EP3762930A2 - Procede de selection de solvants adaptes a des polymeres fluores - Google Patents
Procede de selection de solvants adaptes a des polymeres fluoresInfo
- Publication number
- EP3762930A2 EP3762930A2 EP19716965.9A EP19716965A EP3762930A2 EP 3762930 A2 EP3762930 A2 EP 3762930A2 EP 19716965 A EP19716965 A EP 19716965A EP 3762930 A2 EP3762930 A2 EP 3762930A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluoropolymer
- solvent composition
- solubility
- solvent
- function
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001166 Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006219 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 21
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 9
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PXFBZOLANLWPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-Epiaffinine Natural products C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2N2)=C2C(=O)CC2C(=CC)CN(C)C1C2CO PXFBZOLANLWPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CCl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical group [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZVQOOHYFBIDMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [methyl(oxido){1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-lambda(6)-sulfanylidene]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CN=S(C)(=O)C(C)C1=CC=C(C(F)(F)F)N=C1 ZVQOOHYFBIDMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 3
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene Chemical group FC(Cl)=C FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FFTOUVYEKNGDCM-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)F FFTOUVYEKNGDCM-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTKHTBWXSHYCGS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-2-fluoroethene Chemical group F\C=C\Cl MTKHTBWXSHYCGS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C(/F)C(F)(F)F DMUPYMORYHFFCT-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical class FC(F)C(F)=C(F)F NDMMKOCNFSTXRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=CC(F)(F)F QAERDLQYXMEHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-(1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropent-1-enoxy)pent-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HILNUELUDBMBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)Cl HILNUELUDBMBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(=C)C(F)(F)F QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohex-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=C GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical group II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/30—Prediction of properties of chemical compounds, compositions or mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/08—Learning methods
- G06N3/084—Backpropagation, e.g. using gradient descent
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/70—Machine learning, data mining or chemometrics
Definitions
- the present invention relates in particular to a process for the selection of solvent compositions suitable or not for the dissolution of fluoropolymers, as well as the use of the solvent compositions thus selected, in particular for the manufacture of polymer films and electronic devices containing them.
- Fluorinated polymers such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and copolymers derived therefrom have a large number of uses, in particular wherein they are deposited as a film on a substrate.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- electroactive copolymers based on vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE), which may optionally contain a third monomer such as chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) or 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene (CFE).
- CFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- CFE 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene
- FIFP hexafluoropropene
- the deposition of such fluorinated polymers in film form can be carried out from a formulation called "ink", formed by mixing fluoropolymer, and optionally additives in a solvent composition.
- US 7,214,410 discloses a method for selecting ferroelectric polymer solvents.
- 5d refers to the dispersive component and R denotes the polar component Hansen solubility parameters.
- R denotes the polar component Hansen solubility parameters.
- the invention primarily relates to a computer-implemented method for determining a function configured to associate a solubility probability of a fluorinated polymer with solubility parameters of a solvent composition, comprising:
- training data set comprising, for each of a plurality of solvent compositions, a plurality of solubility parameters, associated with solubility information, fluoropolymer;
- the solubility parameters are the solubility parameters of Hansen 5d, d R and oh.
- the solubility parameters of the different solvent compositions are derived from a single reference table; or are from a plurality of separate reference tables.
- the solubility information of the fluoropolymer in the training data set is binary information.
- the learning of the function is performed by regression learning, preferably by means of a neural network.
- the fluorinated polymer is chosen from poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene), poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene), poly (vinylidene fluoride-tert-trifluoroethylene-iron-chlorotrifluoroethylene) and poly (vinylidene-ter-trifluoroethylene-iron-1, 1-chlorofluoroethylene fluoride).
- the solvent compositions of the training data set are pure solvents; or the solvent compositions of the training data set comprise solvent mixtures.
- the invention also relates to a function that can be determined according to the method above.
- the invention also relates to a computer implemented method for selecting a solvent composition based on a fluorinated polymer, comprising:
- the solubility probability of the fluoropolymer that is obtained is a binary probability; or is a probability value between 0 and 1.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing an ink comprising:
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a polymer film or an electronic device comprising:
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an electronic device comprising:
- the invention also relates to a computer program comprising program code instructions for performing the steps of the above method, when said program is executed on a computer.
- the invention also relates to a recording medium comprising the above function and / or the computer program above.
