EP3759197A1 - Pyrolysis device - Google Patents
Pyrolysis deviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP3759197A1 EP3759197A1 EP19712847.3A EP19712847A EP3759197A1 EP 3759197 A1 EP3759197 A1 EP 3759197A1 EP 19712847 A EP19712847 A EP 19712847A EP 3759197 A1 EP3759197 A1 EP 3759197A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tubular body
- chamber
- pyrolysis
- movable
- shutter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
- C10B1/06—Horizontal retorts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/005—After-treatment of coke, e.g. calcination desulfurization
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/16—Features of high-temperature carbonising processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
- C10B7/14—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with trucks, containers, or trays
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an innovative pyrolysis device of the microwave- type for the disposal of polymeric materials, especially at end of life, such as, in particular, end-of-life tires (often and notoriously designated by the acronym ELT), and dedicated to the recovery of component materials.
- end of life such as, in particular, end-of-life tires (often and notoriously designated by the acronym ELT)
- ELT end-of-life tires
- pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition process of organic materials obtained by applying heat in the complete absence of an oxidizing agent (normally oxygen).
- waste pyrolysis converts the material to be treated from solid state (so- called char component) into liquid products (so-called tar or pyrolysis oils) and/or gaseous products ⁇ syngas), which can be used as fuel or as raw materials intended for successive chemical processes.
- solid carbonaceous residue which is obtained can be further refined by providing products such as, for example, activated charcoal.
- Lawmakers particularly on European Community level, firstly encourage waste reduction at the source, which means using prevention to minimize the production of waste and, alternatively, reuse in original form, recycling and recovery of materials and energy.
- thermal treatments such as, typically and generally, incineration, waste- to-energy (i.e. incineration with energy recovery) or pyrolysis, performed on ELTs.
- the first of such thermal treatments, i.e. incineration includes the use of incinerators in waste management, with a view to disposal, which employ a high-temperature combustion process which provides, as final products, gaseous effluent, ashes and dust.
- incinerators As a function of the specific technology used in the respective combustion chamber, it is possible to distinguish various types of incinerators, such as, for example, grid incinerators which have a combustion chamber in which movable or fixed metal grids are used (the material combustion occurs above them).
- waste-to-energy plants As known, in the most modern incineration plants (waste-to-energy plants), the heat developed during waste combustion is recovered and used to produce steam. It is worth emphasizing that, as regards waste in general, waste-to-energy is a little used disposal type due to the low calorific value of the waste, to the extent of making it unattractive because it is not very efficient.
- the disposal of the ELTs by means of pyrolysis consists in a thermal decomposition in inert atmosphere, obtained by indirect heating, after which, for example, the tires undergo thermal cracking at temperatures of about 500/600 °C, breaking down, as already pointed out above, into a solid component ⁇ char), a liquid part ⁇ tar or pyrolysis oils) and a gaseous, partially condensable one ⁇ syngas).
- the pyrolysis products may be used, in turn, to feed plants which exploit combustion processes or can be used as raw materials for other processes.
- this type of process has the features to transform polymeric materials into products adapted for the production of energy or petrochemical raw materials.
- heating is performed in the total absence of oxygen, unlike incinerators, and the processed material thus undergoes the cracking of original chemical bonds with the formation of simpler molecules.
- the autoclave is available - notoriously, a vessel or appliance provided with a hermetic sealing system, in which the positive pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the vessel facilitates the sealing - the main drawback of which lies in the fact that heat transfer is not effective.
- the present invention suggests to remedy fully and effectively the aforesaid disadvantages suffered by the prior art considered hereto, the present invention suggests to effectively overcome such drawbacks.
- the innovative pyrolysis device of the present invention intends to overcome the criticalities of the conventional heating methods described above, by using one or more microwave sources as means for heating the material to be treated.
- the pyrolysis device of the invention optimizes the heat transfer from the specific heating sources of the microwave-type included to the polymeric material to be treated and conveyed inside the pyrolysis treatment chamber, thus substantially eliminating or at least reducing the difficulties encountered in this sense in the prior art.
- the pyrolysis device of the invention promotes shorter reaction times of the polymeric material to be treated than those encountered in the known devices to the advantage of production costs.
- the pyrolysis device of the invention has a significantly better yield than that offered by the devices of the however remotely comparable prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified assonometric view of a first variant of embodiment of the pyrolysis device of the invention, in a possible operating configuration
- figure 2 is an exploded view in figure 1 , with the compartmenting (or movable center shutter) in opening position;
- figure 3 is the front view in figure 1 , with the pyrolysis device of the invention in a second configuration;
- - figure 4 is the view in figure 3 taken along section plane IV-IV;
- - figure 5 is a first side view of the pyrolysis device in figure 1 ;
- figure 6 is a second side view of the pyrolysis device in figure 1 from the opposite side with respect to figure 5;
- figure 7 is the rear view in figure 6;
- figure 8 is a front view of the pyrolysis device in figure 1 ;
- figure 9 is the view in figure 8 taken along section plane IX-IX;
- FIG. 10 and 1 1 are two different exemplified assonometric views, from different angles, of a constructional assembly in figure 2;
- FIG. 12 is a complete assonometric view of the assembly in figures 10 and 1 1 ;
- figure 12a is a partial, simplified, enlarged detail of figure 12;
- figure 12b is a diagrammatic and simplified view of a detail of figure 10;
- FIG. 13 is a front view of a first constructional assembly in figure 2, in the closing position;
- figure 14 is the view in figure 15 taken along section plane XIV-XIV;
- figure 15 is the view in figure 13 taken along section plane XV-XV;
- figure 16 is an enlarged detail of figure 15;
- figure 16a is a further enlarged detail of figure 16;
- FIG. 17 is a front view of a first constructional assembly in figure 2, in the opening position;
- figure 18 is the view in figure 17 taken along section plane XVIII-XVIII;
- figure 18a is an enlarged detail of figure 18;
- figure 19 is the view in figure 18 taken along section plane XIX-XIX;
- figure 20 is the side view in figure 17;
- figure 22a is an enlarged detail of figure 22;
- figure 23a is an enlarged detail of figure 23;
- FIG. 24 is a simplified assonometric view of a second variant of embodiment of the pyrolysis device of the invention, in a possible operating condition.
- the pyrolysis device of the invention used for the disposal of polymeric materials, especially at end of life, such as typically and preferably ELTs, is disclosed in the minimal variant thereof in figure 1 , in which it is designated as a whole by reference numeral 1 .
