EP3776339A1 - Procédé et système d'authentification optique de produits - Google Patents

Procédé et système d'authentification optique de produits

Info

Publication number
EP3776339A1
EP3776339A1 EP19724352.0A EP19724352A EP3776339A1 EP 3776339 A1 EP3776339 A1 EP 3776339A1 EP 19724352 A EP19724352 A EP 19724352A EP 3776339 A1 EP3776339 A1 EP 3776339A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
product
recognition
particles
reflective
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19724352.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Kohlert
Axel MÜLLER
Tamara CHISTYKOVA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kloeckner Pentaplast GmbH and Co KG
Kloeckner Pentaplast GmbH
Original Assignee
Kloeckner Pentaplast GmbH and Co KG
Kloeckner Pentaplast GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kloeckner Pentaplast GmbH and Co KG, Kloeckner Pentaplast GmbH filed Critical Kloeckner Pentaplast GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3776339A1 publication Critical patent/EP3776339A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
    • G06T7/001—Industrial image inspection using an image reference approach
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3271—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response
    • H04L9/3278—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response using physically unclonable functions [PUF]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/80—Recognising image objects characterised by unique random patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/10—Investigating individual particles
    • G01N15/14—Optical investigation techniques, e.g. flow cytometry
    • G01N15/1429—Signal processing
    • G01N15/1433—Signal processing using image recognition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06037—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking multi-dimensional coding
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/30—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration
    • G06T7/33—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration using feature-based methods
    • G06T7/337—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration using feature-based methods involving reference images or patches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/80—Analysis of captured images to determine intrinsic or extrinsic camera parameters, i.e. camera calibration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/60—Type of objects
    • G06V20/69—Microscopic objects, e.g. biological cells or cellular parts
    • G06V20/693—Acquisition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00—Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/95—Pattern authentication; Markers therefor; Forgery detection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for optical product authentication with a) steps for labeling a product by
  • the film, the label or the lacquer coating contains randomly distributed, reflective and / or luminescent particles
  • the invention relates to a system for the optical authentication of products, comprising
  • markings which are each formed as a film, film area, label or paint coating and contain randomly distributed, reflective and / or luminescent particles;
  • a registration system having a primary image capture system for recording one or more reference images of a tagged product and a primary image processing system;
  • a communication system based on the Internet and / or a mobile network; and (v) one or more authentication systems each equipped with a secondary image capture system for recording one or more recognition images of a tagged product.
  • US 4,218,674 discloses a system and method for checking the authenticity of a document by comparing document-generated binary output signals with previously stored binary signals.
  • the document contains a safety mark in the form of randomly distributed fibers of a magnetic or magnetizable material.
  • the security tag To read the security tag, the document is scanned along a predetermined track with a detector that registers magnetic fields and outputs an electrical pulse as it traverses the magnetic or magnetized fibers.
  • DE 103 04 805 A1 describes a method for the production of security features, in which a random pattern present on or applied to an object to be marked is used. To do this, the random pattern is read into a computer with a reader and a fingerprint is extracted containing individual features of the pattern. Optionally we apply an identification number on the object. The extracted fingerprint is stored in a machine memory. To identify the marked objects, the random pattern is read in by the object, the fingerprint is extracted and compared with the fingerprint stored in the data memory.
  • DE 60 2004 007 850 T2 discloses a method, a computer program and an electronic device for determining the authenticity of an object, wherein the object has a three-dimensional pattern of randomly distributed particles. The method works with a first and second code. The second code is determined by two-dimensional data acquisition on the pattern of randomly distributed particles. For this purpose, the object is illuminated with white scattered light and detected by the object reflected and transmitted light. The object comprising a pattern of randomly distributed particles is preferably a label.
  • the safety mark is an inherent part of the product, which occurs accidentally during manufacturing or is produced by specific measures. Due to the material composition, surface structure and shape of the product, the nature and condition of the safety mark are strictly limited. As product-inherent safety characteristics are u.a. optically detectable, formed from scratches or fibers random surface pattern or well-defined isotope additions in polymeric materials known. Product-inherent safety markings have a narrow range of use and are unsuitable for food, medicines, cosmetics and clothing textiles.
  • the safety mark is designed as a label and is affixed to the product. Labels have the disadvantage of having a limited area and facilitating the location and identification of the security tag.
  • the physical-chemical nature and the operating principle of the safety mark can usually be determined quickly. If the nature and the principle of operation is known, replication may at best be counteracted by copy protection. In the prior art two methods for the formation of a copy protection are described, the two methods are also combined. On the one hand, an "invisible" and, on the other hand, a non-reproducible or only under disproportionate effort reproducible security feature is proposed.
  • a safety indicator should not be reproducible if possible.
  • the term "reproducible" is not to be understood in the sense of an exact physical reproduction but refers to the metrological detection of certain patterns present in the security mark. In known safety characteristics are mostly spatial - usually two-dimensional pattern such.
  • Smart codes used which are detected by means of optical or magnetic detectors. As an example of three-dimensional patterns are mainly holograms to call. Less commonly used safety markers include chemical markers such as isotopes, which are detected by spectroscopic measurement methods.
  • the pattern To reproduce a security tag, the pattern must first be identified.
  • the identification of a pattern can be made difficult in various ways, u. a. by using a pattern that is invisible to the human eye.
  • hidden (so-called covered) patterns are proposed in the prior art.
  • most of the known invisible patterns can be identified with little effort with currently available measurement methods.
  • the term information content of safety labels is important.
  • the term information content is to be understood as a synonym for the number of structural details, such as points or lines. The higher the information content, the more effort the replication requires.
  • the information content is limited upwards by the area ratio of the security marking to the size of the detail structures. The larger the area of the safety mark and the smaller the detail structures, the greater the maximum possible information content.
  • the metrological detection of safety characteristics usually takes place at two or more locations and / or times, for example at the producer of a product, possibly in a freight warehouse or during transport, as well as at a dealer or a consumer.
  • a product is first equipped with a safety indicator in an identification step.
  • the security code or the pattern contained therein is generally not a priori known, but is detected by measurement and recorded the measurement signal in encrypted or unencrypted form as identity code.
  • a security code located on a product is detected metrologically in a manner similar to the identification step and the measurement signal is compared in encrypted or unencrypted form with existing identity codes.
  • the product provided with a safety mark is positioned under a detector or passed past a detector.
