EP3719588B1 - Auto-adjustable clock oscillator - Google Patents

Auto-adjustable clock oscillator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3719588B1
EP3719588B1 EP19166996.9A EP19166996A EP3719588B1 EP 3719588 B1 EP3719588 B1 EP 3719588B1 EP 19166996 A EP19166996 A EP 19166996A EP 3719588 B1 EP3719588 B1 EP 3719588B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
balance
movement
plate
magnets
resonator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19166996.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3719588A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Jacques Born
Paulo Bravo
Olivier Matthey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Original Assignee
Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swatch Group Research and Development SA filed Critical Swatch Group Research and Development SA
Priority to EP19166996.9A priority Critical patent/EP3719588B1/en
Priority to US16/821,038 priority patent/US11537085B2/en
Priority to JP2020059492A priority patent/JP6883684B2/en
Priority to CN202010259849.6A priority patent/CN111796503B/en
Publication of EP3719588A1 publication Critical patent/EP3719588A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3719588B1 publication Critical patent/EP3719588B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
    • G04D7/12—Timing devices for clocks or watches for comparing the rate of the oscillating member with a standard
    • G04D7/1257—Timing devices for clocks or watches for comparing the rate of the oscillating member with a standard wherein further adjustment devices are present
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C11/00—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks
    • G04C11/08—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction
    • G04C11/081—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction using an electro-magnet
    • G04C11/084—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction using an electro-magnet acting on the balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/066—Constructional details, e.g. disposition of coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C10/00—Arrangements of electric power supplies in time pieces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
    • G04D7/12—Timing devices for clocks or watches for comparing the rate of the oscillating member with a standard

