EP3743651A1 - Procede et systeme de traitement de gaz d'une installation de stockage de gaz pour un navire de transport de gaz - Google Patents
Procede et systeme de traitement de gaz d'une installation de stockage de gaz pour un navire de transport de gazInfo
- Publication number
- EP3743651A1 EP3743651A1 EP19701513.4A EP19701513A EP3743651A1 EP 3743651 A1 EP3743651 A1 EP 3743651A1 EP 19701513 A EP19701513 A EP 19701513A EP 3743651 A1 EP3743651 A1 EP 3743651A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- tank
- lng
- temperature
- lpg
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 302
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 234
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 claims description 169
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 34
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 34
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 7
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- -1 propylene, ethylene Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
- F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
- F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
- B63J2/14—Heating; Cooling of liquid-freight-carrying tanks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0209—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene
- F02M21/0212—Hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. methane or acetylene comprising at least 3 C-Atoms, e.g. liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], propane or butane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/0287—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers characterised by the transition from liquid to gaseous phase ; Injection in liquid phase; Cooling and low temperature storage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
- F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
- F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
- F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
- F25J1/0075—Oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
- F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
- F25J1/0082—Methane
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
- F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
- F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
- F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
- F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
- F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
- F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
- F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B63J2099/001—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse
- B63J2099/003—Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse of cargo oil or fuel, or of boil-off gases, e.g. for propulsive purposes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
- F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
- F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/041—Stratification
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
- F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2225/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
- F17C2225/041—Stratification
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
- F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
- F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
- F17C2225/044—Localisation of the filling point in the gas at several points, e.g. with a device for recondensing gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
- F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
- F17C2225/046—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid
- F17C2225/047—Localisation of the filling point in the liquid with a dip tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0171—Arrangement
- F17C2227/0178—Arrangement in the vessel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
- F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
- F17C2227/0327—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating with recovery of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
- F17C2227/0355—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0358—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
- F17C2227/036—"Joule-Thompson" effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
- F17C2227/0365—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling with recovery of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
- F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0626—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
- F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
- F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
- F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
- F17C2265/035—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with subcooling the liquid phase
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/036—Treating the boil-off by recovery with heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
- F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
- F17C2265/037—Treating the boil-off by recovery with pressurising
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/07—Generating electrical power as side effect
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
- F17C2270/0105—Ships
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
- F25J2210/62—Liquefied natural gas [LNG]; Natural gas liquids [NGL]; Liquefied petroleum gas [LPG]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/64—Propane or propylene
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/66—Butane or mixed butanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
- F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
- F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
- Y02T70/50—Measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to the propulsion system
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a system for the treatment of gas of a gas storage facility, in particular on board a ship, such as a liquefied gas transport vessel whose installation operates on gas from the cargo. stored on the ship.
- liquefied gas liquefied natural gas
- LPG liquefied petroleum gas
- SOx sulfur oxides
- NOx nitrogen oxide
- Liquefied natural gas vapors are used to power the aforementioned power generation facility.
- means such as a pump immersed in the tank are actuated to provide more fuel gas after evaporation.
- forced The forced evaporation is carried out in particular from hot water which is heated by oil or a gas burner. All the cold of liquefied natural gas is lost during this operation.
- the excess gas is usually burned in a gas combustion unit, which represents a loss of cargo.
- the improvement of liquefied natural gas reservoirs is such that the rates of natural evaporation (BOR - acronym for Boil-Off Failed) of liquefied gases are becoming lower. Also, the machines of a ship are more and more powerful. This has the consequence, in each of the first and second cases mentioned above, that the difference is very large between the amount of natural gas produced by evaporation and that required by the installation of a ship.
- liquefied petroleum gases With regard to liquefied petroleum gases, the natural evaporation of the gases is inevitable and occurs, for example, during loading operations in their storage tanks, ship travel or tank cooling following exchanges of heat between the tanks. and the external environment.
- the evaporation of the gases is managed by one or more reliquefaction system (s) making it possible to limit the natural evaporation of the liquefied gas while keeping it in a thermodynamic state allowing it to be stored in a sustainable manner and by controlling the pressure in the storage tank. storage.
- ships carrying liquefied petroleum gas are not able today to burn the vapors of liquefied petroleum gas.
- the reliquefaction systems extract the gas vapors from the tanks, reliquefy them, and return them to the storage tank. This or these reliquefaction systems can represent an investment of the order of 5 to 10% of the price of the ship.
- the present invention proposes to provide a simple, effective and economical solution for managing natural or forced evaporation of gas in the tanks or vessels and the energy requirements of a particular storage facility on a ship regardless of the conditions of travel operation, cooling tanks or tanks and loading liquefied gases into the tanks.
- the invention proposes a method for treating gas in a gas storage installation, the installation comprising a tank in which a first gas is stored and a tank in which a second gas is stored, the second gas having a boiling temperature lower than that of the first gas, the process comprising a reliquefaction step in which vapors of the first gas flowing in a first circuit from the tank are reliqued by heat exchange with the second gas in the state a liquid having an inlet temperature and flowing in a second circuit, the vapors of the first reliqued gas being transferred to the vessel and the second gas being maintained in the liquid state at an outlet temperature after reliquefaction and returned to the reservoir, the heat exchange between the first gas and the second gas being carried out so that a temperature of the vapor of the first gas reliqued is between a first threshold value and a second threshold value.
- the invention makes it possible to manage the vapors of the first gas by using the cold of the second gas, which is intended to supply the gas storage installation, which makes it possible to have an efficient, economical system while reducing NOx emissions. and SOx).
- liquefying the vapors of the first gas with the second gas in the liquid state intended to return to the tank makes it possible to reliquefy all the gas vapors generated in the tank of the first gas and at the right temperature.
- the reliquefaction of the first gas vapors is independent of the consumption of the installation.
- the second gas is heated following this heat exchange but is kept liquid so that it can be returned to the tank.
- the method may include one or more of the following features or steps, taken separately or in combination with one another:
- the difference in temperature between the inlet temperature of the second gas before the reliquefaction stage and the outlet temperature of the second gas after the reliquefaction stage is between 20 ° C. and 30 ° C.
- the outlet temperature of the second gas is lower than the vaporization temperature of the second gas at a pressure less than or equal to a maximum permissible pressure of storage of the reservoir
- the vapors of the first reliqued gas are transferred into the tank at a temperature greater than or equal to a minimum temperature value to be supported by the tank;
- the output pressure of the second gas after the reliquefaction of the first gas is 8 bar
- the outlet temperature of the second gas is between -155 ° C. and -105 ° C. at a pressure of between 2 and 20 bars;
- the first exit temperature threshold value of the first gas is substantially close to the liquefaction temperature of the first gas at atmospheric pressure and the second threshold temperature is lower than the first threshold value of 10 ° C to 40 ° C at atmospheric pressure
- the first threshold value is of the order of -40 ° C. and the second threshold value is of the order of -50 ° C.
- the second gas is extracted from the bottom of the tank
- the heat exchange during the reliquefaction stage is carried out during a loading operation of the first gas or during a cooling operation of the tank,
- the first gas is a liquefied petroleum gas
- the second gas is a liquefied natural gas.
- the invention also relates to a gas treatment system of a gas storage facility, the system comprising:
- a heat exchanger configured to reliquefier at least a portion of the vapors of the first gas by heat exchange with the second gas in the liquid state, the vapors of the first reliquefied gas being transferred into the tank and the second gas being maintained in the liquid state at an outlet temperature after the reliquefaction and returned to the tank, and for a vapor outlet temperature of the first gas to be between a first threshold value and a second threshold value.
- the device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following features, taken separately from one another or in combination with one another:
- the heat exchanger is configured so that the temperature difference between the inlet temperature of the second gas before the reliquefaction stage and the outlet temperature after the reliquefaction stage is between 5 ° C. and 55 ° C. C
- the system comprises a compressor installed upstream of the first circuit so as to compress the vapor of the first gas to be extracted from the tank before the heat exchange,
- the second circuit forms with conduits each connected to the reservoir and the second circuit forms a closed circuit
- the first gas is a liquefied petroleum gas
- the second gas is a liquefied natural gas.
