EP3759809A1 - Couplage électrique d'un premier réseau électrique à un deuxième réseau électrique - Google Patents

Couplage électrique d'un premier réseau électrique à un deuxième réseau électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3759809A1
EP3759809A1 EP19727865.8A EP19727865A EP3759809A1 EP 3759809 A1 EP3759809 A1 EP 3759809A1 EP 19727865 A EP19727865 A EP 19727865A EP 3759809 A1 EP3759809 A1 EP 3759809A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
operating mode
current
energy converter
energy
switching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19727865.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Benesch
Harald Wiessmann
Franz Bauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3759809A1 publication Critical patent/EP3759809A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/325—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection with means for allowing continuous operation despite a fault, i.e. fault tolerant converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy converter for electrically coupling a first electrical network with a second electrical network, with at least one switching element, and one with the at least one switching element electrically coupled ge control unit, which is designed to at least one switching element in a switching operation to betrei ben in that the energy converter provides a predefinable energy conversion functionality, and wherein the control unit is designed to set a network current for one of the networks as a function of a comparison of the network current with a predeterminable comparison current.
  • the invention further relates to an energy converter system for electrically coupling a first electrical network with a second electrical network, with at least two energy converters which can be connected to the first electrical network and to the second electrical network.
  • the invention further relates to a method for operating an energy converter that electrically couples a first electrical network to a second electrical network by the electrical converter converting electrical energy by means of at least one switching element, wherein the at least one switching element is operated in a switching operation such that Energy converter provides a given energy conversion funktionsfunktion gleich, and
  • a mains current for one of the networks is set as a function of a comparison of the mains current with a predetermined comparison current.
  • the invention relates to a Ver drive for operating an energy converter system, with which a first electrical network is electrically coupled to a second electrical network by means of at least two energy converters, which are each connected to the first electrical network and to the second electrical network.
  • Energy converters, energy converter systems with multiple energy converters and methods for their operation are widely known in the art, so it does not require a separate documentary evidence for this.
  • An energy giewandler is an electrical device that serves to electrically couple the first and the second electrical network in a predeterminable manner, so that energy can be exchanged between the first and the second electrical network.
  • the first or second elec- tric network may for example be a DC network or an AC voltage network, in particular a multi-phase AC network.
  • the energy converter as a rectifier, as a change judge, as a DC-DC converter or the like out forms.
  • Static energy converters are usually designed as a clocked electrical energy converter and wei sen for this purpose at least one Wandlerindukt disciplines and at least one switching element connected in a suitable manner with each other and are connected, for example, to the first and the second port through which the energy giewandler to the first and the second electrical network is connected, so that by operating the switching element in a suitable switching operation, the desired conversion function tion of the energy converter can be achieved.
  • a switching element in the sense of this disclosure is preferably a controllable electronic switching element, for example, a controllable electronic semiconductor switch such as a transistor, a thyristor, combination circuits thereof, preferably with parallel freewheeling the the, a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), a Isolated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), combinations thereof or der- same.
  • the switching element can also be formed by a field effect transistor, in particular a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET).
  • the at least one switching element is operated in the switching mode.
  • the switching path of the Transis sector is high impedance, that is, it provides a high electrical resistance rule, so even at high, at the
  • the first and the second connection are formed according to the respective electrical network to be connected, so that a proper coupling can be achieved.
  • the corresponding terminal of the energy converter has at least two connection poles in order to be able to connect the at least two electrical potentials of this electrical network.
  • a plurality of connection poles can be provided, so that the respective phases of the polyphase AC voltage network can be connected as intended.
  • the circuit structure of the energy converter is formed, which may also have two or more Wandlerinduktivi activities as needed, which are preferably not magnetically coupled with each other.
  • two or more switching elements can be provided, which by means of respective ger Wandlerinduktditeen are electrically coupled to provide the desired energy conversion functionality can.
  • the at least one switching element is coupled to the control unit.
  • the control unit may be formed as an electronic circuit, the corresponding control signals for the we least one switching element provides, so that the ge desired switching operation of the switching element can be realized.
  • the electronic circuit can in addition to electronic components for specifiable provision of the control signals and at least one program-controlled computing unit includes sen to provide the desired function of the control unit len len.
  • the control unit may finally consist of the computer unit.
  • the control unit is formed, the at least one
  • control unit is designed to set a mains current at one of the terminals as a function of a comparison of the mains current with a predeterminable comparison current.
  • the control unit thus provides a control functionality by means of which the mains current can be set in a predeterminable manner. This makes it possible, at that connection whose mains current is detected, to regulate this in a predeterminable manner.