- the invention also relates to a system comprising a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, in which the above function and / or the above computer program is recorded.
- the present invention meets the need expressed in the state of the art. In particular, it makes it possible to easily identify which solvent compositions are suitable and which solvent compositions are unsuitable, for the dissolution of the fluoropolymers, without necessarily having to carry out multiple dissolution experiments. The invention can thus be applied to the preparation of fluoropolymer inks, to the manufacture of polymer films and to the manufacture of electronic devices.
- solving a fluoropolymer in a solvent composition is meant that a homogeneous dispersion of the polymer in the composition is obtained at the molecular level. This dissolution makes it possible to obtain a “solution”, that is to say that the fluorinated polymer is “soluble” in the solvent composition.
- solution is used herein as opposed to a suspension of polymer particles in a liquid vehicle, and as opposed to an emulsion or polymer latex.
- a solution because of the mixture at the molecular level, has a homogeneous and completely transparent appearance, unlike a suspension (non-homogeneous appearance, with visible presence of grains in suspension), an emulsion (heterogeneous, cloudy, opalescent appearance or opaque) or a latex or colloidal dispersion (opalescent or bluish or cloudy or milky appearance).
- the invention is particularly useful for achieving the implementation of fluoropolymers with less toxic solvents than in the state of the art.
- Figure 1 schematically shows a neural network that can be used for the implementation of the invention, in some embodiments.
- Figure 2 schematically shows a computer system that can be used for the implementation of the invention, in some embodiments.
- the invention provides for determining a function configured to associate a solubility probability of a fluorinated polymer with a solvent composition.
- the determination of this function is based on forming a set of learning data and then learning the function based on the set of learning data.
- the training data set includes, for a plurality of respective solvent compositions:
- solubility parameters and solubility information can be included in a relational database.
- solubility parameters and the solubility information can be entered in respective fields of the same base.
- the solubility information of the fluoropolymer is preferably binary yes / no information, i.e. soluble or insoluble. It can thus for example be coded in the form of a 0 or a 1.
- This information may be determined, if necessary, by an experimental test for each solvent composition of the training data set, for example by adding a certain amount of fluoropolymer to the solvent composition, with stirring, if necessary by moderately heating. (for example at a temperature below or equal to 60 ° C, or less than or equal to 50 ° C, or less than or equal to 40 ° C), and by visually observing after for example 15 or 60 minutes if it remains or not of the solid polymer in suspension.
- the amount of fluoropolymer used in the test may be especially 1 to 10% w / w, for example about 5% w / w.
- the solubility parameters of the solvent composition may in particular be two, or preferably three in number.
- Hansen's solubility parameters are as follows:
- dispersive component energy related to the dispersion forces between the molecules of the composition
- all Hansen solubility parameters are provided at the same reference temperature, for example 25 ° C.
- the solubility parameters used in the training data set can thus be 5d and d R ; or ôd and ôh; or d R and ôh; or particularly preferably ⁇ d, d R and ôh.
- solubility parameters of Hansen can be given in MPa 1/2 or in any other unit (for example in (cal / cm 3 ) 1/2 ).
- Solubility parameters can be determined by experimental tests combined with theoretical considerations (semi-empirical methods). For example, Hoy determined the components ôd, d and ôh in a semi-empirical way using (Handbook of Solubility Parameters, and Other Cohesion Parameters, 1983 edition, page 59):
- the solubility parameters come from one or more pre-existing reference tables.
- "Reference table” means a compilation of cohesive energy data (as reflected in fine, solubility parameters) of different solvent compositions, these data being derived from experimental or semi-empirical work carried out according to the same methodology, and preferably with the same equipment and by the same team.
- all the solubility parameters of the training data set come from the same reference table.
- the solubility parameters of the training data set come from two or more different reference tables. It has surprisingly been found that the use of data from at least two different reference tables leads to the determination of a reliable function. The use of at least two different reference tables may be advantageous in that it can minimize the risk of bias or error in the training data.
- solubility parameters can be derived from a reference table contained in the CRC Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters, by Allan FM Barton, 2nd edition (1991), and for example from Table 2 and / or Table 5 of this book.
- the solvent compositions of the training data set may be pure solvents and / or solvent mixtures.
- the term "pure solvent” is used as opposed to "solvent mixture”.
- a pure solvent thus preferably has a mass purity greater than or equal to 98%, or 99%, or 99.5%, or 99.9%. It is understood that a pure solvent in the sense of the present application may contain small amounts of impurities.