- the invention also relates to a liquefied gas transport vessel, comprising at least one system having any of the above characteristics.
- the invention proposes a method for treating gas of a gas storage installation, in particular onboard a ship, the method comprising the following steps:
- the first subcooled gas which is stored at the bottom of the tank or tank can create a cooling capacity that can be used subsequently, the cold reserve being kept at the bottom of the tank or reservoir in a sustainable manner.
- This cold reserve may be used for example to reliquefier vapors of the first gas in the tank and / or reduce the pressure in the tank and when necessary.
- This reserve of cold can also be used without the need to power the installation or operate heat exchangers.
- the method may include one or more of the following features or steps, taken separately or in combination with one another:
- the first gas is sub-cooled at a temperature greater than or equal to a minimum temperature value to be supported by the tank or the tank;
- the cold reserve layer is located in the first or second tank or first or second tank below an amount of the first gas, forming a liquid-liquid interface
- the first gas, in the sub-cooled liquid state is transferred into the first or second tank or first or second tank via a pipe that opens into the bottom of the first or second tank or first or second tank,
- the first gas stored in the cold reserve layer of the first or second tank or first or second tank is used for cooling a gas in the vapor state
- the gas in the vapor state is the first gas in the vapor state situated in the upper part of the tank or tank and the first gas in the liquid state,
- the first gas stored in the cold reserve layer is pulverized in the first or second tanks or first or second tanks and in the layer of the first gas in the vapor state
- the first gas stored in the cold reserve layer is extracted from the bottom of one of the tanks or tanks and reliquifies the first gas in the vapor state through a heat exchanger
- the first gas, in the liquid state, undercooled is stored in the cold reserve layer when a pressure measured in the tank or tank is lower than a first predetermined pressure threshold value of the tank or tank, the first predetermined threshold value is for example between 1 and 1, 05 bar absolute,
- said lower portion extends over approximately less than 30% of the height of the tank or tank measured from its bottom, said bottom being the lower end of the tank or tank,
- the first gas, in the liquid state, undercooled is stored in the cold reserve layer at a temperature between a liquefaction temperature of the first gas less about 5 ° C at atmospheric pressure and a liquefaction temperature minus about 10 ° C, the first gas in the liquid state remaining in the first or second tank or first or second tank being at a temperature above the liquefaction temperature of the first gas,
- the first sub-cooled gas, in the liquid state is stored in the cold reserve layer at a temperature between -45 ° and -55 ° C, the first gas in the liquid state remaining in the first or second when the first or second tank is at a temperature greater than or equal to -42 ° C, the first sub-cooled gas is stored in the cold reserve layer at a temperature of -160 ° and -170 ° C, the first gas in the liquid state remaining in the tank or tank being at a temperature greater than or equal to -160 ° C,
- the first subcooling of the first gas is carried out with a second gas at least in the liquid state extracted from a reservoir, the second gas having a boiling temperature lower than or equal to that of the first gas,
- the method comprises a vaporization or heating of the second gas which is heated or vaporized by heat exchange during the first subcooling of the first gas so as to supply the installation, the installation controls a flow rate of the second gas to be vaporized or heated when spraying,
- the first subcooling of the first gas is carried out with the first gas extracted from the tank which is expanded and partially vaporized
- the second gas extracted from the tank is expanded and partially vaporized before heat exchange during the first subcooling
- the second gas extracted from the tank is subcooled by heat exchange with the second gas expanded and partially vaporized, a second subcooling of the first gas is carried out after the first subcooling,
- the second gas used for the second subcooling is extracted from the bottom of the tank, or is subcooled,
- the first and / or second subcooling is performed outside the first and second tanks and / or first and second tanks,
- the heat exchange during the first subcooling or the second subcooling between the first gas and the second gas is carried out so that a subcooling temperature of the first gas is between a first threshold value and a second threshold value, the outlet temperature of the second gas after the second subcooling is between -155 ° and -105 ° C at a pressure of between 2 and 20 bar,
- the second heated, vaporized or partially vaporized gas is heated to supply the installation
- the method further comprises a reliquefaction step in which vapors of the first gas flowing in a first circuit from the vessel are reliqued by heat exchange with the second gas in the liquid state having an inlet temperature and flowing in a second circuit, the vapors of the first gas reliquefiés being transferred into the tank and the second gas being maintained in the liquid state at an outlet temperature after the reliquefaction and returned to the tank, the heat exchange between the first gas and the second a gas being produced so that an exit temperature of the vapors of the first reliqued gas is between a first threshold value and a second threshold value,
- the vapors of the first gas are reliqued when a pressure measured in the tank or tank is greater than a second predetermined pressure threshold value of the tank or tank,
- the second threshold value is for example between 1 and 1, 05 bar absolute,
- the second heated gas is compressed so as to supply the installation
- the first gas is a liquefied natural gas or a liquefied petroleum gas
- the second gas is a liquefied natural gas
- the present invention also relates to a gas treatment system of a gas storage installation, in particular on a ship, the system comprising:
- a first heat exchanger configured to perform a first subcooling of the first gas extracted from the tank, in the liquid state, or reservoir, by a first pipe
- a second pipe connected to the first heat exchanger opens in the lower part of the tank or tank or another tank or tank so as to store the first subcooled gas at the bottom of the tank to form a reserve layer cold from the first gas to the liquid state.
- the device according to the invention may comprise one or more of the following features, taken separately from one another or in combination with one another:
- the first gas is stored in the same tank or the same tank from which it is extracted,
- the device comprises a reservoir in which a second gas is stored in the liquid state, the second gas having a boiling temperature less than or equal to that of the first gas,
- the second gas in the liquid state circulates in a second pipe connected with the first heat exchanger so as to carry out the first subcooling of the first gas
- the device comprises a second heat exchanger configured to perform a second subcooling of the first gas with the second gas in the liquid state
- the bottom of the tank or tank comprises an outlet connected to a first end of a pipe, the pipe comprising a second end coupled to a spray boom installed in the upper part of the tank or tank,
- depressurization means are mounted upstream of the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger is configured to supply the second gas at an outlet temperature of between -155 ° and -105 ° C. at a pressure of between 2 and 20 bar,
- the device comprises a third heat exchanger configured to reliquefier at least a portion of the vapors of the first gas by heat exchange with the second gas in the liquid state, the vapors of the first reliquefied gas being transferred into the tank and the second gas being maintained in the liquid state at an outlet temperature after the reliquefaction and returned to the reservoir, and for a vapor outlet temperature of the first gas to be between a first threshold value and a second threshold value,
- the device comprises a fourth heat exchanger configured to partially vaporize the second gas flowing in a primary circuit and to subcool the second gas circulating in a secondary circuit,
- the primary circuit is arranged downstream of the depressurization means and upstream of the first heat exchanger (depending on the direction of the circulation of the fluid in the heat exchanger),
- the secondary circuit is arranged upstream of the second heat exchanger (according to the direction of the circulation of the fluid in the heat exchanger),
- a compressor is intended to compress the second heated or vaporized gas
- the first gas is a liquefied natural gas or a liquefied petroleum gas
- the second gas is a liquefied natural gas
- the invention also relates to a liquefied gas transport vessel, comprising at least one system having any of the above characteristics.
- FIG. 1 represents an embodiment of a gas treatment system according to the invention, which here equips a gas storage installation, in particular on a ship,
- FIG. 2 represents another embodiment of a gas treatment system according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents another embodiment of a gas treatment system according to the invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of a gas treatment system according to the invention
- FIG. 5 is a variant of the embodiment of FIG. 4, and
- FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of a gas treatment system according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a gas treatment system 1 of a gas storage installation 2 according to the invention.
- This treatment system allows the cooling of one or more gases and / or a reliquefaction of vapors of one or more gases and / or the vaporization or heating of one or more gases.
