EP3719769A1 - Ultraschalldetektoren - Google Patents

Ultraschalldetektoren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3719769A1
EP3719769A1 EP20162537.3A EP20162537A EP3719769A1 EP 3719769 A1 EP3719769 A1 EP 3719769A1 EP 20162537 A EP20162537 A EP 20162537A EP 3719769 A1 EP3719769 A1 EP 3719769A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
detector
housing
vents
ambient air
processor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20162537.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3719769B1 (de
Inventor
Shane LINNANE
David HANNICK
Stephen Daniels
Michael Byrne
Daniel O'Shea
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EI Technology Ltd
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EI Technology Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP22212657.5A priority Critical patent/EP4174812B1/de
Publication of EP3719769A1 publication Critical patent/EP3719769A1/de
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Publication of EP3719769B1 publication Critical patent/EP3719769B1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/046—Monitoring of the detection circuits prevention of tampering with detection circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to ultrasonic detectors for detecting objects.
  • the invention relates to a detector having an ultrasonic transducer mounted to have a field of emission outside of the detector, and through ambient air.
  • Such detectors can be unreliable if there is excessive instability in the ambient air, such as caused by a fan in the vicinity.
  • a detector for detecting an object comprising:
  • the processor is configured to record a return signal amplitude value for each of a plurality of sample points, and to quantify variance across said values, and if said variance exceeds a threshold determine that there is excessive ambient air instability.
  • the processor is configured to determine a series of difference values for each pair of successive values for a sample point, and to derive a sample point variance value representative of variance for said sample point, and to compare the derived sample point variance value with a threshold.
  • the derived sample point variance value is a sum of the difference values for a sample point.
  • the processor is configured to perform a plurality of scans each with a plurality of sample points, and to determine a multi-scan derived variance value derived from said sample point variance values.
  • a multi-scan derived variance value is an average of all sample point variance values.
  • the detector comprises a guide mounted to the housing to reflect emitted ultrasonic waves in radial directions relative to a housing longitudinal axis, and the guide comprises a guide element (6) mounted to the housing so that it is spaced-apart from the housing.
  • the guide element is mounted substantially symmetrically to the housing longitudinal axis.
  • the guide element is dish-shaped, sloping radially inwardly in a direction towards the housing.
  • the guide element has a thickness and a density to act as a secondary ultrasonic source upon ultrasonic waves being incident on the first surface.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is mounted in a resilient cover and said cover engages in an aperture of a substrate which is in turn mounted to the housing.
  • the resilient cover has a groove which engages a side edge of the substrate aperture.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is connected to a conductor on a substrate by a flexible wire link.
  • the detector may be part of an alarm device to detect a condition of ambient air, the alarm device comprising:
  • the obstacle detector comprises:
  • the alert may be internal, to prevent proceeding with an obstacle detection test, and/or it may be a user alert such as an audio or visual alert.
  • the guide comprises a guide element mounted to the housing so that it is spaced-apart from the housing.
  • the guide element is mounted by a plurality of pillars.
  • the guide element has a first curved surface facing the housing, and said guide element first curved surface may be generally concave.
  • the housing has a curved surface facing the guide element, and the housing curved surface may be generally convex.
  • the guide element is mounted substantially symmetrically to the device longitudinal axis.
  • the guide element is dish-shaped with a narrower end facing the housing.
  • the guide element has a second curved surface facing away from the device housing.
  • said second curved surface is generally convex.
  • the guide element has a thickness and a density to act as a secondary ultrasonic source upon ultrasonic waves being incident on the first surface.
  • the vents are arranged around at least some of the circumference of the housing with a field of emission of ultrasonic waves guided by the guide.
  • at least some of the vents are arranged so that at least some ultrasonic waves pass through the vents.
  • the vents include vents which are primarily facing radially and vents which at least have a directional component facing axially.
  • the housing includes a barrier to render application of tape to the vents difficult.
  • the barrier may comprise a barrier element mounted by pillars so that it is spaced apart from at least some vents.
  • the barrier element may be annular.
  • the barrier comprises a plurality of elements which extend from the housing between vents.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is mounted in a resilient cover and said cover engages in an aperture of a substrate which is in turn mounted to the housing.
