EP3769422A1 - Kapazitive sensorvorrichtung eines fahrzeuges - Google Patents
Kapazitive sensorvorrichtung eines fahrzeugesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3769422A1 EP3769422A1 EP19708990.7A EP19708990A EP3769422A1 EP 3769422 A1 EP3769422 A1 EP 3769422A1 EP 19708990 A EP19708990 A EP 19708990A EP 3769422 A1 EP3769422 A1 EP 3769422A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- arrangement
- signal
- input signal
- drive
- vehicle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
- H03K17/945—Proximity switches
- H03K17/955—Proximity switches using a capacitive detector
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/023—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for transmission of signals between vehicle parts or subsystems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
- H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
- H03K2217/96—Touch switches
- H03K2217/9607—Capacitive touch switches
- H03K2217/960705—Safety of capacitive touch and proximity switches, e.g. increasing reliability, fail-safe
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an arrangement for a capacitive sensor device of a vehicle. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a capacitive sensor device of a vehicle.
- a capacitive sensor device with a sensor element on a vehicle can be used to detect changes in the environment of the sensor element, such as a movement or approach of a person.
- the sensor element To evaluate the sensor element, it can be repeatedly charged and discharged, which is accompanied by an output and a reception of electrical signals within the sensor device.
- periodic rectangular signals are mostly used, which can arise due to the reloading and / or switching between a discharge and a charging current path.
- For evaluation of the sensor element z.
- B. Umladebacter as disclosed in DE 10 2012 102 422 A1, DE 10 2012 105 266 A1, DE 10 2013 112 909 A1 or DE 10 2013 112 910 A1.
- a common problem is that such a signal for evaluation, and in particular a square wave signal, may have a spectrum with unfavorable frequencies.
- a disturbing emission occurs during the transhipment by means of the signal on the sensor element.
- problems may arise due to interactions with radio signals in the range of 510 kHz to 1.71 MHz.
- radio signals are emitted in particular by external transmitters of the medium wave broadcasting (in the AM band) or the like.
- the measures for reducing and / or compensating for these interactions are often technically complex and cost-intensive.
- the object is achieved in particular by an arrangement, in particular electrical circuit arrangement, for a capacitive sensor device of a vehicle, Preferably for driving and / or evaluation in the capacitive sensor device for detecting an activation action in the vehicle, preferably in the side and / or front and / or rear of the vehicle.
- the activation act can be z. B. be performed by a person in the vicinity of the vehicle.
- the person may desire to open a tailgate of the vehicle by a gesture at the rear.
- This gesture is z. B. moving a body part below a bumper, which can be detected by the sensor device.
- a gesture may be provided in the environment to a door handle of the vehicle as activation act to z. B. unlock a vehicle door and / or open.
- the arrangement according to the invention has at least one of the following components:
- a transmission arrangement for providing an output signal by a frequency-dependent change of an electrical input signal, wherein preferably the provision of the output signal for operating a sensor element, preferably a sensor electrode, of the sensor device is implemented,
- a drive arrangement connected to an input of the transmission arrangement for providing the input signal shaped.
- the frequency-dependent change has the advantage that the spectrum of the input signal can be adjusted by the transmission arrangement, ie z. B. (unwanted) disturbing frequencies of the input signal can be filtered out and / or in the operation with the output signal, in particular by outputting the output signal to the sensor element, can be avoided.
- the shaping of the input signal has the advantage that even before the frequency-dependent change by the transmission arrangement a kind of provisional shaping can take place.
- This serves in particular to support the frequency-dependent change of the transmission arrangement.
- the output signal is formed as sinusoidal as possible.
- the frequency-dependent change can serve to harmonics of the input signal filter out.
- a partial attenuation of these harmonics already by the drive arrangement can support the work of the transmission arrangement.
- the transmission arrangement (possibly other than the control arrangement) may be designed as a filter, preferably as an active filter.
- the input signal can be generated and / or shaped, for example, by the drive arrangement and / or by an associated drive device, such as a microcontroller.
- a single (structurally executed) sensor electrode can be provided as the sensor element for forming a (variable) sensor capacitance, wherein preferably the counter electrode for forming the sensor capacitance is formed by a mass of the vehicle, and thus not as a separate (dedicated ) Component is viewed.
- the counter electrode for forming the sensor capacitance is formed by a mass of the vehicle, and thus not as a separate (dedicated ) Component is viewed.
- parasitic capacitances of the sensor device are neglected in this consideration. This allows a particularly simple structural design.