  • the latter is e.g. the case with laser scanners, magnetic read heads or cameras with line sensor, as they are used in industrial image processing.
  • the positioning or movement of the product relative to the detector is done manually or by means of a mechanical device, such as e.g. a conveyor belt. Due to product technical or logistical conditions, certain specifications must be observed.
  • the metrological detection takes place without contact, wherein the working distance between the product and a detector must not fall below a minimum distance of a few cm up to a few meters. If the working distance is to be more than a few cm, preferably optical, in particular imaging, methods are used for the metrological detection.
  • sensitivity primarily means high lateral resolution and contrast, ie the optical measuring system used must have an optimized modulation transfer function.
  • immunity to metrological deviations so that the false negative error rate, ie the number of erroneously as a counterfeit rated original safety characteristics is low.
  • a common measurement deviation in the optical detection is incorrect positioning of the safety mark relative to the detector, vibrations or different lighting conditions.
  • the term coding encompasses all known electronic and mathematical methods used in the metrological recording, conversion, encryption, storage and reproduction of security identifiers. These methods may be implemented in the form of electronic hardware or software.
  • the data volume used in the coding is determined essentially by the information content of the safety mark in conjunction with the resolution of the metrological detection. In the optical detection of two-dimensional patterns, the data volume is limited upwards by the product of the number of metrologically resolved pixels (resolution pixels) and the number of color or contrast levels per resolution pixel. Detail structures of the security tag that are smaller than the resolution pixel can not be detected and therefore can not be encoded.
  • the present invention has the object to overcome the above disadvantages and to provide a simple and robust method for optical product authentication.
  • the film, the label or the lacquer coating contains randomly distributed, reflective and / or luminescent particles
  • the density of the particles in the film, the label or the paint is 30 to 20,000 particles / cm 3 ;
  • the density of the particles in the film, the label or the lacquer is 30 to 10,000 particles / cm 3 or 30 to 5,000 particles / cm 3 ;
  • the area density of the particles in the film, label or paint is 1 to 100 particles / cm 2 ;
  • the product or the label is constructed multi-layer and a layer consists of a film containing reflective and / or luminescent particles;
  • the particles consist of titanium dioxide and have a spherical shape with an equivalent diameter in the range of 10 to 200 pm;
  • the particles consist of titanium dioxide and a spherical shape with an equivalent diameter in the range of 10 to 40 pm, 20 to 50 pm, 30 to 60 pm, 40 to 70 pm, 50 to 80 pm, 60 to 90 pm, 70 to 100 pm, 80 to l 10 pm, 90 to 120 pm, 100 to
  • the particles consist of glass
  • the particles consist of glass with an optical refractive index of 1.5 to 2.0;
  • the particles consist of glass with an optical refractive index of 1.5 to 1.7, 1.6 to 1.8, 1.7 to 1.9 or 1.8 to 2.0;
  • the particles consist of glass with an optical refractive index of 1.85 to 1.95;
  • the particles are made of glass and have a spherical shape with an equivalent diameter in the range of 10 to 200 pm; - The particles are made of glass and have a spherical shape with an equivalent diameter in the range of 10 to 40 square meters, 20 to 50 square meters, 30 to 60 square meters, 40 to 70 square meters, 50 to 80 square meters, 60 to 90 square meters, 70 to 100 sqm, 80 to 110 sqm, 90 to 120 sqm, 100 to 130 sqm, 110 to 140 sqm, 120 to 150 sqm, 130 to 160 sqm, 140 to 170 sqm, 150 to 180 sqm, 160 to 190 sqm or 170 to 200 sqm have;
  • the coating particles of amorphous glass or a ceramic material, such as titanium dioxide, are frictionally connected to the surface of the spherical support made of glass;
  • the amorphous glass or ceramic coating particles such as titanium dioxide, have an optical refractive index of from 2.2 to 2.7;
  • the particles consist of an interference pigment
  • the particles consist of an interference pigment which comprises a carrier material, such as, for example, mica, silicate, aluminum oxide, calcium aluminum borosilicate or aluminum, the carrier material having an interference coating of a material, such as, for example, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, zirconium oxide or silica is equipped; -
  • the particles consist of 20 to 100 wt .-% of a fluorescent material, at
  • Irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 430 to 490 nm fluoresces, wherein 30 to 100% of the intensity of the fluorescent light has a wavelength in the range of 650 to 800 nm;
  • the particles consist of 20 to 100 wt .-% of a fluorescent material which fluoresces upon irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 430 to 490 nm, wherein 40 bis
  • the particles consist of a fluorescent material comprising europium-doped calcium aluminum silicon nitride (CaAlSiN 3 : Eu 2+ );
  • the particles consist of a fluorescent material, the europium-doped calcium
  • Aluminum silicon nitride (CaAlSiN3: Eu 2+ ) and a glass such as ZnO-B 2 O 3 -BaO-Al 2 O 3 glass; -
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a luminescent material which luminesces after irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 430 to 490 nm, wherein 60 to 100% of the intensity of the luminescent light has a wavelength in the range of 450 to 1000 nm;
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a luminescent material which luminesces after irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 430 to 490 nm and 60 to 100% of the intensity of the luminescent light has a wavelength in the range of 450 to 650 nm;
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a luminescent material which luminesces after irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 430 to 490 nm and 80 to 100% of the intensity of the luminescent light has a wavelength in the range of 450 to 650 nm;
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a luminescent material, luminesce after irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 430 to 490 nm and after 1 min according to DIN 67510-1: 2009 measured luminance of> 400 mcd / m 2 to have;
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a luminescent material, luminesce after irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 430 to 490 nm and after 1 min according to DIN 67510-1: 2009 measured luminance of> 600 mcd / m 2 ,> 800 mcd / m 2 ,> 1000 mcd / m 2 ,> 1500 mcd / m 2 ,> 2000 mcd / m 2 ,> 4000 mcd / m 2 ,> 6000 mcd / m 2 ,> 8000 mcd / m 2 , > 10000 mcd / m 2 ,> 20000 mcd / m 2 ,> 30000 mcd / m 2 or> 40000 mcd / m 2 ;
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a material having a luminescence lifetime t l ms ⁇ r ⁇ l0 h have;
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a material having a luminescence lifetime t with 10 ms ⁇ t ⁇ 10 h, 100 ms ⁇ t ⁇ 10 h, 1 s ⁇ t ⁇ 10 h, 10 s ⁇ t ⁇ 10 h or 60 s ⁇ t ⁇ 10 h;
  • the particles consist of a material based on yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O12; YAG) and yttrium aluminum gallium garnet (Y3Al5- x Ga x Oi2 with 2.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 3) , 5; YAGG), strontium aluminate (SrALCL, S ⁇ AlnCks), calcium aluminate (CaAhCL), strontium thiogallate (SrGa2S 4 ) or potassium titanium fluoride (K2T1F6); - The particles to 50 to 100 wt .-% of Ce and / or Cr-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3AI5O12; YAG) or yttrium aluminum gallium garnet (Y3Al5- x Ga x Oi2 with 2.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 3.5;YAGG);
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of Mn-doped potassium titanium fluoride (K2T1F6);
  • the reflective and / or luminescent particles comprise two, three, four, five or more different types, each particle consisting of 20 to 100% by weight of one of the materials described above;
  • the reflective and / or luminescent particles comprise two, three, four, five or more different types, each particle having one of the structures described above;
  • the particles have a mean size dso with 5 mhi ⁇ dso ⁇ 200 mhi;