  • the resilient cover has a groove which engages a side edge of the substrate aperture.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is connected to a conductor on a substrate by a flexible wire link.
  • the processor is programmed to detect ambient air instability either before or as part of an obstacle detection operation.
  • the processor may be configured to record a return signal amplitude value for each of a plurality of sample points, and to quantify variance across said values, and if said variance exceeds a threshold determine that there is excessive ambient air instability.
  • the processor is configured to determine a series of difference values for each pair of successive values for a sample point, and to derive a sample point variance value representative of variance for each sample point, and to compare the derived sample point variance value with a threshold.
  • the derived sample point variance value is a sum of the difference values for a sample point.
  • the processor is configured to perform a plurality of scans each with a plurality of sample points, and to determine a multi-scan derived variance value derived from said sample point variance values.
  • a multi-scan derived variance value is an average of all sample point variance values.
  • the alarm device 1 comprises a housing having an overall cylindrical shape with a longitudinal axis, and with a base 2 and vents 3 arranged circumferentially around a top part of the device.
  • top means the end opposed to the mounting base, even though the device may in practice be mounted on a ceiling with the "top” facing downwardly.
  • the device 1 includes an obstacle detector having an ultrasonic ("US") transceiver or “transducer” mounted on a circuit board to emit US waves, which are routed by a guide 4 having pillars 5 supporting a dish-shaped guide element 6.
  • the guide element 6 is mounted centrally around the longitudinal axis of the device. It has curved lower (first) and upper (second) surfaces 10 and 11 respectively.
  • a generally concave lower surface 10 faces the device body 2, and a generally convex surface 11 faces away from the device body 2.
  • the concave surface 10 faces a top generally convex surface 12 of the housing 2 facing the guide element 6.
  • the invention is not concerned with the sensing details as they can be of any known type for detecting heat, smoke, or gas which enters the vents 3.
  • the active sensor is a smoke detector with an optical chamber.
  • the vents 3 comprise a ring of circumferentially arranged radial vents 3(a) and, immediately above, a ring of vents 3(b) which are sloped to have a directional component facing radially and a directional component facing axially.
  • a rim 9 over the vents 3, in the form of a ring mounted on pillars 13, spaced apart from the vents 3.
  • axial is intended to mean parallel to the longitudinal axis, which in Fig. 3 is a central vertical line through the centre of the device 1.
  • the device 1 has an ultrasonic detector with a transducer 16 driven by a driver circuit 17, and is connected to a receiver amplifier circuit 18, in turn connected to a signal processing circuit 15 for delivery of signals to a microprocessor (not shown).
  • the microprocessor is low power, 8-bit processor.
  • the US transducer 16 has a cap 21 housing the active piezo element and being surrounded by a vibration isolator in the form of a rubber sleeve 23 which protrudes downwardly to provide an internal space 25 for flexible leads 26.
  • the isolator 23 has a circumferential groove 27 near its lower end, the groove 27 having a width matching the thickness of a mounting PCB 22.
  • the transducer 16 is mounted in a hole 24 of the PCB 22, with the edge of the hole 24 engaging in the groove 27 of the rubber isolator casing 23.
  • the surface of the US transducer 16 is substantially co-planar with the housing surface 12, and this provides for the US waves to be generated at or near the external surface of the housing device body 12.
  • the US waves therefore do not interfere with internal components within the device body, and advantageously the transmission and reception of US waves have clear paths from the on-axis transducer location and reflected from the guide element 6.
  • a major advantage of placing the transducer 16 surface substantially flush with the housing surface 12 instead of inside the housing, is that it minimises echo signals caused by the ultrasound waves reflecting off the internal details of the housing. These unwanted signals could cause false detections of objects due to the housing itself and could be randomly increased if turbulent warm air passing through the housing refracts the ultrasound in such a way that more of the sound energy is reflected back to the transducer than during static airflow conditions.
  • the mounting arrangement minimises vibration from the US transducer to the PCB 22 by virtue of damping by the sleeve 23.
  • the flexible electrical connector leads 26 provide electrical connection to a terminal 28 mounted on the lower surface of the PCB 22. This further ensures that mechanical vibration is not transmitted to the PCB. This has the effect of reducing signal "ringing” while also reducing stress on electrical joint components, helping to ensure reliability.