- the sensor element in particular the sensor electrode, may be a sensor element made of an electrically conductive material.
- the sensor electrode is designed as an elongated (elongated) electrical conductor, for example as an electrical cable, and optionally only connected to the vehicle electronics via a single direct electrical connection.
- an electrical connection means both a direct and an indirect connection, ie also via further electrical components, but preferably only if the connection takes place exclusively electrically.
- the electric field between the sensor element or the sensor electrode and the vehicle mass can not be understood as a direct electrical connection, so that the sensor element or the sensor electrode preferably has only a single direct electrical connection to the vehicle electronics. Possibly. can be understood as the vehicle electronics and at least the sensor device and / or the control device and / or the transmission arrangement.
- the vehicle is preferably designed as a motor vehicle, preferably a passenger vehicle, and / or as an electric vehicle and / or as a hybrid vehicle and / or as an autonomous vehicle.
- the at least one sensor element preferably the at least one sensor electrode
- the at least one sensor element is arranged in a front and / or side and / or rear region of the vehicle, in particular in accordance with the change in the environment and / or the activation act according to said surrounding area, d. H. Front and / or side and / or rear of the vehicle to capture.
- the activation action in this surrounding area can be reliably detected by the sensor device.
- It can z. B. can be moved or activated intuitively based on the detection elements and / or functions of the vehicle in this environment. Such functions are, for example, a lighting of the vehicle and / or unlocking a locking device of the vehicle and / or the like.
- the elements can z.
- Example be designed as a tailgate and / or side door and / or sliding door and / or hood, which moves based on the detection and / or opened and / or closed. It is also optionally possible for the sensor element to be arranged on and / or within or in the region of a door sill (s) in order to be able to detect, for example, the detection. B. to open a side door or sliding door of the vehicle. So that a movement and / or a movement pattern can be reliably detected by means of the detection, alternatively or in addition to the aforementioned features, at least two sensor elements, preferably sensor electrodes, can also be provided. These are, for example, jointly arranged in at least one of the aforementioned surrounding areas, z. B. together in a bumper or door sill or door handle or the like.
- the drive arrangement is connected to a drive device, preferably a microcontroller, and / or is integrated in the drive device in order to be preferably driven by the drive device for shaping the input signal.
- the drive device z. B. electrically connected to at least one control input of the drive arrangement.
- the drive arrangement has at least two or at least three or at least four switchable interconnected resistors. It may be one or more Outputs of the drive device to be connected to the respective resistors in order to connect them individually. This can allow extensive signal shaping of the input signal.
- the signal shaping may also be effected by a digital shaping by the drive device and output of the input signal by means of a digital-to-analog converter.
- the drive arrangement is, for example, designed as the digital-to-analog converter, and optionally integrated in the drive apparatus.
- the drive device may have a digital-to-analog converter to generate the input signal, wherein preferably the digital-to-analog converter is connected to the drive arrangement, so that the generated input signal can be shaped by the drive arrangement and at the input the transmission arrangement can be provided. It can the
- Control arrangement so be formed separately from the drive device.
- Control arrangement comprises at least two or at least three or at least four resistors, which are preferably in each case, in particular directly, connected to a drive device and / or to the transmission arrangement to provide the shaping of the input signal controlled by the drive device. This allows a particularly efficient signal shaping.
- the drive arrangement has at least one filter, preferably a low-pass filter, in order to provide the shaping of the input signal.
- a smoothing of the input signal can be provided, for example. Of edges of rectangular pulses of the input signal or the like.
- a further advantage can be achieved within the scope of the invention if the drive arrangement and / or a drive device is connected to an input of the transmission arrangement in order to provide the input signal as a signal based on a rectangular signal at the input, which is actively changed by signal shaping.
- the solution according to the invention is based, in particular, on the consideration that the use of a rectangular signal as output signal for the sensor element is particularly problematic with regard to possible interference frequencies. Under certain circumstances, it can not be sufficiently ensured without further measures that the transmission of the output signal and / or the output at the sensor element, in particular the sensor electrode, has no disturbing effects on the output signal and / or an electromagnetic radiation.
- the signal shaping can therefore at least reduce the disturbing effects.
- the drive arrangement in particular together with a drive apparatus, to execute the shaping of the input signal in order to preferably support the frequency-dependent change, preferably harmonic rejection, of the transmission arrangement, preferably in order to provide the output signal sinusoidally.