- the pyrolysis device 1 comprises an elongated tubular structure, designated as a whole by reference numeral 2, which extends along a longitudinal axis X and includes as essential components:
- first tubular body 3 which defines an initial washing or drainage chamber 4, in which a shaped carriage 5 containing a polymeric material - either whole or in pieces, not shown for simplicity - to be subjected to pyrolysis treatment is received, and provided with a movable front shutter 8, e.g.
- first actuating means indicated by reference numeral 10 as a whole, which alternately move it between a first position, in which the front shutter 8 closes the initial chamber 4 from an outer side 4a, and a second position, in which the front shutter 8 opens the initial chamber 4 from the outer side 4a putting it into communication with the external environment;
- a second tubular body 1 1 located downstream of the first tubular body 3 and provided at a first end 1 1 a with closing means, designated as a whole by reference numeral 12, defining a pyrolysis chamber 13 which, during the operation of the device 1 of the invention, receives the shaped carriage 5 containing polymeric material just treated in the initial washing or drainage chamber 4 and to be subjected to the pyrolysis treatment in the pyrolysis chamber 4;
- a plurality of microwave heating sources 14 coupled to the second tubular body 1 1 and facing the pyrolysis chamber 13 in which they activate the pyrolysis treatment on the polymeric material present in the shaped carriage 5;
- a movable center shutter 15 interposed between the first tubular body 3 and the second tubular body 1 1 and cooperating with second actuating means, indicated as a whole by reference numeral 16, which alternately move it between a closing position, in which the center shutter 15 keeps the initial chamber 4 and the pyrolysis chamber 13 mutually isolated (and, in this case, also hermetically sealing the pyrolysis chamber 13 itself), and an opening position, in which the center shutter 15 puts the initial chamber 4 into communication with the pyrolysis chamber 13, at an inner side 4b, opposite to the aforesaid outer side 4a, of the initial chamber 4, thus allowing the passage of the shaped carriage 5.
- the expression“pyrolysis treatment” means the specific step of the process implemented by the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention which occurs inside the pyrolysis chamber 13 of the second tubular body 1 1
- the expression “pyrolysis process” means the entire process implemented by the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention, thus involving all its component members which will be disclosed in detail.
- the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention also includes a third tubular body (not designated with a specific reference numeral in the figures which follow, for the reason that will be soon clarified), normally closed at a first head and placed functionally downstream of the second tubular body 1 1 from which it is physically separated and with which it temporarily communicates; the third tubular body has an end cooling chamber which receives the shaped carriage 5 coming from the pyrolysis chamber 13 and containing the residues of polymeric material just subjected to the pyrolysis treatment by exploiting the microwave sources 14.
- the third tubular body is also formally coaxial and aligned with both the first tubular body 3 and with the second tubular body 1 1 .
- the third tubular body coincides with the first tubular body 3 and is closed, at a first head 3a, by the aforesaid movable center shutter 15 itself when the latter takes said closing position and, at a second head 3b, opposed to the first head 3a, by the movable front shutter 8 when the latter takes the first position, so that when the front shutter 8 takes the second position, the third tubular body is open and puts the final cooling chamber (coinciding with the initial washing or drainage chamber 4 but functionally distinct therefrom), into communication with the external environment for releasing the shaped carriage 5, at the end of the pyrolysis cycle (or process), according to an exit direction (given by arrow F in figures 1 and 2) opposite to the entry direction (given by arrow G in figures 1 and 2) of the shaped carriage 5 into the initial chamber 4 and into the pyrolysis chamber 13.
- the shaped carriage 5 is thus provided, after appropriate washing and cleaning cycle, for a successive pyrolysis treatment cycle of other polymeric material to be subjected to pyrolysis.
- the shaped carriage 5 loaded with treated polymeric material, returns into the initial chamber 4, from where it was received with the polymeric material to be treated: at that point, the initial chamber 4 acts as a cooling chamber.
- the initial washing or drainage chamber (indicated by reference numeral 4 in figures 1 -3) substantially has the same constructional concept as the final chamber cooling.
- the closing means 12 comprise, in this case, a fixed laminar plate 17 provided with an annular flange 18 fixed to the outer annular edge of the second tubular body 1 1 at the first end 1 1 a thereof opposite to the second end 1 1 b coupled to the movable center shutter 15.
- the interface chimneys 6, 7 (intended respectively for extracting air from the initial chamber 4 and thus creating a vacuum therein, and for introducing an inert gas, such as nitrogen, in such an initial chamber 4) are concerned, they communicate with the initial chamber 4 of the first tubular body 3 on which they are arranged, preferably laterally with respect to aforesaid longitudinal axis X: such a position of the interface chimneys 6, 7, shown in greater detail in figure 6, derives from the preferred and optional, though recommended, presence, in this case of the safety chimneys 19 which must be necessarily placed in the upper part of the side surface 3c of the first shaped body 3, to perform their function in the most effective way possible.
- the safety chimneys 19 allow the evacuation of fumes, gases, dust, chips and/or small-size fragments in case of dangerous and unexpected explosions which could occur inside the pyrolysis chamber 13 during the pyrolysis treatment which, as known, may create, at least in theory, explosive environment conditions.
- FIGS. 1 , 2, 4 and 5 are the lateral installation, in the first tubular body 3, of a first connector 20 for a supporting beam of the sensor for reading the temperature of the polymeric material in the shaped carriage 5 exiting from the final cooling chamber, and the provision of auxiliary through holes 21 , 22 for the application of possible measuring or reading instruments deemed useful for controlling various parameters of the cycle in progress: the first connector 20 and the auxiliary through holes 21 are placed in the side surface 3c of the first tubular body 3 substantially on the symmetrically opposite side with respect to the interface chimneys 6, 7 in relation to the longitudinal axis X, in order to facilitate the connection of the aforesaid control instrumentation by the final user.
- the first tubular body 3 has a pair of second connectors 40, almost symmetrically opposite to the interface chimney 6, for connecting cooling fluid passage ducts of the thermal exchange battery under the shaped carriage 5, as well as a third connector 41 for the power electrodes and for the electric battery reading sensors.
- first tubular body 3 comprises, on the upper part of the side surface 3c, a plurality of safety chimneys 19 communicating with the initial chamber 4, at least one of which comprises at least one burst disc (not shown), which is activated in the presence of dangerous explosions, in order to prevent damaging the first tubular body 3 due to a sudden and sharp increase in the pressure difference between the initial chamber 4 and the external environment of the first tubular body 3.