  • Ringing is a known condition of US transducers, where the generated oscillations continue even after the excitation source has been removed. For detection of near-field objects, ringing should be reduced such that it does not interact with the returning echo signal of interest. For a near object to be correctly detected, the ringing is preferably therefore stopped as soon as possible after excitation.
  • the guide element 6, being placed so close to the US source 16 (less than 5 mm) acts as a secondary ultrasonic source upon ultrasonic waves being incident on the first surface 10. This aspect is assisted by the guide element 6 having a thickness of only about 2.8mm, being located just less than 5mm from the ultrasonic source 16 at its closest, and being of moulded plastics (polycarbonate) material.
  • the top surface 11 generally has an overall taper extending proximally towards the housing 12 and radially inwardly to the longitudinal axis (centrally and downwardly as viewed in Fig. 3 for example), and as noted above has locally between its rim and the centre (longitudinal axis) a slight convex shape when viewed in section.
  • the slight convex shape is not essential, but it is preferred that the element 6 has an overall dish shape tapered distally from the housing 12 and radially from the longitudinal axis (upwardly and outwardly as viewed in for example Fig. 3 ).
  • the lower surface 10 is also tapered generally proximally and radially towards the housing at the longitudinal axis (downwardly and inwardly as viewed for example in Fig. 3 ).
  • the surface 10 has a slight concave shape as viewed in section, but again this is not essential. Again, the overall configuration is dish-shaped.
  • Figs. 5 and 8 to 11 are diagrammatic views illustrating paths of US waves emitted by the transducer 16.
  • the US waves propagate radially from the longitudinal axis of the device, out from a space between the guide element 6 lower surface 10 and the housing 2 top surface 12.
  • This wave propagation path includes above and below the rim 9 and through the vents 3(a) and 3(b).
  • Blockage or taping of either the axial or radial vents creates a new surface off which the outgoing US wave can strike, resulting in an echo that is measurable, thereby detecting blockages. This detects for example taping over the vents (which may be inadvertently left in place by a decorator).
  • Figs. 11 (a) and 11(b) such waves will encounter an obstacle Y parallel with the longitudinal axis, in this case vertical. Upon encountering an obstacle, the waves are reflected back much more quickly than if there were no obstacle.
  • the transducer 16 operates with the receiver amplifier circuit 18 to detect such early reflections in a manner which is well known per se in the art.
  • the "field of view" for the single transducer 16 therefore includes all radial directions from the device longitudinal axis, allowing detection of obstacles both on the device itself (such as tape) or nearby.
  • the guide element 6 also acts as a secondary US wave source due to its vibration in response to the waves which are incident on its lower surface 10 facing the transducer 16. This is primarily due to the short distance between the US transducer 16 and the guide element 6 (less than 5mm at its closest, and preferably in the range of 1.5mm to 4.0mm) and the fact that the guide element is thin enough to vibrate. In this case the thickness of the element is about 2.8mm and it is of plastics (polycarbonate) composition, thereby allowing it to vibrate. This causes US waves to propagate axially from the device, as shown in Figs. 9 to 11 . This allows further extension of the field of view, allowing the obstacle detector to detect horizontal obstacles X such as shown in Figs.
  • the returning echo signal ( Fig. 10(b) ) encounters the guide element 6 upon which the vibration is re-transmitted back to the US transducer 16 for detection.
  • the return signal is further enhanced from horizontal obstacles X by way of the angled edge of the outer rim 9 and/or angled vent fins.
  • Another advantageous aspect of the device 1 is that by providing vents which face radially and also vents which at least partially face axially there is less chance of all of the vents being accidently taped. This is further improved by virtue of the rim 9, which acts as a spaced-apart barrier to help reduce chances of the vents being taped over such that air entry is completely blocked or blocked to an extent that severely hinders the operation of the alarm.
  • an alternative device 100 has a housing 102 with a guide 104 akin to the guide 4 of Figs. 1 to 11 .
  • vents 103 which face both radially and axially.
  • Spacers 130 are arranged to extend generally axially between the vents 103, thereby helping to prevent taping of the vents 103 while also allowing propagation of US waves through and over the vents.
  • the processor is programmed to detect ambient air changes and turbulence, thereby providing an indication of reliability of the US obstacle detection measurement.
  • An obstacle detection test may be inaccurate if the ambient air is unstable, for example by flowing at an excessive flow rate, and/or rapid changes in air temperature (relative to the steady state temperature of the unit or object under test), by for example a nearby air conditioning unit. Such air flow may render the obstacle detection inaccurate because the relevant changes in air characteristics (temperature, velocity, refractive index) would affect US beam uniformity, signal intensity and propagation time to and from the obstacle. This makes accurate US detection of objects, and also calculation of object distance from echo return time, unreliable.