Definitions

  • Watch movement equipped with a mechanical balance resonator and an electromagnetic regulator fitted with a coil integrated into the balance.
  • the rate of a watch movement, and its ability to tell time with precision depends on the precision of its mechanical resonator, that is to say on the precision - and the constancy - of its frequency of oscillation. .
  • CH 713 306 which moreover proposes, to solve it, a regulation device provided with a measuring device arranged to determine whether the mechanical resonator is affected by an advance or a delay, and with a device for applying d regulation pulses arranged to be able to selectively apply to the mechanical resonator a first braking pulse or, respectively, a second braking pulse.
  • the document EP 1 521 141 A1 similarly addresses the problem of regulating the oscillation frequency of a mechanical resonator.
  • An objective of the invention is to provide a solution to these problems.
  • This movement has a size similar to a conventional mechanical movement, while solving the problem of magnetic coupling (in particular thanks to the immobility of the permanent magnets).
  • the cavity is blind on the side of at least one of the faces of the balance.
  • the regulator may include a pair of coils. These coils are preferably diametrically opposed but, in certain configurations, they can be angularly offset by 120 ° for example.
  • the electromagnetic regulator preferably includes capacitors coupled to the electronic circuit.
  • a cover is advantageously mounted on the balance to close the cavity.
  • the (or each) permanent magnet is preferably made from a neodymium-iron-boron alloy.
  • Watch 1 comprises a middle part 2 which defines an internal volume 3.
  • watch 1 is designed to be worn on the wrist.
  • the middle part 2 comprises for this purpose horns 4, on which a bracelet 5 is fixed.
  • Watch 1 comprises a horological movement 6 designed to indicate at least the hours and minutes.
  • the movement 6 is of the mechanical type (that is to say that the energy is supplied by a barrel spring); its winding can be manual (i.e. winding of the barrel spring is carried out manually by means of a winder) or automatic (i.e. winding of the barrel spring results of the rotation of an oscillating weight).
  • Watch 1 further comprises a crystal and a back (not shown), fixed to the caseband 2 on the side, respectively, of a front face 9 (where are displayed information intended for the wearer) and a rear face (against the wrist of the wearer).
  • the mechanical resonator 8 comprises, first of all, an oscillating balance 11 mounted in rotation with respect to the plate 7 about an axis 12. More precisely, the balance 11 is mounted between the plate 7 and a bridge 13 balance fixed on it.
  • the plate 7 incorporates a lower bearing 14 in which a lower end of the axis 12 is fitted.
  • the balance bridge 13 incorporates an upper bearing 15 in which an upper end of the shaft 12 is fitted.
  • the balance 11 fulfills the function of a flywheel. It has an upper face 16 and a lower face 17 which jointly define at least one interior cavity 18.
  • the balance 11 can be made of brass. However, it is preferably made of an electrically non-conductive material, e.g. ceramic, quartz, silicon or a polymer to avoid eddy current losses.
  • the cavity 18 is blind (that is to say non-emerging) on at least one of the faces 16, 17 (on the lower face 17 in the example illustrated).
  • the mechanical resonator 8 comprises, secondly, a spiral spring 22 coupled to the balance 11.
  • the spiral spring 22 is produced for example. silicon, quartz, diamond or any other non-magnetic material known to those skilled in the art.
  • the spiral spring 22 has a first end 23 fixed relative to the plate 7, and a second end integral with the balance 11. More precisely, the first end 23, outside the spiral spring 22, is trapped in a holder. Eyebolt 24 integral with the upper bearing 15. The second end, inside the spring, is integral with the axis 12 of rotation of the balance 11.
  • the mechanical resonator 8 is intended, by the alternating rotation of the balance 11 accompanied (and constrained) by the compression-relaxation cycles of the spiral spring 22, to make the rotation of a gear train for transmitting an engine torque sequential and regular ( produced by a barrel spring (not shown) to display members (typically needles).
  • the rate of the mechanical resonator 8 can in particular be affected by the level of winding of the barrel spring, the ambient temperature or even the spatial orientation of the watch 1.
  • the magnet 30 (or each magnet 30) is mounted fixedly relative to the plate 7, while the coil 31 (or each coil 31), the quartz resonator 32 and the electronic circuit 33 are mounted on the balance 11 in being completely included in the cavity 18 delimited by the latter.
  • the magnet 30 (or the magnets 30) generate (s) a permanent magnetic field (that is to say, the value of which is invariable over time) and stationary (that is to say, the value of which is invariable at each point in space, taking plate 7 as a reference).
  • This magnetic field is partially illustrated in phantom lines on the FIG. 9 .
  • the magnet 30 (or each magnet 30) is advantageously made of a neodymium-iron-boron alloy, which offers the advantage of generating a powerful magnetic field while being of contained volume (and mass).
  • Magnet 30 (or each magnet 30) is preferably at least partly (and preferably totally, or even totally) housed in a notch 34 made in plate 7 (or in balance bridge 13).
  • the electromagnetic regulator 29 preferably comprises at least one pair of magnets 30 mounted fixedly relative to the plate 7. These magnets 30 can be mounted side by side on the plate 7, or on the balance bridge 13.
  • the upper magnets 30 are advantageously positioned in line with the lower magnets 30.
  • the opposite faces of the upper magnets 30 and the lower magnets 30 are advantageously of the same polarity, so as to obtain a good local concentration of the field. magnetic, and field lines oriented perpendicular to the plane swept by the balance 11.
  • the magnets 30, while generating a powerful magnetic field have a small volume which allows their discreet integration into the plate 7 and / or into the balance bridge 13. In fact, it is even possible to make them invisible to the naked eye. It is also possible to envisage masking them by means of one or more pellet (s) 35 which can also each play the role of a pole piece to concentrate the magnetic field generated by the magnets.
  • the magnets 30 can be arranged in various configurations, in addition to those which have just been described. Thus, it may be advantageous to arrange the magnets 30 in a configuration, illustrated in FIG. 10 , called Halbach, in which several magnets 30 are arranged side by side with their polarities shifted by 90 ° (it is easy to understand, on the FIG. 10 , that the letters N and S respectively denote the north and south poles of the magnets 30).
  • Halbach in which several magnets 30 are arranged side by side with their polarities shifted by 90 ° (it is easy to understand, on the FIG. 10 , that the letters N and S respectively denote the north and south poles of the magnets 30).
  • Such a configuration makes it possible to concentrate the magnetic field on one face of the series of magnets 30, as illustrated by the arrows, while the opposite face generates only a weak magnetic field.
  • the internal cavity 18 of the balance 11 is defined by the rim 20: it is therefore in the rim 20 that the (or each) coil 31, the quartz resonator 32 and the electronic circuit 33 are housed.
  • the passage of the (or each) coil 31 in the magnetic field generated by the magnet (s) 30 induces therein a current which supplies the electronic circuit 33 and the quartz resonator 32.
  • the quartz resonator 32 vibrates at a predetermined fixed frequency and provides a clock rate to the electronic circuit 33.
  • the electronic circuit 33 is programmed to measure the frequency of the oscillations of the balance 11 (which result in pulses electrical) and to compare them with a predetermined reference frequency, derived from the clock rate provided by the quartz.
  • the electronic circuit 33 imposes a voltage across the coils 31 that produces a back-electromotive force which either increases the frequency of rotation of the balance 11 (when this frequency is declared lower than the reference frequency) or decreases it (when this frequency is declared higher than the reference frequency), depending on the instant at which this voltage is applied.
  • the distance between the quartz resonator 32 and the circuit 33 is preferable for the distance between the quartz resonator 32 and the circuit 33 to be small, so as to minimize any interference.
  • the electromagnetic regulator 29 comprises a pair of coils 31.
  • These coils 31 can be diametrically opposed ( FIG. 2 , FIG.5 to FIG.8 , FIG. 9 , FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , FIG. 16 , FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 .
  • the coils 31 can be angularly offset by an angle of 120 ° for example, as illustrated in the FIG.13, FIG.14 and FIG. 15 .
  • the electromagnetic regulator 29 may include only one coil 31 ( FIG.19 to FIG.22 ) which passes alternately opposite two magnets 30 angularly offset (or two pairs of magnets 30 angularly offset).
  • the regulator 29 advantageously comprises capacitors 36 coupled to the circuit 33 and whose function is twofold: to rectify the voltage at the terminals of the circuit 33; provide a gain on this voltage by increasing its value.
  • the movement 6 also comprises a cover 37 mounted on the balance 11 and which closes the cavity 18.
  • This cover 37 makes it possible to conceal in view of the wearer, the coils 31, the quartz resonator 32 and the electrical circuit 33, for the benefit of the aesthetics of the movement 6.
  • This cover 37 is advantageously made of brass, which has the advantage to be non-magnetic and, consequently, not to affect the movements of the balance 11 immersed in the magnetic field generated by the magnet 30 (or the magnets 30).
  • the cover can be made of ceramic, quartz, silicon or a polymer.
  • the balance 11 may be pierced with notches or holes, distributed so as to compensate for the imbalance induced by the on-board components (in particular the coils 31, the quartz resonator 32, circuit 33 and capacitors 36.
  • weights 38 the number and / or position of which can be adjustable, can be mounted on the balance 11 (typically on the rim 20) .
  • the electromagnetic regulator 29 is completely hidden, and invisible to the wearer of the watch 1, for the benefit of the aesthetics of the latter.
  • the moving components of the regulator 29 (coils 31, quartz resonator 32, circuit 33, capacitors 36) are included in the internal cavity 18 of the balance 11. These moving components are hidden from the view of the wearer either by the blind face of the balance 11 (here the lower face 17), or by the cover 37.
  • the magnets 30 they are also invisible (or at the very least discreet) by being masked either by the mass of the plate 7, or by the mass of the balance bridge 13, or by a pellet 35.
  • the inclusion of the magnet 30 (or magnets 30), compact (s) in the plate 7 and / or in the balance bridge 13 does not require any particular modification of their shape, and in particular does not require not to thicken it (respectively to thicken them).
  • the inclusion of the coil (s) 31, of the quartz resonator 32 and of the electronic circuit 33 in the balance 11 (and more precisely in the rim 20) does not generate any extra thickness. It may be necessary to widen the rim 20 or the arms 21 if necessary, but this widening does not affect the overall size of the balance 11.
  • the generated magnetic field is permanent and stationary, unaffected by undesirable variations.
  • the coils 31 are passive when they are outside the magnetic field generated by the magnets 30, the frequency of rotation of the balance 11 is not affected by the possible presence of metal parts in its close environment.

Description

Mouvement horloger équipé d'un résonateur mécanique à balancier et d'un régulateur électromagnétique pourvu d'une bobine intégrée au balancier.Watch movement equipped with a mechanical balance resonator and an electromagnetic regulator fitted with a coil integrated into the balance.

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'invention a trait au domaine de l'horlogerie. Elle concerne, plus précisément, un mouvement horloger destiné à équiper une montre et comprenant :

  • Un résonateur mécanique comprenant un balancier couplé à un ressort spiral et animé d'oscillations périodiques,
  • Un régulateur électromagnétique couplé au résonateur mécanique pour en réguler la fréquence des oscillations,
  • Un générateur électrique permettant d'alimenter le régulateur électromagnétique.
The invention relates to the field of watchmaking. It relates, more precisely, to a watch movement intended to equip a watch and comprising:
  • A mechanical resonator comprising a balance coupled to a spiral spring and driven by periodic oscillations,
  • An electromagnetic regulator coupled to the mechanical resonator to regulate the frequency of the oscillations,
  • An electric generator to power the electromagnetic regulator.