  • the particles have a mean size dso of 10 mih ⁇ dso ⁇ 150 mih, 20 mih ⁇ dso ⁇ 150 mih, 30 mih ⁇ dso ⁇ 150 mih, 40 mih ⁇ dso ⁇ 150 mih, 50 mm ⁇ dso ⁇ 150 mm or
  • the product or packaging of the product is equipped with a serial number or a digital code, such as barcode or QR code;
  • the product or packaging of the product is equipped with a label with a serial number or a digital code, such as barcode or QR code;
  • the product or packaging of the product is equipped with a label containing one or more orientation marks
  • 101 to 300, 200 to 400, 300 to 500, 400 to 600, 500 to 700, 600 to 800 or 700 to 1000 reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles are recorded under defined mutually different camera perspectives;
  • a plurality of reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles are recorded under defined, mutually different camera perspectives, wherein between the recording of two successive Referenzbildem the camera is tilted in each case by a predetermined polar differential angle such that a polar inclination angle between an optical axis of the camera and the axis of gravity assumes a predetermined value;
  • the shape of the product is detected by means of a 3d-scanner and the determined three-dimensional shape coordinates are used for a digital calibration of the one or more reference images;
  • one or more visual features of the product such as contours, edges, inscriptions, bar codes, QR codes or label margins, are imaged in the at least one reference image simultaneously with the reflective and / or luminescent particles; one or more orientation marks in the at least one reference image are imaged simultaneously with the reflective and / or luminescent particles;
  • the one or more reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles are stored in a database
  • a reference key is calculated on the basis of the one or more reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles
  • each image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles are determined based on the intensity of the reflected light or on the basis of the intensity of the luminescent light;
  • each image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles are determined by means of threshold separation
  • each image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles are determined by gray value threshold separation
  • the one or more reference images are each converted into a gray scale image file and binarized by gray level threshold separation;
  • each image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles using a recursive Grass Fire algorithm are determined
  • each image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles are determined using a sequential Grass Fire algorithm
  • the reference key comprises the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective reference image
  • the reference key is composed of the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective reference image
  • the reference key comprises angles of polygons formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective reference image;
  • the reference key comprises angles of triangles formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective reference image; - the one or more reference keys are stored in a database; - the serial number or the digital code is stored in a database;
  • the product is supported by a horizontal surface when recording the one or more reference images
  • the product is arranged on a horizontal surface when recording the one or more reference images
  • the one or more reference images with one equipped with a CCD image sensor
  • the one or more reference images are recorded with a camera equipped with a CMOS image sensor;
  • the one or more reference images are recorded with a camera equipped with a BSI image sensor;
  • the camera is aligned in the recording of the one or more reference images such that an angle between the optical axis of the camera and the gravity axis is ⁇ 5 degrees;
  • the camera is aligned in the recording of the one or more reference images such that an angle between the optical axis of the camera and the
  • Gravity axis is ⁇ 2 degrees
  • the camera is aligned in the recording of the one or more reference images such that an angle between the optical axis of the camera and the gravity axis is ⁇ 1 degree;
  • the product is irradiated with light whose intensity is from 10 to 100% at a wavelength in the range 430 to 490 nm;
  • the product is irradiated with light whose intensity is 10 to 90%, 20 to 80%, 30 to 70% or 40 to 60% of a wavelength in the range 430 to 490 nm;
  • the product is irradiated with the light of a GaN LED or an InGaN LED;
  • the product is irradiated with the light of a white light GaN LED or a white light InGaN LED;
  • the one or more recognition images are recorded with a camera equipped with a CCD sensor;
  • the one or more recognition images are recorded with a camera equipped with a CMOS sensor;
  • the one or more recognition images are recorded with a camera equipped with a BSI sensor;
  • the one or more recognition images are recorded with a camera equipped with a color CCD sensor;
  • the one or more recognition images are recorded with a camera equipped with a color CMOS sensor
  • the one or more recognition images are recorded with a camera equipped with a color BSI sensor;
  • the one or more recognition images is recorded with a, equipped with a digital camera mobile phone;
  • the one or more recognition images are recorded with a mobile phone equipped with a digital camera and a GaN LED or InGaN LED;
  • the one or more identification images are recorded with a mobile phone equipped with a digital camera and a white-light GaN LED or white light InGaN LED;
  • the product is based in the recording of the one or more recognition images by a horizontal surface from; the product is arranged on a horizontal surface when recording the one or more recognition images;
  • the camera in the recording of the one or more recognition images, is oriented such that an angle between the optical axis of the camera and the axis of gravity is ⁇ 5 degrees;
  • the camera is aligned in the recording of the one or more recognition images such that an angle between the optical axis of the camera and the gravity axis is ⁇ 2 degrees;
  • the camera is aligned in recording the one or more recognition images such that an angle between the optical axis of the camera and the gravity axis is ⁇ 1 degree;
  • the one or more recognition images are recorded with a mobile phone equipped with a tilt sensor
  • an angle Q between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile phone and the axis of gravity is measured by means of the inclination sensor;
  • the one or more recognition images are recorded with a mobile phone equipped with a 3-axis acceleration sensor;
  • an angle Q between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile phone and the axis of gravity is measured by means of the 3-axis acceleration sensor;
  • the one or more recognition images are enhanced using digital image processing to increase the signal-to-noise ratio
  • a combination image is calculated digitally from two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more recognition images;
  • a serial number arranged on the product, a packaging film or a label is imaged simultaneously with the reflective and / or luminescent particles;
  • serial number is compared with serial number stored in a database
  • one or more visual features of the product such as contours, edges, inscriptions, bar codes, QR codes or label margins, are formed in the at least one recognition image simultaneously with the reflective and / or luminescent particles;
  • Contours, edges, inscriptions, barcodes, QR-codes or label edges are digitally registered between the at least one recognition image and the one or more reference images;
  • one or more orientation marks are imaged in the one or more recognition images simultaneously with the reflective and / or luminescent particles; a digital image registration is performed between the at least one recognition image and the one or more reference images based on the one or more orientation marks;
  • a digital image registration between the combination image and the one or more reference images is performed on the basis of the one or more orientation marks
  • an angle Q measured by the inclination sensor between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile phone and the axis of gravity is used;