- reaction we mean in the present invention the condensation of the vapors of a gas making it possible to bring it back to a liquid state.
- the system 1 is installed on a ship, such as a gas transport vessel, in particular of the Very Large Gas Carrier (VLGC) type.
- VLGC Very Large Gas Carrier
- Ships of this type have a capacity of the order of 80000 m3.
- a power generation facility is provided to meet the energy requirements of the operation of the vessel, in particular for the propulsion of the vessel and / or the production of electricity for the equipment. on board.
- the gas storage facility 2 may be the power generation facility.
- Such an installation commonly includes thermal machines 3, such as the engine of the ship consuming gas from the cargo of gas transported in the tank or tanks of the vessel.
- the gas or gases are stored in the liquid state in several tanks 4 or tanks 5 at very low temperature, or even at cryogenic temperatures.
- the tanks 4 and the tanks 5 can each contain a gas under liquefied form or in the liquid state at a predetermined pressure and temperature.
- One or more tanks 4 and / or tanks 5 of the ship may be connected to the installation 2 by the system 1 according to the invention.
- Each tank and reservoir comprise for this purpose an envelope intended to isolate the stored gases at their storage temperature of the external environment.
- the vessel is loaded with natural gas (NG) stored in a tank 5 and petroleum gases (GP) stored in one or more tanks 4.
- NG natural gas
- GP petroleum gases
- Each tank and / or tank 4, 5 can have a capacity of between 1000 to 50,000 m3.
- the number of tanks 4 and tanks 5 is not limiting. It is for example between 1 and 6. In the remainder of the description, the terms "the tank” and “the tank” should be interpreted respectively as “the or each tank” and “the or each tank”.
- Natural gas is, for example, methane or a mixture of gases comprising methane.
- the natural gas is stored in the liquid state 5a in the tank for example at a cryogenic temperature of the order of -160 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- Natural gas in the liquid state or liquefied natural gas 5a is labeled "LNG”.
- the tank 5 also comprises gas vapors 5b resulting from an evaporation, in particular a natural evaporation, of the LNG in the tank.
- Evaporation or vapor 5b is designated by the sign "BOG” or "NBOG” for natural evaporation contrary to "FBOG” for forced evaporation.
- the LNG 5a is stored, of course, at the bottom of the tank 5 while the LNG BOG 5b are located above the N1 level of LNG 5a in the tank, called sky gas.
- the BOG 5b of LNG in the tank is due to the heat inputs of the external environment inside the tank 5 and movements of the LNG 5a within the tank 5 due to the movements of the sea for example.
- Petroleum gas (GP) includes propane, butane, propylene, ammonia, ethane, propylene, ethylene, or a gas mixture comprising these compositions.
- the petroleum gas is stored in the liquid state 4a in the tank 4 at a temperature of the order of -42 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- Petroleum gas in the liquid state 4a or liquefied petroleum gas is labeled "LPG".
- the tank 4 also comprises gas vapors 4b which results from an evaporation, in particular a natural evaporation, of the LPG in the tank.
- the LPG 4a is stored, naturally, at the bottom of the tank 4 while the LPG gas vapors are located above the N2 level of the LPG 4a in the tank, in the gaseous sky.
- LPG LPG
- NBOG NBOG
- the evaporation of LPG (BOG or NBOG) in the tank 4 is also due to the heat inputs of the external environment inside the tank, to the movements of fluid during the voyages (sea, LPG), during the loading of the LPG in the tank 4 and during the cooling of the tank for bring the temperature of the tank to an equilibrium temperature.
- the tank When loading the LPG, the tank includes a large amount of BOG which comes from the cooling of the tank and also the NBOG generated by the LPG which is heated in the tank. The vapors due to cooling are not reliqued by the LPG loaded in the tank.
- the loading operation lasts approximately 18 hours. About 13900 kg / h of BOG is generated in the tank. The pressure in the tank is kept above atmospheric pressure when the tank is loaded.
- the system 1 represented comprises four tanks 4 of LPG and a tank 5 of LNG.
- the system 1 also comprises a heat exchanger 6 which allows heat exchanges between the vapors 5b of LNG, the LPG vapors 4b, the liquid LPG 4a and the liquid LNG 5a.
- the heat exchanger 6 comprises several circuits or ducts, here at least a first circuit 6a, a second circuit 6b, a first duct 6c, and a second duct 6d, in which circulate GN or GP to liquid state or vapors.
- the heat exchanger 6 is configured so that the first circuit 6a exchanges heat with the second circuit 6b to maintain the LNG from the tank in the liquid state and reliquefierf gases 4b LPG from the tank 4 simultaneously.
- the LNG at the outlet of the heat exchanger 6, in particular second circuit 6b, is sent into the tank 5 and LPG vapors reliquefiees are sent into the tank 4.
- the tank 4 comprises an outlet which is connected to a first end of a first pipe 7 in which circulates 4b LPG.
- the outlet of the tank 4 is located in the upper part of the tank 4 where the gas is located with the vapors 4b (NBOG) of LPG.
- the first pipe 7 is connected to an inlet of a compressor 8 which circulates the LPG vapor 4b in the first pipe 7.
- the latter comprises a second end which is connected to an inlet of the first circuit 6a.
- LPG vapors are intended to be reliqued by heat exchange with the cold of the LNG and to maintain LNG in the liquid state.
- An outlet of the first circuit 6a is connected to a first end of a second pipe 9 in which the reliqued LPG vapor circulates.
- the second pipe 9 comprises a second end which is immersed in the LPG or which is connected to a plunger 9a immersed in the tank.
- the second pipe 9 is connected to a LPG spray boom 10.
- the ramp 10 is arranged in the tank 4 and in the upper part thereof, along a vertical axis in the plane of Figure 1, so as to spray the LPG vapor reliquefied in the gas sky LPG. This makes it possible to force the recondensation of the NBOG in the tank.
- the system 1 includes pumps that are installed in the tank 5 to extract the LNG therefrom.
- a first pump 1 1 a and a second pump 1 1 b are immersed in the LNG, and are preferably located at the bottom of the tank 5 to ensure that they are fed only LNG.
- the first pump 1 1 a is connected to a first end of a third pipe 12.
- the first pump 1 1 a makes it possible to force the circulation of LNG in the third pipe 12.
- the volume flow rate of the LNG of this first pump 1 1 a is of the order of 130 m3 / h.
- the second end of this third pipe 12 is connected to an inlet of the second circuit 6b in which LNG 5a flows from the tank 5.
- the second circuit 6b comprises an outlet connected to a first end of a fourth pipe 13 in which also circulates LNG 5a.
- the fourth pipe 13 comprises a second end which is connected to the tank 5.
- the third and fourth pipes 12, 13 allow recirculation of the LNG from the tank to the tank through the heat exchanger 6. More precisely still, the second circuit 6b, the third and fourth lines 12, 13 form a closed circuit.
- LNG is removed from the tank at a temperature of -160 ° C.
- the LNG output temperature and / or the LNG output pressure are controlled so that the LNG does not vaporise when exchanging heat with LPG vapors.
- a temperature sensor is provided, for example on the fourth pipe 13, to control the temperature of the LNG returned to the tank.
- the predetermined output temperature of the LNG is lower, for example by 5 ° C., from the evaporation temperature of the LNG to an authorized storage tank pressure value, for example of the order of 8 bars.
- the storage pressure of the tank 5 to contain the LNG is between 2 and 20 bar.
- the outlet pressure of the LNG of the heat exchanger 6 must be less than the maximum storage pressure of the tank.
- the LNG is thus heated without being vaporized.
- the output temperature of the reliqued LPG vapors is between a first threshold value and a second threshold value.
- the first exit temperature threshold value of the LPG gas is substantially close to its liquefaction temperature at atmospheric pressure and the second threshold temperature is lower than the first threshold value of 10 ° C to 40 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- the first threshold value is -40 ° while the second threshold value is of the order of -55 ° C.
