EP3779101A1 - Procédé de protection antisismique des ossatures et des murs de remplissage des bâtiments à ossature - Google Patents

Procédé de protection antisismique des ossatures et des murs de remplissage des bâtiments à ossature Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3779101A1
EP3779101A1 EP20460034.0A EP20460034A EP3779101A1 EP 3779101 A1 EP3779101 A1 EP 3779101A1 EP 20460034 A EP20460034 A EP 20460034A EP 3779101 A1 EP3779101 A1 EP 3779101A1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polyurethane
filling wall
wall
filling
gap
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP20460034.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3779101B1 (fr
Inventor
Arkadiusz Kwiecien
Boguslaw Zajac
Feil Lukasz
Tugrul Akylldiz
Alper Ilki
Matija Gams
Alberto VISKOVIC
Theodoros Rousakis
Miha Kramar
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Flexandrobust Systems Spolka Z OO
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Flexandrobust Systems Spolka Z OO
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Priority to SI202030196T priority Critical patent/SI3779101T1/sl
Publication of EP3779101A1 publication Critical patent/EP3779101A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/027—Preventive constructional measures against earthquake damage in existing buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is the method of protection of building structures made in the framework technology, before or after the occurrence of damage caused by the movement of the ground on which the structure was founded.
  • the proposed method may be used in seismically active areas, mining damage areas and in buildings standing on unstable ground.
  • Structures made of reinforced concrete or steel frames and masonry filling walls are often used in civil engineering due to their speed of execution and structural-architectural versatility. Structures in frame technology are also erected in seismic areas. However, during an earthquake, the horizontal movements of the skeleton frame cause the frame and the filling wall to become detached as well as cracks in the corners of the filling walls and their braking, as shown schematically in Fig. 1 .
  • the characteristic horizontal movements of earthquakes cause dynamic forces to appear, acting in the plane and perpendicular to the plane of the wall.
  • a wall weakened in this way may fall out of the frame completely or partially, causing human casualties and great material damage.
  • the whole structure of the building, weakened by the fall of the wall may collapse or overturn under the influence of seismic vibrations.
  • the seismic protection used so far consists in fixing the filling walls to a reinforced concrete or steel frame with the use of rigid mineral mortars, or additionally connectors, anchors or rigid composites, glued e.g. on epoxy resin or mineral mortar.
  • This causes the wall to remain rigidly bonded to the frame, and vibrations and deformations of the frame are transmitted directly to the wall, causing damage to the wall or columns in the frame.
  • Such effects occur not only during seismic shocks. They also occur as a result of the subsidence of the building's subsoil and the building itself, and even as a result of uneven frame loads caused, for example, by its one-sided expansion due to intense sunlight and subsequent shrinkage when cooling down.
  • the gap between the wall and the horizontal beam can be filled with polyurethane material, which acts as insulation and improves the aseismicity of the building
  • polyurethane material acts as insulation and improves the aseismicity of the building
  • the Chinese utility model application CN203741998 U (XIAMEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY) describes how to connect the columns and beams of the steel frame structure by using polyurethane insertion cushions at the joints. These inserts separate the clamps from the load-bearing elements connected by pins and act as shock absorbers absorbing the vibration energy at the joints of the load-bearing elements.
  • JP2011006896 A KAZAMA GIKEN KAIHATSU:KK
  • JP2000204693 A KAZAMA GIKEN KAIHATSU:KK
  • JP2000204693 A KAZAMA GIKEN KAIHATSU:KK
  • JP2000204693 A KAZAMA GIKEN KAIHATSU:KK
  • JP2000204693 A KAZAMA GIKEN KAIHATSU:KK
  • the inventions known from the state of the art do not effectively solve the problem of seismic protection of filling walls in frame buildings, especially with framework made of reinforced concrete or steel, as well as the problem of temporary repairs of walls damaged by shocks or slow movements of the rock mass.
  • the proposed solution to this problem significantly reduces the risk of collapsing of the walls during an earthquake and after the shocks have ceased, or can even eliminate this risk, increasing the safety of people during evacuation from the building and rescue operations, as well as during the execution of safety measures and liquidation of damages.
  • the proposed invention consists in making a flexible - and not rigid as so far - connection between the filling wall and the skeleton frame.
  • the wall can be solid or with window and door openings.
  • the elastic layer between the wall and the frame has both separating and connecting functions. Thanks to the invention application the wall is structurally separated from the frame, as a result of which during shocks the frame deformations are not completely transferred to the wall and as a result the forces exerted by the frame on the wall are reduced. At the same time, the wall remains connected to the frame.