ART ANTERIEURPRIOR ART

La marche d'un mouvement horloger, et sa capacité à donner l'heure avec précision, dépend de la précision de son résonateur mécanique, c'est-à-dire de la précision - et de la constance - de sa fréquence d'oscillation.The rate of a watch movement, and its ability to tell time with precision, depends on the precision of its mechanical resonator, that is to say on the precision - and the constancy - of its frequency of oscillation. .

Or il est connu que divers facteurs peuvent affecter la fréquence d'oscillation d'un résonateur mécanique :

  • Niveau d'armage du barillet (l'on sait que le couple moteur généré par le barillet varie en fonction de son niveau d'armage),
  • Température ambiante (l'on sait que la température affecte tant les pièces mécaniques, qui se dilatent à la chaleur et se contractent au froid, que les lubrifiants, qui sont fluides à la chaleur et visqueux au froid),
  • Orientation spatiale de la montre (l'on sait que la gravité, dont le vecteur n'est pas fixe dans le référentiel variable d'une montre bracelet, a une influence sur le mouvement des pièces mobiles, et en particulier du balancier).
However, it is known that various factors can affect the oscillation frequency of a mechanical resonator:
  • Barrel winding level (we know that the motor torque generated by the barrel varies according to its winding level),
  • Ambient temperature (we know that temperature affects both mechanical parts, which expand in heat and contract in cold, and lubricants, which are fluid in heat and viscous in cold),
  • Spatial orientation of the watch (we know that gravity, the vector of which is not fixed in the variable frame of reference of a wristwatch, has an influence on the movement of the moving parts, and in particular of the balance).

Pour limiter les variations de la fréquence d'oscillation du résonateur mécanique, il est connu d'équiper le mouvement d'un régulateur électromagnétique qui prélève une partie de l'énergie mécanique du balancier, la convertit en électricité, et induit sur le balancier une force électromotrice ou contre-électromotrice selon qu'il est nécessaire d'augmenter sa fréquence d'oscillation ou, au contraire, de la diminuer pour la maintenir dans une plage permettant de garantir la précision du mouvement.To limit variations in the frequency of oscillation of the mechanical resonator, it is known practice to equip the movement with an electromagnetic regulator which takes part of the mechanical energy from the balance, converts it into electricity, and induces a balance on the balance. electromotive or counter-electromotive force depending on whether it is necessary to increase its oscillation frequency or, on the contrary, to decrease it in order to maintain it within a range making it possible to guarantee the precision of the movement.

La problématique de la régulation de la fréquence d'oscillation d'un résonateur mécanique est bien détaillée dans la demande de brevet suisse CH 713 306 , qui propose d'ailleurs, pour la résoudre, un dispositif de régulation muni d'un dispositif de mesure agencé pour déterminer si le résonateur mécanique est affecté d'une avance ou d'un retard, et d'un dispositif d'application d'impulsions de régulation agencé pour pouvoir sélectivement appliquer au résonateur mécanique une première impulsion de freinage ou, respectivement, une deuxième impulsion de freinage.The problem of regulating the oscillation frequency of a mechanical resonator is well detailed in the Swiss patent application. CH 713 306 , which moreover proposes, to solve it, a regulation device provided with a measuring device arranged to determine whether the mechanical resonator is affected by an advance or a delay, and with a device for applying d regulation pulses arranged to be able to selectively apply to the mechanical resonator a first braking pulse or, respectively, a second braking pulse.

Concrètement, le dispositif de régulation comprend :

  • Une paire d'aimants permanents mobiles, portés par le balancier,
  • Une bobine fixe, solidaire d'un support du balancier, en regard de laquelle les aimants transitent lors de la rotation du balancier ;
  • Un résonateur à quartz également solidaire du support du balancier ;
  • Un circuit électronique de commande relié à la bobine et au résonateur à quartz, et agencé pour calculer les instants d'application des impulsions de régulation.
Concretely, the regulation device includes:
  • A pair of mobile permanent magnets, carried by the balance,
  • A fixed coil, integral with a support of the balance, opposite which the magnets pass during the rotation of the balance;
  • A quartz resonator also integral with the support of the balance;
  • An electronic control circuit connected to the coil and to the quartz resonator, and arranged to calculate the instants of application of the regulation pulses.

Si la solution proposée par le brevet suisse CH 713 306 résout effectivement le problème de la régulation du résonateur mécanique, elle pose plusieurs problèmes nouveaux :

  • Un problème d'esthétique : les composants du dispositif de régulation sont visibles par le porteur de la montre (au travers d'une glace de fermeture du boîtier) ;
  • Un problème d'encombrement : il est en effet nécessaire de ménager, parmi les composants existants du mouvement, une place pour les composants du dispositif de régulation, et en particulier pour la bobine, le résonateur à quartz et le circuit électronique de commande ;
  • Un problème de couplage magnétique : les aimants portés par le balancier circulent, lors de la rotation du balancier, dans un environnement contenant des pièces métalliques susceptibles d'interagir avec le champ magnétique des aimants et donc d'induire sur le balancier un couple de freinage non maîtrisé.
If the solution proposed by the Swiss patent CH 713 306 effectively solves the problem of the regulation of the mechanical resonator, it poses several new problems:
  • An aesthetic problem: the components of the regulating device are visible to the wearer of the watch (through a glass closing the case);
  • A problem of bulk: it is in fact necessary to provide, among the existing components of the movement, a place for the components of the regulation device, and in particular for the coil, the quartz resonator and the electronic control circuit;
  • A magnetic coupling problem: the magnets carried by the balance circulate, during the rotation of the balance, in an environment containing metal parts likely to interact with the magnetic field of the magnets and therefore induce a braking torque on the balance not mastered.

Le document EP 1 521 141 A1 adresse également de façon similaire la problématique de la régulation de la fréquence d'oscillation d'un résonateur mécanique. Un objectif de l'invention est d'apporter une solution à ces problèmes.The document EP 1 521 141 A1 similarly addresses the problem of regulating the oscillation frequency of a mechanical resonator. An objective of the invention is to provide a solution to these problems.

RESUME DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Pour atteindre cet objectif, il est proposé, en premier lieu, un mouvement horloger selon la revendication 1.To achieve this objective, it is proposed, first of all, a watch movement according to claim 1.