  • the air stability test is integrated with the obstacle detection test, the processor firstly analysing the US return signal values to initially determine if the ambient air is sufficiently stable. If sufficiently stable, the processor proceeds to use the values to determine if there is an obstacle.
  • the processor may carry out an air stability test as a discrete test to decide whether to carry out an obstacle detection test.
  • the processor may be programmed to carry out an obstacle detection routine once per day, thereby consuming valuable electrical power only for a number of seconds once per day.
  • the processor For each obstacle detection test the processor performs a number of ultrasonic scans separated by a small (about 1 msec) delay. To reduce the effect of signal noise, the results of the scans are summed and averaged to a single data set upon which obstacle detection logic is performed. Since averaging requires multiple scans, the system uses these multiple scans more advantageously to determine the ambient air stability, thus acting as an indicator of reliability for obstacle detection measurements.
  • the US transducer In each scan, the US transducer is driven with a number of pulses, after which the processor samples and stores the amplitude of the returning signal as a function of time. The processor then performs calculations to quantify the extent of amplitude variation between the same sample points on successive scans. Variance or Standard Deviation across all scans is then calculated for each data point.
  • the threshold level is determined empirically, based on acceptable limits of detection and repeatability of the system.
  • the scan is "Stable” and so the average scan is accepted as a valid obstacle detection measurement. If the result is "Unstable”, the obstacle detection measurement is not accepted and the measurement should be repeated. This may be repeated at intervals until a valid ("Stable") measurement is obtained.
  • Fig. 15 is a table of return signal amplitude values for 6 of the 36 sample points in 8 scans. Each column is a scan and each row contains the return values for a certain sample point across all of the scans. For example, Row 3 of the Fig. 15 table shows the return signal amplitude values for the first sample point for all 8 scans.
  • the processor measures the absolute difference (or 'delta' in reference to Fig. 15 ) between a particular sample point return signal value of one scan and the next, comparing each scan to the previous, for all 8 scans (in this case). There may be one column for each delta value across the 8 scans, so therefore 7 columns of delta values, as shown in Fig. 17 .
  • the right-hand column of Fig. 17 has the value for the sum of the deltas for each row (i.e. the sum of the seven-delta series of values for each sample point).
  • Fig. 18 shows examples of amplitude signals for stable and unstable conditions.
  • the higher and lower amplitudes shown for the unstable condition indicate how the signal can vary relative to the true signal (stable condition) as a result of air instability, caused by, for example, an air-conditioning blower.
  • the amplitude variability occurs rapidly (for example, less than 1 sec), so fast successive scans can therefore measure these variances.
  • room temperature changes which generally occur over minutes or hours and would generally have little effect on the amplitude of the return signal (but may change the echo return time if compensation for temperature is not included).
  • Unwanted amplitude variation of a signal is effectively noise, and an alternative approach may be to minimize such noise by averaging the signals.
  • the variation in amplitude is a significant fraction of the true amplitude, then the average signal may be a poor representation of the actual signal. This is especially true if the number of scans or samples is limited by hardware, power consumption or memory, such as with inexpensive 8-bit microcontrollers.
  • the approach of determining and analysing variance is preferred.
  • Fig. 19 shows the values of variance represented by arbitrary units.
  • the average variance for stable air is approximately 2 units and that for unstable air is about 10 units. These units allow the processor to have a threshold setting for average variance above which it decides that the air is excessively unstable.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described but may be varied in construction and detail.
  • the US guide provide a wide field of view for the single transducer there may be one or more additional transducers.
  • the top surface or bottom surface of the guide element be curved as viewed in a plane from the longitudinal axis towards the edge, and if either is curved the shape may be convex or concave between the longitudinal axis and the edge.
  • the invention may be applied to other ultrasonic detectors, particularly where accuracy and repeatability is required for object positioning, tracking or guidance, such as:
  • the air stability determination can be performed as an integral part of the ultrasonic detection, or it can be performed as discrete test before deciding on performing an ultrasonic detection operation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
EP20162537.3A 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Sensorgerät Active EP3719769B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22212657.5A EP4174812B1 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschalldetektoren

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19166739 2019-04-02
EP19166743 2019-04-02

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22212657.5A Division EP4174812B1 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschalldetektoren
EP22212657.5A Division-Into EP4174812B1 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschalldetektoren

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EP3719769A1 true EP3719769A1 (de) 2020-10-07
EP3719769B1 EP3719769B1 (de) 2023-01-18

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Family Applications (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20162537.3A Active EP3719769B1 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Sensorgerät
EP24159781.4A Pending EP4350655A3 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschallhinderniserkennung in alarmvorrichtungen
EP24159784.8A Pending EP4354410A3 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschallhinderniserkennung in alarmvorrichtungen
EP20162532.4A Active EP3719768B1 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschallhindernisdetektion in alarmvorrichtungen
EP22212653.4A Pending EP4177860A1 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschallhinderniserkennung in alarmvorrichtungen
EP22212657.5A Active EP4174812B1 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschalldetektoren

Family Applications After (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP24159781.4A Pending EP4350655A3 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschallhinderniserkennung in alarmvorrichtungen
EP24159784.8A Pending EP4354410A3 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschallhinderniserkennung in alarmvorrichtungen
EP20162532.4A Active EP3719768B1 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschallhindernisdetektion in alarmvorrichtungen
EP22212653.4A Pending EP4177860A1 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschallhinderniserkennung in alarmvorrichtungen
EP22212657.5A Active EP4174812B1 (de) 2019-04-02 2020-03-11 Ultraschalldetektoren

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4456029A1 (de) * 2023-04-26 2024-10-30 Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH Brandmelder und vorrichtung zur überwachung

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115683967A (zh) * 2022-11-08 2023-02-03 赛特威尔电子股份有限公司 具有障碍物检测功能的报警器

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US20090243843A1 (en) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-01 Honeywell International Inc. Apparatus and method of blockage detection
EP2348495A1 (de) * 2009-12-04 2011-07-27 Atral-Secal GmbH Rauchmelder mit Ultraschall-Abdecküberwachung
EP2492882A1 (de) * 2011-02-28 2012-08-29 Hager Controls Vorrichtung für die Erfassung eines Hindernisses, das einen Rauchmelder verbirgt
US20150145684A1 (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-05-28 Siemens Schweiz Ag Auxiliary device for a hazard alarm constructed as a point type detector for function monitoring of the hazard alarm, and an arrangement and method of monitoring using a device of this kind

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US4975688A (en) * 1988-09-22 1990-12-04 Gonzales Ronald A Particulate detector disabling and protecting system
US5339072A (en) * 1991-12-09 1994-08-16 Nohmi Bosai, Ltd Fire detector with anti-tampering measures for use in vehicles
CN201524292U (zh) 2009-11-15 2010-07-14 陈培杰 妇产科专用羊水吸引器

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090243843A1 (en) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-01 Honeywell International Inc. Apparatus and method of blockage detection
EP2348495A1 (de) * 2009-12-04 2011-07-27 Atral-Secal GmbH Rauchmelder mit Ultraschall-Abdecküberwachung
EP2492882A1 (de) * 2011-02-28 2012-08-29 Hager Controls Vorrichtung für die Erfassung eines Hindernisses, das einen Rauchmelder verbirgt
US20150145684A1 (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-05-28 Siemens Schweiz Ag Auxiliary device for a hazard alarm constructed as a point type detector for function monitoring of the hazard alarm, and an arrangement and method of monitoring using a device of this kind

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4456029A1 (de) * 2023-04-26 2024-10-30 Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH Brandmelder und vorrichtung zur überwachung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4174812C0 (de) 2024-07-03
EP4354410A2 (de) 2024-04-17
EP3719768A1 (de) 2020-10-07
EP4177860A1 (de) 2023-05-10
EP4174812B1 (de) 2024-07-03
EP4350655A3 (de) 2024-07-10
EP4174812A1 (de) 2023-05-03
EP3719768B1 (de) 2023-01-18
EP3719769B1 (de) 2023-01-18
EP4354410A3 (de) 2024-07-24
EP4350655A2 (de) 2024-04-10

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