  • the method of anti-seismic protection of frames and filling walls in frame buildings is characterized by the fact that a polyurethane based cushioning layer is applied between the skeleton frame and at least vertical surfaces of the filling wall adjacent to the skeleton frame. It is advisable that a cushioning layer is also applied between the top surface of the filling wall adjacent to the skeleton frame and the horizontal beam.
  • the first variant of the invention realized during the bricklaying of the filling wall, includes the fixing of the prefabricated polyurethane tape with sand coating to the reinforced concrete or steel frame on all four contact surfaces with the wall with the polyurethane adhesive layer.
  • the polyurethane tape may additionally have an undercut to enable the brick wall to be clamped in the polyurethane.
  • the space between the polyurethane tapes is filled with a wall made of bricks, ceramic hollow bricks, aerated concrete blocks or other commonly used wall construction materials.
  • Filling walls are constructed during the construction of new buildings or - in case of elimination of construction damages - they are made in place of walls destroyed by an earthquake.
  • they are joined rigidly with a mortar with a prefabricated strip glued on the inner perimeter of a reinforced concrete or steel frame.
  • the remains of building material (after possible removal of damaged walls) and the remains of cement milk or other impurities (rust, grease, dust, etc.) are cleaned off the inner surfaces of the frame mechanically.
  • the cleaned surfaces are primed with a polymeric primer, chemically compatible with polyurethane filler.
  • the prefabricated polyurethane tapes with a thickness of 1-3 cm, preferably 1.5-2.5 cm, on the average 2 cm, are prepared and then glued with polyurethane adhesive to the four inner surfaces of reinforced concrete or steel frames.
  • Prefabricated tapes are sand coated on one side, on the side of the filling wall, in order to obtain better adhesion to the mortar connecting the prefabricated tape to the wall.
  • the space inside the frame i.e. inside the outline limited by prefabricated tapes, is filled by building a filling wall.
  • a susceptible polyurethane layer is made, connecting the reinforced concrete or steel frame with the filling wall on two side surfaces and, if possible, the upper surface.
  • the claimed method is based on the fact that the gaps are cut out at the point of contact between the wall and the reinforced concrete skeleton frame, which after cleaning with a stream of compressed air are filled with injected polyurethane, after previous priming with a polymer primer chemically compatible with polyurethane filler.
  • the gaps may be pass-through, but in the case of walls weakened by cracks and chipping or bulging walls, it is recommended to perform the operation in two stages, e.g. first from the outside and then from the inside. For this purpose, a gap is cut out with a depth of approximately half of the wall thickness and after cleaning it is filled with polyurethane, and then, after hardening of the polyurethane filling, the operation is repeated on the other side of the wall. Possible small discontinuities of the polyurethane filling are not important for the effectiveness of the protection, as it is primarily intended to serve as a seismic energy dissipation function.
  • both versions of the existing wall protection method ensure continuous contact between the frame and wall contact surfaces. This eliminates the risk of wall collapse during strengthening and renovation works.
  • the existing filling wall can be rigidly bonded to the frame with mortar or separated from it after the movement of the structure, the condition of the wall should be inspected and the damage, if any, should be repaired.
  • a gap should be made around the wall on 3 edges (top and two sides) using a saw, an angle grinder or a 1-3 cm wide gap should be cut out, separating the filling wall from the frame.
  • the surfaces inside the gap should be cleaned of loose particles (vacuumed, dusted off) and then primed with a chemically compatible polyurethane primer.
  • holes in the wall in the plane of the gap e.g. a wall made of hollow bricks
  • these holes should be closed inside the gap by glueing the closing sheet with polyurethane adhesive.
  • the prepared closing sheets In order to close the gaps, for filling injection, the prepared closing sheets should be cut to size to cover the gap on one side of the wall so as to leave an overlap of at least 5 cm on each side of the gap. For example, for a 3 cm wide gap, the sheet should be at least 13 cm wide and at least 10 cm longer than the slot length.
  • Sealing sheets shall be glued with polyurethane adhesive to both external surfaces of the wall and frame, preferably after they have been primed with a polymer primer, chemically compatible with the matrix material, sealing the gap space in order to prevent liquid filler from flowing out of the gap.
  • the shape of the panel should be precisely adjusted to the gap and the adjacent edges of the wall and frame.
  • small holes are made in the surface of the sealing sheets every 10-50 cm, preferably every 30 cm, on one side of the wall and plastic tubes, e.g. Igelit tubes, serving as packers for applying liquid polymer, are placed in them