  • Acceleration sensor measured angle Q between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile phone and the axis of gravity is used;
  • image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles are respectively determined on the basis of the intensity of the reflected light or on the basis of the intensity of the luminescent light;
  • each of the one or more Erkennungsbildem image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles are determined by grayscale threshold separation
  • the one or more recognition images are each converted into a gray scale image file and binarized by gray level threshold separation;
  • Algorithm to be determined in each of the one or more recognition images, image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles are determined by means of a sequential Grass Fire algorithm;
  • a recognition key is calculated on the basis of the at least one recognition image;
  • a recognition key is calculated on the basis of the combination image;
  • an angle Q measured by means of the inclination sensor between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile telephone and the axis of gravity is used;
  • the recognition key comprises the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective recognition image
  • the recognition key is composed of the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective recognition image
  • the recognition key comprises angles of polygons formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective recognition image;
  • the recognition key comprises angles of triangles formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective recognition image; - The recognition key, the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent
  • the recognition key is composed of the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the combination image
  • the recognition key comprises angles of polygons formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the combination image;
  • the recognition key comprises angles of triangles formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the combination image;
  • the identification key is compared with a reference key stored in a database;
  • the recognition key is compared with a plurality of reference keys stored in a database;
  • a positive authentication is displayed if the recognition key and a reference key stored in a database match sufficiently;
  • a negative authentication is displayed if the recognition key and a reference key stored in a database differ sufficiently.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises digital methods for amplifying the one or more detection images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles.
  • the digital amplification is carried out according to one of the methods described below or according to a combination of two or more of these methods:
  • Color filtering in particular limitation to the green component and / or the red component of the one or more identification images
  • Subtraction of color components or color channels in particular weighted subtraction of the blue component or the blue color channel from the green and / or red color component or color channel.
  • fluorescence and phosphorescence designate substances and also particles which fluoresce or phosphoresce due to excitation with electromagnetic radiation (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuminescence). Accordingly, according to the invention fluorescence and phosphorescence (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoreszenz) are subsumed under the term fuminescence.
  • the term "reflective” refers to simply reflective, retroreflective (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroreflector) and iridescent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir any) particles or pigments which reflect electromagnetic radiation and in particular light having wavelengths in the range of 380 to 780 nm due to diffraction or interference.
  • the term “retroreflective” refers to particles or pigments that reflect a significant portion of the incident intensity substantially opposite to the direction of incidence.
  • retroreflective particles in particular spherical particles of glass or titanium dioxide are used with an equivalent diameter in the range of 10 to 200 pm.
  • the spherical particles are preferably made of a glass having an optical refractive index in the range of 1.5 to 2.0.
  • the optical refractive index of titanium dioxide is about 2.6.
  • Typical polymers have an optical refractive index of 1.4. The greater the difference between the optical refractive indices of the retroreflective particles and a surrounding polymer matrix, the higher the light intensity reflected by the particles.
  • the term "iridescent" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir al.
  • Iridescent particles or pigments usually consist of a support material, such as mica, silicate, alumina, calcium-aluminum borosilicate or aluminum, which is provided with an interference coating of a material such as titanium dioxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, zirconium oxide or silicon dioxide.
  • the interference coating has a well-defined thickness d such that, for a given wavelength l, the optical path difference or optical path length, ie the product of the thickness d and the optical refractive index h (l), is an odd-numbered multiple
  • azimuthal angle (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelkoordinaten) according to the invention, the angle of rotation about a parallel to gravity, ie vertical space axis referred to.
  • polar angle (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelkoordinaten) according to the invention denotes an angle of inclination, which is bounded by a parallel to gravity, ie vertical axis and an axis inclined thereto.
  • a recognition key is calculated and the recognition key is compared with the one or more reference keys.
  • An image-related deviation between the at least one recognition or combination image and the one or more reference images may result in an authentic product not being recognized as such. In the literature, such a test result is sometimes referred to as "false negative".
  • Image-related deviations between the at least one recognition or combination image and the one or more reference images are caused for example by different camera perspectives when recording the one or more reference images and the at least one recognition image.
  • the method (ii) Orientation based or direct "registration" of the at least one recognition or combination image with the one or more reference images.
  • the method (i) is also referred to in the context of the present invention as a "perspective library method".
  • the perspective library method is based on the idea of antipying the probable camera perspectives when recording the at least one recognition image and to create a reference library for the direct and rapid comparison without computation-intensive or with simplified image registration.
  • the terms "registering,””imageregistration,” and “registration” refer to digital methods in which an image transformation is determined based on a reference image and a recognition or combination image such that when the image transformation is applied to the recognition or combination image to the reference image as similar as possible image is obtained.
  • Image registration is required for calculating a deviation measure between a recognition or combination image and one or more reference images. Without image registration, a comparison between a recognition or combination image and one or more reference images is error-prone and does not allow reliable association and authentication.
  • the electronic or digital image registration represents only one of several possibilities for compensating for image-related deviations between one or more recognition images or a combination image and one or more reference images.
  • DNN Deep Neural Nets
  • CNN Convolutional Neural Nets
  • near-neighbor algorithms https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next-Nachbam-classification
  • a serial number or a digital code such as barcode or QR code, which are depicted on the product, on a packaging film or on a label, is used to authenticate the recognition or combination image allocate several reference images and avoid a computationally intensive search or a computationally intensive comparison with reference images of a priori non-identical products.