- the pyrolysis device 1 of the present invention further comprises, appropriately although not necessarily, the first moving means, indicated as a whole by reference numeral 23, installed in the initial washing or drainage chamber 4 and at the bottom 3d of the first tubular body 3 and operatively connected to first driving means, indicated as a whole by reference numeral 24 and of the type known per se, to determine, during the pyrolysis cycle, the advancement of the shaped carriage 5 along the longitudinal axis X in a direction, i.e. from the initial chamber 4 to the pyrolysis chamber 13 and, in this case, also in the opposite direction, i.e. from the pyrolysis chamber 13 to the cooling chamber 4 and from there outwards.
- first moving means indicated as a whole by reference numeral 23
- first driving means indicated as a whole by reference numeral 24 and of the type known per se
- the first moving means 23 comprise two transmission assemblies 25, 26, which are mutually and equally spaced apart and evenly distributed on the bottom 3d of the first tubular body 3 so as to ensure a balanced and stable conveying of the shaped carriage 5.
- Each of such transmission assemblies 25, 26 substantially extends over the entire length of the first tubular body 3 along the longitudinal axis X and is rotated by a transverse shaft 27 integral with the transmission assemblies 25, 26, which are thus synchronized by such a transverse shaft 27, and keyed onto the first driving means 24 adapted to rotate the transverse shaft 27 about a linear axis Y orthogonal to the aforesaid longitudinal axis X.
- the first moving means may have a different constructional concept from that one just described and shown in the accompanying figures, as well as in further embodiments of the pyrolysis device of the invention, not yet disclosed, the first moving means may include a number of transmission assemblies different from two, since this number may vary according to requirements, starting from one.
- first actuating means 10 which move the movable front shutter 8 preferably but not necessarily, comprise a linear actuating member 28, selected from the group consisting of pneumatic actuators, hydraulic actuators (preferred solution) and the like, which is rigidly coupled to a first end 29a of an articulation lever 29 provided with a second end 29b connected to the side edge 8a of the movable front shutter 8, so that, as shown in greater detail in figures 2 and 3:
- the articulation lever 29 is arranged in a main direction W’ which defines an obtuse inner angle f with the linear action direction K of the linear actuating member 28 and the movable front shutter 8, following a rotation (e.g. counterclockwise) of the articulation lever 8 about a fulcrum 30 defined at the first end 29a of the articulation lever 29, takes the second position (shown in figure 2) in which it fully opens said outer side 4a of the initial chamber 4.
- the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention also includes second moving means, indicated as a whole by reference numeral 31 , which:
- the second moving means 31 conveniently have the same constructional composition described above in detail, of the first moving means 23 with which they cooperate in this variant both in the passage of the shaped carriage 5 from the initial chamber 4 into the pyrolysis chamber 13 and in the reverse passage.
- the first tubular body 3 is made integral with the movable center shutter 15 by means of a first peripheral flange 33 which, as can be seen in figures 1 and 2, is:
- the second tubular body 1 1 preferentially comprises on the side surface 1 1 c a plurality of auxiliary interface chimneys 35, 36, intended respectively for extracting the oxygen (more properly air) present in the internal atmosphere of the pyrolysis chamber 13 from the pyrolysis chamber 13 (and thus creating a vacuum therein) and for introducing an inert gas (such as typically nitrogen) before performing the first pyrolysis treatment into the pyrolysis chamber 13 itself.
- an inert gas such as typically nitrogen
- the second tubular body 1 1 also has:
- the second tubular body 1 1 (which generally has an axial length of about 1 .5 meters) comprises, on the upper part of the outer lateral wall 1 1 c, a plurality of auxiliary safety chimneys 42 communicating with the pyrolysis chamber 13, at least one of which comprising at least one burst disc which is activated to avoid dangerous damage of the second tubular body 1 1 due to an abrupt and sudden increase of the pressure difference between the pyrolysis chamber 13 of the second tubular body 1 1 and the environment outside the second tubular body 1 1 .
- Each of such auxiliary safety chimneys 42 is provided with a terminal connector, not shown, to which a conveying duct (not shown) is connected adapted to convey outwards the fumes which may have damaged the burst disc.
- first tubular body and/or the second tubular body comprise a number of interface chimneys and a number of safety chimneys different from that which can be derived from the accompanying figures, because each of such numbers may vary according to design choices, starting from one.
- the microwave heating sources 14 include a plurality of cartridge feeders 44 communicating with the pyrolysis chamber 13 and uniformly distributed on the outer wall 1 1 c of the second tubular body 1 1 to which they are coupled by fixing means of a type known perse to those skilled in the art (e.g. flanges), as shown in greater detail figures 10-12.
- cartridge feeders 44 communicating with the pyrolysis chamber 13 and uniformly distributed on the outer wall 1 1 c of the second tubular body 1 1 to which they are coupled by fixing means of a type known perse to those skilled in the art (e.g. flanges), as shown in greater detail figures 10-12.
- the microwave sources 14 comprise a first plurality of cartridge feeders 44, mutually aligned along a first longitudinal direction X’ parallel to the longitudinal axis X, and a second plurality of cartridge feeders 44 mutually aligned along a second longitudinal direction X”, also parallel to the longitudinal axis X and symmetrical with respect to the first direction X’.
- each of the cartridge feeders 44 of the first plurality is also oriented in a first direction Z’ inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis X, while each of the cartridge feeders 44 of the first plurality is also oriented in a second direction Z” inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis X and defining an angle s smaller than the flat angle, preferably substantially a right angle with the first direction Z’.
- Each of the aforesaid cartridge feeders 44 internally contains a plurality of microwaves generation devices 45, shown in greater detail in figure 12a, electrically connected to a processing and control unit (not shown), which also controls the operation of the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention as a whole.
- the second tubular body 1 1 also includes shielding means, generally designated by reference numeral 46, transparent to electromagnetic waves, interposed between the microwave heating sources 14 and the pyrolysis chamber 13 that they directly face, adapted to protect the microwave sources 14 against the high temperatures and against the corrosive and/or aggressive gases which develop in the pyrolysis chamber 13 during the respective pyrolysis treatment.
- shielding means generally designated by reference numeral 46, transparent to electromagnetic waves, interposed between the microwave heating sources 14 and the pyrolysis chamber 13 that they directly face, adapted to protect the microwave sources 14 against the high temperatures and against the corrosive and/or aggressive gases which develop in the pyrolysis chamber 13 during the respective pyrolysis treatment.