  • a suitable current sensor or the like can be used for the game.
  • the current sensor may be included in the energy converter. However, it can also be provided that the energy converter has a connection for the current sensor, which is included for the case of game of the corresponding electrical network, which is to be charged with the regulated mains current.
  • Energy converter systems are also extensively in use. Energy conversion systems have at least two energy converters, which are suitably operated with each other, so that the energy conversion system, which also serves to electrically couple two electrical networks together, may provide a desired energy conversion functionality. It is usually envisaged that the energy converters are operated in a parallel operation.
  • the energy converters can be designed as explained above.
  • control unit for the at least one switching element be.
  • the energy converters, the energy conversion systems and also the processes for their operation have proven their worth. Nevertheless, especially in dynamic processes, for example, disturbances in one or both of the electrical networks as well as in a Akti four or disable one of the at least two energy converters in an energy converter system problems that affect the entire functionality if not so disturbing. It is now common in energy converter systems, galvanically decouple the parallel-connected energy converter via separation transformers. This should be avoided in dynamic processes, such as the activation or deactivation of a single energy converter, the Auftre th unwanted cyclic currents.
  • EP 3 297 150 A1 discloses a control of phase currents of parallel-connected inverters. But even the operation of a single inverter can be further improved. Depending on the method used to regulate the current, for example, limitations may occur with regard to dynamic control, robustness of the control, unfavorable system perturbations and high switching losses.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object verbes fibers to the operation of energy converters and energy conversion systems and to provide appropriate methods for their operation.
  • an energy converter As a solution with the invention, an energy converter, an energy converter system, a method for operating an energy gie converter and a method for operating a power converter system according to the independent claims schla conditions.
  • control unit is designed to provide a first operating mode for the switching operation for adjusting an electrical voltage to one of the networks by means of a PWM method depending on the comparison be, and a second operating mode for the
  • a difference between the mains current and the predetermined comparison current is greater than a first predetermined relative switching value and / or less than a second predetermined rela tive switching value.
  • a first operating mode is provided for the switching operation, in which an electrical voltage on one of the networks is dependent on the comparison by means of a PWM method is set, and a second mode of operation slimge is provided, wherein the switching element is switched when in the comparison, a difference between the mains current and the predetermined comparison current is greater than a first predetermined relative switching value and / or less than a second predetermined relative switching value ,
  • the invention is based on the idea that the operation of the energy converter or the energy converter system can be adjusted as desired by suitable selection of an operating mode to the entire functionality even in dynamic operations in relation to the electrical networks or also with respect to the activation or deactivation to improve one of the several energy converters of the energy converter system.
  • the invention uses the knowledge that the two operating modes allow the operation of the energy converter with different preferential properties. Depending on requirements, you can switch between the two operating modes. This makes it possible to reduce the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art, if not completely overcome.
  • the energy converter has a first terminal for connection to the first electrical network, a second terminal for connection to the second electrical network and at least one converter inductance, wherein the at least one switching element is electrically coupled to the at least one transducer inductance, wherein the first and the second connection via the at least one transducer inductance and the at least one switching element are coupled to each other electrically GE.
  • the first mode of operation according to the invention provides for the use of a PWM method.
  • the acronym stands for pulse width modulation.
  • the PWM method can be used to control the grid current of the energy converter. It can also be called an indirect flow control method.
  • current regulation functionality preferably using a PI controller, is provided by calculating a terminal voltage or output voltage required for the desired utility current, which is then provided by the PWM method. In this method, therefore, the current is not immedi directly regulated, but by switching the terminal clamping voltage or the output voltage.
  • the second mode of operation refers to a direct regulatory procedure.
  • the current mains current is detected and evaluated, criztoswei se by a so-called actual Storm is determined, which can then be compared directly with a predetermined desired current or the United Gleichsstrom. Depending on this comparison, a respective switching state of the at least one switching element can then be determined and set.
  • the energy converter Since the energy converter is operated in clock mode, deviations from the comparison current occur regularly in both methods. In the first mode of operation by ent speaking readjusting the terminal voltage is trying to achieve the desired network current. In the second mode of operation, however, is provided to switch the at least one element Druckele then, if in the comparison, a difference between the detected mains current and the predetermined Ver Gleichsstrom is greater than a first predetermined switching value and / or less than a second predetermined switching value. Preferably, both the first and the second predetermined available switching value. They can be the same size. In addition, the first predefinable shift value is preferably greater than the second predefinable shift value if both shift values are present. The switching values may preferably be used to specify a distance from the comparison current.
  • the switching values are relative values based on the comparison current.