- the exit temperature of the reliqued gas vapors is of the order of -42 ° C.
- This heat exchange allows the LPG vapors to be reliqued at a suitable temperature which is not too cold, in particular which is greater than or equal to a minimum temperature value to be supported by the tank 4.
- the above-mentioned temperature values for the GPL in this example and in the following description are examples of propane-related temperatures. It is understood that the temperature values of the other LPG compounds apply to the invention.
- the heat exchanger 6 is also configured so that the first duct 6c exchanges heat with the second duct 6d to effect forced evaporation of the LNG from the tank and subcooling the LPG from the tank 4 simultaneously.
- subcooling a lowering of the temperature of the liquefied gas below its liquefaction temperature.
- the liquefied gas is, for example, sub-cooled from about 5 ° C to 20 ° C below its liquefaction temperature. It is understood that the storage of the liquefied gas undercooled in the present invention depends on the storage pressure of the liquefied gas.
- the vaporized LNG (FBOG) is intended to supply the installation 2, and in particular here the engine of the ship.
- the sub-cooled LPG (in the liquid state) is sent into the tank 4.
- the first duct 6c is configured to circulate petroleum gas, and in particular LPG 4b, in the heat exchanger 6.
- the first conduit 6c comprises an inlet which is connected to one end of a fifth pipe 14 in which circulates LPG extracted from the tank.
- the other end of the fifth pipe 14 is connected to a third pump 15 immersed in the LPG.
- This third pump 15 is also installed in the bottom of the tank 4 to take only LPG and circulate the LPG in this pipe 14.
- the first conduit 6c comprises an outlet which is connected to a sixth pipe 16 which is intended to return sub-cooled LPG (in the liquid state) in the tank 4.
- the sixth pipe 16 may be connected to the spray boom or the second pipe 9, or to the plunger 9a to return the LPG in the tank.
- the subcooled LPG is stored at the bottom of the tank 4 in a cold reserve layer 4c located in the interior space of the tank and in the lower part of the tank. This layer 4c can be used later.
- the second end of the pipe 9 or that of the plunger is located in the lower part of the tank 4, along a vertical axis in the plane of Figure 1 to store the LPG subcooled.
- the subcooling takes place outside the tank or any other tank or tank.
- the subcooling is not immersed in a liquefied gas for example.
- the cold reserve layer 4c is located in the interior space of the tank at the bottom of the tank.
- the cold reserve layer is below the LPG of the tank, along a vertical axis with respect to FIG. 1, forming a liquid-liquid interface.
- there is no partition, sub-tank or compartment in the tank which separates the LPG remaining / already in the tank and the sub-cooled LPG stored in this reserve layer.
- the second duct 6d allows a vaporization of the LNG 5a from the tank 5.
- the second pump 1 1b which is immersed in the LNG, is connected to a first end of a seventh pipe 17 in which the LNG flows to , installation 2, here the engine of the ship.
- the second pump 1 1b allows the flow of LNG in the seventh pipe 17 at a volume flow rate lower than that of the first pump 1 1 a.
- the volume flow rate of the LNG in the seventh pipe 17 is of the order of 4 m3 / h.
- a second end of the seventh pipe 17 is connected to an inlet of the second duct 6d.
- the latter comprises an outlet which is connected to an eighth pipe 18 in which LNG vapors 5a formed by heat exchange with LPG circulate for supplying, for example, the engine of the ship.
- LPG liquid propane
- the LNG temperature is rectified by a heater, not shown here, according to engine specifications.
- the output pressure of the LNG for example required by the engine of the ship, is of the order of 17 bars.
- LPG its inlet temperature in the circuit 6c is about 1 bar.
- the outlet temperature of the subcooled LPG is greater than or equal to a minimum temperature value to be supported by the tank or tank.
- the outlet temperature is of the order of -52 ° C (at storage pressure in the tank).
- the LPG vapors are extracted from one tank and the reliqued LPG vapors are sent to another adjacent tank. Similarly, the LPG extracted from a tank and subcooled is returned to the same tank.
- the LPG extracted from a tank and subcooled is returned to the same tank.
- the heat exchanger 6 is separated from the tanks or tank.
- the heat exchanger 6 is disposed outside the tanks and tanks.
- the heat exchanger is not located in another tank or tank where liquefied gas is stored.
- the heat exchanger is a tube, plate or coil exchanger.
- the system 1 comprises several heat exchangers that allow heat exchanges between the vapors of LNG, the vapors of LPG, the LNG and / or LPG.
- This system differs in particular from the first embodiment by the number of heat exchangers.
- the system comprises at least two heat exchangers referred to hereafter as evaporative heat exchanger, main heat exchanger 21.
- evaporative heat exchanger main heat exchanger 21.
- FIG. 2 only one tank 5 and one tank 4 are shown. Of course, the system may include other tanks and tanks.
- the system 1 also includes the pumps 1 1a, 1 1b and 15 which are installed in the tank 5 and in the tank 4.
- a first pump and a second pump are immersed in the LNG, and are preferably located at the bottom of the tank to ensure that they are fed only in LNG.
- the flow rate of the first pump is also about 130 m3 / h and the flow rate of the second pump is about 4 m3 / h.
- the main heat exchanger 21 is configured to reliquefy the LPG vapors 4b by heat exchange with the LNG 5a cold and to maintain the LNG in the liquid state simultaneously.
- the LNG is returned to the tank 5 without being vaporized and the reliqued LPG vapors are returned to the tank 4.
- the main heat exchanger 21 includes the first circuit 6a and the second circuit 6b.
- the first circuit 6a is connected, on the one hand to the first pipe 7 coupled to the tank 4, and on the other hand to the second pipe 9 also coupled to the tank 4.
- a first compressor 8 is also provided on the first pipe 7 to ensure the circulation of LPG vapor 4b therein to the heat exchanger 21.
- the heat exchanger 20 is configured to vaporize the LNG from the tank and to sub-cool the LPG from the tank 4 simultaneously. LNG must undergo forced evaporation to raise the temperature of the LNG to the required temperature, for example for the engine of the ship to be fed with the LNG fumes.
- the heat exchanger 20 comprises the first duct 6c and the second duct 6d.
- the second conduit 6d is connected on the one hand to the seventh pipe 17 connected to the tank and on the other hand to the eighth pipe 18 which transfers the LNG to the engine of the ship.
- the first duct 6c is connected, on the one hand to the first duct 14 coupled to the tank 4, and on the other hand to the sixth duct 16 coupled to the tank 4, and in particular to the bottom of the tank 4.
- the system 1 also comprises a third heat exchanger called auxiliary heat exchanger 22.
- auxiliary heat exchanger 22 allows a second subcooling of the LPG with the cold of the LNG and to maintain the LNG in the liquid state. LNG in the liquid state is returned to the tank and the subcooled LPG is returned to the tank.
- the heat exchangers 20, 21, 22 are separated from the tanks and tanks.
- the heat exchangers 20, 21, 22 are tube, plate or coil exchangers.
- the auxiliary heat exchanger 22 comprises a third circuit 6e in which circulates LNG and a fourth circuit 6f in which circulates LPG, in particular subcooled.
- the third circuit 6e comprises an input coupled to a Ninth duct 23 which is connected to the tank 5.
- the ninth duct 23 is a bypass portion of the seventh duct 17 which extracts the LNG from the bottom of the tank 5 by means of the pump 1 1b.
- the third circuit 6e comprises an output which is connected to a tenth duct 24 which returns the LNG maintained in the liquid state to the tank 5.
- the tenth duct 24 is coupled to a portion of the fourth duct 13 returning the LNG to the tank 5, for example by a valve, such as a three-way valve.
- the fourth circuit 6f comprises an input which is coupled to an eleventh pipe 25 in which circulates LPG extracted from the bottom of the tank.
- the eleventh pipe is here coupled to the pipe 16 in which circulates sub-cooled LPG and through a valve 29, such as a three-way valve.
