzelnen Teilabschnitten typischerweise senkrecht zur Haupttragrichtung der zusammengespannten Teilabschnitte mit Noppen am jeweiligen Joch ausgebildet sind. Die Fertigbauteile lassen sich somit auch für Konstruktionen in Segmentbauweise verwenden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich zur Verspannung über Spannkanäle und Spannglieder können die Fertigbauteile zur Lastverteilung auch mit Unterzügen ausgebildet sein.The prefabricated building element can in particular be designed with at least one detachable anchoring element 6, so that corresponding constructions from the prefabricated building elements can be easily dismantled and reused. The number and arrangement of the transverse yokes 5 and anchoring elements 6 can be variably adapted to the respective dimensions, installation direction and loads on the prefabricated component. The prefabricated component can in particular also be designed as a wall or ceiling element. Such prefabricated elements can typically be designed with a width in the range from 1.20 meters to 2.40 meters, a length between 3 meters to 8 meters and a wall or ceiling thickness of 15 cm to 40 cm and also intermediate yokes for intermediate levels and / or openings, for example for doors or windows. The transverse yokes and / or intermediate yokes can also have tensioning channels through which the prefabricated components, for example to bridge openings with tendons, such as. B. tie rods can be clamped together. For this purpose, the prefabricated components can be segmented, ie formed in subsections, the joints between the individual subsections typically being formed with knobs on the respective yoke perpendicular to the main direction of support of the clamped subsections. The prefabricated components can therefore also be used for constructions in segment construction. As an alternative or in addition to bracing using tensioning channels and tendons, the prefabricated components can also be designed with beams to distribute the load.

Figur 2 zeigt in einer schematischen seitlichen Schnittansicht ein Beispiel eines als Deckenelement ausgebildeten Fertigbauelementes. Wiederkehrende Merkmale sind in dieser Figur 2, wie auch in den folgenden Figuren, mit identischen Bezugszeichen versehen. Figure 2 shows, in a schematic sectional side view, an example of a prefabricated structural element designed as a ceiling element. Recurring features are in this Figure 2 , as in the following figures, are provided with identical reference numerals.

Das Fertigbauelement weist in der Aufbetonschicht 2 in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung mindestens ein Verankerungselement 6, im dargestellten Beispiel ein Verschraubungselement, auf, mittels dessen das Deckenelement mit einem Bauelement 7 oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement lösbar verbindbar ist. Die Aufbetonschicht 2 auf der Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes 1 ist derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet ist, dass die Aufbetonschicht 2 mit den Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen der Faltung eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement 1 ausgerichtet ist. Dadurch bildet das Faltwerk eine direkte Auflagefläche für das Bauelement 7 bzw. für ein weiteres Fertigbauelement, und die Aufbetonschicht 2 wird entlastet. Die Unterbetonschicht 3 ist vorteilhafterweise auf einer der Aufbetonschicht 2 gegenüberliegend angeordneten Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes 1 derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet, dass die Unterbetonschicht 3 die Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen der Faltung bedeckt und eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement 1 ausgerichtet ist.The prefabricated building element has at least one anchoring element 6, in the example shown, a screwing element, by means of which the ceiling element can be detachably connected to a building element 7 or another prefabricated building element in the recesses and / or between the elevations of the fold in the concrete layer 2. The concrete layer 2 on the surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 is formed in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the concrete layer 2 with the elevations and / or depressions of the fold forms a flat surface which is plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element 1 is aligned. As a result, the folded structure forms a direct support surface for the component 7 or for a further prefabricated component, and the concrete layer 2 is relieved. The sub-concrete layer 3 is advantageously formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 arranged opposite the top-concrete layer 2 in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the sub-concrete layer 3 covers the depressions and / or elevations of the fold and forms a flat surface, which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element 1.