- a sinusoidal signal has particularly positive characteristics with regard to the frequency spectrum, since the harmonics can be largely reduced.
- the drive arrangement and / or a drive device are designed to carry out the shaping of the input signal by smoothing edges of a square-wave signal.
- the drive arrangement and / or a drive device are designed to perform the shaping of the input signal by generating a rectangular signal with pulses in chronological succession, wherein the pulse amplitudes of different pulses change over time, preferably with a time up and again descending amplitude, wherein preferably the pulse amplitude of individual pulses is constant.
- this type of shaping and the grinding are combined, so that in addition there is a grinding of the flanks of these pulses.
- the temporally ascending and descending amplitude may, for example, be embodied such that the rectangular signal is modulated and / or shaped in the manner of a sinusoidal shape. This supports the transmission arrangement particularly efficiently.
- the drive arrangement and / or a drive device are designed to perform the shaping of the input signal by generating a rectangular signal with temporally successive pulses, wherein preferably the pulse amplitudes of different pulses change over time, preferably with a time-up and again descending amplitude, where the pulse amplitude of individual pulses also varies with time within the pulse width, preferably has a step shape. This further supports the formation of a sinusoidal signal.
- the drive arrangement and a drive device can be electrically connected to one another in order to cooperatively carry out the signal shaping. This can happen, for example, in that the drive device carries out the input signal by means of a digital-to-analog converter, and the drive arrangement modulates the amplitudes of the (generated) input signal.
- a further advantage within the scope of the invention can be achieved if the drive arrangement and / or a drive apparatus are designed to provide the input signal as a rectangular signal which has rising and / or falling edges with a step shape.
- the invention likewise relates to a method for operating a capacitive sensor device of a vehicle, in particular for triggering and / or evaluating the capacitive sensor device for detecting an activation action in the rear region of the vehicle.
- Generating an electrical input signal preferably by a drive device, such as a microcontroller, in particular by means of an adaptation means, preferably a computer program of the microcontroller, forms the input signal, preferably at least by a drive arrangement, which is electrically connected to the drive device,
- the inventive method brings the same advantages as have been described in detail with respect to an inventive arrangement.
- the method may be suitable for operating an arrangement according to the invention.
- the input signal may be generated and / or shaped, in particular by a drive arrangement and / or a drive device, such that a predetermined frequency component, preferably a third harmonic, of the input signal is at least reduced or eliminated by the frequency-dependent change support.
- a predetermined frequency component preferably a third harmonic
- This can be done, for example, by generating a symmetrical shaped signal and / or a signal having a chronologically successive pulse sequence, wherein the pulses of the pulse sequence have different pulse amplitudes.
- the pulse amplitudes with a constant absolute value of the pulse amplitude difference can step on and off in stages.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a rear of a vehicle with a user
- Fig. 2 is a schematic principle circuit diagram of a sensor device
- 3 is a schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention
- 4 is a schematic representation of a sensor device
- Fig. 6 is a further schematic representation of an arrangement according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a perspective view of a vehicle 1. It is a tailgate 2 shown above a bumper 3 of the vehicle 1, wherein the tailgate 2, for example. Open according to a (first) vehicle function and / or closed again according to a (second) vehicle function can. At least one sensor element 20.1, in particular a sensor electrode 20.1, of a capacitive sensor device 20 can be integrated in the bumper 3. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one sensor element 20.1 can also be integrated into an (outer) door handle 4 of the vehicle 1 or another vehicle component.
- the capacitive sensor device 20 accordingly has a capacitive sensor which is at least partially formed by the sensor element 20.1.
- the sensor element 20.1 is preferably designed in the form of a cable and / or with an elongated extension, in order to provide a detection range which is as far as possible stretched to detect an activation action. It is also conceivable that the sensor element 20.1 has a deviating from an elongated extent extension, z. B. substantially a circular or rectangular shape or dot shape or the like.
- the activation act is, for example, the movement of an activation means 9, such as a body part 9, in particular foot 9, of a user 8 in an environment outside the vehicle 1 or the sensor element 20.1. To carry out the activation action, there is a possibility that the user 8 moves the activating means 9 under the bumper 3.
- This movement is then detected as a change in a sensor capacitance CS of the capacitive sensor device 20, and can preferably be evaluated and detected by a control device 50 of the sensor device 20.