- the fourth circuit 6f comprises an output which is coupled to a twelfth pipe 26 which is connected to the tank.
- the twelfth pipe 26 is coupled to a portion of the tenth pipe or pipe 9.
- the LPG subcooled by heat exchange with the LNG is sprayed in the gas or is stored at the bottom of the pipe. tank 4 in the cold reserve layer 4c.
- the ninth pipe 23 can be connected to the pipe 16 by a valve 27.
- the pipe 23 can be connected to the pipe 9 by a valve 28.
- the valve (s) 27, 28 are three way valves.
- the pipe 16 is connected to a LPG spray boom 10 for spraying LPG droplets in the gaseous atmosphere of the tank 4 and forcing the recondensation of the NBOG in the tank 4.
- the third pump 15 is configured to force the circulation of LPG. in the pipe or conduits 14, 16, 25 from the bottom of the tank to the spray boom. Due to this configuration, the subcooled LPG is transferred directly into the tank or to the ramp 10 or is transferred to the auxiliary heat exchanger 22 for a second subcooling with LNG.
- the system further comprises a pipe 30 for extracting the vapors 5b of LNG in the tank 5 so as to control the pressure of the tank 5 and supply the installation 2 with fuel gas.
- a second compressor 31 is mounted on this pipe 30 to ensure the circulation of vapors 5a of LNG to the engine and maintain the pressure in the tank.
- This pipe 30 is connected to the pipe portion 18 where circulates heated or vaporized LNG to the engine of the ship.
- a heating device 32 is arranged upstream of the installation so as to adjust the temperature of the LNG to the required temperature and to ensure that all the LNG is vaporized.
- the heater 32 is here a heater.
- the system 1 also comprises a plurality of heat exchangers.
- the system 1 comprises:
- the main heat exchanger 21 which is configured to reliquefy the LPG vapors 4b by heat exchange with the cold of the LNG 5a and to maintain the LNG in the liquid state
- the evaporation heat exchanger 20 which is configured to vaporize the LNG from the tank 5 and to sub-cool the LPG from the tank 4, and the auxiliary heat exchanger 22 'which is configured to subcool the LPG and keep LNG in a liquid state.
- the system 1 of this embodiment differs from the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 in that it comprises a fourth heat exchanger 40 arranged upstream of the heat exchanger 20.
- the heat exchanger 40 is preferably , but not limited to, a vacuum evaporator (ESV) for generating cold.
- the vacuum evaporator 40 includes a primary circuit 42 which includes an input and an output. The inlet is connected to the seventh pipe 17 in which circulates LNG from the tank.
- the output of the primary circuit 42 is connected to a first end of a pipe 44. The latter comprises a second end which is connected to the input of the circuit 6d of the heat exchanger 20.
- Depressurization means 41 are provided on the pipe 17 and upstream of the vacuum evaporator 40.
- the depressurization means 41 make it possible to obtain a gas in a two-phase liquid-vapor state by lowering the pressure and the temperature of the gas.
- the depressurizing means 41 here comprise an expansion valve, such as a Joules-Thomson valve.
- LNG entering the depressurizing means 41 is at a temperature of about -134 ° C and a pressure of about 8 bar.
- the LNG is cooled to a temperature of approximately -160 ° C. and at a pressure of the order of 1 bar.
- the two-phase LNG enters the vacuum evaporator 40 where a heat exchange is carried out with LNG extracted from the tank.
- the vacuum evaporator 40 comprises a secondary circuit 43 which includes an input and an output.
- the inlet of the secondary circuit 43 is connected to a branch pipe 45 in which LNG flows from the tank 5.
- This branch pipe 45 is derived from the seventh line 17 coupled to the pump January 1b.
- the pipe 45 could be connected to another pump submerged at the bottom of the tank.
- the output of the secondary circuit is connected to the pipe 23 returning the LNG to the bottom of the tank 5.
- the pipe 23 is coupled to the input of the circuit 6e of the heat exchanger 22.
- the LNG flowing in the secondary circuit 43 is subcooled by recovering the latent heat of the two-phase LNG and circulating in the circuit 42.
- the sub-cooled LNG (in the liquid state) is transferred into the tank.
- the two-phase LNG circulating in the primary circuit 42 is heated or vaporized and then transferred to the evaporation exchanger 20.
- the exit temperature of the LNG at the outlet of the primary circuit 42 is between -160 and -134 ° C. and a pressure of the order of 1 bar.
- the outlet temperature of the sub-cooled LNG is of the order of -160 ° C. at a pressure of between 2 and 20 bar.
- the subcooled LNG circulates through the heat exchanger 22, it is configured to maintain the LNG from the vacuum evaporator 40 in the liquid state.
- the LNG from the circuit 43 can exchange heat with sub-cooled LPG from the heat exchanger 20 according to an operating mode of the system described below. In this case, the LNG passing through the 6th circuit is heated but not vaporized.
- the system 1 further comprises a compressor 46 which is installed downstream of the heating device 32.
- This compressor 46 makes it possible to compress the vaporized LNG to the pressure required by the installation 2.
- the subcooling is performed outside the tanks and the tank.
- the heat exchangers are separated from the tanks and the tank.
- a first mode of operation (COOLING) of the gas treatment system 1 for the energy production installation 2 as illustrated in FIG. 2 the LNG is used to reliquefy the LPG vapors 4b. LNG is also used to feed the plant 2, in particular the ship's engine and other thermal machines for power generation purposes.
- This first mode of operation is operated during the cooling of the LPG tank. Indeed, as explained above, a very large amount of LPG vapor 4b is generated during this operation (about 10900 kg / h). This amount of steam 4b generated is greater than the amount of vapors 4b (NBOG) generated during the voyage of the ship to transport the LPG.
- NBOG amount of vapors 4b
- the consumption of the installation 2 is of the order of 500kg / h in LNG vapor.
- the system uses the main heat exchanger 21 to manage LPG vapors 4b generated during cooling.
- the LPG vapors 4b are extracted from the tank 4 by the compressor 8 which ensures their circulation in the first pipe 7.
- the LPG vapors 4b flowing in the first circuit 6a are reliqued by the cold of the LNG flowing in the second circuit 6b via the third pipe 12 from the bottom of the tank 5. It is understood that the LNG at the bottom of the tank is colder than the LNG close to the surface N1, or at the interface between the LNG and the gas. After the reliquefaction, the reliqued LPG vapors are transferred into the tank 4 and the LNG is kept in the liquid state and then returned to the tank 5.
- the LPG vapors 4b enter the main heat exchanger 21 at a temperature of the order of 0 ° C and at a pressure close to atmospheric pressure.
- the main heat exchange 21 is carried out so that the exit temperature of the LPG vapors reliquefiés is between a first threshold value and a second threshold value.
- the first and second threshold values are considered at a pressure equal to or greater than the atmospheric pressure. These temperature threshold values are greater than or equal to a minimum temperature value supported by the tank 4.
- the first output temperature threshold value of the LPG vapors 4b is -40 ° C. at equal or greater pressure at atmospheric pressure and the second exit temperature threshold value of reliquified LPG vapors is of the order of -50 ° C at a pressure equal to or greater than atmospheric pressure.
- the releasing LPG vapor outlet temperature is -42 ° C at or above atmospheric pressure. In this way, the heat exchange is controlled so that the reliquified LPG vapors are not too cold.
- the heat exchange is carried out in such a way that the exit temperature of the LNG after the reliquefaction is between a first threshold value and a second temperature threshold value at a pressure of between and 20 bars.
- the LNG must be heated but not vaporized.
- the main heat exchanger 21 is configured so that the temperature difference between the LNG inlet temperature before reliquefaction and the LNG outlet temperature after reliquefaction is between 5 ° C and 55 ° C. Preferably, but not exclusively, this temperature difference is 26 ° C.
- the LNG enters the main heat exchanger 21, before reliquefaction, at an inlet temperature of the order of -160 ° C and a pressure of between 2 and 20 bar.