  • the switching values may be difference values of an absolute value with respect to the comparison value.
  • ripple current can be set in terms of its amplitude. This is not possible with the first operating mode, so that the ripples current can be correspondingly larger there.
  • the first operating mode compared to the second operating mode usually lower switching losses can be achieved. This must be observed for the design of the energy converter and the intended operation.
  • Both operating modes thus have their individual advantages and disadvantages.
  • the PWM method according to the first loading operating mode thus small switching losses, low overall distortion performance, cost-effective filter functions as well as a low-cost common-mode filter concept it can be enough.
  • the second operating mode allows a large dynamics and robustness with respect to the current control, and in energy conversion systems in particular an almost inde pendent operation of the individual energy converters, for example by different energy for the energy converters comparison currents can be specified as target values.
  • the characteristic difference between the first and the second operating mode is therefore in particular in the manner in which switching operations or the Wennbe operation of the at least one switching element determined relationship be executed.
  • the first operating mode is basically a target value for the terminal voltage, which has been previously determined, for example, by means of a particular di gitalen current controller.
  • Using a Re- chenvorschrift can then be determined by means of a PWM modulator, the corresponding switching operations for a predetermined switching period in advance, for example on the basis of tables, calculation rules or the like.
  • the desired terminal voltage can then result from a time average of stepwise switched individual voltages over a pulse period of the pulse width modulation.
  • the thus resulting gradual voltage curve then allows to approximate the mains current to the comparison current, but with a corresponding ripple current is superimposed, which can be smoothed in the Re gel by means of suitable filter measures.
  • the ripple current can be significantly dependent on an operating point and where appropriate also of disturbances, for example, a phase angle at an AC voltage , a mains voltage, an electromotive force of an electric machine and / or the like.
  • the Rip pelstrom can also be highly time-dependent.
  • the comparison current is used directly as current setpoint value.
  • a knowledge of the terminal voltage is not mandatory for this function principle. In this case, it preferably always follows a switching action when a deviation of the detected mains current or of the actual current value from the comparison current becomes too great. This mode of operation, moreover, allows switching operations in the future not to be determined beforehand.
  • the second mode of operation allows reacting directly to changes in the detected line current with respect to the comparison current, whereby the ripple current can assume a nearly uniform course compared to the first mode of operation and thus hardly dependent on the operating point and possibly occurring disturbance variables .
  • the invention thus provides a combination of the use of two different operating methods for operating the energy converter or the energy converter system re alinstrument, whereby the advantages of both modes of operation can be combined and thus new applications and loading operations can be achieved.
  • a cost-effective system of energy converters, output filters with high efficiency and, if required, highly dynamic and robust control can be achieved.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to be able to drive through network-side interference situations without significant overcurrent faults, in particular when the energy converter provides a network inverter whose functionality can be impaired by network faults.
  • the network disturbances can be caused for example by sudden changes in the mains voltage, by zimpedanzen Net or the like. In such disturbances, control based on the first mode of operation, for example, may become unstable, or provide too little dynamic, so that consequent errors may occur.
  • the invention also makes it possible to operate a network change judge as a robust power generator and as interruption-free island network generator in a power failure.
  • operation in the second operating mode allows a great robustness, but can also act as a source of electricity at the same time and is therefore rather disadvantageous in a stand-alone operation.
  • isolated mode it is advantageous if the energy converter can be operated as a voltage source, so the first mode of operation would be preferable here.
  • the second mode of operation would be hereby applicable only with relatively high cost in terms of measurement effort and computationally bezie applicable.
  • the invention also enables the so-called staging of energy converters, in particular inverters.
  • the number of acti fourth energy converter or inverter can be adapted to a currently required power, so that an opti mated efficiency provided and a lifetime of the energy converter system or inverter system formed thereby can be increased.
  • the control unit is further configured to switch between the first and the second operating mode during the intended operation of the energy converter.
  • an algorithm for condition monitoring and mode change can be provided, with which can be switched at any time between the loading operating modes or changed.
  • an automated adaptation of the energy converter or the energy converter system to jewei time conditions can be achieved.
  • terminal voltages at the first and / or at the second terminal as well as terminal currents at the first and / or at the second terminal can be detected and evaluated.
  • Switching may be dependent upon one or more conditions, such as staging the activation and / or deactivation of one or more inverters of an inverter system, the occurrence of a grid-side fault during operation of a single inverter, or an inverter. selrichter system, of switching losses and / or the like. It is also possible to monitor one or more parameters, for example circulating currents or the like, and, depending on a respective detected value, to carry out a change compared with a corresponding comparison value.