  • the serial number or the digital code acts as a fast sorting or search index.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention include methods for correcting image-related deviations between the at least one recognition or combination image and the one or more reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles.
  • image-related deviations between the recognition and reference images are compensated by means of digital image registration. In this case, an orientation-based method or a direct method is used for image registration.
  • An orientation mark based method comprises the steps:
  • the one or more landmarks may be designed as geometric patterns such as letters, numbers, lines, crosshairs, or stripe patterns.
  • the one or more orientation marks are designed as printing or laser inscription on a label or a packaging film.
  • orientation marks In contrast to randomly distributed particles, orientation marks have a known shape, which considerably simplifies the identification and association between a first and second image of an orientation mark recorded in different camera perspectives in a reference and recognition image. In the literature, orientation marks are sometimes referred to as "landmarks".
  • an image or correction transformation is determined by means of iterative optimization methods in such a way that, when the correction transformation is applied to the recognition image, a corrected recognition image is obtained whose deviation from the reference image is minimal.
  • Various methods or algorithms for the digital registration of orientation marks and / or complete images are known in the prior art (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Image Registration; http: // elastix .isi.uu.nl /) ,
  • the image transformation T images each pixel (i, j) of the recognition image I E onto a pixel ( ⁇ t, J ' T ).
  • image transformation T various illustrations are possible, such as, for example:
  • a concrete image transformation T comprises, for example, a rotation R about an angle f about a vertical axis or about the axis of gravity, a scaling factor s and a translation vector (ti, t 2 ), ie a total of four parameters.
  • Such an image transformation T corresponds to an image of the form:
  • the above simple image transformation T already represents a good approximation for discrepancies between the camera perspective when recording recognition images from the camera perspective when recording a reference image when the respective angles QE and respectively 0R between the optical axis of the camera and the gravity axis are less than 10 degrees are (QE ⁇ 10 degrees, 0R ⁇ 10 degrees).
  • the metric M provides a measure of the deviation of the transformed recognition image T (IE) from the reference image IR.
  • various measures such as Mean Squared Difference (MSD), Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NCC), Mutual Information (MI), Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) and Kappa Statistics (KS) are considered.
  • M can be used in the calculation of the metric instead of the full two-dimensional summation a two-dimensional summation over selected image coordinates, for example via grid-like equidistantly distributed or randomly selected image coordinates, can be used over all image coordinates.
  • the initially unknown parameters of the image transformation T are determined by means of iterative nonlinear optimization such that the metric function M assumes a value that is smaller than a predetermined limit. Iterative nonlinear optimization is based on quasi-Newton (QN), non-linear conjugate gradient (NCG), gradient descent (GD) or Robbins-Monro (RM) algorithms.
  • QN quasi-Newton
  • NCG non-linear conjugate gradient
  • GD gradient descent
  • RM Robbins-Monro
  • the interpolation point in parameter space for which the deviation between the corrected recognition image and the reference image is minimal, is used as an approximation to the global minimum.
  • a statistical search with support points randomly distributed in the parameter space is also considered within the scope of the present invention.
  • the invention has the object to provide a system for the optical authentication of products. This object is achieved by a system comprising
  • markings which are each formed as a film, film area, label or Fackbe harshung and contain randomly distributed, reflective and / or luminescent particles;
  • a registration system having a primary image capture system for recording one or more reference images of a tagged product and a primary image processing system;
  • one or more authentication systems each comprising a secondary image capture system for recording one or more recognition images of a tagged product, a secondary image processing system, and a digital pattern recognition system.
  • the density of the particles in the film, the film region, the label or the fack is from 30 to 20,000 particles / cm 3 ;
  • the areal density of the particles in the film, the film area, the label or the fack is 1 to 100 particles / cm 2 ;
  • the areal density of the particles in the film, the film area, the label or the fack 1 to 20 particles / cm 2 , 10 to 30 particles / cm 2 , 20 to 40 particles / cm 2 , 30 to 50 particles / cm 2 , 40 is 60 particles / cm 2 , 50 to 70 particles / cm 2 , 60 to 80 particles / cm 2 , 70 to 90 particles / cm 2 or 80 to 100 particles / cm 3 ;
  • a product or label is provided with a transparent cover sheet containing reflective and / or luminescent particles;
  • a product or a label is constructed multi-layered and a Fage consists of a film containing reflective and / or luminescent particles;
  • the particles consist of titanium dioxide and have a spherical shape with an equivalent diameter in the range of 10 to 200 pm;
  • the particles consist of titanium dioxide and have a spherical shape with an equivalent diameter in the range of 10 to 40 pm, 20 to 50 pm, 30 to 60 pm, 40 to 70 pm,
  • the particles consist of glass
  • the particles consist of glass with an optical refractive index of 1.5 to 2.0;
  • the particles consist of glass with an optical refractive index of 1.5 to 1.7, 1.6 to 1.8, 1.7 to 1.9 or 1.8 to 2.0;
  • the particles consist of glass with an optical refractive index of 1.85 to 1.95;
  • the particles are made of glass and have a spherical shape with an equivalent diameter in the range of 10 to 200 pm;
  • the particles consist of glass and a spherical shape with an equivalent diameter in the range of 10 to 40 pm, 20 to 50 pm, 30 to 60 pm, 40 to 70 pm, 50 to 80 pm, 60 to 90 pm, 70 to 100 pm, 80 to l l0 pm, 90 to 120 pm, 100 to 130 pm, H0 to l40 pm, 120 to 150 pm, 130 to 160 pm, 140 to 170 pm, 150 to 180 pm, 160 to 190 pm or 170 to 200 pm;
  • the coating particles of amorphous glass or a ceramic material, such as titanium dioxide, are frictionally connected to the surface of the spherical support made of glass;
  • the amorphous glass or ceramic coating particles such as titanium dioxide, have an optical refractive index of from 2.2 to 2.7;
  • the particles consist of an interference pigment
  • the particles consist of an interference pigment which comprises a carrier material, such as, for example, mica, silicate, aluminum oxide, calcium aluminum borosilicate or aluminum, the carrier material having an interference coating of a material, such as, for example, titanium dioxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, zirconium oxide or silica is equipped; -
  • the particles consist of 20 to 100 wt .-% of a fluorescent material, at
  • Irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 430 to 490 nm fluoresces, wherein 30 to 100% of the intensity of the fluorescent light has a wavelength in the range of 650 to 800 nm;
  • the particles consist of 20 to 100 wt .-% of a fluorescent material which fluoresces upon irradiation with light in the wavelength range of 430 to 490 nm, wherein 40 bis 100%, 50 to 100%, 60 to 100%, 70 to 100% or 80 to 100% of the intensity of the fluorescent light has a wavelength in the range of 650 to 800 nm;
  • the particles consist of a fluorescent material comprising europium-doped calcium aluminum silicon nitride (CaAlSiN 3 : Eu 2+ );
  • the particles consist of a fluorescent material, the europium-doped calcium
  • Aluminum silicon nitride (CaAlSiNvEu 2 ) and a glass such as ZnO-B 2 O 3 -BaO-Al 2 O 3 glass;
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a luminescent material which luminesces after irradiation with light in the range of 430 to 490 nm, wherein 60 to 100% of the intensity of the luminescent light has a wavelength in the range of 450 to
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a luminescent material which luminesces after irradiation with light in the range of 430 to 490 nm and 60 to 100% of the intensity of the luminescent light has a wavelength in the range of 450 to 650 nm;
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a luminescent material which luminesces after irradiation with light in the range of 430 to 490 nm and 80 to 100% of the intensity of the luminescence has a wavelength in the range of 450 to 650 nm;
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a luminescent material, after
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a luminescent material, luminesce after irradiation with light in the range of 430 to 490 nm and after 1 min according to DIN 67510-1: 2009 measured luminance of> 600 mcd / m 2 .