- the first threshold value is of the order of -155 ° C. and the second threshold value is of the order of -105 ° C.
- the outlet temperature of the LNG is lower than its vaporization temperature and at a pressure below a maximum permissible reservoir storage pressure.
- the temperature is of the order of -134 ° C.
- Such values make it possible to transfer a maximum amount of LNG cold to the LPG vapors for reliquefaction while avoiding that the LNG that returns to the tank is too hot and that the reliqued LPG vapors are too cold.
- An excessively hot LNG could induce an increase of LNG pressure in the tank and exceed the authorized limits.
- the main heat exchanger 21 is adjusted so that the releasing LNG and LPG vapors exit respectively to the required temperature in the tank or tank. During the heat exchange, the LNG flow rate and the LPG steam flow rate are respectively constant.
- the parameters such as the mass flow of LNG and LPG make it possible to configure the heat exchanger 21 for the heat exchange.
- the system can operate such that reliquefaction of LPG vapors is performed when the pressure measured in the tank is above a predetermined pressure value in the tank.
- the system 1 also uses the evaporation exchanger 20 in which circulates LPG from the tank 4 and the LNG from the tank 5 to supply the installation 2.
- the heat exchange between the LPG and LNG allow the sub-cooling of LPG and the vaporization or heating of the LNG intended to feed the installation 2.
- the sub-cooled LPG (in the liquid state) is stored in the lower part of the tank so as to constitute a cold reserve layer 4c subsequent. This makes it possible to obtain a larger available cooling capacity and thus to improve the efficiency of the cooling the gas, liquefied and / or in the form of gas, contained in the tank.
- the lower part of the tank 4 extends over approximately less than 30% of the height of the tank 4 measured from its bottom 19.
- the bottom 19 is the lower end of the tank, for example closer to the hull of the vessel when the tank is transported on the LNG tanker.
- the LPG extracted from the bottom of the tank by the pump passes through the heat exchanger 20 where its inlet temperature is about -42 ° C.
- the LNG inlet temperature extracted from the tank is about -160 ° C at a pressure of about 17 bar.
- the output temperature of the LPG is between -45 ° C and -55 ° C.
- the subcooled LPG is transferred to the bottom of the tank or it is stored in the layer 4c at a temperature between -45 ° and -55 ° C.
- the subcooled LPG is about -52 ° C (storage pressure in the tank).
- the vaporized or heated LNG is at an outlet temperature of about 0 ° C where it can be further heated by the heater 32.
- the storage of the sub-cooled LPG is a function of the pressure in the tank.
- the system controls the storage of the sub-cooled LPG in the cold reserve layer.
- pressure determining means 33 make it possible to determine the pressure inside the tank 4.
- the pressure determining means 33 here comprise a pressure sensor installed in or near the tank 4.
- the LPG in the tank 4 which is above this cold reserve layer 4c, for example remaining in the tank, is at a temperature above -42 ° C.
- the LPG tank comprises several layers in which the LPG is at different temperatures, the coldest layers being at the bottom of the tank.
- a second operating mode (TRIP) of the gas treatment system for the power generation installation 2 as illustrated in FIG. 2, the LNG is used to feed the installation 2 such as the engine of the vessel and LPG is subcooled to form a cold LPG supply that will be used later to cool the LPG vapors in the tank.
- This mode of operation is operated during the voyage of the ship where a smaller amount of LPG vapor must be managed.
- the LPG gas vapors (NBOG) generated are of the order of 2700 kg / h while the engine of the ship for example consumes a small amount of fuel gas, of the order of 2000 kg / h.
- the system uses at least the evaporation heat exchanger 20 in which circulates LPG from the tank and the LNG from the tank to perform a forced evaporation of LNG to supply the engine of the ship, and the auxiliary heat exchanger 22 to form the cold reserve.
- the LNG is extracted from the tank via the second pump 1 1b.
- the LNG inlet temperature in the second duct 6d is of the order of -160 ° C.
- the LPG is removed from the tank containing the LPG by means of the pump 15. The latter circulates in the second pipe towards the evaporation exchanger and enters it at a temperature of about -42 ° C.
- the LPG undergoes a first under cooling of the LPG by recovering the cold of the LNG which vaporizes by heat exchange in the exchanger 20.
- the heat exchange between the LPG and the LNG is carried out so that the subcooling temperature LPG is between a first threshold value and a second threshold value at atmospheric pressure.
- the evaporation exchanger 20 is configured to transfer a maximum amount of heat but is limited by the temperature difference between the LNG and the LPG.
- the first threshold value is of the order of -40 ° C.
- the second threshold value is of the order of -55 ° C.
- the subcooled LPG is stored in the lower part of the tank so as to form the LPG cold reserve layer or sprayed into the gas by the ramp 10.
- the LPG outlet temperature of the heat exchanger Heat 20 is of the order of -52 ° C.
- the sub-cooled LPG is stored in the layer reserve of cold.
- a cold reserve layer has already formed, for example, during the cooling of the tank. Then this sub-cooled LPG, is used to cool or condense the LPG vapor in the tank. For this, the sub-cooled LPG is extracted from the cold reserve layer 4c and is sprayed into the gas head via the ramp 10. Alternatively, the LPG of the cold reserve layer 4c is extracted from an outlet of the tank that is coupled to a piping that is connected to the ramp or a heat exchanger traversed by LPG vapors. It is therefore not necessary to start the auxiliary heat exchanger to create a reserve of cold.
- the LNG at the outlet of exchanger 20 is vaporized or heated by heat exchange between LPG and LNG. This vaporized or heated LNG is transferred to the engine for its power supply.
- the LNG vapors that are extracted from the tank are also used to power the engine.
- the vaporized or heated LNG and LNG vapors are reheated so that all LNG is vaporized before powering the engine.
- a third mode of operation (LOADING) of the gas treatment system for the power generation plant as illustrated in Figure 2
- the LNG is used to power the ship's engine and for production needs. of energy, as well as reliquefying the LPG vapors.
- This mode of operation is operated in particular during the loading of LPG in the tank where a large amount of LPG vapor is produced, for example about 13900 kg / h.
- the energy requirements of installation 2 are low, around 500kg / h.
- at least two heat exchangers are used to treat all the LPG vapors.
- the system uses the main heat exchanger 21 to manage the LPG vapors generated during LPG charging and the evaporator heat exchanger to vaporize or heat the LNG for supplying the plant 2.
- the Heat exchangers 20, 21 therefore operate in a manner similar to the first operating mode in the case of cooling the vessel.
- the main heat exchanger 21 does not allow to manage the pressure in the tank 4 because of the large amount of LPG vapor generated.
- the auxiliary heat exchanger 22 is activated.
- the purpose of the auxiliary heat exchanger 22 is to manage the pressure inside the tank 4. LNG is withdrawn from the tank so as to exchange with the sub-cooled LPG.
- the LPG subcooled after the first subcooling is at a temperature of the order of -42 ° C.
- This temperature of -42 ° C is due to the fact that a small amount of LNG circulates in the heat exchanger 20, in particular in the second duct 6d. Indeed, it is the engine or the installation 2 which determines the flow of LNG to be vaporized in the second duct 6d. Since the needs of plant 2 are low, a very small amount of LNG is available to achieve the sub-cooling of LPG. The plant controls the flow rate of the second gas to be vaporized or heated during vaporization. This implies that the amount of LNG heat is not enough to significantly reduce the LPG temperature. The temperature of the LPG leaving the heat exchanger 20 is not cold enough heat exchanger 22 performs a second subcooling LPG.
- the LNG is removed from the tank, at a temperature of about -160 ° C, and exchanges heat with LPG having undergone a first subcooling, here in the heat exchanger 20.
- the LPG inlet temperature sub-cooled is of the order of -42 ° C.
- the outlet temperature of the LPG subcooled a second time is less than or equal to a threshold temperature value to be supported by the tank 4.
- the outlet temperature of LPG is of the order of -52 ° C.