  • the first network is formed as DC voltage intermediate circuit and the mains current is that of the second Net Net.
  • the energy converter may be for this purpose in particular a DC-DC converter or DC / DC converter or an inverter or the like.
  • a change judge he can serve to compensate for a single-phase or a multi-phase AC voltage at the second port.
  • As a DC-DC converter it can provide a DC voltage at the second terminal.
  • control unit is out forms to perform a change from the first mode of operation in the second mode of operation unsynchronized.
  • this development uses that due to the high dynamics of the second mode of operation switching over or switching from the first mode of operation in the second mode of operation during the intended operation of the energy converter lers can be performed safely. It basically need to be considered no further operating conditions. Due to the detected boundary conditions, the control unit may decide that the change from the first to the second operating mode makes sense and executes it almost immediately or at a desired time.
  • control unit is designed to perform a change from the second operating mode to the first operating mode as a function of a clock state of the PWM method.
  • This reverse change from the second operating mode to the first operating mode can also be be carried out during normal operation.
  • the beginning of the clock state of the PWM method is calculated or optionally also delayed, for example until, for example, the ripple current is as small as possible during operation after the second operating mode.
  • the energy level is an inverter for an electric machine during engine operation, a virtually continuous torque profile can be achieved.
  • it is a line-level inverter, it can be achieved that no significantly increased harmonics or other unfortunate network perturbations occur. At least, however, this can be reduced.
  • control unit is designed to perform the change between the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation without interruption.
  • a nearly continuous operation of the energy converter can also be achieved during the changeover between the operating modes.
  • control unit has at least one integrator, wherein the control unit is further designed such that the integrator operating mode assumes a predeterminable integrator state in the second loading.
  • integrator for example a digital integrator, in order to reduce or avoid, in particular, permanent control deviations. If the second operating mode is activated, this integrator should at least be stopped.
  • Another possibility is to set the integrator to zero or to set by continuing calculation of integral components such that there is a ent speaking output voltage, so that a mains current can set as he is currently implemented with the second operating mode.
  • the mains current is detected discrete-time, and a sampling rate is set depending on the respective operating mode Be.
  • This development uses the knowledge that the sampling rate for the network to be recorded stream depending on the operating mode set who can. For the first mode of operation, it is usually sufficient if a sampling rate in a range of, for example, 5 kHz is selected. For the second operating mode, however, a higher sampling rate is recommended, which is for example at 100 kHz. If a time-discrete control is used for the mains current, setpoint voltages, for example as a space vector with magnitude and angle, can be calculated here, from which the PWM modulator can calculate the required switching operations for the respective subsequent PWM cycle.
  • the change takes place from the second operating mode to the first operating mode as a function of a distortion component of the mains current and / or a loss performance of the energy converter.
  • This can avoid the who, that an existing distortion fraction otherwise remains to be the next as an offset and must be compensated by example egg ner time-discrete current control.
  • This can be realized, for example, by first calculating corresponding suitable PWM pulse patterns and then delaying a start of the output of the calculated PWM pulse pattern and thus the change between the operating modes until a current error during operation in the second mode of operation predetermines a reference value below.
  • a current terminal voltage can be calculated and used as a starting value, for example as an integral component, by the time-discrete current control. For example, transient phenomena related to the change of the operating modes can be reduced by the mentioned measures. However, they are not mandatory.
  • a PWM modulator for example, a modulator with previously calculated, optimized pulse patterns can be set. Preferably, this means the switching hand lungs for a defined period of time or a defined period for the future in a current Be billing cycle set and allows the next engagement only after the expiration of this switching sequence.
  • a clock rate of the PWM pulse pattern may be changed after each switching period to achieve wobbling.
  • an interference power can be distributed spectrally to many frequencies, so that, for example, cheaper Stahlfil ter can be used.
  • a voltage-frequency spectrum of PWM modulation with wobble may be similar to a voltage-frequency spectrum of direct current regulation according to the second operating state.
  • the switching or the change from the second operating mode to the first operating mode should preferably take place at a time when a distortion component in the mains current is as low as possible because an existing distortion component would otherwise initially remain as an offset and would have to be compensated by the time-discrete current regulation ,
  • the first and / or the second relative switching value are selected depending on the predetermined Ver equal-current.
  • a hysteresis can be provided, within which the ripple current is in the second operating mode.
  • One of the switching values can also be formed by the comparison current.
  • the first switching value may be greater than the predetermined comparison current, whereas the second switching value may be smaller than the predetermined comparison current.