  • the diameter of the holes should match the diameter of the tubes. Tubes should be sealed with thermal adhesive at the contact with the sheet.
  • liquid polyurethane filler starts at the bottom with small portions.
  • the lower one closes tightly and continues the injection through the higher tube.
  • These injection operations are repeated successively until the gaps are completely filled with liquid polyurethane preparation.
  • First the side gaps are filled and then the upper one. After the polyurethane filling has hardened, the parts of the tubes protruding beyond the face of the sheet are cut off.
  • the closing sheets are left on the surfaces of the side gaps. They are an additional reinforcement providing a safety reserve in the event that the polyurethane filling is separated from the gap surface in case of large deformations. However, if necessary, for other reasons, the sealing sheets can be removed after the polyurethane filling has cured.
  • this solution has proved very effective in earthquake simulation tests. It carried heavy loads and large deformations without any significant loss of substance of the wall, allowing it to be repaired after an earthquake and the building to continue to operate. Dynamic forces from seismic extortion were not able to separate the filling wall from the skeleton frame, making the system very effective and safe to operate.
  • the filling wall can be additionally reinforced in the skeleton frame by means of a mesh, the role of which is, on the one hand, to distribute stresses and dampen vibrations more evenly in the wall and at the contact between the wall and the frame, and, on the other hand, to prevent fragments crushed due to shocks from falling out of the wall.
  • the mesh can be metal (drawn, welded from wire or bar) or composite, made of glass, polymer or carbon fibres sunk into the material that bonds the mesh, with fibres arranged in two or more directions.
  • These meshes are fixed to the substrates of structural members using matrixes of epoxy resin or mineral mortar, which are characterised by high rigidity, brittleness, relatively high strength but low deformability and, as a result, low capacity to transfer large deformations.
  • the mesh fibres work unevenly, as a rigid matrix (fixing glue or mortar) makes it impossible to even out the stress distribution in all the fibres.
  • the susceptibility and high deformability of polyurethanes enables the application of such a reinforcement system on cracked and unstable substrates.
  • the mesh mounted on susceptible polyurethane does not detach from the substrate.
  • an additional safety reserve can be achieved in a post-critical condition, even in the case of large wall damage, and when the damaged filling wall is protected from falling out of the skeleton frame.
  • the polyurethane mesh can also be used for local protection of cracks in walls, restoring the load-bearing capacity of the wall at the point of crack or protecting it against large deformations. In this way, places where significant damage is expected to occur in filling walls can also be protected.
  • the mesh in the polyurethane matrix can be attached to various constructional substrates such as concrete, masonry, wood, composites, steel or other metals.
  • the mesh thickness and specific physicochemical properties of polyurethanes are selected according to the desired characteristics of the work of the reinforcement, which depends, among other things, on the properties of the materials used to build the wall.
  • the performance characteristics are determined using standard methods, e.g. earthquake simulation.
  • the mesh should be about 2 mm thick and have a mesh side of about 2 cm.
  • Various multidirectional composite meshes made of carbon, steel, basalt, glass, aramid, geopolymer or natural fibres can be used for wall reinforcement.
  • a layer of susceptible polymer adhesive can be applied to the substrate in liquid form with a given thickness, binding the composite meshes in direct contact.
  • the mesh can be glued to the filling wall itself, but it is recommended that the mesh has at least a five-centimetre overlap around the entire circumference of the wall and is also glued to the skeleton frame. It is recommended that the overlap on the frame should be at least 5 cm wide.
  • the mesh or prefabricated sheet is put on the perimeter or part of the perimeter of the filling wall.
  • the width of the glued mesh or pre-fabricated sheet should be at least 40 cm, preferably 60 cm, with a minimum overlap of 5 cm and preferably 10 cm on the skeleton frame.
  • the protection of the filling wall with the mesh in polyurethane matrix can also be used alone to reinforce the walls connected to the skeleton frame directly with mineral mortar, i.e. without using an intermediate polyurethane layer.
  • two-component or one-component elastic-compressible polyurethane preparations with the bonding accelerator with Shore A hardness after bonding in the range of 15-90 and with high return elasticity and sound-absorbing and vibration-absorbing properties as well as non-conductive electrical charges, are applied in liquid form and shrinkage-free hardening with the beginning of bonding up to half an hour from mixing, characterized by constant Young's modulus with values in the range of 0.3-100 MPa, determined in ----------------measure of deformation in the range of 1.0 to 1.3 in uniaxial tensioning with large deformations and limit tensioning in the range of 1.3-8.0.