- the control device 50 is electrically connected to the sensor element 20.1 and / or interconnected. Accordingly, it may be useful if the control device 50 is designed as a control unit of the vehicle 1, preferably as Part of - or electrically connected to - vehicle electronics. It is conceivable that to reduce the circuit complexity only a single electrical connection, z. B. a single electrical line such as a cable leads from the control device 50 to the sensor element 20.1, so this is connected only via a single electrically conductive connection.
- the sensor element 20 corresponds to a sensor electrode 20.1 for providing the sensor capacitance CS.
- the activation action to be detected by the control device 50, which then activates the vehicle function or at least one of the vehicle functions.
- FIG. 2 shows in more detail the detection principle for detecting the activation action and for evaluating the sensor capacitance CS on the basis of a schematic circuit diagram of the capacitive sensor device 20 and an arrangement 10 according to the invention, in particular circuit arrangement 10.
- Only one or optionally also a plurality of sensor elements 20.1 can be provided.
- Two sensor elements 20.1 in the form of sensor electrodes 20.1, which can each provide a sensor capacitance CS, are shown by way of example in FIG.
- a sensor element 20.1 or a sensor electrode 20.1 can each provide a capacitive sensor, which can each be understood as a capacitor.
- At least one switching device 60 with at least one selective switch can be provided, which alternately selects the sensor elements 20.1, that is, establishes an electrical connection thereto.
- the at least one switching device 60 connects the sensor elements 20.1 alternately z. B. with a pre-filter assembly 80 and / or at least one switch element S.
- the use of at least two sensor elements 20.1 has the advantage that z. B. movements and / or movement patterns can be detected.
- the respective sensor element 20.1 may comprise an electrically conductive material in order to form a (single) sensor electrode 20.1 in each case.
- an electrically conductive material in order to form a (single) sensor electrode 20.1 in each case.
- the counterelectrodes shown in FIG. 2 are merely representative of the principle and not an actual component.
- alternative can also be provided structurally at least one or for each sensor element 20.1 an associated counter electrode.
- Each sensor element 20.1 can form the sensor capacitance CS with respect to a ground potential 20.2, in particular the vehicle ground, and the surroundings of the vehicle 1.
- the sensor capacitance CS can thus be changed by the surroundings of the vehicle 1, in particular thus when an activating means 9 moves into the surrounding area of the sensor element 20.1. In this way, based on the sensor capacity CS very reliably an activation action can be detected.
- the methods are based in particular on the fact that a transhipment of the charge located in the sensor element 20.1 or the charge stored by means of the sensor capacitance CS is effected on a holding arrangement 50.4 with a holding capacity CH. It is thereby used the fact that the stored charge is dependent on the variable sensor capacitance CS and thus of the environment of the vehicle 1 (eg the activation act).
- the holding arrangement 50.4 can in this case have a holding capacitor, which serves for charge accumulation and / or intermediate storage and evaluation of the charge by the control device 50.
- the holding arrangement 50.4 has an operational amplifier OP 'which, if appropriate, forms an integrator with at least one further component and / or a feedback (possibly as a phase and / or frequency-dependent) feedback (eg via a capacitor) see also FIG. 6).
- the integrator serves to store an amount of charge which is specific to the amount of charge received by the sensor element 20.1 during the transfer via a received signal.
- the operational amplifier OP ' can be connected via an output O with a drive device 50.1 z. B. in the form of a microcontroller may be connected via an analog-to-digital converter 50.2, to evaluate the stored charge amount.
- a repeated reception phase (also called transhipment phase) can be used.
- the receiving phase may be a specific switching phase, that is to say a switching state of at least one switching element S.
- the at least one switching element S in particular at least one switching switch S, repeatedly switched, preferably at a frequency of 333 kHz.
- the reception phase is in this case when the switch element S electrically connects a receive path r to the sensor element 20.1.
- a transmission phase possibly also called charging phase
- Both paths r, t can thereby be embodied as lines (for example on a printed circuit board), which thus provide an electrically conductive connection.
- the transmission phase can be used to supply charge to the sensor element 20.1, that is to say to charge the capacitive sensor.
- the sensor element 20.1 is electrically connected in the transmission phase via the switch element S and via the transmit path t to a transmission arrangement 30. This causes the transmission of an output signal A via the transmit path t, in particular from the transmission arrangement 30 to the sensor element 20.1.
- the reception phase can be used to receive charge (stored on the basis of the sensor capacitance CS) from the sensor element 20.1, ie to effect the transhipment.
- the sensor element 20.1 is electrically connected in the receiving phase via the switch element S and via the receive path r to a holding arrangement 50.4.