- the shielding means 46 comprise for example:
- both secondary laminar plates 50, 51 are stably contained in a through hole 52 obtained in the second tubular body 1 1 .
- each main laminar plate 47, 48 extends over the entire axial length of the second tubular body 1 1 , to the inner wall 1 1 e of which it is removably and slidingly coupled by means of the aforementioned supporting means 49 which act as guiding means during the insertion into position (or installation) and/or the extraction of each main laminar plate 47, 48.
- the two main laminar plates 47, 48 also face each other, because each one is arranged in front of a specific plurality of cartridge feeders 44.
- the shielding means may comprise a number of main laminar plates made of refractory material different from that indicated above, because such a number may be varied at will by the manufacturer or according to requirements in relation to the positioning of the second tubular body.
- the number of secondary laminar plates for each of the cartridge feeders can be different from that described above in other executive solutions of pyrolysis device of the invention:
- such a number of secondary laminar plates may vary according to design choices starting from one, and therefore to the actual shielding level of the electromagnetic waves which must be obtained.
- the supporting means 49 are arranged in the upper portion of the inner wall 1 1 e of the second tubular body 1 1 and define two mutually opposite longitudinal seats 53, 54, in which two longitudinal peripheral portions which are mutually opposite to the respective main laminar plates 47, 48 slide and remain housed, as shown in greater detail in figures 1 1 and 12.
- the supporting means 49 comprise a plurality of laminar tongues 55, 56 mutually spaced apart and uniformly distributed along the longitudinal axis X, on a pair of mutually opposite laminar plates 57, 58 facing each other and projecting from the inner wall 1 1 e of the second tubular body 1 1 towards the pyrolysis chamber 13.
- the laminar plates 57, 58 and the respective laminar tongues 55, 56 are defined both in front of the first plurality of cartridge feeders 44 to support the main laminar plate 47 and in front of the second plurality of cartridge feeders 44 to support the main laminar plate 48.
- each of the two secondary laminar plates 50, 51 is stably sealed (e.g. by means of appropriate adhesives substances 59 foamed into position) to the inner surface 52a which delimits the through hole 52 of the second tubular body 1 1 and which is interposed between the microwave generation devices 45 and the respective main plate laminar 47 or 48.
- each secondary laminar plate (or layer) 50, 51 is made is quartz glass: such a material effectively allows the passage of the microwaves E produced by the cartridge feeders 44 through each laminar plate 50, 51 but not of the gases which are developed during the pyrolysis treatment in the pyrolysis chamber 13.
- the second tubular body 1 1 preferably also comprises a plurality of terminal ducts 60 projecting from the upper portion of the outer wall 1 1 c of the second tubular body 1 1 and communicating with the pyrolysis chamber 13 to cool the electric part and electronics of microwaves sources 14.
- the second tubular body includes a number of terminal ducts different from that shown in the figures mentioned hereto, because this number may vary according to operating requirements, starting from one.
- the pyrolysis chamber 13 advantageously but not necessarily has a profile which is at least partially polygonal, which promotes a more effective and more efficient diffusion of the microwaves E generated by the microwave sources 14 in the pyrolysis chamber 13 and on the polymeric material to be treated contained in the shaped carriage 5.
- the microwave sources 14 are arranged, in this case, at two upper sides 61 , 62 of the at least partially polygonal profile of the pyrolysis chamber 13, so that the magnetic field generated by the microwave sources 14 focuses mainly, if not almost integrally, towards the central zone of the pyrolysis chamber 13, i.e. that in which the shaped carriage 5 loaded with the polymeric material to be treated is positioned.
- the two upper sides 61 , 62 of the at least partially polygonal profile of the pyrolysis chamber 13 are those which, in this case, are connected to each other by a curved portion 63.
- the magnetic field produced by the latter is almost entirely directed towards the center of the pyrolysis chamber 13 and therefore towards the polymeric material to be treated contained in the shaped carriage 5, without causing an excessive dispersion of such a magnetic field inside the pyrolysis chamber 13 itself, in the points in which there is no material to be treated (e.g., under the shaped carriage 5) or in which having the magnetic field itself is not required.
- the polygonal shape of the profile of the pyrolysis chamber 13 allows an effective play of reflections of the electromagnetic waves E generated by the cartridge feeders 44, accentuated by the shape of the shaped carriage 5 itself, which will be described below and which is characterized by squared stretches.
- the at least partially polygonal profile of the pyrolysis chamber 13 allows maximizing the energy (or, in other words, increasing the density of the microwaves E) absorbed by the polymeric material to be treated present in the shaped carriage 5 and produced by the microwave sources 14, to the advantage of efficiency of the pyrolysis treatment and of the pyrolysis cycle as a whole.
- the at least partially polygonal profile of the pyrolysis chamber 13 allows achieving a saving of material for manufacturing the second tubular body 1 1 , which can be quantified in a reduction of the volume of the pyrolysis chamber 13 equal to about 1 /3 with respect to a traditional type tubular body which typically has a circular profile.
- the second tubular body 1 1 conveniently comprises a finned outer structure 64, formed by a plurality of laminar fins 65, which are equally spaced apart from one another, projecting in uniform manner from the outer wall 1 1 c of the second tubular body 1 1 .
- the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention also comprises auxiliary heating means, not shown in the accompanying figures for simplicity, and comprising, for example, at least one electrical resistance of known type to those skilled in the art.
- Such auxiliary heating means such as, for example, electrical resistances of the traditional type, are arranged on the bottom 1 1 d of the second tubular body 1 1 and inside the pyrolysis chamber 13, so as to be under the shaped carriage 5 when it is in the pyrolysis chamber 13 itself, and perform the function of preheating from ambient temperature the polymeric material to be subjected to pyrolysis treatment, present in the shaped carriage 5.
- the auxiliary heating means are activated before the microwave heating means 14, thus raising the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber 13, and thus of the polymeric material present in the shaped carriage 5, to a desired value (starting from the ambient temperature value): this allows optimizing the next amount of thermal energy which is supplied to the polymeric material by the microwave sources 14 for the pyrolysis thereof, the operational efficiency of which has been proven to be better when the polymeric material to be treated is already partially heated.
- the shaped carriage 5 has an at least partially polygonal profile, formed at least by a central flat portion 66 and by two peripheral longitudinal flat portions 67, 68, inclined with respect to the central portion 66 from which they depart in symmetrically opposite manner, so as to define an open squared inner seat 69, facing upwards and adapted to stably receive the polymeric material to be subjected to the pyrolysis treatment.