In Figur 3 ist in einer schematischen seitlichen Schnittansicht ein Beispiel eines als Wandelement ausgebildeten Fertigbauelementes dargestellt. Das Fertigbauelement weist an mindestens einer äußeren Stirnfläche ein Querjoch 5 mit einem Verankerungselement 6 (in Figur 4 und 5 dargestellt) auf, mittels dessen das Fertigbauelement an der Stirnfläche auf Stoß oder an einer mit dem Querjoch 5 gebildeten Seitenfläche des Fertigbauelementes unter einem rechten Winkel mit einem Bauelement 7 oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement verbindbar ist. Die Aufbetonschicht 2 auf der Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes 1 und die Unterbetonschicht 3 auf einer der Aufbetonschicht 2 gegenüberliegend angeordneten Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes 1 sind derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes 1 ausgebildet, dass die Aufbetonschicht 2 und die Unterbetonschicht 3 die Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen der Faltung jeweils bedecken und jeweils ebene Oberflächen bilden, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement 1 ausgerichtet sind.In Figure 3 an example of a prefabricated structural element designed as a wall element is shown in a schematic lateral sectional view. The prefabricated component has a transverse yoke 5 with an anchoring element 6 (in Figures 4 and 5 shown), by means of which the prefabricated component can be connected to a component 7 or a further prefabricated component at a right angle on the end face or on a side surface of the prefabricated component formed with the transverse yoke 5. The concrete layer 2 on the surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 and the sub-concrete layer 3 on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element 1 arranged opposite the concrete layer 2 are in this way in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the folds of the prestressed surface structure element 1 designed so that the top-concrete layer 2 and the sub-concrete layer 3 each cover the depressions and / or elevations of the fold and each form flat surfaces which are aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element 1.

Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen in schematischen Schnittdarstellungen Beispiele von Fertigbausystemen. Fertigbausysteme weisen mindestens zwei Fertigbauelemente auf, die mittels der Verankerungselemente 6 miteinander verbindbar sind. Die Verankerungselemente 6 können hierfür in der Aufbetonschicht 2 oder im Querjoch 5 angeordnet des jeweiligen Fertigbauelementes sein. Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen jeweils Fertigbausysteme mit mehr als zwei Fertigbauelementen, der Fachmann kann den Beispielen der Figuren 4 und 5, sowie auch dem Beispiel der Figur 2 jedoch auch entnehmen, wie Fertigbausysteme mit lediglich zwei Fertigbauelementen ausgebildet sein können.The Figures 4 and 5 show examples of prefabricated systems in schematic sectional views. Prefabricated building systems have at least two prefabricated building elements which can be connected to one another by means of the anchoring elements 6. For this purpose, the anchoring elements 6 can be arranged in the concrete layer 2 or in the transverse yoke 5 of the respective prefabricated structural element. The Figures 4 and 5 each show prefabricated systems with more than two prefabricated elements; those skilled in the art can refer to the examples of Figures 4 and 5 , as well as the example of Figure 2 however, it can also be seen how prefabricated systems can be designed with just two prefabricated elements.

Figur 4 zeigt ein Beispiel eines Fertigbausystems, bei dem drei Fertigbauelemente T-förmig miteinander verbunden werden können. Die Verankerungselemente 6 sind in den Querjochen 5 jeweils senkrecht oder parallel zur Stirnfläche der Fertigbauelemente ausgebildet, so dass die Fertigbauelemente an Flächen, die von jeweils einem Querjoch 5 mit einem senkrecht zur Stirnfläche angeordneten Verankerungselement 6 und einem Querjoch 5 mit einem parallel zur Stirnfläche angeordneten Verankerungselement 6 gebildeten werden, unter einem rechten Winkel miteinander verbunden werden können. Figure 4 shows an example of a prefabricated building system in which three prefabricated building elements can be connected to one another in a T-shape. The anchoring elements 6 are formed in the transverse yokes 5 each perpendicular or parallel to the end face of the prefabricated building elements, so that the prefabricated building elements on surfaces, each of a transverse yoke 5 with an anchoring element 6 arranged perpendicular to the end face and a cross yoke 5 with an anchoring element arranged parallel to the end face 6 can be connected to each other at a right angle.