- the switching device 60 can be repeatedly switched to alternately connect the different sensor elements 20.1 with the receive and transmit path r, t.
- the reception phase is considered in more detail, which can serve for evaluation in the sensor device 20.
- the charge stored by means of the sensor capacitance CS can be "reloaded", ie the holding arrangement 50.4 with the holding capacitance CH (for example a holding capacitor) can be charged as a function of (for example proportionally) the sensor capacitance CS or the charge stored thereby ,
- the transhipment may possibly take place via a low-pass filter 50.5 and / or, for example, via a current mirror not explicitly shown.
- the then relevant for the detection of the activation action state of charge of the holding assembly 50.4 and des Holding capacitor can be determined in particular by means of a voltage across or serial to the holding capacitor, optionally via the analog-to-digital converter 50.2.
- the analog-to-digital converter 50.2 on the one hand z. B. be connected via a low-pass filter 50.5 with the holding assembly 50.4 and on the other hand with the drive device 50.1.
- at least one further control element 50.7 may be connected to the receive path r in order, for. B. make a compensation of a charge surplus in the transhipment.
- the control element 50.7 for example, comprise a control circuit.
- the control element 50.7 (possibly together with other elements such as the drive device 50.1) be designed to detect a charge surplus (that is, when the amount of charge can not be stored by the holding capacity CH stored) and / or perform a compensation.
- the control device 50.1 of the control device 50 can be embodied, for example, as a microcontroller or the like, and possibly also perform the (in particular repeated and / or clocked) switching of the switch element S.
- the drive device 50.1 can do this in dependence on at least one adaptation means 50.3, preferably of a computer program, in order thus to determine and / or to vary a phase duration of the reception phase and / or the transmission phase.
- the alternating implementation of the reception phase and / or the transmission phase can be interrupted by the control device 50.1, so a further interruption phase can be introduced. This serves z. B. to pause the output of an output signal A and / or the transmission of the received signal, for example, to reduce energy consumption.
- the principle circuit diagram according to FIG. 2 makes it clear that a rectangular signal for triggering and / or evaluating the sensor element 20.1 is brought about in particular by the described switching of the switch element S without further measures.
- This accordingly has a very broad frequency spectrum.
- Such an unfavorable frequency spectrum can lead, without further measures, to a disruptive electromagnetic radiation (emission) occurring through the sensor element 20.1 into the surroundings of the vehicle 1, and in particular in frequency ranges which may have disturbing effects on other radio signals or the like. Therefore, it can be provided as a measure in the context of the invention that a phase-dependent and / or frequency-dependent transmission and / or change of at least one signal for driving and / or evaluation is performed. So z. B.
- the received signal from the sensor element 20.1 can also be influenced by the phase- and / or frequency-dependent transmission or modification, for example by connecting the transmission arrangement 30 to the holding arrangement 50.4 in order to thereby control the reception of the received signal ,
- the signal and / or the signal shaping are influenced by the activation device 50.1 and / or by a control arrangement 50.6 connected to and / or integrated with the activation device 50.1. These can be connected to an input 30.1 of the transmission arrangement 30 in order to provide an input signal E (in particular drive signal E) for the transmission arrangement 30 at the input 30.1.
- the transmission arrangement 30 between the control device 50.1 and the sensor element 20.1 be interposed to make the frequency and / or phase-dependent transmission or change in the input signal E. This takes place in particular in such a way as an advantageous frequency filtering, that the interfering frequencies are predominantly filtered out at the input signal E.
- the input signal E when it is present at the input 30.1 of the transmission arrangement 30, filtered and output as an output signal A at the output 30.2.
- a guided output signal A can be output by the transmission arrangement 30. This ensures that the shape of the transmitted or changed or filtered signal - and thus the filtered frequency spectrum - is also retained on the sensor element 20.1.
- guided can be understood in particular that the output signal A is active in dependence generated by the transmitted or modified or filtered input signal E and applied to the sensor element 20.1, z. B. by the use of an operational amplifier OP.
- the transmission arrangement 30 can also be connected to an input of the holding arrangement 50.4.
- the holding arrangement comprises 50.4 z. B. an integrator.
- this connection is designed for the holding arrangement 50.4 to receive the received signal from the sensor element 20.1 via the receive path r as a function of the frequency- and / or phase-dependent transmission and / or modification by the transmission arrangement 30.