Ce mouvement présente un encombrement similaire à un mouvement mécanique classique, tout en résolvant le problème du couplage magnétique (notamment grâce à l'immobilité des aimants permanents).This movement has a size similar to a conventional mechanical movement, while solving the problem of magnetic coupling (in particular thanks to the immobility of the permanent magnets).

Selon les revendications dépendantes 2-11, diverses caractéristiques supplémentaires peuvent être prévues.According to dependent claims 2-11, various additional features can be provided.

Ainsi, par exemple, la cavité est borgne du côté de l'une au moins des faces du balancier.Thus, for example, the cavity is blind on the side of at least one of the faces of the balance.

Le régulateur peut comprendre une paire de bobines. Ces bobines sont de préférence diamétralement opposées mais, dans certaines configurations, elles peuvent être décalées angulairement de 120° par exemple.The regulator may include a pair of coils. These coils are preferably diametrically opposed but, in certain configurations, they can be angularly offset by 120 ° for example.

Le régulateur électromagnétique comprend de préférence des capacités couplées au circuit électronique.The electromagnetic regulator preferably includes capacitors coupled to the electronic circuit.

Un couvercle est avantageusement monté sur le balancier pour fermer la cavité.A cover is advantageously mounted on the balance to close the cavity.

Le (ou chaque) aimant permanent est de préférence réalisé dans un alliage néodyme-fer-bore.The (or each) permanent magnet is preferably made from a neodymium-iron-boron alloy.

Selon divers modes de réalisation, le régulateur électromagnétique comprend :

  • Au moins une paire d'aimants montés fixement par rapport à la platine du côté de la face supérieure du balancier ;
  • Au moins deux aimants en regard l'un de l'autre, à savoir un aimant supérieur monté fixement par rapport à la platine du côté de la face supérieure du balancier, et un aimant inférieur monté fixement par rapport à la platine du côté de la face inférieure du balancier ;
  • Au moins deux paires d'aimants, à savoir une première paire d'aimants supérieurs montés fixement par rapport à la platine du côté de la face supérieure du balancier, et une paire d'aimants inférieurs montés fixement par rapport à la platine du côté de la face inférieure du balancier.
According to various embodiments, the electromagnetic regulator comprises:
  • At least one pair of magnets mounted fixedly with respect to the plate on the side of the upper face of the balance;
  • At least two magnets facing each other, namely an upper magnet mounted fixedly relative to the plate on the side of the upper face of the balance, and a lower magnet mounted fixedly relative to the plate on the side of the balance. underside of the balance;
  • At least two pairs of magnets, namely a first pair of upper magnets fixedly mounted with respect to the plate on the side of the upper face of the balance, and a pair of lower magnets fixedly mounted with respect to the plate on the side of the balance. the underside of the balance.

Il est proposé, en deuxième lieu, une montre équipée d'un mouvement tel que présenté ci-dessus, selon la revendication 12.Secondly, there is proposed a watch equipped with a movement as presented above, according to claim 12.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres objets et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lumière de la description d'un mode de réalisation, faite ci-après en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La FIG.1 est une vue en perspective éclatée, par-dessous, d'une montre équipée d'un mouvement selon l'invention ;
  • La FIG.2 est une vue en perspective éclatée du mouvement selon l'invention, côté face inférieure ;
  • La FIG.3 est une vue en perspective éclatée du mouvement de la FIG.2, côté face supérieure ;
  • La FIG.4 est une vue en plan du mouvement selon l'invention ;
  • Les FIG.5, FIG.6, FIG.7 et FIG.8 sont des vues partielles en plan illustrant le mouvement du balancier équipant le mouvement ;
  • La FIG.9 est une vue en coupe du mouvement selon le plan IX-IX de la FIG.4 ;
  • La FIG.10 est un schéma montrant une configuration magnétique possible ;
  • Les FIG.11 à FIG.22 représentent diverses variantes d'architecture pour le balancier.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent in the light of the description of an embodiment, given below with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • The FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view, from below, of a watch equipped with a movement according to the invention;
  • The FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the movement according to the invention, on the underside side;
  • The FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the movement of the FIG. 2 , upper face side;
  • The FIG. 4 is a plan view of the movement according to the invention;
  • The FIG.5, FIG.6, FIG.7 and FIG.8 are partial plan views illustrating the movement of the balance equipping the movement;
  • The FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the movement along the IX-IX plane of the FIG. 4 ;
  • The FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a possible magnetic configuration;
  • The FIG.11 to FIG.22 represent various architectural variants for the balance.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Sur la FIG.1 est partiellement représentée une pièce d'horlogerie, en l'espèce une montre 1. La montre 1 comprend une carrure 2 qui définit un volume 3 interne. Dans l'exemple illustré, la montre 1 est conçue pour être portée au poignet. La carrure 2 comprend à cet effet des cornes 4, sur lesquelles est fixé un bracelet 5.On the FIG. 1 partially shown is a timepiece, in this case a watch 1. Watch 1 comprises a middle part 2 which defines an internal volume 3. In the example illustrated, watch 1 is designed to be worn on the wrist. The middle part 2 comprises for this purpose horns 4, on which a bracelet 5 is fixed.

La montre 1 comprend un mouvement 6 horloger conçu pour indiquer au moins les heures et les minutes. Le mouvement 6 est de type mécanique (c'est-à-dire que l'énergie est fournie par un ressort de barillet) ; son remontage peut être manuel (c'est-à-dire que l'armage du ressort de barillet est effectué manuellement au moyen d'un remontoir) ou automatique (c'est-à-dire que l'armage du ressort de barillet résulte de la rotation d'une masse oscillante).Watch 1 comprises a horological movement 6 designed to indicate at least the hours and minutes. The movement 6 is of the mechanical type (that is to say that the energy is supplied by a barrel spring); its winding can be manual (i.e. winding of the barrel spring is carried out manually by means of a winder) or automatic (i.e. winding of the barrel spring results of the rotation of an oscillating weight).

Le mouvement 6 comprend :

  • Une platine 7 destinée à venir se loger dans le volume 3 interne défini par la carrure 2 en étant fixée à celle-ci (typiquement au moyen de vis) ;
  • Un résonateur 8 mécanique monté sur la platine 7 et conçu pour fournir une cadence de marche pour des indicateurs temporels, typiquement des aiguilles des heures et des minutes.
Movement 6 includes:
  • A plate 7 intended to be housed in the internal volume 3 defined by the middle part 2 while being fixed thereto (typically by means of screws);
  • A mechanical resonator 8 mounted on plate 7 and designed to provide a rate of movement for time indicators, typically hour and minute hands.