Im Beispiel der Figur 5 ist ein Fertigbausystem dargestellt, bei dem vier Fertigbauelemente kreuzförmig miteinander verbunden werden können. Die Verankerungselemente 6 sind jeweils senkrecht zu den Stirnflächen der Fertigbauelemente in den Querjochen 5 der Fertigbauelemente angeordnet, so dass zwei einander gegenüber angeordnete Fertigbauelemente an den jeweiligen Stirnflächen auf Stoß miteinander verbindbar sind und zwei weitere Fertigbauelemente in einem rechten Winkel an den Seitenflächen, die von den Querjochen 5 der zwei auf Stoß verbundenen Fertigbauelemente gebildet werden, jeweils gegenüberliegend zu den auf Stoß verbundenen Fertigbauelementen mit diesen verbindbar sind. Die auf Stoß an ihren Stirnflächen miteinander verbundenen Fertigbauelemente können beispielsweise als Deckenelemente ausgebildet sein, während die Fertigbauelemente, die rechtwinklig mit diesen auf Stoß verbundenen Fertigbauelementen mit diesen verbundenen sind, als Wandelemente ausgebildet sein können. Die Querjoche 5 können außerdem, wie in Figur 5 schematisch dargestellt, als Zwischenauflagen ausgebildet sein, d. h. die Querjoche 5 können jeweils an oder als Kontaktflächen bzw. Kraftübertragungsflächen zwischen den Fertigbauelementen ausgebildet sein.In the example of the Figure 5 a prefabricated system is shown in which four prefabricated elements can be connected to one another in a cross shape. The anchoring elements 6 are each arranged perpendicular to the end faces of the prefabricated elements in the transverse yokes 5 of the prefabricated elements, so that two prefabricated elements arranged opposite one another can be butt-connected to one another at the respective end faces and two further prefabricated elements at a right angle on the side surfaces, which are connected by the Cross yokes 5 of the two butt-connected prefabricated components are formed, each opposite to the prefabricated components connected to the butt-connected prefabricated components with these can be connected. The prefabricated structural elements connected to one another at their end faces can, for example, be designed as ceiling elements, while the prefabricated structural elements are rectangular are connected to these prefabricated structural elements connected to them but can be designed as wall elements. The transverse yokes 5 can also, as in Figure 5 shown schematically, be designed as intermediate supports, ie the transverse yokes 5 can each be formed on or as contact surfaces or force transmission surfaces between the prefabricated components.

Lediglich in den Ausführungsbeispielen offenbarte Merkmale der verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispiele können miteinander kombiniert und einzeln, unabhängig vom jeweiligen gezeigten Beispiel, beansprucht werden.Features of the various exemplary embodiments that are only disclosed in the exemplary embodiments can be combined with one another and claimed individually, regardless of the respective example shown.

Claims (10)