- the solubility parameters can be determined by experimental or semi-empirical tests, or preferably calculated as a linear combination from the solubility parameters of the pure solvents in admixture.
- the weighting coefficients applied correspond preferably to the volume proportions of each of the solvents.
- the training data set may be divided into a set of training data and a set of test data.
- the learning can then be implemented by performing sequences of a training phase (on the training data set) and a test phase (on the test data set), until the test phase gives a positive result (ie until the test phase completes a validation criterion).
- the training data set may consist entirely of the training data set, and no test phase is performed, or the test phase is performed on additional data.
- the training data set is successively divided N times differently into a set of training data and a set of test data.
- the training phase and test phase sequences are performed as described above. This results in N different models.
- the model having the best statistical validation (the lowest error) is chosen as the final model for the function according to the invention.
- This method is particularly well suited when the learning dataset is small because it provides efficient use of a limited amount of data.
- Machine learning can be done by machine learning (“machine learning”), according to any technique known to those skilled in the art.
- the learning can be in particular based on a model of neural network.
- the neural network may be a binary response (perceptron grating) or a graded response, giving a probability for example in the form of any value between 0 and 1 (sigmoid network for example).
- the neural network includes an input layer, one or more intermediate layers, or hidden layers, and an output layer.
- the input layer contains a portion of the training data. It feeds a single intermediate or hidden layer, or a succession of intermediate or hidden layers, which feeds (s) it (s) - even (s) the output layer.
- Each intermediate layer performs a digital operation from the data from the previous layer, the digital operation involving variable parameters.
- the result of the digital operation feeds the next layer.
- the output layer also performs a digital operation from the data from the previous layer, the digital operation involving variable parameters.
- the result of the numerical operation provides a probability estimate of solubility.
- An error function is then calculated from this solubility probability estimate and the corresponding solubility information in the training data set.
- the variable parameters of the intermediate layer (s) and the output layer are optimized to minimize the error function.
- solubility parameters 1, 2, 3 can be input to three neurons 4, 5, 6 of a single intermediate layer, which themselves feed a output layer 7.
- Each of the intermediate neurons 4, 5, 6 calculates a numerical function from the solubility parameters 1, 2, 3.
- the numerical function can for example comprise a linear or affine combination of the solubility parameters 1, 2, 3, the coefficients ( weight) of the linear or affine combination corresponding to variable parameters as described above; the numerical function can also include the application of another mathematical function to such a linear or affine combination, for example the application of a hyperbolic tangent function.
- the output layer 7 calculates a numerical function from the values derived from the intermediate neurons 4, 5, 6.
- a threshold may be associated with each intermediate neuron 4, 5, 6.
- Each intermediate neuron 4, 5, 6 is therefore activated or not with respect to the output layer 7, that is, that is, feeds the output layer 7 or not, depending on whether the value of the calculated digital function fulfills a condition defined with respect to the threshold or not.
- the threshold like the weights, represents a variable parameter as described above.
- the digital function of the output layer 7 may for example comprise a linear combination or affine values derived from the intermediate neurons 4, 5, 6, the coefficients of the linear or affine combination corresponding to variable parameters as described above; the numerical function can also include the application of another mathematical function to such a linear or affine combination, for example the application of an exponential function.
- the value resulting from the digital function of the output layer 7 is compared with a predetermined threshold, to give a yes / no response, which can for example be coded in the form of a 0 or a 1.
- the value resulting from the digital function of the output layer 7 is, for example any value between 0 and 1, indicating a solubility probability of the fluoropolymer in the solvent composition.
- the value resulting from the numerical function of the output layer 7 is compared with the information on the solubility of the polymer (for example coded in the form of a 0 or a 1). and an error function is calculated.
- the above steps are repeated a number of times, both by varying the variable parameters (weight, threshold) of the intermediate neurons 4, 5, 6 and the output layer 7, and by varying the data from of the training data set, so as to minimize the error function.
- a function configured to associate a solubility probability of a fluorinated polymer with a solvent composition is obtained. This function is determined according to the values of the variable parameters (weight, threshold) optimized by the previous process.
- the function configured to associate a solubility probability of a fluorinated polymer with a solvent composition can be used to obtain a solubility probability of a fluoropolymer for a solvent composition to be tested, which is not included in the set of learning data.