  • the first and the second switching value are selected at the same distance from the United Gleichsstrom. As a result, a hysteresis window can be achieved symmetrically to the predetermined comparison current.
  • the setting of the Mains current is disabled depending on the comparison current and the energy converter is operated in the first operating mode to provide a predetermined electrical connection voltage at the corresponding terminal.
  • Current source is preferably in this operating state deak tivated, and it can be used a predetermined reference voltage for adjusting the terminal voltage.
  • a predetermined reference voltage for adjusting the terminal voltage can also be provided a gelungsfunktion Rund Reg.
  • the island mains operation can be automatically activated in a simple way in case of power failure, so that a power supply functionality can be provided almost continuously.
  • the compensation processes occurring during the activation or deactivation can be reduced if not completely suppressed due to the high dynamics of the control in the second operating mode.
  • this can be achieved that a galvanic Tren voltage of the energy converter, for example, on an AC voltage side, can be saved. This can reduce costs and weight.
  • Inverter as energy converter according to the inven tion, which is designed to electrically couple a DC link voltage as a first electrical network with egg ner three-phase AC voltage as the second elec- tric network;
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic block diagram representation for an electrical drive device with an inverter according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an energy gie converter system with four parallel-connected inverters according to FIG. 1, which electrically couple an intermediate DC voltage as the first electrical network with a three-phase AC voltage as the second electrical network;
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a spectral power distribution for mains current according to FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram representation as in FIG. 4 for the line current of the inverter according to FIG. 1, but here in a first operating mode of the inverter; and
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram illustration as per FIG. 5 but for the first operating mode according to FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a schematic diagram representation egg nen three-phase inverter 10 as an energy converter, by means of which a DC voltage intermediate circuit 12 is electrically coupled as a first electrical network with a three-phase AC voltage network 14 as a second electrical network.
  • the energy converter 10 has a first connection 16 for connection to the DC voltage intermediate circuit 12 and a second connection 18 for connection to the three-phase AC voltage network 14.
  • each phase of the three-phase alternating voltage network 14 is a respective Wandlerindukttica 20 and one with the respective respective WandlerinduktShik 20 electrically coupled
  • Switching element 22 is provided, wherein the first terminal 16 via the respective combination of the respective Wandlerindukti tivity 20 with the respective associated switching elements 22 a respective, not further designated Phasenan circuit of the second terminal 18 is electrically coupled.
  • the inverter 10 further comprises a control unit 24, which is electrically coupled via respective control lines 34 with a respective one of the switching elements 22, so that the switching elements 22 can be beat individually by means of control signals beauf.
  • the control unit 24 is configured to drive the switching elements 22 in a switching operation such that the inverter 10 provides a predeterminable energy conversion functionality between the first and the connection 16, 18.
  • a regulated alternating current in the manner of a current source for each phase of the AC voltage network 14 is provided at the second terminal 18.
  • the control unit 24 is designed to control a respective mains current of a respective phase at the second terminal 18 from a comparison with a predefinable comparison. Ström adjust.
  • the control unit 24 thus provides a corresponding current control.
  • the comparison current is given here for each phase separately by a nominal alternating current.
  • the control unit 24 now controls the switching elements 22 in switching operation such that the setpoint comparison current can be approximated as well as possible by the action of the converter inductances 20. It should be noted that due to the clocking operation of the switching elements 22, a current waveform is achieved, which is superimposed by egg nem corresponding ripple current, which is due to the switching operation of the switching elements 22, superimposed (FIG 4, FIG 6).
  • the control unit 24 is formed here, the switching operation in two different operating modes admirzustel len.
  • a first operating mode for the switching operation is provided to provide the electrical connection voltage at the terminal 18 for a respective phase of the AC voltage network 14 by means of a PWM method depending on the comparison ready.
  • voltage sensors 44 are provided with respect to the AC voltage network 14, by means of which a respective phase of the three-phase AC voltage of the AC voltage network 14 can be detected.
  • the corre sponding measured values are fed via lines, not shown, a phase-locked loop (PLL) unit 42. This he testifies for the other units of the control unit 24 signals with respect to respective phase angle and the frequency of the three-phase AC voltage of the AC voltage network 14. These signals are fed to a current control unit 38 for zeitdiskre th current rules.
  • PLL phase-locked loop
  • the current control unit 38 receives by means of
  • Current sensors 46 detected respective phase currents or network currents at the second terminal 18, namely i u , i v , i w . Furthermore, the current control unit 38 is supplied with nominal values for the respective phase currents i * u , i * v , i * w . From this, the current control unit 38 determines values for a current one Target voltage and a current target angle, which are supplied via respective communication lines 48, 50, a PWM modulator 36 of the control unit 24. The PWM modulator 36 generates the corresponding control signals that are routed via the control lines 34 to the respective one of the switching elements 22 so that they can be driven in the intended cycle operation.