- figure 1 shows that each of the two flat peripheral longitudinal portions 67, 68 defines with the flat center portion 66 an obtuse inner angle which promotes the stable housing of the polymeric material in the inner squared seat 69.
- the second tubular body 1 1 of pyrolysis device 1 of the invention preferably and advantageously further comprises fractionation means, not shown for convenience and consisting for example of a dephlegmator, of the vapors produced in the pyrolysis chamber 13 during the heat treatment and provided just above the furnace, connected to the auxiliary safety chimneys 42 from which the formed vapors exit.
- the second tubular body 1 1 also comprises means for modulating, also not shown for simplicity, of the microwave power E operatively connected to the microwave heating sources 14: they may be able to modulate the microwave power E by modulating the supply of electrical power of the microwave heating sources 14 and by activating the operation of only part of the microwave heating sources 14.
- the auxiliary heating means may appropriately comprise one or more electrical resistors of traditional type or infrared rays, either instead or in combination therewith.
- the movable center shutter 15 shown in detail in figures 13-23 and subject of possible and possibly separate, dedicated and independent patenting by filing a divisional application, conveniently appears as a box-like structure which comprises a fixed outer bearing casing 70 (either monolithic or composite) coupled to the first tubular body 3 and to the second tubular body 1 1 , and a movable inner assembly, indicated as a whole by reference numeral 71 , contained in the fixed outer bearing casing 70 to which it is coupled by means of main guiding means, indicated as a whole by reference numeral 72, and is operatively connected to the second actuating means 16 which enable it to slide vertically and alternately at least between:
- the second actuating means 16 are contained inside the fixed outer bearing casing 70 of the movable center shutter 15, as shown in the sections in figures 14 and 19 and in the exploded views in figures 21 , 22 and 23.
- main guiding means 72 are preferably arranged in the inner longitudinal surface 75a, 76a of two mutually opposite side walls 75, 76 of the fixed outer bearing casing 70 and cooperate with a transverse rod 77 belonging to the movable inner assembly 71 of the movable center shutter 15 and operatively connected to the second actuating means 16.
- main guiding means 72 preferentially comprise:
- the two vertical plates 78, 79 are arranged in the upper middle line of each of the two mutually opposite lateral sides 75, 76 of the fixed outer bearing casing 70: this constructional detail is emphasized because it is of some relevance in relation to a further constructional assembly belonging to the movable inner assembly 71 of the movable center shutter 15, which will be described in greater detail below.
- the aforesaid second actuating means 16 comprise a pair of vertically actuated hydraulic actuators 83, 84, which are mutually parallel and spaced apart, each of which is provided with:
- a force piston 87 coupled, near a free end 86a thereof external to the supporting cylinder 85, to one of the ends 77a, 77b of the transverse rod 77.
- the maximum allowable output of the force piston 87 by the supporting cylinder 85 is achieved when the movable inner assembly 71 of the movable center shutter 15 takes the raised position and forms the vertical stop point of the movable inner assembly 71 when passing from the lowered position to the raised position, while the maximum admitted return of the piston force 87 in the supporting cylinder 85 is achieved when the movable inner assembly 71 takes the lowered position and forms the vertical stop point of the movable inner assembly 71 when passing from the raised position to the lowered position.
- the movable inner assembly 71 comprises:
- the driving means 92 in this case, comprise a pair of separate, opposed and mutually facing rise wedges 96, 97, coupled to a base plate 98 operatively connected to the transverse rod 77.
- Each of such rise wedges 96, 97 is provided with a sloping surface 96a, 97a, which cooperates by sliding, respectively, with the side wall 93a, 94a of the idle rollers 93, 94 during the passage of the movable inner assembly 71 from the lowered position to the raised position and vice versa to arrange the idle rollers 93, 94:
- the flat contrast surface 99 belongs to a center zone of the base plate 98 (for the idle roller 94), while the flat contrast surface 100 belongs to a laminar fin 101 , projecting from the sloping surface 96a of one of the rise wedges 96, 97 laterally and towards the main development axis of a base plate 98 from which it is separated (for the idle roller 93).
- the idle roller itself will be coupled only to one of the compartmenting shutters of the movable inner assembly, provided that the two shutters are mutually integral also in the raising and lowering motion to open and close the through apertures which are presented thereto, respectively.
- the compartmenting bulkheads 88, 89 and the through apertures 90, 91 have in cross section at least partially polygonal profile substantially equal to and mating with that of the shaped carriage 5 and of the profile of the pyrolysis chamber 13, so as to allow the precise sliding passage along the longitudinal axis X of the shaped carriage 5 through the movable center shutter 15.
- figures 13, 21 -23 show that each compartmenting bulkhead 88, 89 has a reticular structure which, at the same time guarantees adequate mechanical strength or reinforcement for the movable center shutter 15 and offers the possibility to position refractory material resistant to high temperatures inside it, as will soon be described in greater detail.
- the movable inner assembly 71 also comprises:
- the shaped closure wedges 102 and 103 cooperate respectively with the first pair of shaped pressing wedges 106, 107 and with the second pair of pressing wedges 108, 109 to ensure a tight closing of the through apertures 90, 91 , as well as of the axial outlet mouth 73 of the first tubular body 3 and of the axial inlet mouth 74 of the second tubular body 1 1 facing such through apertures 90, 91 .
- each of the compartmenting bulkheads 88, 89 comprises an inner laminar plate 1 10 supporting two of said shaped pressing wedges 106, 107 and 108, 109, and a three-dimensional reticular body 1 1 1 coupled with the inner laminar plate 1 10.
- compartmenting bulkhead 88 supports the shaped pressing wedges 106 and 108, while the compartmenting bulkhead 89 supports the shaped pressing wedges 107 and 109.
- the three-dimensional reticular body 1 1 1 preferably comprises refractory material, such as poured concrete (not shown for simplicity), adapted to protect each of the compartmenting bulkheads 88, 89 against the high temperatures which develop inside the pyrolysis chamber 13 during the pyrolysis treatment.
- each of the shaped closure wedges 102, 103 has in cross section a composite polygonal profile, tapered from the top downwards, comprising at least:
- the first distance is greater than the second distance so that the lateral thrust applied on the respective shaped pressing wedges 106, 107, 108, 109 by the first linear portions 1 12 of the shaped closure wedges 102, 103 is greater than that of the second linear portions 1 14 of the shaped closure wedges 102, 103.
- the feeding means 92 are coupled to an upper wall 103c of the wedge-shaped closure 103, that between the two more smaller according to a vertical direction and that which, to all effects, operatively connects the feeding means 92 to the transverse rod 77.