La montre 1 comporte en outre une glace et un fond (non représentés), fixés sur la carrure 2 du côté, respectivement, d'une face 9 frontale (où sont affichées les informations destinées au porteur) et d'une face 10 postérieure (contre le poignet du porteur).Watch 1 further comprises a crystal and a back (not shown), fixed to the caseband 2 on the side, respectively, of a front face 9 (where are displayed information intended for the wearer) and a rear face (against the wrist of the wearer).

La plupart des composants du mouvement 6 se trouvent du côté de la platine 7 tourné vers la face 10 postérieure de la carrure 2 (en d'autres termes, la platine 7 est montée à l'envers dans la carrure 2). Par conséquent, dans ce qui suit, le terme « supérieur » désigne une direction orientée vers la face 10 postérieure de la carrure 2, tandis que le terme « inférieur » désigne une direction orientée vers sa face 9 frontale.Most of the components of the movement 6 are found on the side of the plate 7 facing the posterior face of the middle 2 (in other words, the plate 7 is mounted upside down in the middle 2). Consequently, in what follows, the term "upper" denotes a direction oriented towards the rear face 10 of the middle part 2, while the term "lower" denotes a direction oriented towards its front face 9.

De manière classique, le résonateur 8 mécanique comprend, en premier lieu, un balancier 11 oscillant monté en rotation par rapport à la platine 7 autour d'un axe 12. Plus précisément, le balancier 11 est monté entre la platine 7 et un pont 13 de balancier fixé sur celle-ci. La platine 7 intègre un palier 14 inférieur dans lequel est emboîtée une extrémité inférieure de l'axe 12. Le pont 13 de balancier intègre un palier 15 supérieur dans lequel est emboîtée une extrémité supérieure de l'axe 12.Conventionally, the mechanical resonator 8 comprises, first of all, an oscillating balance 11 mounted in rotation with respect to the plate 7 about an axis 12. More precisely, the balance 11 is mounted between the plate 7 and a bridge 13 balance fixed on it. The plate 7 incorporates a lower bearing 14 in which a lower end of the axis 12 is fitted. The balance bridge 13 incorporates an upper bearing 15 in which an upper end of the shaft 12 is fitted.

Le balancier 11 remplit une fonction de volant d'inertie. Il présente une face 16 supérieure et une face 17 inférieure qui délimitent conjointement au moins une cavité 18 intérieure. Le balancier 11 peut être réalisé en laiton. Cependant, il est de préférence réalisé dans un matériau non conducteur de l'électricité, par ex. en céramique, en quartz, en silicium ou dans un polymère pour éviter les pertes par courant de Foucault.The balance 11 fulfills the function of a flywheel. It has an upper face 16 and a lower face 17 which jointly define at least one interior cavity 18. The balance 11 can be made of brass. However, it is preferably made of an electrically non-conductive material, e.g. ceramic, quartz, silicon or a polymer to avoid eddy current losses.

Selon un mode préféré de réalisation illustré sur les dessins, et notamment sur les FIG.2 et FIG.3, la cavité 18 est borgne (c'est-à-dire non-débouchante) sur l'une au moins des faces 16, 17 (sur la face 17 inférieure dans l'exemple illustré).According to a preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawings, and in particular in the FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the cavity 18 is blind (that is to say non-emerging) on at least one of the faces 16, 17 (on the lower face 17 in the example illustrated).

Comme illustré notamment sur la FIG.2, le balancier 11 comprend :

  • Un moyeu 19 par lequel il est chassé sur son axe 12,
  • Une serge 20, sous forme d'un anneau périphérique, et
  • Un ou plusieurs bras 21 (ici au nombre de deux, mais ce nombre n'est qu'illustratif) qui relie(nt) le moyeu 19 à la serge 20.
As illustrated in particular on the FIG. 2 , the balance 11 comprises:
  • A hub 19 by which it is driven on its axis 12,
  • A serge 20, in the form of a peripheral ring, and
  • One or more arms 21 (here two in number, but this number is only illustrative) which connects the hub 19 to the rim 20.

Le résonateur 8 mécanique comprend, en deuxième lieu, un ressort 22 spiral couplé au balancier 11. Le ressort 22 spiral est réalisé par ex. en silicium, en quartz, en diamant ou tout autre matériau amagnétique connu de l'homme du métier. Le ressort 22 spiral présente une première extrémité 23 fixe par rapport à la platine 7, et une seconde extrémité solidaire du balancier 11. Plus précisément, la première extrémité 23, à l'extérieur du ressort 22 spiral, est prisonnière d'un porte-piton 24 solidaire du palier 15 supérieur. La deuxième extrémité, à l'intérieur du ressort, est solidaire de l'axe 12 de rotation du balancier 11.The mechanical resonator 8 comprises, secondly, a spiral spring 22 coupled to the balance 11. The spiral spring 22 is produced for example. silicon, quartz, diamond or any other non-magnetic material known to those skilled in the art. The spiral spring 22 has a first end 23 fixed relative to the plate 7, and a second end integral with the balance 11. More precisely, the first end 23, outside the spiral spring 22, is trapped in a holder. eyebolt 24 integral with the upper bearing 15. The second end, inside the spring, is integral with the axis 12 of rotation of the balance 11.

Le résonateur 8 mécanique est destiné, par la rotation alternée du balancier 11 accompagnée (et contrainte) par les cycles de compression-détente du ressort 22 spiral, à rendre séquentielle et régulière la rotation d'un rouage de transmission d'un couple moteur (produit par un ressort de barillet non représenté) à des organes d'affichage (typiquement des aiguilles).The mechanical resonator 8 is intended, by the alternating rotation of the balance 11 accompanied (and constrained) by the compression-relaxation cycles of the spiral spring 22, to make the rotation of a gear train for transmitting an engine torque sequential and regular ( produced by a barrel spring (not shown) to display members (typically needles).

Le couplage du résonateur 8 mécanique au rouage de transmission est assuré par un mécanisme 25 d'échappement qui comprend :

  • Une roue 26 d'échappement, montée en rotation sur la platine 7 et pourvue d'une denture périphérique asymétrique, et
  • Une ancre 27, montée en rotation entre la platine 7 et un pont 28 d'ancre et pourvue d'une paire de palettes qui attaquent la denture de la roue 26 d'échappement, et d'une baguette munie, à une extrémité, d'une fourchette qui coopère avec une cheville solidaire de l'axe 12 de rotation du balancier 11.
The coupling of the mechanical resonator 8 to the transmission train is ensured by an escape mechanism 25 which comprises:
  • An escape wheel 26, mounted in rotation on the plate 7 and provided with an asymmetrical peripheral toothing, and
  • An anchor 27, mounted in rotation between the plate 7 and an anchor bridge 28 and provided with a pair of vanes which attack the toothing of the escape wheel 26, and a rod provided, at one end, with a a fork which cooperates with an ankle integral with the axis 12 of rotation of the balance 11.