  • the first mode of operation thus provides an indirect current regulation, in which a corresponding current flow is to be brought about by setting the respective electrical voltage at the second terminal 18.
  • the signal lines 34 are not directly connected to the PWM modulator 36, but instead are routed via electronic switches 56.
  • the electronic switch 56 allow, depending on the selected operating state, the control signals
  • Supply switching elements 22 In the switching position shown in Figure 1, the first operating mode is activated, so that the switching elements 22 are operated according to a PWM method in Heidelbergbe operation.
  • the control unit comprises a direct current control unit 40.
  • the direct current control unit 40 receives as input signals in addition to the information regarding the phase angle and the frequency of the PLL unit 42, the detected phase currents i u , i v , i w , which have been detected by the current sensors 46, and the corresponding target currents i * u , i * v , i * w , which are also the Stromregelungsein unit 38 available.
  • the direct current control unit 40 further includes - not shown in FIG 1 - a first predetermined relative switching value, the currents for each of the phase currents i u , i v , i w is given, and a corresponding second predetermined relative switching value.
  • the first switching value is greater by a predeterminable distance at any time than the corresponding desired current i * u, i * v , i * w , whereas the second switching value is correspondingly smaller in each case.
  • the amounts of the corresponding switching values are chosen the same here. However, they can also be chosen differently from one another in alternative embodiments.
  • the switching values provide a hysteresis range around the respective current setpoints i * u, i * v , i * w , which serves to trigger a respective switching action and to output corresponding control signals for the switching elements 22.
  • 22 individual control signals to the electronic switch 56 are performed for each of the elements Druckele. If the electronic switch 56 is switched to the other switching position, there is a so-called direct current control according to the second loading operating state of the control unit 24 before.
  • the electronic switch 56 are connected for the purpose of switching over to a mode change unit 52.
  • the mode change unit 52 By means of the mode change unit 52, the operating modes can be switched depending on a state süberwachung who the.
  • a virtually trouble-free switching as possible in the normal operation of the inverter 10 it can be enough, all units of Steuerein unit 24 are kept active regardless of the respective activated operating state. As a result, it is possible to change almost arbitrarily between the operating states.
  • FIGS. 4 to 7 show effects of the first and the second operating modes.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 relate to the second operating mode
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 relate to the first operating mode.
  • the abscissa is assigned to the time
  • the abscissa is assigned to the frequency
  • the ordinate is assigned to the relative mains current of a phase at the terminal 18.
  • FIG. 4 shows, for one of the phases, representative of the second connection 18, a desired current profile by means of a graph 58.
  • An actual current, as detected by means of the respective one of the current sensors 46, is represented by means of a graph 60. It can be seen that a hysteresis band is provided symmetrically with respect to the graph 58 by the first and the second switching value, within which the actual current of the respective phase at the terminal 18
  • FIG. 5 shows, by means of a graph 62, a relative spectral distribution of the current profile according to FIG. 4, as represented by the graph 60. It can be seen that a very broad spectral distribution is given.
  • FIG. 6 shows, in an illustration such as FIG. 4, how the current variation in accordance with the graph 60 changes when the first operating mode is now activated instead of the second operating mode. It should be noted in the representation according to FIG 6 that the size ratios of the ripple current are not exactly ge met. In fact, the ripple current, as it results from the graph 60 in FIG 6, considerably larger than the ripple current, as it is provided by the graph 60 in FIG 4 represents.
  • FIG. 7 shows the corresponding relative spectral distribution in the first operating mode according to FIG. 6. It can be seen that the spectral energy is concentrated at essentially two points. In contrast to the second operating mode, in which, as is apparent from FIG. 5, the spectral energy is widely distributed, here is the first operating mode, the energy distributed narrowband. It is distributed to a large extent on the two peaks.
  • a self-commutated mains inverter which in the present case is designed as an inverter 10 is operated in a normal mode in the first operating mode, namely in a switching mode according to a PWM method. It should be in the present embodiment, Chen Chen to achieve the lowest possible total distortion of the voltage at the second terminal 18 and the highest possible efficiency.
  • a network failure such as a symmet ric and an asymmetrical voltage change, a phase jump, a frequency change, a Netzimpedanz65e tion, a phase failure or the like
  • the dynamics in the first mode of operation may be insufficient to continue to regulate the mains power as intended.