  • Polyurethane preparations shall be made by adding - in the required proportions - a hardener to the polyurethane resin in the case of a two-component material or by adding a bonding accelerator in the case of a single-component material.
  • Ez F * 1 + eps / A 0 * ln 1 + eps
  • the equivalent logarithmic stiffness Ez clearly defines the material property of the selected polyurethane, which is used to calculate the properties of the polyurethane joint according to the theory of hyper-elastic materials.
  • Polyurethanes selected for the implementation of the invention must have a hyper-elastic characteristic that enables to determine for them the equivalent logarithmic stiffness Ez, according to the formula given.
  • Polyurethane cushioning layer 3 between skeleton frame 1 and filler wall 2 can be made in two ways: either by gluing a pre-fabricated polyurethane tape 5 to skeleton frame 1 or by pressing liquid polyurethane filler 12 into the gap cut-out between skeleton frame 1 and filler wall 2.
  • prefabricated polyurethane tape 5 has quartz sand coating 10, which increases the adhesion of mortar 6 to polyurethane tape 5, which protects masonry elements 7 from damage and from falling off the wall 2. This promotes stability of the filling wall 2 in skeleton frame 1, and in particular reduces the risk of the filling wall 2 slipping out of skeleton frame 1 during strong vibrations perpendicular to the wall surface.
  • the prefabricated polyurethane tape 5 is glued to the skeleton frame 1, previously primed with primer 4, if possible on the four internal contact surfaces of frame 1 with the subsequently constructed filling wall 2.
  • the second variant of the invention provides for the cushioning layer 3 based on polyurethane made of liquid polyurethane filling mass 12, applied by injection between the skeleton frame 1 and vertical surfaces of the filling wall 2, adjacent to the skeleton frame 1. It is recommended that the cushioning layer 3 is also placed between the upper surface of the filling wall 2 adjacent to the horizontal beam of frame 1 and this horizontal beam In order to prevent the liquid polyurethane filler 12, applied through hole 11 with an Igelit tube (packer), from flowing out of the gap, the gap is sealed with a tight sheet on both sides of filling wall 2 and skeleton frame 1, as shown in Fig. 6 .
  • the sheet made of mesh 8 embedded in polyurethane filler 9, preferably with the coating 10, is glued with polyurethane adhesive to skeleton frame 1 and filling wall 2, previously primed with polyurethane primer 4.
  • the filling wall 2 and its connection to the skeleton frame 1 can be additionally reinforced by means of a multi-directional composite mesh 8 sunk into a polyurethane matrix 9 of a given thickness, applied to the substrate in liquid form or as a prefabricated composite sheet of a given thickness.
  • the pre-fabricated sheet consists of a mesh 8 embedded in a polyurethane filler matrix 9. The sheet is glued to the substrate primed with polyurethane adhesives.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic comparison of the envelope of experimental hysteresis loops for a wall without a cushioning layer (curve A) and with cushioning layers (curve B for 3 edges and curve C for 4 edges).
  • Curve A a cushioning layer
  • curve B a cushioning layer
  • curve C curve C for 4 edges
  • Significantly higher efficiency of walls with a flexible cushion layer 3 between the filling wall 2 and frame 1 was found in comparison with the filling wall 2 rigidly bonded to frame 1 using a rigid mineral mortar. This efficiency is greater both in terms of load capacity (up to 150%) and ductility of the structure (up to 300%), which determines the ability to transfer deformations at the same level of critical stress-strain state.
  • Marking in the Fig. 7 is as follows ⁇ - frame tilt, ⁇ - wall load-carrying capacity.
  • the embodiments of the claimed invention use polyurethane preparations and glass mesh of 1.81/1.42 cm mesh size to make prefabricated tapes separating the filling wall from the skeleton frame, sheets to seal gaps around the filling wall and mesh in the polyurethane matrix to strengthen the filling wall.
  • polyurethane adhesives with hyper-elastic characteristics, hardnesses and equivalent logarithmic stiffness Ez and limit deformability within the above mentioned limits can also be used in combinations to produce a liquid filling of the gap and matrix in the composite sheet.
  • the prefabricated polyurethane tape 5 was 2 cm thick. On one side, the tape had quartz sand coating 10.
  • a triangular undercut was used along the central axis of tape 5 with a depth of about 10 mm (not shown in the figure).
  • a 2 cm wide gap was cut out with an angle grinder around the two lateral and upper edges of the filling wall 2, as shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the top of the sheet was finished with a quartz sand coating 10, which forms protection of the sheet and at the same time the layer increasing adhesion of the mortar, e.g. mineral plaster mortar.
  • the gap was filled via Igelit tubes (packers) with a diameter of about 12 mm, fixed in holes 11, spaced every 25 cm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
EP20460034.0A 2019-08-16 2020-08-15 Procédé de protection antisismique des ossatures et des murs de remplissage des bâtiments à ossature Active EP3779101B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI202030196T SI3779101T1 (sl) 2019-08-16 2020-08-15 Postopek za protipotresno zaščito konstrukcij in polnilnih sten v montažnih stavbah