- FIGS 14, 19, 21 , 22 and 23 show that, even more advantageously but not exclusively, each compartmenting bulkhead 88, 89 is slidably coupled by means of auxiliary guides, designated as a whole by reference numeral 1 15, with a pair of supporting uprights 1 16, 1 17 parallel to each other and spaced apart, interposed between the two mutually opposite lateral sides 75, 76 of the fixed outer bearing casing 70 and the compartmenting bulkheads 88, 89 themselves: the supporting uprights 1 16, 1 17 are fixed to a lower plate 86 of the fixed outer bearing casing 70.
- Such auxiliary guiding means 1 15 are therefore conveniently contained in the fixed outer bearing casing 70 of the wing of the centerline 15 and hidden from view.
- each of the supporting uprights 1 16, 1 17 has an open-profile linear recess to 1 18, passing through the thickness of the supporting uprights 1 16, 1 17 at the upper end 1 16a, 1 17a: the transverse rod 77 fits inside the through recess linear 1 18 for a respective section when the movable inner assembly 71 takes the lowered position and protrudes from the through linear recess 1 18 during the passage of the movable inner assembly 71 from the lowered position to the raised position described above.
- auxiliary guiding means 1 15 are arranged below the main guiding means 72 and receive two vertical edges 88b, 88c, 89b, 89c mutually opposed to each compartmenting bulkhead 88, 89 when the movable inner assembly 71 takes the lowered position.
- the auxiliary guiding means 1 15 comprise, for each of the supporting uprights 1 16, 1 17, a pair of longitudinal grooves 120, 121 , mutually parallel and placed side-by-side and communicating with the outside frontally and superiorly, in which the vertical edges 88b, 88c and 89b, 89c of the compartmenting bulkheads 88, 89 are engaged.
- figures 22 and 23 and their respective enlargements in figures 22a and 23a show that each of the longitudinal grooves 120, 121 is:
- each of the longitudinal grooves 120, 121 ends at the respective lower end with a curved portion 126 which is closed by the aforesaid limit stop partition 124 and in which each of the vertical edges 88b, 88c and 89b, 89c of the compartmenting bulkheads 88, 89 is forced by the shaped closure wedges 102, 103 in order to further increase the tightness and sealing of the closure of the through apertures 90, 92 present in the compartmenting bulkheads 88, 89.
- Figures 13, 14, 17, 19 and 20 show that, by way of preferred and not binding example, the movable center shutter 15 includes a plurality of interface ducts 127, coupled to the outer wall 70c of the fixed outer bearing casing 70 (more precisely of the side wall 75) of the movable center shutter 15 and arranged for extracting air from the fixed outer bearing casing 70 and for introducing an inert gas (which is typically nitrogen) under pressure in the fixed outer bearing casing 70.
- an inert gas which is typically nitrogen
- the movable shutter 15 itself is also configured as a sort of pressure chamber, in which the nitrogen (introduced at a pressure higher than that of the nitrogen contained in the initial chamber 4 and of the gases in the pyrolysis chamber 13):
- the movable center shutter 15 is a physical structural barrier, resistant to the corrosive agents which are inevitably developed during the pyrolysis process, which is maintained stably in position, for which the movable inner assembly 71 takes the lowered position, when the pyrolysis treatment of the polymeric material is in progress inside the pyrolysis chamber 13, which ensures high safety conditions for operators, personnel and the environment.
- Further constructional embodiments of pyrolysis device of the invention may include that the movable center shutter comprises a number of interface ducts different from that shown in the accompanying figures, because this number may vary according to the requirements starting from one.
- the outer fixed bearing casing 70 of the movable center shutter 15 has in an upper lamina 128, a through slot 129 which promotes the extraction, for any reason, of the movable inner assembly 71 of the movable shutter 15 and/or the inspection, maintenance, repair and/or replacement of the inner volume of the outer fixed bearing casing 70 or of the components of the movable inner assembly 71 .
- the outer fixed bearing casing 70 of the movable center shutter 15 has in the side surface 70d one or more revolving service doors 130 to allow the access, inspection, maintenance, repair and/or replacement of the components of the movable inner assembly 71 or the simple cleaning of the inside of the outer fixed bearing casing 70.
- the fixed outer bearing casing of the movable center shutter may have a different number of service through holes from that shown in accompanying figures because this number may vary according to design choices and/or operating requirements, starting from one.
- the movable center shutter 15 also comprises, within its box-like structure, a sealing gasket 131 made of soft (e.g. elastomeric) material of inflatable type, interposed between the movable inner assembly 71 and the fixed outer bearing casing 70, as shown in the enlarged detail in figure 16a.
- a sealing gasket 131 made of soft (e.g. elastomeric) material of inflatable type, interposed between the movable inner assembly 71 and the fixed outer bearing casing 70, as shown in the enlarged detail in figure 16a.
- the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention also comprises a metal sealing gasket 132, also shown in the enlarged detail in figure 16a, arranged on the outside of the box structure of the movable center shutter 15 and, more particularly, interposed between the fixed outer bearing casing 70 of the fixed outer bearing casing 70 and the second tubular body 1 1 .
- More than one sealing gasket made of soft material and one metal sealing gasket may be present in alternative embodiments, not shown, of the pyrolysis device of the present invention.
- Figure 24 shows a first possible variant of the invention in which the pyrolysis device, designated here as a whole by reference numeral 200, differs from that previously described designated by reference numeral 1 primarily due to the fact that both the first tubular body 202 and the second tubular body 210 consist of a pair of modular elements flanged to each other which doubles the length thereof with respect to that of the corresponding components 2 and 1 1 of the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention: this provides an alternative industrial device which, by virtue of this constructional arrangement, has a greater production capacity than that of the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention.
- the pyrolysis device 1 described above also comprises two third tubular bodies 216, 217 arranged in series and coaxial with each other and with the second tubular body 210 and the first tubular body 202, along the longitudinal axis X.
- Both the third tubular bodies (or tubular extension bodies, in the specific case) 216, 217 are arranged in mutually axial and consecutive manner downstream of the second tubular body 210 from which are physically separated and with which only the third tubular body 216 directly and temporarily communicates.
- the third tubular bodies 216, 217 are also physically separated and made independent from one another by the closure means, indicated as a whole by reference numeral 21 1 , which, in given operating conditions, are put temporarily in communication: in essence, therefore, these closure means 21 1 , which, as will be explained shortly, comprise compartmenting doors, perform the function of hermetically separating, for a given interval of time, the interior of the process chambers (or cells) of the pyrolysis device 200 from one another, while inside them, in particular inside the pyrolysis chamber 212, the respective treatment provided by the process itself is performed.