  • the particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a material having a luminescence lifetime t with l ms ⁇ r ⁇ l0 h; - The particles consist of 50 to 100 wt .-% of a material having a luminescence lifetime t with 10 ms ⁇ t ⁇ 10 h, 100 ms ⁇ t ⁇ 10 h, 1 s ⁇ t ⁇ 10 h, 10 s ⁇ t ⁇ 10 h or 60 s ⁇ t ⁇ 10 h;
  • the reflective and / or luminescent particles comprise two, three, four, five or more different types, each particle consisting of 20 to 100% by weight of one of the materials described above;
  • the reflective and / or luminescent particles comprise two, three, four, five or more different types, each particle having one of the structures described above;
  • the particles have a mean size dso with 5 mhi ⁇ dso ⁇ 200 mhi;
  • the particles have a mean size dso with 10 mhi ⁇ dso ⁇ 150 mhi, 20 mhi ⁇ dso ⁇ 150 mhi,
  • - Products or packaging of products are each equipped with a serial number or a digital code, such as barcode or QR code;
  • - Products or a packaging of products are each equipped with a label with a serial number or a digital code, such as barcode or QR code;
  • Memory and software includes
  • the registration system comprises a digital processing unit (microprocessor), electronic memory and software for controlling the primary image capture system;
  • the registration system is connected to the database
  • the registration system is connected to the communication system
  • the database is connected to the communication system
  • the registration system is connected to the database via the communication system;
  • the primary imaging system comprises a camera having a CCD image sensor
  • the primary imaging system comprises a camera having a CMOS image sensor
  • the primary imaging system comprises a camera with a BSI image sensor
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to record two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more reference images of a tagged product under defined, mutually different camera angles; - the registration system is set up and configured 11 to 30, 20 to 40, 30 to
  • the registration system is set up and configured to record 101-300, 200-400, 300-500, 400-600, 500-700, 600-800, or 700-1000 reference images of a flagged product among defined, mutually different camera perspectives ;
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to record two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles under defined, mutually different camera angles;
  • the registration system is set up and configured for 11 to 30, 20 to 40, 30 to 50, 40 to 60, 50 to 70, 60 to 80 or 70 to 100 reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles under defined mutually different camera perspectives record;
  • the registration system is set up and configured for 101 to 300, 200 to 400, 300 to 500, 400 to 600, 500 to 700, 600 to 800 or 700 to 1000 reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles under defined, mutually different camera perspectives record;
  • the registration system comprises an automatically driven turntable for a product
  • the registration system is set up and configured to record a plurality of reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles under defined, mutually different camera perspectives, wherein a product is placed on a turntable, and between the recording of two successive reference images of the turntable with the product one at a time predetermined azimuthal difference angle is rotated;
  • the registration system is set up and configured to record a plurality of reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles under defined, mutually different camera perspectives, and tilt the camera by a predetermined polar difference angle between the recording of two successive reference images;
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to record a plurality of reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles under defined, mutually different camera perspectives and between the recording of two successive Referenzbildem the camera each tilt by a predetermined polar differential angle such that a polar inclination angle between an optical axis of the camera and the axis of gravity assumes a predetermined value;
  • the registration system includes a 3d scanner
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to capture the shape of a product by means of a 3d-scanner and to use the determined three-dimensional shape coordinates for a digital calibration of the one or more reference images;
  • the registration system is set up and configured to display one or more visual features of a product, such as contours, edges, labels, barcodes,
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to image one or more orientation marks in the at least one reference image simultaneously with the reflective and / or luminescent particles;
  • the registration system is set up and configured to store the one or more reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the database;
  • the registration system is set up and configured for this purpose, in each case one based on the one or more reference images of the reflective and / or luminescent particles
  • the registration system is set up and configured to determine image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the one or more reference images based on the intensity of the reflected light or on the intensity of the luminescent light;
  • the registration system is set up and configured to determine image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles by means of threshold separation in the one or more reference images;
  • the registration system is set up and configured to determine, in the one or more reference images, image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles by means of gray scale threshold separation; the registration system is set up and configured to respectively convert the one or more reference images into a gray value image file and to binarize it by means of gray scale threshold separation;
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to determine image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the one or more reference images using a recursive Grass Fire algorithm;
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to determine image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the one or more reference images using a sequential Grass Fire algorithm; the registration system is set up and configured to generate a reference key comprising the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective reference image;
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to generate a reference key composed of the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective reference image;
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to generate a reference key comprising angles of polygons formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective reference image;
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to generate a reference key comprising angles of triangles formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective reference image;
  • the registration system is set up and configured for one or more
  • the registration system is set up and configured to store the serial number or the digital code in the database
  • the registration system is set up and configured for one or more
  • the registration system is set up and configured to associate one or more reference keys and the serial number or the digital code in the database by means of a database technical relation; the registration system is arranged and configured to support a product in recording the one or more reference images on a horizontal surface;
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to place a product on the recording of the one or more reference images on a horizontal surface
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to align the camera in recording the one or more reference images such that an angle between the optical axis of the camera and the axis of gravity is ⁇ 5 degrees;
  • the registration system is set up and configured to use the camera in the
  • the registration system is arranged and configured to align the camera in recording the one or more reference images such that an angle between the optical axis of the camera and the gravity axis is ⁇ 1 degree;
  • the authentication system comprises a digital processing unit (microprocessor), electronic memory and software;
  • the authentication system comprises a digital processing unit (microprocessor), electronic memory and software for controlling the secondary image capture system; -
  • the authentication system a digital processing unit (microprocessor), electronic
  • the authentication system comprises a digital processing unit (microprocessor), electronic memory and software for data processing and data transmission;
  • the authentication system comprises a digital processing unit (microprocessor), electronic memory and software for the digital pattern recognition system;
  • the digital pattern recognition system comprises a software implemented neural network
  • the digital pattern recognition system comprises a hard- and software-implemented neural network
  • the digital pattern recognition system comprises one or more graphics processors (GPUs); - The authentication system is connected to the communication system; - the authentication system is connected to the database;
  • GPUs graphics processors
  • the authentication system is connected via the communication system with the database;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured for, image-related deviations between the at least one recognition image or one of several
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to illuminate a product with light whose intensity is 10 to 100% wavelength in the range of 430 to 490 nm;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to illuminate a product with light whose intensity is 10 to 90%, 20 to 80%, 30 to 70% or 40 to 60% wavelength in the range 430 to 490 nm;
  • the authentication system is configured and configured to illuminate a product with the light of a GaN LED or an InGaN LED;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to illuminate a product with the light of a white light GaN LED or a white light InGaN LED;
  • the authentication system comprises a shutter for the shielding of ambient light
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to shield ambient light when recording the one or more recognition images