- This function is applied to the solubility parameters of the solvent composition to be tested.
- the solubility probability obtained by applying the function represents an estimate of the ability of the fluoropolymer to be dissolved in the solvent composition. This estimate can be obtained either in binary form (yes / no answer) or in the form of any probability (for example any value from 0 to 1). In this second case, the probability is compared with a threshold value in order to define whether the fluoropolymer is considered soluble or insoluble in the solvent composition.
- the solvent composition to be tested may or may not be retained.
- a solvent composition is retained if the fluoropolymer is deemed soluble therein. This is particularly useful for making an ink by dissolving the fluoropolymer in the solvent composition so as to produce a fluoropolymer film. In other embodiments, a solvent composition is retained if the fluoropolymer is judged to be insoluble therein. This is useful in particular for depositing a material on a fluoropolymer layer, by applying thereon a mixture of said material with the solvent composition, without this solvent composition damaging the fluoropolymer layer.
- the function is successively applied to a plurality of solvent compositions to be tested, so as to select one or more of these compositions.
- the solvent compositions to be tested may be pure solvents or mixtures of solvents.
- solubility parameters to which the function of the invention is applied can be determined by experimental or semi-empirical tests, as exemplified above or preferably from one or more pre-existing reference tables, as described above.
- the solubility parameters to which the function of the invention is applied can be determined by experimental or semi-empirical tests or preferably be calculated as a linear combination from the parameters of solubility of the pure solvents in mixture.
- the weighting coefficients applied correspond preferably to the volume proportions of each of the solvents.
- the fluoropolymer is preferably a carbon chain polymer which has structural units (or units, or repeating units, or units) having at least one fluorine atom.
- the fluoropolymer comprises units derived from (i.e. obtained by polymerization of) vinylidene fluoride (VDF) monomers.
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- the fluoropolymer is a PVDF homopolymer.
- the fluoropolymer is a copolymer (in the broad sense), that is to say that it comprises units from at least one other monomer X than VDF.
- a single monomer X may be used, or several different X monomers, depending on the case.
- C3 preferably C1-C2
- which are optionally partially or fully halogenated - this X monomer being different from the VDF ie if X1 and X2 are F1, at least one of X3 and X4 does not represent F, and if X1 and X2 are F, at least one of X3 and X4 is not Fl).
- each X1, X2, X3 and X4 group independently represents an F1, F, Cl, I or Br atom, or a methyl group optionally comprising one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, I and Br.
- each X1, X2, X3 and X4 group independently represents an F1, F, Cl, I or Br atom.
- only one of X1, X2, X3 and X4 represents a Cl or I or Br atom
- the other groups X1, X2, X3 and X4 independently represent: an F1 or F atom or an alkyl group; C1 -C3 optionally comprising one or more fluorine substituents; preferably, an F 1 or F atom or a C 1 -C 2 alkyl group optionally comprising one or more fluorine substituents; and more preferably, a Fl or F atom or a methyl group optionally comprising one or more fluorine substituents.
- the X monomer has a chlorine or bromine atom. It may in particular be chosen from bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoropropene.
- Chlorofluoroethylene may designate either 1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene or 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene.
- the 1-chloro-1 isomer Fluoroethylene (CFE) is preferred.
- the chlorotrifluoropropene is preferably 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (in cis or trans form, preferably trans) or 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.
- the fluoropolymer comprises units derived from VDF and HFP, or is a polymer P (VDF-HFP) consisting of units derived from VDF and HFP.
- the molar proportion of repeating units resulting from HFP is preferably from 2 to 50%, especially from 5 to 40%.
- the fluoropolymer comprises units derived from VDF and CFE, or CTFE, or TFE, or TrFE.
- the molar proportion of repeating units originating from monomers different from VDF is preferably less than 50%, more preferably less than 40%.
- the fluoropolymer comprises units derived from VDF and TrFE, or is a polymer P (VDF-TrFE) consisting of units derived from VDF and TrFE.
- the fluorinated polymer comprises units derived from VDF, TrFE and another monomer X as defined above, different from VDF and TrFE, or is a polymer P (VDF-TrFE -X) consisting of units derived from VDF, TrFE and another monomer X as defined above, different from VDF and TrFE.
- the other monomer X is chosen from TFE, HFP, trifluoropropenes and in particular 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, tetrafluoropropenes and in particular 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene or 1, 3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (in cis or preferably trans form), bromotrifluoroethylene, chlorofluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene and chlorotrifluoropropene.