Si les mouvements mécaniques sont très appréciés des amateurs d'horlogerie pour leur authenticité, ils demeurent cependant moins précis que les mouvements à quartz, en raison des potentielles variations de la cadence des résonateurs mécaniques.While mechanical movements are highly appreciated by watch enthusiasts for their authenticity, they nevertheless remain less precise than quartz movements, due to the potential variations in the rate of mechanical resonators.

La cadence du résonateur 8 mécanique peut notamment être affectée par le niveau d'armage du ressort de barillet, la température ambiante ou encore l'orientation spatiale de la montre 1.The rate of the mechanical resonator 8 can in particular be affected by the level of winding of the barrel spring, the ambient temperature or even the spatial orientation of the watch 1.

Tout en demeurant mécanique, c'est-à-dire puisant son énergie motrice dans un ressort, le mouvement 6 est rendu plus précis étant équipé d'un régulateur 29 de type électromagnétique qui corrige les éventuelles variations de cadence du résonateur 8 mécanique.While remaining mechanical, that is to say drawing its driving energy from a spring, the movement 6 is made more precise by being equipped with a regulator 29 of the electromagnetic type which corrects any variations in the rate of the mechanical resonator 8.

Plus précisément, le régulateur 29 électromagnétique est couplé au résonateur 8 mécanique pour réguler la fréquence des oscillations du balancier 11. Ce régulateur 29 électromagnétique comprend :

  • Au moins un aimant 30 permanent,
  • Au moins une bobine 31,
  • Un résonateur 32 à quartz ou en silicium et
  • Un circuit 33 électronique relié au résonateur et à la bobine.
More precisely, the electromagnetic regulator 29 is coupled to the mechanical resonator 8 to regulate the frequency of the oscillations of the balance 11. This electromagnetic regulator 29 comprises:
  • At least one permanent magnet,
  • At least one coil 31,
  • A quartz or silicon resonator 32 and
  • An electronic circuit 33 connected to the resonator and to the coil.

Comme illustré notamment sur les FIG.2 et FIG.3, l'aimant 30 (ou chaque aimant 30) est monté fixement par rapport à la platine 7, tandis que la bobine 31 (ou chaque bobine 31), le résonateur 32 à quartz et le circuit 33 électronique sont montés sur le balancier 11 en étant totalement inclus dans la cavité 18 délimitée par celui-ci.As illustrated in particular on the FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the magnet 30 (or each magnet 30) is mounted fixedly relative to the plate 7, while the coil 31 (or each coil 31), the quartz resonator 32 and the electronic circuit 33 are mounted on the balance 11 in being completely included in the cavity 18 delimited by the latter.

L'aimant 30 (ou les aimants 30) génère(nt) un champ magnétique permanent (c'est-à-dire dont la valeur est invariable dans le temps) et stationnaire (c'est-à-dire dont la valeur est invariable en chaque point de l'espace, en prenant la platine 7 comme référence). Ce champ magnétique est partiellement illustré en traits mixtes sur la FIG.9.The magnet 30 (or the magnets 30) generate (s) a permanent magnetic field (that is to say, the value of which is invariable over time) and stationary (that is to say, the value of which is invariable at each point in space, taking plate 7 as a reference). This magnetic field is partially illustrated in phantom lines on the FIG. 9 .

L'aimant 30 (ou chaque aimant 30) est avantageusement réalisé dans un alliage néodyme-fer-bore, qui offre l'avantage de générer un champ magnétique puissant tout en étant de volume (et de masse) contenu(e).The magnet 30 (or each magnet 30) is advantageously made of a neodymium-iron-boron alloy, which offers the advantage of generating a powerful magnetic field while being of contained volume (and mass).

L'aimant 30 (ou chaque aimant 30) est de préférence au moins en partie (et de préférence totalement, voire totalement) logé dans une échancrure 34 pratiquée dans la platine 7 (ou dans le pont 13 de balancier).Magnet 30 (or each magnet 30) is preferably at least partly (and preferably totally, or even totally) housed in a notch 34 made in plate 7 (or in balance bridge 13).

Le régulateur 29 électromagnétique comprend de préférence au moins une paire d'aimants 30 montés fixement par rapport à la platine 7. Ces aimants 30 peuvent être montés côte à côte sur la platine 7, ou sur le pont 13 de balancier.The electromagnetic regulator 29 preferably comprises at least one pair of magnets 30 mounted fixedly relative to the plate 7. These magnets 30 can be mounted side by side on the plate 7, or on the balance bridge 13.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le mouvement 6 comprend au moins deux aimants 30 en regard l'un de l'autre, à savoir :

  • Un aimant 30 supérieur monté fixement par rapport à la platine 7 du côté de la face 16 supérieure du balancier 11 (cet aimant 30 supérieur est par ex. fixé sur le pont 13 de balancier), et
  • Un aimant 30 inférieur monté fixement par rapport à la platine 7 du côté de la face 17 inférieure du balancier 11 (cet aimant 30 inférieur est par ex. fixé sur la platine 7).
According to a particular embodiment, the movement 6 comprises at least two magnets 30 facing each other, namely:
  • An upper magnet 30 fixedly mounted relative to the plate 7 on the side of the upper face 16 of the balance 11 (this upper magnet 30 is for example fixed to the balance bridge 13), and
  • A lower magnet 30 fixedly mounted relative to the plate 7 on the side of the lower face 17 of the balance 11 (this lower magnet 30 is for example fixed to the plate 7).

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation illustré notamment sur les FIG.2 et FIG.3, le régulateur 29 électromagnétique comprend au moins deux paires d'aimants 30, à savoir :

  • Une première paire d'aimants 30 supérieurs montés fixement par rapport à la platine 7 du côté de la face 16 supérieure du balancier 11 (ces aimants 30 supérieurs étant ici fixés sur le pont 13 de balancier), et
  • Une paire d'aimants 30 inférieurs montés fixement par rapport à la platine 7 du côté de la face 17 inférieure du balancier 11 (les aimants 30 inférieurs sont ici fixés sur la platine 7).
According to a particular embodiment illustrated in particular on the FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the electromagnetic regulator 29 comprises at least two pairs of magnets 30, namely:
  • A first pair of upper magnets 30 mounted fixedly relative to the plate 7 on the side of the upper face 16 of the balance 11 (these upper magnets 30 being here fixed to the balance bridge 13), and
  • A pair of lower magnets 30 mounted fixedly relative to the plate 7 on the side of the lower face 17 of the balance 11 (the lower magnets 30 are here fixed to the plate 7).