- a signal provided by the transmission arrangement 30 (for example at the input "+" of the operational amplifier OP in FIGS. 3 and 6), which has the frequency- and / or phase-dependent change due to the filtering, for example. B. affect the function of the holding assembly 50.4 and the integrator. If the connection is made to the input of the integrator, this provided signal can be considered as a kind of reference for the integration (eg by the connection to the non-inverted operational amplifier input of the integrator, the provided signal influences the difference voltage of this further operational amplifier OP '. of the integrator and possibly via a feedback at the operational amplifier OP 'thus also the received signal).
- the interconnection of the components shown in Figure 6 may correspond to those in Figure 2 and 3, as illustrated by dashed connecting lines.
- the transfer assembly 30 is shown in greater detail.
- the circuit for generating the input signal E thus in particular the control device 50, preferably the drive device 50.1 and / or the drive arrangement 50.6, is represented schematically by an input signal source 40.
- the latter is capable of generating an electrical input signal E, such as at least one input signal E essentially implemented as a square-wave signal or based thereon.
- the drive arrangement 50.6 can carry out a further signal shaping of the input signal E, for example, B. on switchable resistors to form the input signal E.
- the drive arrangement 50.6 can also be controlled by the drive device 50.1 to the signal shaping z. B. controlled by the adjustment means 50.3 perform.
- the input 30.1 is electrically connected to at least one first filter component 30.4, in particular an RC element, and / or a second filter component 30.5, in particular further resistors R and / or capacitors C for forming a Sallen-Key-Filter.
- the first filter component 30.4 comprises z. B. a (possibly single) resistor R and a (possibly single) capacitor C.
- a total of a third-order filter can be provided.
- the use of an operational amplifier OP also allows the training as an active filter, preferably Sallen-Key-Filter.
- the drive device 50.1 is connected schematically via a line to the drive arrangement 50.6.
- the line can possibly also be understood as a plurality of lines which connect respective outputs of the drive device 50.1 with respective resistors of the drive arrangement 50.6.
- the drive device 50.1 z. B. be connected via at least one or two or three or four separate electrical lines to the drive arrangement 50.6, in particular to control via the lines in each case at least one resistor of the drive arrangement 50.6.
- the lines can, for example, in each case connect an output of the drive device 50.1 to at least one resistor of the drive arrangement 50.6, and preferably then electrically connect the respective output to the input 30.1 via the respective resistor (s). For example.
- the drive arrangement 50.6 comprises at least two or three or four resistors, which are each connected to a first connection via a respective line to the drive device 50.1 and with a second connection to the input 30.1. Since these are different lines and outputs of the drive device 50.1, the resistors can be controlled individually and / or independently of one another in order to provide the input signal E shaped at the input 30.1. In other words, it becomes a programmable voltage divider formed by the drive arrangement 50.6. This allows a shaping of the input signal E, as will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG.
- the filter components 30.4, 30.5 can be electrically connected to a source device 30.3, in particular a current and / or voltage source device 30.3.
- the source device 30.3 is designed as the operational amplifier OP, which is interconnected with the filter components 30.4, 30.5 in the sense of a Sallen-Key-Filter configuration. Accordingly, the operational amplifier OP and / or the source device 30.3 may possibly also be understood as a further filter component.
- the source device 30.3 effects an output of an output signal A at the output 30.2 on the basis of the input signal E filtered by the filter components 30.4, 30.5.
- the source device 30.3 is connected to a supply voltage.
- a transmission arrangement 30 which has the filter properties of an active low-pass filter, in particular of third order and / or with an attenuation of 20 dB at 1 MHz and / or a cutoff frequency of 470 kHz. In other words, a harmonic suppression of at least -20 dB can be provided.
- the filter is particularly suitable for an operating frequency of the sensor device 20 in the amount of (substantially) 333 kHz, which is determined by the frequency of the switching between the reception phases and / or transmission phases.
- the operating frequency (or other operating frequencies) is thus determined by the switching frequency of the switch element S or corresponds to this.
- harmonics from the 2nd harmonic or 3rd harmonic can be effectively suppressed.
- the transmission device 30 has only the controlled source device 30 to transmit the input signal E substantially unchanged and then output it as an output signal A (eg as a square wave signal) without filtering.
- the Transmission arrangement 30 also have the filter characteristics of an allpass or the like.
- FIG. 3 A further alternative and / or supplement to the arrangement 10 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3 in dashed lines.
- a connection to a further source device 30.3 'be provided to provide an alternative output 30.2'.
- This training is only optional, for example, to use a current source and / or a converter as a further source device 30.3 'so as to output a guided output signal A' in an alternative manner.