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PL430882A PL430882A1 (pl) 2019-08-16 2019-08-16 Sposób antysejsmicznego zabezpieczenia ram i ścian wypełniających w budynkach szkieletowych

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EP3779101B1 EP3779101B1 (fr) 2023-03-01

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114562057A (zh) * 2022-03-15 2022-05-31 山东亮普建材科技有限公司 一种非承重墙体柔性结构
CN114737696A (zh) * 2022-04-20 2022-07-12 广州大学 一种竖向预制减震墙体结构

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL443159A1 (pl) * 2022-12-14 2024-06-17 Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej Ściana wypełniająca, odporna na pożar i wstrząsy sejsmiczne

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JP2000204693A (ja) 1999-01-18 2000-07-25 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd 耐震断熱パネルおよびそれを用いた耐震断熱構造
JP2004278212A (ja) * 2003-03-18 2004-10-07 Ohbayashi Corp 耐震壁
JP2011006896A (ja) 2009-06-25 2011-01-13 Kazama Giken Kaihatsu:Kk 建築物およびその耐震補強方法
CN103603445A (zh) * 2013-10-25 2014-02-26 沈阳建筑大学 一种耗能钢框架砌块填充墙
CN203741998U (zh) 2014-03-17 2014-07-30 厦门理工学院 一种自复位梁与柱的连接节点
CN205399726U (zh) 2016-02-22 2016-07-27 河南兴安新型建筑材料有限公司 一种钢结构体系外墙围护保温结构
RU2656423C2 (ru) 2014-03-26 2018-06-05 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Сейсмостойкая кирпичная стеновая панель
EP3363968A1 (fr) * 2017-02-20 2018-08-22 SDA-engineering GmbH Raccord asismique d'un ouvrage à double paroi sur une structure de cadre
RU2665720C1 (ru) 2017-10-03 2018-09-04 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Малошумная конструкция для сейсмостойких производственных зданий
US20180347221A1 (en) 2015-05-26 2018-12-06 Mahesh YASHRAJ A method of constructing earthquake resistant structure with reinforced foundation and wall structure

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000204693A (ja) 1999-01-18 2000-07-25 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd 耐震断熱パネルおよびそれを用いた耐震断熱構造
JP2004278212A (ja) * 2003-03-18 2004-10-07 Ohbayashi Corp 耐震壁
JP2011006896A (ja) 2009-06-25 2011-01-13 Kazama Giken Kaihatsu:Kk 建築物およびその耐震補強方法
CN103603445A (zh) * 2013-10-25 2014-02-26 沈阳建筑大学 一种耗能钢框架砌块填充墙
CN203741998U (zh) 2014-03-17 2014-07-30 厦门理工学院 一种自复位梁与柱的连接节点
RU2656423C2 (ru) 2014-03-26 2018-06-05 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Сейсмостойкая кирпичная стеновая панель
US20180347221A1 (en) 2015-05-26 2018-12-06 Mahesh YASHRAJ A method of constructing earthquake resistant structure with reinforced foundation and wall structure
CN205399726U (zh) 2016-02-22 2016-07-27 河南兴安新型建筑材料有限公司 一种钢结构体系外墙围护保温结构
EP3363968A1 (fr) * 2017-02-20 2018-08-22 SDA-engineering GmbH Raccord asismique d'un ouvrage à double paroi sur une structure de cadre
RU2665720C1 (ru) 2017-10-03 2018-09-04 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Малошумная конструкция для сейсмостойких производственных зданий

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114562057A (zh) * 2022-03-15 2022-05-31 山东亮普建材科技有限公司 一种非承重墙体柔性结构
CN114737696A (zh) * 2022-04-20 2022-07-12 广州大学 一种竖向预制减震墙体结构

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PL3779101T3 (pl) 2023-06-19
EP3779101B1 (fr) 2023-03-01
PL430882A1 (pl) 2021-02-22
SI3779101T1 (sl) 2023-06-30

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