- CTFE or CFE are particularly preferred.
- the proportion of units derived from TrFE is preferably from 5 to 95 mol% relative to the sum of the units derived from VDF and TrFE, and in particular: from 5 to 10 mol.%; or from 10 to 15 mol%; or from 15 to 20 mol%; or from 20 to 25 mol%; or from 25 to 30 mol%; or from 30 to 35 mol%; or 35 to 40 mol%; or from 40 to 45 mol%; or 45 to 50 mol%; or from 50 to 55 mol%; or from 55 to 60 mol%; or from 60 to 65 mol%; or from 65 to 70 mol%; or from 70 to 75 mol%; or from 75 to 80 mol%; or from 80 to 85 mol%; or from 85 to 90 mol%; or from 90 to 95 mol%.
- a range of 15 to 55 mol% is particularly preferred.
- the proportion of units derived from this other monomer X in the fluoropolymer can vary for example from 0.5 to 1 mol%; or from 1 to 2 mol%; or from 2 to 3 mol%; or from 3 to 4 mol%; or from 4 to 5 mol%; or from 5 to 6 mol%; or from 6 to 7 mol%; or from 7 to 8 mol%; or from 8 to 9 mol%; or from 9 to 10 mol%; or from 10 to 12 mol%; or from 12 to 15 mol%; or from 15 to 20 mol%; or from 20 to 25 mol%; or from 25 to 30 mol%; or from 30 to 40 mol%; or from 40 to 50 mol%. Ranges of 1 to 20 mol%, and preferably 2 to 15 mol%, are particularly suitable.
- the molar composition of the units in the fluorinated polymers can be determined by various means such as infrared spectroscopy or RAMAN spectroscopy. Conventional methods for elemental analysis in carbon, fluorine and chlorine or bromine or iodine elements, such as X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, make it possible to calculate the mass composition of the polymers, from which the molar composition is deduced.
- Multi-core NMR techniques especially proton (1 H) and fluorine (19F), can also be performed by analyzing a solution of the polymer in a suitable deuterated solvent.
- the content of units derived from CTFE in a P terpolymer can be determined by a measurement of the chlorine content by elemental analysis.
- the viscosity of the fluoropolymer is preferably from 0.1 to 100 kPo (kiloPoise) by measuring at 230 ° C. and at 100 s -1 shear rate (according to ASTM D4440, using a PHYSICA MCR301 equipped with two parallel trays).
- the fluoropolymer is preferably random and linear.
- the fluoropolymer may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
- a homogeneous polymer has a uniform chain structure, the statistical distribution of the units from different monomers does not vary substantially between the chains.
- the chains In a heterogeneous polymer, the chains have a distribution in units resulting from the different monomers of the multimodal or spreading type.
- a heterogeneous polymer therefore comprises richer chains in a given unit and poorer chains in this unit.
- the same fluoropolymer is taken into consideration to generate all the data of the training data set, in the method for determining the function of the invention; and it's also the same fluoropolymer which is taken into consideration for the method of selecting a solvent composition.
- the solvents used in the present invention can be chosen in particular from alcohols, ethers, halogenated solvents, alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic solvents, amines, ketones, aldehydes, esters, including cyclic esters, carbonates, phosphates, furans, amides and sulfoxides, as well as combinations thereof.
- any liquid solvent at room temperature can be used according to the invention.
- it is useful for the training data set to use data relating to both solvents in which the fluoropolymer is soluble, and solvents in which the fluoropolymer is insoluble.
- the invention can be applied to the preparation of an ink, comprising a solvent composition selected as described above, and the fluoropolymer for which this solvent composition has been selected.
- the ink preferably contains from 0.1 to 60%, preferably from 0.5 to 30%, more preferably from 1 to 25%, more preferably from 3 to 20% by weight of polymer, relative to total composition.
- the polymer may be the above fluoropolymer, or may comprise said fluoropolymer and one or more additional polymers.
- the ink may optionally comprise one or more additives, especially chosen from surface-tension modifiers, rheology-modifying agents, aging-modifying agents, adhesion-modifying agents, pigments or dyes. , charges (including nanofillers).
- the ink may also contain one or more additives used for the synthesis of the polymer (s).