- This LPG is stored in the cold reserve layer for later use or is sprayed into the gaseous body of the tank to condense or cool the LPG vapors 4b in the tank.
- the exit temperature of the LNG is about -134 ° C at a pressure of about 8 bar. LNG is hot but not vaporised.
- the gas treatment system 1 for the power generation installation makes it possible to manage the risk of heating the tank.
- LNG in the tank in the case where the main heat exchanger 21 has been running (when loading LPG into the tank or when cooling the tank).
- the LNG at the outlet of the main exchanger and or at the outlet of the auxiliary heat exchanger is hot, ie at an outlet temperature of the order of -134 ° C.
- This mode of operation employs the system as shown in Figure 3 and primarily in travel mode to cool the LNG in the tank to its cryogenic temperature.
- the system 1 uses at least the heat exchanger 40 where the partially vaporized LNG allows subcooling LNG which is transferred to the tank.
- the LNG stored in the tank is at a temperature of about -134 ° C at a pressure of the order of 8 bars.
- the LNG is extracted from the tank by the second pump 1 1b.
- the LNG circulates in the circuit 42 where it has been depressurized and then partially vaporized.
- the inlet temperature of the partially vaporized LNG in the heat exchanger 40 is of the order of -160 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- the outlet temperature of the vaporized LNG is between -134 and -160 ° C at atmospheric pressure.
- the inlet temperature of the LNG in the heat exchanger, in the second conduit 43 is of the order of -134 ° C and its outlet temperature is of the order of -160 ° C.
- the sub-cooled LNG is transferred to a cold reserve layer 4c in the lower part of the tank 5.
- the heat exchanger 20 subcooled the LPG and vaporized the LNG at the outlet of the heat exchanger 40.
- the heat exchanger 22 ' is activated to sub-cool a second time the LPG which has been cooled in the exchanger 20.
- the LPG is subcooled with the LNG which has been subcooled in the heat exchanger and passes through the heat exchanger 22 '.
- the outlet temperature of the LNG after heat exchange in the exchanger 22 ' is of the order of -134 ° C and at atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the gas treatment system 1 according to the invention.
- the system includes LNG tanks each comprising 5b fumes of LNG and LNG. Here are represented two LNG tanks. Pumps are also immersed in the LNG of a main tank and only one pump is immersed in the LNG of the adjacent tank. Each pump is preferably installed at the bottom of the tank.
- the system 1 comprises a heat exchanger 50 which is configured to sub-cool LNG from the LNG tank, here first tank 500A, intended to be stored at the bottom 190 of the same first tank 500A so as to constitute a reserve layer of cold 500c at the bottom of the tank 500A.
- the layer 500c is located in the interior of the tank.
- the heat exchanger comprises at least a first duct 50a and a second duct 50b.
- the first conduit 50a includes a inlet which is coupled to the first end of a pipe 54.
- the second end of the pipe 54 is connected to a first pump 51 mounted at the bottom of the first tank 500A.
- This pipe 54 is also connected to a spray boom 60 mounted in the tank 500A via a three-way valve 67.
- the ramp 60 is arranged in the upper part of the tank and preferably in the gaseous atmosphere of LNG.
- the first conduit 50a includes an outlet which is coupled to a conduit 56 which is connected to the bottom of the tank 500A.
- the pipe 56 is also connected to the spray boom 60 by a three-way valve 75a.
- the pipe 56 opens into the bottom of the adjacent tank, second tank 500B by a three-way valve channel 75b and another ramp 60 of the second tank 500B by a three-way valve 75c.
- the second conduit 50b comprises an inlet connected to the tank 500A by a pipe 57.
- One end of the pipe 57 is connected to a second pump 52 mounted at the bottom of the tank 500A.
- the output of the second conduit 50b is connected here to an inlet of a balloon 70 via a pipe 58.
- the outlet of the balloon 70 is connected to the pipe 56 by a first outlet to a pipe 71.
- the pipe 71 comprises for example a valve 72 and a pump 73.
- Depressurization means 53 are mounted on the pipe 57, upstream of the heat exchanger 50. This exchanger, as in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, is a vacuum evaporator.
- the depressurizing means 53 comprise, for example, an expansion valve (Joule-Thomson valve).
- the second conduit 50b is a cold circuit, the depressurized LNG being intended to be heated by circulation in this circuit so as to achieve forced evaporation (in FBOG).
- the first conduit 50a is a hot circuit, the LNG from the tank 500A being intended to be cooled by circulation in this circuit.
- the first conduit 50a may not allow, however, to vaporize the heavier components (ethane, propane, etc.).
- the depressurization upstream of the second duct 50b makes it possible to lower the vaporization temperature, which makes it possible to generate FBOG from a heat exchange with the LNG taken from the tank 500A and flowing in the first duct 50a.
- FBOG vaporization requires a supply of heat provided by the LNG circulating in the first conduit 50a, it is therefore a cooling source for the subcooling of LNG flowing in the first conduit 50a.
- LNG from the tank 500A is thus conveyed by the pump 52 to the depressurization means 53 and then flows into the second conduit 50b or cold of the exchanger 50.
- the LNG downstream of the depressurization means is at a temperature of -168 ° and at an absolute pressure of 400 mbar.
- the LNG of the tank 500A is conveyed by the pump 51 to the first conduit 50a or hot of the exchanger 50. Therefore, the heat exchange between these circuits causes:
- LNG outlet temperature after heat exchange in duct 50a is of the order of -168 ° C.
- Storage of LNG in the cold reserve layer may be a function of the pressure inside the tank. For example, when the pressure measured (with a pressure sensor 330) in the tank is lower than a predetermined pressure threshold value in the tank, the sub-cooled LNG (in the liquid state) is stored in this reserve layer cold 500c.
- the balloon 70 is thus intended to be supplied with LNG in a two-phase liquid-vapor state coming from the tank 500A via the heat exchanger 50.
- the operating pressure inside the balloon 70 is lower than the storage pressure of the LNG. inside the tank 500A.
- the feeding of the balloon 70 in LNG can lead to a complementary vaporization of the LNG, resulting on the one hand by the generation of FBOG in the balloon 70, as well as the subcooling of LNG remaining in the balloon.
- the balloon makes it possible to operate a separation of the phases with the LNG stored in the lower part of the flask and the vapors of LNG in the upper part thereof.
- the LNG subcooled out of the flask is at an outlet temperature of the order of -168 ° C.
- the balloon 70 comprises a second outlet which is arranged in the upper part thereof where are stored naturally gas vapor (FBOG) LNG.
- FBOG naturally gas vapor
- the heat exchanger 50 also includes a third conduit 50c which includes an inlet and an outlet.
- the entrance of the third conduit 50c is connected to a first end of a pipe 63 in which circulates releasing LNG gas vapors.
- the output of the compressor 62 is connected to the installation 2 for its supply of fuel gas.
- a portion of the fuel gas leaving the compressor 62 can be withdrawn and rerouted by a pipe 64 which can be connected to the outlet of the compressor 62 via a three-way valve 65.
- the compressor 62 is configured to compress the gas (such as NBOG from of the first tank and / or second tank) at a working pressure adapted to its use in the installation 2.
- the pipe 64 is connected to an inlet of a primary circuit 66a of a heat exchanger 66.
- the primary circuit comprises an outlet which is connected to a second end of the pipe 63.
- Each tank 500A, 500B comprises an outlet 68 of LNG vapor 5a which is connected to an input of a secondary circuit 66b of the heat exchanger 66.
- the circuit secondary 66b includes an outlet which is connected to the inlet or one of the inputs of the compressor 62.
- the third conduit 50c comprises an outlet which is connected to the pipe 56 by another Pipeline 69.
- An expansion valve 74 is installed on this line 56 to reduce the temperature of the gas by adiabatic expansion.
- the LNG vapors from a tank 500A, 500B are heated in the secondary circuit 66b so as to feed the installation 2, and the LNG vapors at the outlet of the compressor 62 are reliqued to be conveyed to the heat exchanger 50
- the reliqued gas vapors are subcooled with the cold of the LNG flowing in the conduit 50a to supply the bottom of the at least one of the tanks 500A, 500B or the spray boom 60.