- This training with the further source device 30.3 ' can be used in addition to the training shown with the operational amplifier OP, or replace the source device 30.3.
- the filter which is formed by the filter components 30.4, 30.5, also be designed as a passive filter and / or the further source device 30.3 'also form a filter component for forming an active filter.
- the output signal A or A 'can therefore be a positively driven sensor voltage or a positively driven sensor current.
- FIG. 4 shows the transmission path of a signal S 'between the switch element S and the at least one sensor element 20.1.
- further electronic elements may be arranged, which is indicated by a dashed line of the transmission path u.
- These further elements can, for example, effect a further filtering of the signal S '.
- the switch element S connects this transmission path to the receive path r for evaluation or to the transmit path t for triggering.
- the signal S 'can thus correspond to the output signal A, which is transmitted from the output 30.2 of the transmission arrangement 30 to the sensor element 20.1.
- the signal S 'can correspond to a received signal and be transmitted to the holding device 50.4 via the receive path r.
- the signal S is specific to the detection, and can z. B. be evaluated by the control device 50 to detect an activation action.
- a pre-filter arrangement 80 in particular a preselector 80, preferably in the form of a suction circuit and / or a bandpass filter or a band stop filter (bandstop filter), can be used.
- a preselector 80 preferably in the form of a suction circuit and / or a bandpass filter or a band stop filter (bandstop filter)
- bandstop filter band stop filter
- interfering frequencies of the signal S ' can be filtered out, which possibly occur through the sensor element 20.1 (in the sense of a radiation or immission).
- the sensor element 20.1 can possibly also be regarded as a kind of antenna, via which emissions (from the sensor device 20 into the environment of the vehicle 1) emerge and immissions (from the environment into the sensor device 20) can occur.
- the terms emissions and immissions are used here in terms of interfering radio signals or electromagnetic radiation.
- the prefilter assembly 80 can be embodied, for example, as an LC resonant circuit and / or absorption circuit, eg. B. with each other in parallel capacitor C and coil L.
- the pre-filter assembly 80 is exemplified with a first and second port 80.1, 80.2 connected.
- the first connection 80.1 can connect the pre-filter arrangement 80 to a supply potential
- / or the second connection 80.2 can connect the pre-filter arrangement 80 to a ground potential.
- This has the advantage that signal components of the signal S 'can be conducted in the undesired frequency range over at least one of these connections, ie can be dissipated.
- the pre-filter arrangement 80 becomes low-resistance for this possibly undesired frequency range.
- prefilter assembly 80 may become high impedance so that signal S 'for that frequency will not be passed through prefilter assembly 80 (prefilter assembly 80 will act as a bandpass for the desired frequency such that prefilter assembly 80 will not dissipate the desired frequency ).
- prefilter assembly 80 will act as a bandpass for the desired frequency such that prefilter assembly 80 will not dissipate the desired frequency .
- the power loss can be significantly reduced accordingly by this structure.
- a resistor and / or a resistor arrangement may be integrated in the receive path r and the transmit path t for the prefilter arrangement 80, the resistors and / or the resistor arrangements preferably being (substantially) equal to (substantially) with the same resistance value and / or the same size and / or the same impedance) are executed.
- the resistors and / or the resistor arrangements may be configured to accommodate a transfer function of the prefilter assembly 80.
- FIG. 5 shows various possibilities II.
- V. for shaping the signal E of the input signal (continuous line) and the resultant output signal A (dashed line).
- the illustration I is shown, in which no frequency and / or phase-dependent change and / or only a frequency and / or phase-dependent transmission of the input signal E by the transfer device 30 takes place.
- Filtering of the input signal E is carried out by the transmission arrangement 30, that is to say in particular via the filter components.
- the filter components preferably bring about the provision of an analog low-pass filter which alters the rectangular shape of the input signal E. In this way, a sinusoidal output signal A can be provided.
- Presentation III for shaping the signal E of the input signal (continuous line) and the resultant output signal A (dashed line).
- FIG. IV shows an example of a further signal shaping, in which in addition to the filtering by the filter components of the transfer device 30 also a modulation (in particular as a "grinding") by the drive device 50.1 and / or the drive arrangement 50.6 is effected.
- the input signal E deviates here from the original rectangular shape and, due to the modulation, shows a temporally rising and falling amplitude of individual pulses.
- This further signal shaping can be effected, for example, directly during generation of the input signal E by the drive device 50.1.