- closure means 21 1 isolate and make the process chambers of the pyrolysis device 200 mutually independent in relation to the environmental conditions which are generated inside them, such as developed aggressive gases, pressures, temperatures and anything else.
- the third extension tubular body 216 has a final cooling chamber 218 which receives the shaped carriage 204 containing the residues of the newly treated polymeric material exiting from the pyrolysis chamber 212 of the second tubular body 210, while the third extension tubular body 217 (in series and successive to the third tubular body 216) has a final cooling chamber 219 which also receives the shaped carriage 204 coming from the final cooling chamber 218 of the third tubular body 216.
- the shaped carriage 204 continues always forwards along the longitudinal axis X, during the cycle of pyrolysis, without ever traveling backwards, as occurs for the shaped carriage 5 of the pyrolysis device 1 .
- the third tubular extension body 216 (and thus the third tubular extension body 217 successive to and distinct from it) is arranged downstream of the second tubular body 210 from a constructional, not only from a functional, point of view, always advancing in any case following a single direction, given by the arrow H in figure 24, along the longitudinal axis X.
- the third tubular body 216 is thus a distinct and separate mechanical piece from the first tubular body 202 (unlike the third tubular body of the pyrolysis device 1 which could be defined as such by semantic artifice only which is perfectly valid and verified from the functional point of view, as mentioned) and from the second tubular body 210 with respect to which it is:
- the pyrolysis device 200 of the invention has a high productive capacity, certainly greater than that of the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention described before, because it allows continuously loading the initial chamber 203 with a shaped carriage 204 filled with polymeric material to be treated, while at the same time, the next pyrolysis chamber 212 is processing the polymeric material contained in another shaped carriage 204 and the next final cooling chambers 218, 219 are finishing the complete pyrolysis cycle on the polymeric material already treated (or subjected to pyrolysis) and contained in the other shaped carriages 204, thus eliminating the operation downtimes which are encountered, instead, in the pyrolysis device 1 of the invention when the shaped carriage 5, with the polymeric material already been treated, returns into initial chamber 4 from the pyrolysis chamber 13.
- both the third tubular body 216 and the third tubular body 217 of pyrolysis device 200 of the invention have a constructional structure substantially equal to that of the first tubular body 202, in which the final chamber cooling of 218 and 219 is subjected to the action of cooling devices (not shown for simplicity) adapted to cool the residues deriving from the thermal pyrolysis treatment performed on the polymeric material.
- the closure means 21 1 physically separate also the third tubular extension body 216 from the third tubular extension body 217, with the latter normally closed at a first head 217a.
- the closure means 21 1 firstly comprise a first auxiliary movable center shutter 221 interposed between the second tubular body 202 and the third tubular body 216, opposite to and facing the movable center shutter 214 and cooperating with third actuating means (not shown in the accompanying figures but of the same type as the second actuating means 16 provided on the movable shutter 15 of the pyrolysis device 1 ).
- the third actuating means move the first auxiliary movable shutter 221 alternately between a closed position, in which the first auxiliary movable shutter 221 keeps the pyrolysis chamber 212 and the final cooling chamber 218 mutually insulated (and hermetically closes the third tubular body 216 at least at the height of the second head 216b), and an open position in which the first auxiliary movable shutter 221 connects the pyrolysis chamber 212 to the chamber cooling end 218 (which in figure 24 is the last chamber of the cycle).
- the first rear movable shutter 221 is arranged at the inlet mouth of the third tubular body 216 and the outlet mouth 220 of the second tubular body 210 from which the shaped carriage 204 exits at the end of the pyrolysis treatment in the pyrolysis chamber 212.
- closure means 21 1 firstly also comprise, in this case, a second auxiliary movable center shutter 222 interposed between the third tubular body 216 and the third tubular body 217, opposite to and facing the first movable center shutter 221 and cooperating with fourth actuating means (not shown in the accompanying figures but of the same type as the second actuating means 16 provided on the movable shutter 15 of the pyrolysis device 1 ).
- the third actuating means move the second auxiliary movable shutter 222 alternately between a closing position, in which the first auxiliary movable shutter 221 keeps the pyrolysis chamber 218 and the final cooling chamber 219 mutually insulated and hermetically closes the third tubular body 217 at least at the height of the second head 217b, and an opening position, in which the second auxiliary movable shutter 221 puts the final chamber 218 into communication with the final chamber 219.
- the first auxiliary movable center shutter 221 and the second auxiliary movable center shutter 222 have the same construction as the movable center shutter 214 (which is the possible subject of separate patenting, and therefore protection, as already pointed out above and assumed) thus promoting the creation of economies of scale in their manufacture.
- the third tubular body 217 (the last one of the pyrolysis device 200, following the direction given by arrow H) is provided at the first head 217a of a rear movable shutter 223 operatively connected to third actuating means, not shown, which alternately move between a first position, in which the rear shutter 223 closes from an outer side 219a the final cooling chamber 219, and a second position in which the rear flap 223 opens the final cooling chamber 219 from such an outer side 219a, by putting it into communication with the outside environment for extracting the shaped carriage 204 at the end of the pyrolysis cycle.
- third moving means are installed in both final cooling chambers 218, 219 and at the bottom of the respective tubular extension bodies 216, 217 and are operatively connected to a third driving means, designated as a whole by reference numeral 224, to determine the advancement of the shaped carriage 204 along said longitudinal axis X (and according to the arrow H) from the pyrolysis chamber 212 to the final chamber 218 and from here to the next chamber 219.
- the pyrolysis device may comprise a number of tubular extension bodies, normally closed at a first head and arranged functionally and constructionally downstream of the second tubular body, which is different from two, since this number may vary according to production requirements (and obviously the spaces available at the processing plant), starting from one.
- the movable center shutters 214, 221 and 222 are closed (of course, if they have been left open during the preliminary start-up phase), the last air is extracted from the pyrolysis chamber 212 and the cycle procedure continues.
- both the movable front shutter 207 and the movable rear shutter 223 take the previously defined first position and all the movable center shutters 214, 221 and 222 of the pyrolysis device 200 take the closing position.
- the movable front shutter 207 for entering the initial washing or drainage chamber 203 and the shaped carriage 204 is introduced inside loaded with the polymeric material to be subjected to pyrolysis, accommodated for the treatment.