Dans ce cas, les aimants 30 supérieurs sont avantageusement positionnés au droit des aimants 30 inférieurs. Les faces en regard des aimants 30 supérieurs et des aimants 30 inférieurs sont avantageusement de même polarité, de sorte à obtenir une bonne concentration locale du champ magnétique, et des lignes de champ orientées perpendiculairement au plan balayé par le balancier 11.In this case, the upper magnets 30 are advantageously positioned in line with the lower magnets 30. The opposite faces of the upper magnets 30 and the lower magnets 30 are advantageously of the same polarity, so as to obtain a good local concentration of the field. magnetic, and field lines oriented perpendicular to the plane swept by the balance 11.

Grâce au recours à l'alliage néodyme-fer-bore, les aimants 30, tout en générant un champ magnétique puissant, présentent un volume restreint qui permet leur intégration discrète dans la platine 7 et/ou dans le pont 13 de balancier. De fait, il est même possible de les rendre invisibles à l'œil nu. Il est également envisageable de les masquer au moyen d'une ou plusieurs pastille(s) 35 qui peuvent en outre, chacune, jouer le rôle d'une pièce polaire pour concentrer le champ magnétique généré par les aimants.Thanks to the use of the neodymium-iron-boron alloy, the magnets 30, while generating a powerful magnetic field, have a small volume which allows their discreet integration into the plate 7 and / or into the balance bridge 13. In fact, it is even possible to make them invisible to the naked eye. It is also possible to envisage masking them by means of one or more pellet (s) 35 which can also each play the role of a pole piece to concentrate the magnetic field generated by the magnets.

Les aimants 30 peuvent être agencés selon diverses configurations, outre celles qui viennent d'être décrites. Ainsi, il peut être avantageux d'agencer les aimants 30 selon une configuration, illustrée sur la FIG.10, dite de Halbach, dans laquelle plusieurs aimants 30 sont disposés côte-à-côte avec leurs polarités décalées de 90° (on comprend aisément, sur la FIG.10, que les lettres N et S désignent respectivement les pôles nord et sud des aimants 30). Une telle configuration permet de concentrer le champ magnétique sur une face de la série d'aimants 30, comme illustré par les flèches, tandis que la face opposée ne génère qu'un faible champ magnétique.The magnets 30 can be arranged in various configurations, in addition to those which have just been described. Thus, it may be advantageous to arrange the magnets 30 in a configuration, illustrated in FIG. 10 , called Halbach, in which several magnets 30 are arranged side by side with their polarities shifted by 90 ° (it is easy to understand, on the FIG. 10 , that the letters N and S respectively denote the north and south poles of the magnets 30). Such a configuration makes it possible to concentrate the magnetic field on one face of the series of magnets 30, as illustrated by the arrows, while the opposite face generates only a weak magnetic field.

Selon un mode préféré de réalisation illustré sur la FIG.2, la cavité 18 intérieure du balancier 11 est définie par la serge 20 : c'est donc dans la serge 20 que sont logés la (ou chaque) bobine 31, le résonateur 32 à quartz et le circuit 33 électronique.According to a preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 , the internal cavity 18 of the balance 11 is defined by the rim 20: it is therefore in the rim 20 that the (or each) coil 31, the quartz resonator 32 and the electronic circuit 33 are housed.

Le passage de la (ou de chaque) bobine 31 dans le champ magnétique généré par le (ou les) aimant(s) 30 induit dans celle-ci un courant qui alimente le circuit 33 électronique et le résonateur 32 à quartz. Par effet piézoélectrique inverse, le résonateur 32 à quartz vibre à une fréquence fixe prédéterminée et fournit une cadence d'horloge au circuit 33 électronique. Le circuit 33 électronique est programmé pour mesurer la fréquence des oscillations du balancier 11 (lesquelles se traduisent par des impulsions électriques) et pour les comparer avec une fréquence de référence prédéterminée, dérivée de la cadence d'horloge fournie par le quartz.The passage of the (or each) coil 31 in the magnetic field generated by the magnet (s) 30 induces therein a current which supplies the electronic circuit 33 and the quartz resonator 32. By reverse piezoelectric effect, the quartz resonator 32 vibrates at a predetermined fixed frequency and provides a clock rate to the electronic circuit 33. The electronic circuit 33 is programmed to measure the frequency of the oscillations of the balance 11 (which result in pulses electrical) and to compare them with a predetermined reference frequency, derived from the clock rate provided by the quartz.

Dès que la fréquence des oscillations du balancier 11 est décrétée différente de la fréquence de référence, le circuit 33 électronique impose aux bornes des bobines 31 une tension produisant une force contre-électromotrice qui, soit augmente la fréquence de rotation du balancier 11 (lorsque cette fréquence est décrétée inférieure à la fréquence de référence), soit la diminue (lorsque cette fréquence est décrétée supérieure à la fréquence de référence), selon l'instant auquel cette tension est appliquée.As soon as the frequency of the oscillations of the balance 11 is decreed to be different from the reference frequency, the electronic circuit 33 imposes a voltage across the coils 31 that produces a back-electromotive force which either increases the frequency of rotation of the balance 11 (when this frequency is declared lower than the reference frequency) or decreases it (when this frequency is declared higher than the reference frequency), depending on the instant at which this voltage is applied.

On notera qu'il est préférable que la distance entre le résonateur 32 à quartz et le circuit 33 soit faible, de sorte à minimiser les éventuels parasites.It will be noted that it is preferable for the distance between the quartz resonator 32 and the circuit 33 to be small, so as to minimize any interference.

Un procédé de régulation magnétique de la fréquence d'oscillation du résonateur 8 mécanique est proposé dans la demande de brevet CH 713 306 .A method of magnetic regulation of the frequency of oscillation of the mechanical resonator 8 is proposed in the patent application. CH 713 306 .