- FIG. IV. In which, in addition to the modulation according to III. another modulation is used. In this case, the input signal E has a step shape, which can favor the filtering by the transmission arrangement 30.
- the drive arrangement 50.6 and / or a drive device 50.1 are designed to carry out the shaping of the input signal E by generating a rectangular signal with successive pulses, wherein the pulse amplitudes of different pulses change over time, preferably with a time increasing and decreasing amplitude (in particular within a burst), wherein preferably the pulse amplitude of individual pulses remains (substantially) constant over the pulse width.
- the pulse amplitude of individual pulses also change in time within the pulse width, preferably have a step shape. In this way, a sinusoidal output signal A can be generated particularly reliably.
- a particularly advantageous example of an input signal E is shown in representation V.
- This signal can be obtained, for example, by a signal shaping, which is provided by the drive device 50.1 and / or the drive arrangement 50.6.
- the drive arrangement 50.6 z. B. executed as a programmable voltage divider.
- the illustrated shape has a plurality of temporally successive rectangular pulses, which differ from one another with regard to their pulse amplitude.
- a drive signal can be output for the drive arrangement 50.6 via the various lines, which are each connected to at least one resistor of the drive arrangement 50.6, by the drive device 50.1.
- This is embodied, for example, in the manner of a pulse width modulation or the like, and differs for different lines.
- the resistances of the different lines are, for example, different sizes.
- the input signal E can be generated very accurately with the desired shape. Due to the symmetry of the shape, in particular the similar rising and falling pulse sequence and / or the constant absolute value of the amplitude difference for different pulses, a particularly advantageous spectrum can be generated. In particular, in this way the third harmonic in the spectrum of the input signal E (possibly completely) can be eliminated.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018106620.1A DE102018106620A1 (de) | 2018-03-21 | 2018-03-21 | Kapazitive Sensorvorrichtung eines Fahrzeuges |
PCT/EP2019/054828 WO2019179730A1 (de) | 2018-03-21 | 2019-02-27 | Kapazitive sensorvorrichtung eines fahrzeuges |
Publications (1)
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EP3769422A1 true EP3769422A1 (de) | 2021-01-27 |
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EP19708990.7A Pending EP3769422A1 (de) | 2018-03-21 | 2019-02-27 | Kapazitive sensorvorrichtung eines fahrzeuges |
Country Status (5)
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US (1) | US20210021263A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3769422A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN111903061A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018106620A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019179730A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102008057823A1 (de) * | 2008-11-18 | 2010-08-19 | Ident Technology Ag | Kapazitives Sensorsystem |
US8714009B2 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2014-05-06 | Orthosensor Inc. | Shielded capacitor sensor system for medical applications and method |
DE102012102422A1 (de) | 2012-03-21 | 2013-09-26 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kapazitive Sensoranordnung zur Schaltung einer Türöffnung an einem Kraftfahrzeug und zugehöriges Verfahren |
DE102012010228B4 (de) * | 2012-05-24 | 2019-07-11 | Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Bamberg | Kapazitiver Sensor für eine Kollisionsschutzvorrichtung |
DE102012105266A1 (de) | 2012-06-18 | 2013-12-19 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kapazitiver Annäherungssensor für ein Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102012012865A1 (de) * | 2012-06-28 | 2014-01-02 | Brose Fahrzeugteile Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft, Hallstadt | Kapazitiver Sensor für eine Kollisionsschutzvorrichtung |
US9354035B2 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2016-05-31 | Huf Huelsbeck & Fuerst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device and method for evaluating the capacitance of a sensor electrode of a proximity sensor |
DE102014216998B4 (de) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-10-27 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Kapazitiver Sensor, die zugehörige Auswerteschaltung und Aktor in einem Kraftfahrzeug |
LU92627B1 (de) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-01 | Iee Sarl |
-
2018
- 2018-03-21 DE DE102018106620.1A patent/DE102018106620A1/de active Pending
-
2019
- 2019-02-27 EP EP19708990.7A patent/EP3769422A1/de active Pending
- 2019-02-27 US US16/981,617 patent/US20210021263A1/en active Pending
- 2019-02-27 CN CN201980020420.7A patent/CN111903061A/zh active Pending
- 2019-02-27 WO PCT/EP2019/054828 patent/WO2019179730A1/de unknown
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DE102018106620A1 (de) | 2019-09-26 |
CN111903061A (zh) | 2020-11-06 |
US20210021263A1 (en) | 2021-01-21 |
WO2019179730A1 (de) | 2019-09-26 |
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