- the air is extracted and the inert gas is introduced (such as nitrogen, as mentioned), again in this case, advantageously but not necessarily repeating the process several times to replace all the air present in the pyrolysis device 200 with the inert gas, with the appropriate but not absolute arrangement of including a final extraction of the air and of the introduced nitrogen.
- the inert gas such as nitrogen, as mentioned
- auxiliary movable center shutter 221 which puts the cooling chamber 218 into communication with the pyrolysis chamber 212 and by operating automatically by means of the second moving means transfer the shaped carriage 204 into the cooling chamber 218, closing the auxiliary movable shutter 221 again at the end of transfer along the longitudinal axis X, according to the arrow H.
- the shaped carriage 204 is then left in the cooling chamber 218 for the time necessary to cool the process residues, while maintaining the vacuum inside it to extract of emanated gases.
- the shaped carriage 204 is then transferred to the final cooling chamber 219, by virtue of the actuation of the third moving means and from here towards the outside after having completed the pyrolysis cycle.
- a washing cycle is performed with suction and introduction of nitrogen into the cooling chamber 218, then balancing the pressure with the outside environment and finally opening the rear shutter 223.
- the operation of the pyrolysis device 1 of the present invention is substantially the same as that just described for the pyrolysis device 200, especially from the point of view of the operation of the single process cells (or chambers) 4 and 13 and of the movement therebetween of the shaped carriage 5 by means of the opening and closing cycles of the movable center shutter 14 which can be obtained by actuating the second actuating means 16.
- the shaped carriage 5 is smaller in size than the shaped carriage 204, because the initial chamber 4 is smaller than the initial room 203: therefore, the shaped carriage 5 may contain a smaller amount of ELTs than shaped carriage 204.
- each initial washing or drainage chamber and each final cooling chamber may have, in other embodiments of the pyrolysis device of the present invention not accompanied herein by reference to figures, a modular composition different from that shown in the accompanying figures, according to the amount of polymeric material that it is desired to process in the unit of time (in other words, according to production efficiency needs) and the consequent overall duration of the processing cycle.
- the pyrolysis device may comprise a number of microwave heating sources coupled to the second tubular body different from that shown in the figures of these drawings, because this number may vary according to production requirements, design choices and constructional concept, starting from one.
- the first tubular body and/or the second tubular body may be provided with a number of interface chimneys different from that one previously described and shown in the accompanying drawings, since such a number also vary in this case according to requirements and design and operational choices, starting from one.
- the variability of the number of such interface chimneys also depends on the fact that the use thereof could not be finalized only at replacing the air with an inert gas in the initial washing or drainage chamber, in the pyrolysis chamber (at least before performing the pyrolysis treatment therein) and/or in the at least one final cooling chamber but also to the installation of measuring instruments which may be deemed useful to the control of the process in progress.
- Alternative and optional embodiments of the invention may provide that only the first body or only the second tubular body comprise one or more interface chimneys for extracting air from the respective process chambers or introducing nitrogen therein.
- only the initial chamber or only the pyrolysis chamber may require the replacement of air with an inert gas through the interface chimneys.
- the pyrolysis device of the invention lends itself to exploit at least part of the process for the pyrolysis of end-of-life tires (ELTs) described in the patent document published under WO2012/220991 A1 , the teachings of which are incorporated by reference in the present description.
- ELTs end-of-life tires
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT102018000003163A IT201800003163A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 | 2018-03-01 | PYROLYSIS DEVICE |
IT102018000005441A IT201800005441A1 (en) | 2018-05-16 | 2018-05-16 | PYROLYSIS DEVICE |
PCT/IB2019/051611 WO2019166980A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-02-28 | Pyrolysis device |
Publications (1)
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EP3759197A1 true EP3759197A1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19712847.3A Pending EP3759197A1 (en) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-02-28 | Pyrolysis device |
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US (1) | US20200407643A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3759197A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3126208A1 (en) |
MA (1) | MA52420A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2019166980A1 (en) |
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CN111100662B (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2021-07-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Continuous operation method for microwave pyrolysis of waste plastics |
US11920004B2 (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2024-03-05 | Environmental Waste International, Inc. | Hybrid processing of waste material |
US11712682B2 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2023-08-01 | Kuan-Hsin Chen | Catalyst, pyrolysis device and pyrolysis method |
CN112730504B (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2023-06-23 | 华北理工大学 | High-temperature pyrolysis test cabin system and high-temperature pyrolysis test method |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4402791A (en) * | 1981-08-10 | 1983-09-06 | Brewer John C | Apparatus for pyrolyzing shredded tires |
US4507174A (en) * | 1983-05-10 | 1985-03-26 | Kutrieb Wolfgang A | Tire pyrolizing |
US5366595A (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1994-11-22 | Padgett Michael A | Mobile apparatus for pyrolyzing carbonaceous material and related method |
EP0724008B1 (en) * | 1995-01-25 | 2003-05-28 | O.E.T. CALUSCO S.r.l. | Method and plant for the pyrolytic treatment of waste containing organic material, particularly for treating municipal solid waste |
US5802993A (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-09-08 | Meador; W. R. | Pyrolysis system and method |
US6244198B1 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-12 | Bcde Group Waste Management Ltd., Oy | Method and equipment for pyrolytic treatment of organic material |
EP2476483A1 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2012-07-18 | Micro Recovery Solutions LLC | Recycling and material recovery system and method associated therewith |
CA2741882C (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2018-07-03 | Environmental Waste International Inc. | Apparatus and process for the controlled reduction of organic material via microwave radiation |
BR102013001286A2 (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2015-05-12 | Usina 01 Reciclagem De Produtos Sólidos Ltda | Pyrolysis reactor and automation system |
DE102016111169B4 (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2019-04-25 | ZMK Technologies GmbH | Valve with erosion protection device |
US11111439B1 (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2021-09-07 | Microwave Renewable Technologies | Microwave apparatus for pyrolyzing carbonaceous material and related method |
-
2019
- 2019-02-28 MA MA052420A patent/MA52420A/en unknown
- 2019-02-28 US US16/976,598 patent/US20200407643A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-02-28 EP EP19712847.3A patent/EP3759197A1/en active Pending
- 2019-02-28 CA CA3126208A patent/CA3126208A1/en active Pending
- 2019-02-28 WO PCT/IB2019/051611 patent/WO2019166980A1/en unknown
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WO2019166980A1 (en) | 2019-09-06 |
MA52420A (en) | 2021-01-06 |
US20200407643A1 (en) | 2020-12-31 |
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