- the LNG vapors from the tank (s) 500A, 500B can be re-routed into line 64 if FBGO is produced in excess so as to be reliqued also
- the subcooling is performed outside the tanks.
- the heat exchanger 50 is separated from the tanks.
- FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the gas treatment system 1 illustrated in FIG. 5.
- This system 1 differs from that of FIG. 4 in that it comprises a second pump 52 installed in the second tank 500B adjacent to the first one. tank, main (which is on the right of Figure 5).
- This second pump 52 is at a first end of a pipe 80 in which circulates LNG extracted from the bottom of the second tank 500B.
- the second end of the pipe is coupled to the pipe 57 which is connected to the inlet of the second pipe 50b.
- the LNG is extracted from the two tanks 500A, 500B and two pumps 52.
- This second pump 52 reduces the depressurization level downstream of the depressurization means by increasing the pressure and temperature.
- the absolute pressure downstream of the depressurizing means is 600 mbar and the temperature of the LNG is -164 ° C.
- FIG. 6 represents another embodiment of the invention of a gas treatment system according to the invention.
- This system is similar to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5. It differs in that it comprises two heat exchangers 150, 150 'instead of a single heat exchanger 50.
- a first exchanger 150 is configured to vaporize the LNG from the first tank 500A and to sub-cool LNG from the first tank 500A simultaneously.
- the first heat exchanger 150 comprises the first duct 150a and the second duct 150b arranged as described in the embodiment of FIG. 4.
- the second heat exchanger 150 ' is configured to use the subcooled (liquid) LNG stored in the cold reserve layer 500c herefrom of the first tank 500A to relieve LNG vapors. These LNG vapors are the result of a natural evaporation (NBOG) of LNG not used by the energy production facility 2, that is to say excess BOG.
- the second heat exchanger 150 ' comprises the third duct 150c and a second auxiliary duct 150b'.
- the third conduit 150c comprises an inlet which is connected to the pipe 163 through which excess LNG vapors are conveyed.
- the NBOG recirculates via the compressor 62 in the heat exchanger 166 and through the pipe 164.
- the third conduit 150c comprises an outlet which is connected to the pipe 169 which opens to the bottom of the tank or each tank 500A, 500B by a three-way valve 175b.
- Line 169 is also connected to a spray boom 160 via a three-way valve 175a, 175c.
- the second conduit 150b ' comprises an inlet which is connected to the conduit 154 via a three-way valve.
- a heat exchange is made between the excess NBOG and the sub-cooled LNG from the tank.
- the reliqued NBOG is transferred to the bottom of the first and / or second tank (s).
- the LNG at the outlet of the second conduit 150b ' is heated but not vaporized and is returned to the bottom of the first and / or second tank (s).
- the subcooling is performed outside the tanks.
- the heat exchangers are separated from the tanks.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1850519A FR3066257B1 (fr) | 2018-01-23 | 2018-01-23 | Pompe a chaleur cryogenique et son utilisation pour le traitement de gaz liquefie |
FR1851136A FR3066248B1 (fr) | 2017-05-12 | 2018-02-09 | Procede et systeme de traitement de gaz d'une installation de stockage de gaz pour un navire de transport de gaz |
PCT/EP2019/051590 WO2019145342A1 (fr) | 2018-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Procede et systeme de traitement de gaz d'une installation de stockage de gaz pour un navire de transport de gaz |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3743651A1 true EP3743651A1 (fr) | 2020-12-02 |
Family
ID=78619555
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP19701513.4A Pending EP3743651A1 (fr) | 2018-01-23 | 2019-01-23 | Procede et systeme de traitement de gaz d'une installation de stockage de gaz pour un navire de transport de gaz |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20210164728A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3743651A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP7301853B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR102646624B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN111630313B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3066248B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2019145342A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3089282B1 (fr) * | 2018-11-30 | 2023-02-24 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Systeme de traitement de gaz d’un terminal de reception equipe d’une unite de regazeification et procede de traitement de gaz correspondant |
CN110094932A (zh) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-06 | 上海外高桥造船有限公司 | 液化天然气的蒸发气的再冷凝系统及方法 |
FR3100055B1 (fr) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-07-23 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Système de traitement de gaz contenu dans une cuve de stockage et/ou de transport de gaz à l’état liquide et à l’état gazeux équipant un navire |
FR3112589B1 (fr) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-07-22 | Gaztransport Et Technigaz | Système de chargement de gaz naturel liquide. |
CN113503465B (zh) * | 2021-07-07 | 2022-12-13 | 中海石油气电集团有限责任公司 | Lng运输船bog的处理系统及方法 |
CN113701043B (zh) * | 2021-08-27 | 2022-09-23 | 广东海洋大学 | 一种lng船上氢的制取、储存与燃用的综合系统 |
JP2023105853A (ja) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-08-01 | 株式会社Ihiプラント | アンモニア貯蔵供給基地 |
FR3132343B1 (fr) * | 2022-01-28 | 2024-07-05 | Air Liquide | Installation et procédé de stockage de gaz liquéfié. |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH08178189A (ja) * | 1994-12-22 | 1996-07-12 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Lpg貯蔵タンク内に発生するbogの抑制装置 |
JPH08178191A (ja) * | 1994-12-26 | 1996-07-12 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Lpg貯蔵タンク内に発生するbogの抑制装置 |
US20060156758A1 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2006-07-20 | Hyung-Su An | Operating system of liquefied natural gas ship for sub-cooling and liquefying boil-off gas |
KR100638925B1 (ko) * | 2005-01-18 | 2006-10-26 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 엘엔지선의 증발가스 과냉액화 운전시스템 |
JP2009030675A (ja) | 2007-07-25 | 2009-02-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガス再液化装置およびガス再液化方法 |
EP2746707B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-20 | 2017-05-17 | Cryostar SAS | Procédé et appareil de reliquéfaction de gaz naturel |
US20150219280A1 (en) * | 2014-02-05 | 2015-08-06 | Air Liquide Industrial U.S. Lp | Method and apparatus for reducing boil-off gas losses from a liquid storage tank |
KR101726668B1 (ko) * | 2014-02-24 | 2017-04-13 | 대우조선해양 주식회사 | 증발가스 처리 시스템 및 방법 |
KR101618359B1 (ko) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-06-03 | 한국해양과학기술원 | 자가발전 및 증발가스 처리가 가능한 천연가스 하이드레이트 탱크 컨테이너 적재시스템 |
KR102476168B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-23 | 2022-12-09 | 쉘 인터내셔날 리써취 마트샤피지 비.브이. | 액화가스 수송 선박 및 그 선박을 운전하는 방법 |
-
2018
- 2018-02-09 FR FR1851136A patent/FR3066248B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-01-23 WO PCT/EP2019/051590 patent/WO2019145342A1/fr unknown
- 2019-01-23 EP EP19701513.4A patent/EP3743651A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-01-23 CN CN201980009856.6A patent/CN111630313B/zh active Active
- 2019-01-23 KR KR1020207023781A patent/KR102646624B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2019-01-23 JP JP2020540556A patent/JP7301853B2/ja active Active
- 2019-01-23 US US17/048,529 patent/US20210164728A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20210164728A1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
RU2020125193A3 (fr) | 2022-01-31 |
CN111630313B (zh) | 2022-07-05 |
JP2021512258A (ja) | 2021-05-13 |
JP7301853B2 (ja) | 2023-07-03 |
FR3066248A1 (fr) | 2018-11-16 |
RU2020125193A (ru) | 2022-01-31 |
KR102646624B1 (ko) | 2024-03-12 |
WO2019145342A1 (fr) | 2019-08-01 |
CN111630313A (zh) | 2020-09-04 |
KR20200111208A (ko) | 2020-09-28 |
FR3066248B1 (fr) | 2020-12-11 |
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