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to shield ambient light using a shutter when recording the one or more detection images
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to use ambient light when recording the one or more recognition images
  • the authentication system comprises a camera equipped with a CCD sensor
  • the authentication system comprises a camera equipped with a CMOS sensor
  • the authentication system comprises a camera equipped with a BSI sensor
  • the authentication system comprises a camera equipped with a color CCD sensor; the authentication system comprises a camera equipped with a color CMOS sensor;
  • the authentication system comprises a camera equipped with a color BSI sensor
  • the authentication system comprises a mobile phone equipped with a digital camera
  • the authentication system comprises a mobile phone equipped with a digital camera and a GaN LED or InGaN LED;
  • the authentication system comprises a mobile telephone equipped with a digital camera and a white light GaN LED or white light InGaN LED;
  • the authentication system comprises a horizontal surface for supporting products
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to align the camera when recording the one or more recognition images such that an angle between the optical axis of the camera and the gravity axis is ⁇ 5 degrees;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to align the camera when recording the one or more recognition images such that a
  • Angle between the optical axis of the camera and the gravity axis is ⁇ 2 degrees
  • the authentication system is arranged and configured to align the camera in recording the one or more recognition images such that an angle between the optical axis of the camera and the gravity axis is ⁇ 1 degree; the authentication system comprises a tilted cellphone;
  • the mobile phone is arranged and configured to simultaneously measure an angle Q between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile phone and the axis of gravity using the tilt sensor to record the one or more recognition images;
  • Mobile phone comprises;
  • the mobile phone is arranged and configured to measure, simultaneously with the recording of the one or more recognition images, an angle Q between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile phone and the axis of gravity using the 3-axis acceleration sensor;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to record one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more recognition images;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to record two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more recognition images under the same camera perspective;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to record two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more recognition images under different camera angles;
  • the authentication system is arranged and configured to record two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more recognition images and to irradiate a product with light in the period between the recording of two recognition images;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to record two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more recognition images, and to record a product in the period between the recording of two recognition images with light from a GaN
  • the authentication system is configured and configured to digitally amplify the one or more recognition images
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to amplify the one or more recognition images using digital image processing in order to
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to digitally overlay or add two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more recognition images;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to digitally compute a combination image based on two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten or more recognition images;
  • the authentication system is arranged and configured to image a serial number on a product, packaging film or label, simultaneously with the reflective and / or luminescent particles; the authentication system is set up and configured to digitize an image of a serial number by means of character recognition;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to compare a serial number with a serial number stored in a database
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to image a digital code, such as a bar code or a QR code, arranged on a product, a packaging film or a label, simultaneously with the reflective and / or luminescent particles;
  • a digital code such as a bar code or a QR code
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to decode a digital code
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to compare a digital code with digital codes stored in a database
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to display one or more visual features of a product, such as contours, edges, labels, bar codes, QR codes or label edges, simultaneously with the reflective and / or luminescent ones
  • Image particles in the one or more recognition images are Image particles in the one or more recognition images
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to use the one or more visual features of a product, such as contours, edges, labels, bar codes, QR codes or label margins, to digitally register between the at least one recognition image and the one or more
  • the authentication system is arranged and configured to image one or more orientation marks simultaneously with the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the one or more recognition images;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to perform digital image registration between the at least one recognition image and the one or more reference images based on the one or more landmarks;
  • the authentication system is configured and configured to digitally compare the at least one recognition image and the one or more reference images; the authentication system is arranged and configured to perform digital image registration between the combination image and the one or more reference images based on the one or more landmarks;
  • the authentication system is configured and configured to digitally compare the combination image and the one or more reference images
  • the authentication system is arranged and configured to use, in the digital comparison of the at least one recognition image or the combination image with the one or more reference images, an angle Q measured by the inclination sensor between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile phone and the axis of gravity;
  • the authentication system is arranged and configured to digitally compare the at least one recognition image or the combination image with the one or more reference images with an angle Q measured by the 3-axis acceleration sensor between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile phone and the gravity axis use;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to determine image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the one or more recognition images based on the intensity of the reflected light or on the intensity of the luminescent light;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to determine image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles by means of threshold separation in the one or more recognition images;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to determine image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the one or more recognition images by gray value threshold separation;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to respectively convert the one or more recognition images into a gray-scale image file and to binarize them by means of gray level threshold separation;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to determine image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the one or more recognition images using a recursive Grass Fire algorithm; the authentication system is set up and configured to determine image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the one or more recognition images using a sequential Grass Fire algorithm;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to use the at least one recognition image to calculate a recognition key
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to calculate a recognition key from the combination image
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to use an angle Q measured by the inclination sensor between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile telephone and the axis of gravity in the calculation of the recognition key;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to use in the calculation of the recognition key an angle Q measured by the 3-axis acceleration sensor between the optical axis of the camera of the mobile phone and the axis of gravity;
  • the recognition key is composed of the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective recognition image
  • the recognition key comprises angles of polygons formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective recognition image;
  • the recognition key comprises angles of triangles formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the respective recognition image;
  • the recognition key comprises the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the combination image
  • the recognition key is composed of the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the combination image
  • the recognition key comprises angles of polygons formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the combination image;
  • the recognition key comprises angles of triangles formed from the image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles in the combination image;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to compare the recognition key with a reference key stored in the database;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to compare the recognition key with a plurality of reference keys stored in the database;
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to be a positive one
  • the authentication system is set up and configured to have a negative
  • the terms “registration system” and “authentication system” refer to functional units that include one or more hardware components, such as electronic computers and data storage, and one or more software programs that may be spatially separated from one another Communication network communicate with each other and receive data.