- the ink comprises at least one crosslinking aid additive preferably chosen from radical initiators, photoinitiators, co-agents such as bifunctional or polyfunctional molecules in terms of reactive double bonds, basic crosslinking agents such as di-amines, and combinations thereof.
- crosslinking aid additive preferably chosen from radical initiators, photoinitiators, co-agents such as bifunctional or polyfunctional molecules in terms of reactive double bonds, basic crosslinking agents such as di-amines, and combinations thereof.
- no crosslinking additive such as a photoinitiator or a crosslinking agent, is present in the ink.
- the total content of additives is preferably less than 20% by weight, more preferably less than 10% by weight, based on the total of the polymers and additives.
- the ink preferably has a nonvolatile solids content of 0.1 to 60%, preferably 0.5 to 30%, more preferably 1 to 25%, more preferably 3 to 20% by weight. .
- the ink can be prepared by dissolving the fluoropolymer (and optionally the other polymers) in the solvent composition, and mixing.
- the temperature applied during the preparation is preferably 0 to 100 ° C, more preferably 10 to 75 ° C, more preferably 15 to 60 ° C, and most preferably 20 to 30 ° C.
- the preparation is performed at room temperature.
- the preparation is carried out with moderate agitation.
- additives When additives are to be added to form the ink composition of the invention, they may be added before, during, or after the dissolution of the polymers.
- the ink described above can be deposited on a substrate.
- the substrate may be a surface of a metal, plastic, wood, paper, concrete, mortar or grout, glass, plaster, woven or non-woven fabric, leather.
- the substrate is a surface of glass, or silicon, or quartz, or polymeric material (especially polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate), or metal, or a mixed surface composed of several different materials.
- the application of the ink may comprise spreading by discrete or continuous means.
- the deposition may be carried out in particular by coating by centrifugation ("spin-coating”), by spraying or atomizing (“spray coating”), by coating, in particular with a bar or a film puller (“bar coating”), by coating with slit, dip coating, roll-to-roll printing, screen printing, flexographic printing, lithographic printing or jet printing ink.
- spin-coating centrifugation
- spraying or atomizing atomizing
- bar coating a film puller
- the solvent composition can be evaporated after the deposition.
- the fluoropolymer layer (which may also optionally include one or other polymers and / or additives) then solidifies to form a continuous film by inter-diffusion of the polymer molecules.
- the evaporation can be carried out at room temperature and / or by heating at a temperature preferably from 30 to 200 ° C, more preferably from 50 to 180 ° C, more preferably from 80 to 160 ° C.
- the layer may be vented to facilitate evaporation.
- the duration of the evaporation can be, for example, from 1 minute to 24 hours, preferably from 5 minutes to 5 hours, more preferably from 10 minutes to 2 hours.
- An annealing step may be performed after evaporation of the solvent composition, for example to allow crystallization of the polymer.
- the annealing may in particular be carried out by subjecting the deposited layer to a temperature of 50 to 200 ° C., preferably of 80 to 180 ° C., more preferably of 100 to 160 ° C., in particular of 120 to 150 ° C.
- the fluoropolymer layer thus formed may have in particular a thickness of 50 nm to 100 miti, preferably 200 nm to 50 miti, and more preferably 500 nm to 20 pm.
- a crosslinking step may be performed by subjecting the layer to radiation, such as X, gamma, UV, or thermal activation if the annealing step is not sufficient.
- radiation such as X, gamma, UV, or thermal activation if the annealing step is not sufficient.
- the fluoropolymer film may be used as an electroactive layer and / or as a dielectric layer in an electronic device, and especially when the fluoropolymer is a copolymer P (VDF-TrFE) or P (VDF-TrFE- CFE) or P (VDF-TrFE-CTFE) as described above.
- One or more additional layers may be deposited on the substrate provided with the fluoropolymer film, for example one or more layers of polymers, semiconductor materials, or metals, in a manner known per se.
- the term electronic device is either a single electronic component or a set of electronic components, capable (s) to perform one or more functions in an electronic circuit.
- the electronic device is more particularly an optoelectronic device, that is to say capable of emitting, detecting or controlling electromagnetic radiation.
- Examples of electronic devices, or possibly optoelectronic devices, concerned by the present invention are ferroelectric memories, transistors (in particular with a field effect), chips, batteries, photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), sensors, actuators, transformers, haptic devices, electromechanical microsystems and detectors.