  • strong deviations from the setpoint or overcurrent or overvoltage protection shutdowns may occur.
  • a defined dynamic of a controlled system is assumed for the design and parameterization of the PWM method. If the actual controlled system deviates too much as a result of network changes, the regulation can become unstable.
  • overcurrent / overvoltage protection shutdowns as well as inadmissible harmonics of currents and voltages can be the result.
  • the Wech inverter 10 can therefore be operated as follows.
  • the mode change unit 52 By means of the mode change unit 52, a corresponding operating situation can be recognized, for example due to a large re-deviation, due to reaching a current or voltage threshold, due to an external signal or the like.
  • the mode change unit 52 causes a Be mode change from the first mode of operation in the high dynamic mixing second mode of operation.
  • the difficult operating situation has been overcome, for example by values of currents and voltages as well as frequencies being within normal limits again within a predefinable time, then it is possible to switch back again from the second operating mode to the first operating mode.
  • the second mode of operation is less favorable in terms of efficiency, for the second mode of operation also a maximum allowable operating time can be specified. After reaching the maximum predetermined operating time then an automated change from the second mode of operation can be provided in the first mode of operation.
  • a grid inverter which is formed by the inverter 10, operates in normal mode with direct current control in the second mode of operation, because a robust, high-dynamic operating situation is at fluctuating network parameters in the foreground.
  • This can be the case, for example, in the case of energy generation or as energy storage.
  • the ability to provide a stand-alone grid virtually without interruption in the event of a grid fault is also required here, so that the energy supply can continue to be ensured.
  • the inverter 10 has the task of regulating the voltage and the frequency in the network. Active and reactive variables are largely determined by the consumer connected to the In net and are therefore initially unknown to the inverter 10 and can vary greatly over time. A specification of a comparison current for a direct current control in the first operating mode for all conceivable operating situations and load changes can thus be difficult and require a large measurement and calculation effort. In contrast, a voltage regulation at the second connection 18 in the first operating state would in this operating situation be a direct regulation for the connection voltage form, so that the current control unit 38 disabled who can. Corresponding setpoint values for the connection voltage, which are required for the PWM modulator 36, can then come directly from a higher-level regulation for the connection voltage and the frequency.
  • a typical application for this is also when the Wech inverter 10 is pelt gekop with an electrical energy storage such as egg ner battery or the like at the first terminal 16, which receives charging and discharging active and reactive power setpoints from a higher-level control and failure of the external electrical network uninterruptible an island network provides.
  • an electrical energy storage such as egg ner battery or the like
  • the drive train 80 has an electrical machine 64, which is designed for a three-phase loading operation.
  • the electrical machine 64 is connected to an energy converter 66, which in turn is connected to a DC voltage intermediate circuit 68.
  • a further energy gie converter 70 is also connected, which provides a further three-phase AC voltage network, which is connected via a fil terech 72 to a current regulator 74.
  • the current controller 74 is connected via a three-phase contactor 76 to an unspecified electrical three-phase Wech selcomplexitiesstik 78.
  • the energy converter 66 and / or the energy converter 70 may be formed by an inverter 10 according to FIG.
  • the powertrain 80 may, for example, serve to provide mechanical drive power in a production line.
  • the drive train 80 can also serve to supply electrical energy from the electric machine 64 to the AC electrical network 78. This case may occur, for example, when the electric machine 64 is disposed in a wind turbine or the like.
  • FIG. 3 now shows an energy converter system 26 with four parallel-connected inverters 10, as they have already been explained with reference to FIG.
  • the respective first connections 16 are connected in parallel to a DC voltage intermediate circuit 12 in common.
  • the jewei time second terminals of the inverter 10 are connected in parallel to a three-phase alternating voltage network 14.
  • the switching elements 22 in the present case are formed by half-bridge circuits of field effect transistors, in the present case insulated gate bipolar transistors (IBGT).
  • IBGT insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • the respective second terminals 18 of the inverters 10 are electrically coupled via a respective three-phase contactor 82 to the three-phase alternating voltage network 14.
  • the inverters 10 can optionally be replaced by voltage network 14 are disconnected. It can also be seen that the control units 24 are communicatively coupled via a BUS system 86 to a control panel 88.
  • the BUS system 86 is presently formed by a professional BUS as a field BUS.
  • Respective sensor devices 84 which are connected to the respective control unit 24 via a respective line 90, are furthermore connected to the respective second connections 18. Via the line 90, the corresponding sensor signals are transmitted to the control unit 24.
  • the control unit 84 determines respective phase voltages and phase currents at the respective one of the second terminals 18.