Fertigbauelement aufweisend ein vorgespanntes Flächentragwerkelement (1) aus Textilbeton, eine Aufbetonschicht (2) und/oder eine Unterbetonschicht (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement (1) als Faltwerk ausgebildet ist, das eine Faltung aufweist, die durch Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen im vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement (1) gebildet ist,
die Aufbetonschicht (2) auf einer Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes (1) derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet ist, dass die Aufbetonschicht (2) eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement (1) ausgerichtet ist, und/oder
die Unterbetonschicht (3) auf einer der Aufbetonschicht (2) gegenüberliegend angeordneten Oberfläche des vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelementes (1) derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet ist, dass die Unterbetonschicht (3) eine ebene Oberfläche bildet, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement (1) ausgerichtet ist.Prefabricated building element comprising a prestressed surface load-bearing structure element (1) made of textile concrete, a top-concrete layer (2) and / or a sub-concrete layer (3), characterized in that
the prestressed planar structure element (1) is designed as a folded structure which has a fold which is formed by elevations and / or depressions in the prestressed planar structure element (1),
The concrete layer (2) is formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element (1) in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the concrete layer (2) forms a flat surface which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element (1) , and or
the sub-concrete layer (3) is formed on a surface of the prestressed surface structure element (1) arranged opposite the top-concrete layer (2) in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the sub-concrete layer (3) forms a flat surface which is plane-parallel to the prestressed planar structure element (1) is aligned. Fertigbauelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement (1) als Faltwerk ausgebildet ist, das eine Faltung aufweist, die mit linienförmigen Erhebungen und/oder linienförmigen Vertiefungen gebildet ist.Prefabricated building element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the prestressed surface structure element (1) is designed as a folded structure which has a fold formed with linear elevations and / or linear depressions. Fertigbauelement nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement (1) als Faltwerk ausgebildet ist, das eine Faltung mit Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen aufweist, die als Halbrundsicken, Kastensicken, Trapezsicken oder Dreiecksicken ausgebildet sind.Prefabricated building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressed surface supporting structure element (1) is designed as a folded structure which has a fold with elevations and / or Has recesses which are designed as semicircular beads, box beads, trapezoidal beads or triangular beads. Fertigbauelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vorgespannte Flächentragwerkelement (1) aus einem vorgespannten Textilbeton mit sofortigem Verbund gebildet ist, der mindestens eine textile Bewehrung aus Carbon-, Basalt- und/oder Glasfaserbündeln (4) aufweist.Prefabricated building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prestressed surface structure element (1) is formed from a prestressed textile concrete with an immediate bond, which has at least one textile reinforcement made of carbon, basalt and / or glass fiber bundles (4). Fertigbauelement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine textile Bewehrung als Gelegestreifen ausgebildet ist, wobei die Gelegestreifen im Faltwerk mit ihrer Längsachse entlang der linienförmigen Erhebungen und/oder linienförmigen Vertiefungen der Faltung angeordnet sind.Prefabricated building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one textile reinforcement is designed as a laid strip, the laid strips in the folded structure being arranged with their longitudinal axis along the linear elevations and / or linear depressions of the fold. Fertigbauelement nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufbetonschicht (2) und/oder die Unterbetonschicht (3) aus einem Leichtbeton, insbesondere einem Schaumbeton oder Porenleichtbeton, ausgebildet ist/sind.Prefabricated building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top-concrete layer (2) and / or the sub-concrete layer (3) is / are formed from a lightweight concrete, in particular a foam concrete or porous lightweight concrete. Fertigbauelement nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fertigbauelement an mindestens einer äußeren Stirnfläche ein Querjoch (5) mit einem Verankerungselement (6), mittels dessen das Fertigbauelement mit einem Bauelement (7) oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement verbindbar ist, und/oder in der Aufbetonschicht (2) und/oder der Unterbetonschicht (3) mindestens ein Verankerungselement (6), mittels dessen das Fertigbauelement mit einem Bauelement (7) oder einem weiteren Fertigbauelement verbindbar ist, aufweist.Prefabricated building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the prefabricated building element has a transverse yoke (5) with an anchoring element (6) on at least one outer end face, by means of which the prefabricated building element can be connected to a building element (7) or another prefabricated building element, and / or has at least one anchoring element (6) in the top-concrete layer (2) and / or the sub-concrete layer (3), by means of which the prefabricated component can be connected to a component (7) or a further prefabricated component. Fertigbauelement nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass,
das Fertigbauelement in der Aufbetonschicht (2) und/oder der Unterbetonschicht (3) in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung mindestens ein Verankerungselement (6) aufweist, mittels dessen das Fertigbauelement mit einem Bauelement (7) verbindbar ist.Prefabricated building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that ,
the prefabricated building element in the top-concrete layer (2) and / or the sub-concrete layer (3) in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold has at least one anchoring element (6), by means of which the prefabricated component can be connected to a component (7). Fertigbauelement nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, die Aufbetonschicht (2) und/oder die Unterbetonschicht (3) derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet ist/sind, dass
die Aufbetonschicht (2) und/oder die Unterbetonschicht (3) jeweils mit den Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen der Faltung eine ebene Oberfläche bildet/bilden, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement (1) ausgerichtet ist, oder
die Aufbetonschicht (2) und/oder die Unterbetonschicht (3) derart in den Vertiefungen und/oder zwischen den Erhebungen der Faltung ausgebildet ist/sind, dass die Aufbetonschicht (2) und/oder die Unterbetonschicht (3) jeweils die Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen der Faltung übergedeckt/überdecken und eine ebene Oberfläche bildet/bilden, die planparallel zum vorgespannten Flächentragwerkelement (1) ausgerichtet ist.Prefabricated building element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the top-concrete layer (2) and / or the sub-concrete layer (3) is / are formed in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that
the top-concrete layer (2) and / or the sub-concrete layer (3) each with the elevations and / or depressions of the fold forms a flat surface which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed surface structure element (1), or
the top-concrete layer (2) and / or the sub-concrete layer (3) is / are formed in the depressions and / or between the elevations of the fold in such a way that the top-concrete layer (2) and / or the sub-concrete layer (3) each have the depressions and / or Elevations of the fold are covered / covered and forms / form a flat surface which is aligned plane-parallel to the prestressed planar structure element (1). Fertigbausystem aufweisend mindestens zwei Fertigbauelemente nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Fertigbauelemente mittels der Verankerungselemente (6) miteinander verbindbar sind.Prefabricated building system comprising at least two prefabricated building elements according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the prefabricated building elements can be connected to one another by means of the anchoring elements (6).
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