- Electronic and optoelectronic devices are used and integrated in many electronic devices, equipment or subassemblies and in many objects and applications such as televisions, mobile phones, rigid or flexible screens, thin-film photovoltaic modules, lighting sources, energy sensors and converters, etc.
- the fluoropolymer layer may be used as a protective coating (or encapsulation) for an electronic device, and especially when the fluoropolymer is a P copolymer (VDF-HFP) as described above.
- a protective coating may be used alone or in combination with other protective films.
- the electronic device may in particular comprise a substrate and electronic elements supported on it, which may comprise layers of conductive material, semiconductor material and the like.
- the electronic elements are preferably on one side of the substrate but in some embodiments they may be on both sides of the substrate.
- the layer may cover all or part of the electronic elements, and all or part of the substrate.
- the layer covers at least a portion of the substrate and at least a portion of the electronic elements, and performs a planarizing function.
- the layer may cover only one of the two faces of the substrate (preferably the face which comprises the electronic elements), in whole or in part, or alternately the two faces of the substrate, in whole or in part.
- the electronic device may be of the same type as above.
- a fluoropolymer layer is deposited on a substrate by means of an ink which has not necessarily been obtained by the solvent composition selection process. above; then a material is applied to the fluoropolymer layer, by means of a mixture of said material with a solvent composition obtained by the above solvent composition selection process, so that said solvent composition does not does not damage the fluoropolymer layer.
- the subject material may be a polymeric material, or a semiconductor material, or a metal.
- the application can be carried out in the same manner as described above with respect to the ink containing the fluoropolymer.
- the distribution of the training data set between a set of training data and a set of test data can be decided by the user, or be determined automatically.
- the error function is preferably automated according to any variant known to those skilled in the art.
- the system is a computer, for example a workstation.
- the computer thus comprises a processor unit 1010 connected to a computer bus 1000, and a random access memory 1070 (RAM) also connected to the computer bus 1000.
- the computer further comprises a graphics processor unit 1 1 10 which is associated with a video RAM 1 100 connected to the computer bus.
- a mass memory device controller 1020 manages accesses to a mass storage device, such as a hard disk 1030.
- the mass memory devices 1040 are adapted to tangibly represent the computer program instructions and the hardware.
- data include all forms of nonvolatile memories, including for example semiconductor memory devices EPROM type, EEPROM and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks, and CD-ROM disks.
- a network adapter 1050 manages access to a network 1060.
- the computer may also include a haptic device 1090 such as a cursor control device, keyboard, or the like.
- a cursor control device is used to allow the user to selectively position a cursor at any location on the display 1080.
- the cursor control device allows the user to select various controls and signals. input control.
- the cursor control device includes signal generating devices for control signals input to the system. Typically it can be a mouse, the mouse button being used to generate the signals.
- the computer system may also include a touch screen and / or touchpad.
- the computer program may include computer executable instructions, the instructions including means for driving the above system to implement the method.
- the program can be recordable on any data carrier, including system memory.
- the program may for example be implemented in digital electronic circuits, or in hardware, firmware or software, or combinations thereof.
- the program may be implemented as an apparatus, for example a product tangibly represented in a machine-readable memory device for execution by a programmable processor. Process steps may be performed by a programmable processor executing an instruction program to perform process functions by processing input data and generating outputs.
- the processor can thus be programmable and be coupled to receive data and instructions for, and for transmitting data and instructions to, a memory device, at least one input device and at least one output device.
- the program can be implemented in a procedural high-level programming language or object-oriented, or in a machine language or assembler.
- the language can be compiled or interpreted.
- the program can be a complete installer or an updater program.
- the application of the program on the system leads to instructions for carrying out the method.
- a set of learning data was constructed from the following table:
- the JMP 13.0.0 software from SAS was used to provide a neural network as schematized in Figure 1.
- the validation method "KFold” was used. This method, as explained by the software manual, divides the data into K subgroups. Successively, each of the K subgroups is used to validate the "fit” or model created with the rest of the data not included in the subgroup K, which makes it possible to obtain K different models. The model with the best statistical validation (lowest error) is chosen as the final model.
- Hansen's solubility parameters are expressed in MPa 1/2 .
- the probability of non solubility is S / (1 + S) and the probability of solubility is 1 - probability of non solubility.
- the model thus obtained can be applied to any new solvent not present in the previous training table.
- the following table gives the following answers for 3 new unknown solvents of the model.
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