  • the energy conversion system 26 is operated in normal operation such that its inverters 10 are operated in the first operating mode, the lowest possible total distortion of the clamping voltage at the respective terminals 18 and the highest possible hen efficiency in parallel connection to reach the inverter 10 can.
  • the energy converter system 26 is designed to realize a so-called staging.
  • inverters 10 which are not required can be switched off and disconnected from the grid by means of the contactor 82.
  • the efficiency of the energy converter system 26 can be significantly improved with partial performance and the lifetime can be increased because the operating hours for the individual inverters 10 can be reduced.
  • the formerlyinten sive isolation transformers can be saved.
  • the use of staging can not only be achieved for a few special applications, but it also opens up a much broader field of application, in particular for standard applications, with regard to the use of the advantages with regard to partial load operation.
  • Switching commands with respect to the switching elements 22 can be achieved that current comparison values for the inverter 10 to be switched off can be brought to zero with a ramp function. Only then is the contactor 82 ge opens. After expiration of an opening time, for example, evaluation of a return signal or the like, the wei ter active inverter 10 can then switch back to the first loading operating mode.
  • the second operating mode may require specially adapted line filters. Otherwise, significant additional component loads and losses may occur.
  • a respective period which may be, for example, 50 ms to about 500 ms. Within this period, the respective connection or disconnection can then be carried out. The resulting unfavorable effects can thereby be reduced, so that adjustments of network filters can be largely avoided.
  • a common-mode inductance in the line filter as well as an active damping with fast voltage measurement in the line filter may be included in a common-mode inductance in the line filter as well as an active damping with fast voltage measurement in the line filter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un convertisseur d'énergie (10) qui couple un premier réseau (12) à un deuxième réseau (14) en convertissant de l'énergie électrique au moyen d'au moins un élément de commutation (22), - l'élément de commutation (22) fonctionnant dans un fonctionnement de commutation, et - un courant de réseau destiné à l'un des réseaux (12, 14) étant réglé en fonction d'une comparaison du courant de réseau à un courant de comparaison, - un premier mode de fonctionnement du fonctionnement de commutation étant prévu, dans lequel une tension électrique est réglée au niveau de l'un des réseaux (12, 14) au moyen d'un procédé de modulation d'impulsions en largeur en fonction de la comparaison, et - un deuxième mode de fonctionnement étant prévu dans lequel l'élément de commutation est commuté seulement lorsque, lors de la comparaison, une différence entre le courant de réseau et le courant de comparaison est supérieure à une première valeur de commutation relative prédéterminée et/ou inférieure à une deuxième valeur de commutation relative prédéterminée, un passage entre le premier et le deuxième mode de fonctionnement étant effectué pendant le fonctionnement normal.
EP19727865.8A 2018-05-30 2019-05-15 Couplage électrique d'un premier réseau électrique à un deuxième réseau électrique Pending EP3759809A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP18174998.7A EP3576284A1 (fr) 2018-05-30 2018-05-30 Couplage électrique d'un premier réseau électrique avec un second réseau électrique
PCT/EP2019/062507 WO2019228816A1 (fr) 2018-05-30 2019-05-15 Couplage électrique d'un premier réseau électrique à un deuxième réseau électrique

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EP19727865.8A Pending EP3759809A1 (fr) 2018-05-30 2019-05-15 Couplage électrique d'un premier réseau électrique à un deuxième réseau électrique

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EP3667882A1 (fr) * 2018-12-10 2020-06-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Onduleur à commutation automatique et son fonctionnement
EP3817045B1 (fr) * 2019-10-31 2024-02-07 Infineon Technologies Austria AG Dispositif semi-conducteur et onduleur
CN112260901B (zh) * 2020-10-23 2022-05-03 北京信而泰科技股份有限公司 网络损伤仪和网络损伤仪的使用方法
EP4195486A1 (fr) * 2021-12-09 2023-06-14 Wobben Properties GmbH Procédé de commande d'un redresseur actif d'une éolienne
EP4358390A1 (fr) 2022-10-17 2024-04-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fonctionnement d'éléments de commutation d'un onduleur

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FR2889370B1 (fr) * 2005-07-29 2007-09-07 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Procede de commande d'un onduleur de tension polyphase
JP4508237B2 (ja) * 2007-12-19 2010-07-21 株式会社デンソー 回転機の制御装置
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WO2019228816A1 (fr) 2019-12-05
CN112236932A (zh) 2021-01-15
EP3576284A1 (fr) 2019-12-04
CN112236932B (zh) 2022-02-08
US11128237B2 (en) 2021-09-21

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