  • the secondary image capture system and the secondary image processing system may be located at different locations and interconnected via the Internet and / or a mobile network.
  • the secondary image capture system is designed as a mobile phone and the secondary image processing system as a powerful, equipped with one or more graphics processors (GPU) computer, which is located in the same place as the database and / or the registration system.
  • GPU graphics processors
  • configurations are also provided in which the registration and authentication system partially use the same hardware components, in particular the same computer for the primary and secondary image processing system.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of reflective or luminescent particles 1, which are recorded by means of a camera (2, 2 ') under a first and second camera perspective.
  • the optical axis of the camera (2, 2 ') under the first and second camera perspective is denoted by the reference numeral 3, respectively 3'.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the fact that when a recognition or reference image is recorded, the digital image or image coordinates of the reflective and / or luminescent particles 1 vary depending on the respective camera perspective.
  • a world coordinate system and a camera coordinate system of the first camera perspective have matching axes x, y, z and (1,0,0), (0,1,0), (0,0,1), respectively.
  • An origin of the camera coordinate system of the first camera perspective is shifted from an origin of the world coordinate system along the z-axis by a distance not designated in FIG.
  • a camera coordinate system of the second camera perspective has the axes x ', y', z ', which emerge from the axes x, y, z by rotation about an azimuthal rotation angle f, a polar rotation angle 0 and an axial rotation angle w, which is mathematically non- Commutative product of three turning matrices
  • d the Kronecker delta and i kj is the Levi-Civita symbol (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/rotary; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker-Delta; https : //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Levi-Civita symbol).
  • FIG. 1 shows a coordinate network 4 with nodes or interpolation points, which correspond azimuthally and polarly to equidistant angular coordinates.
  • the example shown in Fig. 1 is a coordinate network 4 with nodes or interpolation points, which correspond azimuthally and polarly to equidistant angular coordinates.
  • Fig. 1 shows a coordinate network 4 with nodes or interpolation points, which correspond azimuthally and polarly to equidistant angular coordinates.
  • Rotation angle w correspond, used.
  • a plurality of reference images are recorded under different camera perspectives when registering a product marked with reflective and / or luminescent particles, wherein the different camera perspectives for a coordinate network 4 shown in FIG. 1 with equidistant nodes or support points or respectively equidistant values of the azimuthal, polar and axial rotation angle f, q, w correspond.
  • size denotes the equivalent diameter of a spherical particle of the same material composition, which, depending on the measuring method used, has the same projection area (electron microscope) or the same light scattering as the examined particles.
  • microscale particles or agglomerates are determined according to the invention by means of a scanning electron microscope or transmission electron microscope and an image analysis software such as ImageJ (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij).
  • imageJ http://imagej.nih.gov/ij
  • at least 100, preferably at least 1000 particles or agglomerates are digitally measured with the aid of the image analysis software on the basis of digitized electron micrographs. Due to the high lateral resolution of prior art electron microscopes, which ranges from a few angstroms up to 10 nm, depending on the setting of the electron optics and the beam parameters, the equivalent diameter of the particles or agglomerates can be determined with high reliability.
  • Software-assisted methods for the evaluation of digital images of particles recorded by means of light or electron microscopes are known in the art and comprise the following steps:
  • Algorithmic binarization of the image d. H. Conversion of the gray scale image into a black and white image; - where applicable, algorithmic binary dilation and erosion (closing) to fill in gaps or binary erosion and dilation (opening) to eliminate artifacts caused by image noise, such as pseudoparticles; and

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système d'authentification optique de produits selon lesquels un produit est caractérisé avec des particules optiquement actives, une image de référence des particules optiquement actives est enregistrée lors d'une étape d'inscription et une image de reconnaissance des particules optiquement actives est enregistrée lors d'une étape de reconnaissance et le produit est authentifié par comparaison de données d'images ou d'un codage déduit des données d'images.
EP19724352.0A 2018-04-12 2019-04-12 Procédé et système d'authentification optique de produits Pending EP3776339A1 (fr)

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DE102018108741.1A DE102018108741A1 (de) 2018-04-12 2018-04-12 Verfahren für optische Produktauthentifizierung
PCT/EP2019/059466 WO2019197628A1 (fr) 2018-04-12 2019-04-12 Procédé et système d'authentification optique de produits

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JP (1) JP2021521477A (fr)
KR (1) KR20200140827A (fr)
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AU (1) AU2019250610A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112020017622A2 (fr)
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US11610299B2 (en) 2023-03-21
US20210150690A1 (en) 2021-05-20
DE102018108741A1 (de) 2019-10-17
CA3092189A1 (fr) 2019-10-17
AU2019250610A1 (en) 2020-09-17
CN111971683A (zh) 2020-11-20
KR20200140827A (ko) 2020-12-16
JP2021521477A (ja) 2021-08-26
WO2019197628A1 (fr) 2019-10-17
US20230267602A1 (en) 2023-08-24
BR112020017622A2 (pt) 2020-12-22

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