Selon un mode de réalisation illustré sur la FIG.2, sur les FIG.5 à FIG.8, sur la FIG.9 et sur les FIG.11 à FIG.18, le régulateur 29 électromagnétique comprend une paire de bobines 31. Ces bobines 31 peuvent être diamétralement opposées (FIG.2, FIG.5 à FIG.8, FIG.9, FIG.11, FIG.12, FIG.16, FIG.17 et FIG.18. En variante, les bobines 31 peuvent être décalées angulairement d'un angle de 120° par exemple, comme illustré sur les FIG.13, FIG.14 et FIG.15.According to an embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 , on the FIG.5 to FIG.8 , on the FIG. 9 and on FIG.11 to FIG.18 , the electromagnetic regulator 29 comprises a pair of coils 31. These coils 31 can be diametrically opposed ( FIG. 2 , FIG.5 to FIG.8 , FIG. 9 , FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , FIG. 16 , FIG. 17 and FIG. 18 . As a variant, the coils 31 can be angularly offset by an angle of 120 ° for example, as illustrated in the FIG.13, FIG.14 and FIG. 15 .

C'est le passage de l'une des bobines 31 au droit de l'un des aimants 30 (ou d'une paire d'aimants 30) au point d'équilibre du balancier 11 (correspondant à la vitesse maximale de celui-ci lors de la marche du mouvement 6) qui, par induction électromagnétique, génère un courant dans le circuit 33. Le passage de l'autre bobine 31 au droit de l'un des aimants 30 (ou d'une paire d'aimants 30) est détectée par le circuit 33 pour assurer la régulation.It is the passage of one of the coils 31 in line with one of the magnets 30 (or of a pair of magnets 30) at the point of equilibrium of the balance wheel 11 (corresponding to the maximum speed of the latter. during the running of the movement 6) which, by electromagnetic induction, generates a current in the circuit 33. The passage of the other coil 31 in line with one of the magnets 30 (or of a pair of magnets 30) is detected by circuit 33 to ensure regulation.

Comme illustré sur les dessins, diverses configurations du balancier 11 sont envisageables :

  • A deux bras 21 (FIG.2, FIG.5 à FIG.8, FIG.17 à FIG.22) ;
  • A trois bras 21 (FIG.13, FIG.14, FIG.15) ;
  • A quatre bras 21 (FIG.11, FIG.12, FIG.16).
As illustrated in the drawings, various configurations of the balance 11 can be envisaged:
  • Two-armed 21 ( FIG. 2 , FIG.5 to FIG.8 , FIG. 17 to FIG. 22 );
  • Three-armed 21 ( FIG.13, FIG.14 , FIG. 15 );
  • Four-armed 21 ( FIG.11, FIG.12 , FIG. 16 ).

Bien que deux bobines 31 soient préférables, le régulateur 29 électromagnétique peut ne comprendre qu'une bobine 31 (FIG.19 à FIG.22) qui transite en alternance en regard de deux aimants 30 décalés angulairement (ou de deux paires d'aimants 30 décalées angulairement).Although two coils 31 are preferable, the electromagnetic regulator 29 may include only one coil 31 ( FIG.19 to FIG.22 ) which passes alternately opposite two magnets 30 angularly offset (or two pairs of magnets 30 angularly offset).

Les combinaisons sont possibles :

  • Balancier 11 à deux bras 21 ; une bobine 31 (FIG.19 à FIG.22) ;
  • Balancier 11 à deux bras 21 ; deux bobines 31 (FIG.2, FIG.5 à FIG.8, FIG.17, FIG.18) ;
  • Balancier 11 à trois bras 21 ; deux bobines 31 (FIG.13, FIG.14, FIG.15) ;
  • Balancier 11 à quatre bras 21 ; deux bobines 31 (FIG.11, FIG.12, FIG.16).
Combinations are possible:
  • Balancer 11 with two arms 21; a coil 31 ( FIG.19 to FIG.22 );
  • Balancer 11 with two arms 21; two coils 31 ( FIG. 2 , FIG.5 to FIG.8 , FIG. 17, FIG. 18 );
  • Balance wheel 11 with three arms 21; two coils 31 ( FIG.13, FIG.14 , FIG. 15 );
  • Balance wheel 11 with four arms 21; two coils 31 ( FIG.11, FIG.12 , FIG. 16 ).

Comme illustré sur les dessins, le régulateur 29 comprend avantageusement des capacités 36 couplées au circuit 33 et dont la fonction est double : redresser la tension aux bornes du circuit 33 ; procurer un gain sur cette tension en en augmentant la valeur.As illustrated in the drawings, the regulator 29 advantageously comprises capacitors 36 coupled to the circuit 33 and whose function is twofold: to rectify the voltage at the terminals of the circuit 33; provide a gain on this voltage by increasing its value.

Dans l'exemple illustré notamment sur les FIG.2 et FIG.3, où la cavité 18 est débouchante sur l'une des faces du balancier (ici la face 16 supérieure), le mouvement 6 comprend par ailleurs un couvercle 37 monté sur le balancier 11 et qui ferme la cavité 18. Ce couvercle 37 permet de dissimuler à la vue du porteur les bobines 31, le résonateur 32 à quartz et le circuit 33 électrique, au bénéfice de l'esthétique du mouvement 6. Ce couvercle 37 est avantageusement réalisé en laiton, qui présente l'avantage d'être amagnétique et, par conséquent, de ne pas affecter les mouvements du balancier 11 plongé dans le champ magnétique généré par l'aimant 30 (ou les aimants 30). En variante, le couvercle peut être réalisé en céramique, en quartz, en silicium ou dans un polymère.In the example illustrated in particular on the FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , where the cavity 18 opens onto one of the sides of the balance (here the upper side 16), the movement 6 also comprises a cover 37 mounted on the balance 11 and which closes the cavity 18. This cover 37 makes it possible to conceal in view of the wearer, the coils 31, the quartz resonator 32 and the electrical circuit 33, for the benefit of the aesthetics of the movement 6. This cover 37 is advantageously made of brass, which has the advantage to be non-magnetic and, consequently, not to affect the movements of the balance 11 immersed in the magnetic field generated by the magnet 30 (or the magnets 30). As a variant, the cover can be made of ceramic, quartz, silicon or a polymer.

Il peut être nécessaire d'équilibrer les masses sur le balancier 11. A cet effet, celui-ci peut être percé d'échancrures ou de trous, répartis de sorte à compenser le déséquilibrage induit par les composants embarqués (notamment les bobines 31, le résonateur 32 à quartz, le circuit 33 et les capacités 36. En variante, ou en combinaison, des masselottes 38, dont le nombre et/ou la position peut être réglable, peuvent être montées sur le balancier 11 (typiquement sur la serge 20).It may be necessary to balance the masses on the balance 11. For this purpose, the latter may be pierced with notches or holes, distributed so as to compensate for the imbalance induced by the on-board components (in particular the coils 31, the quartz resonator 32, circuit 33 and capacitors 36. As a variant, or in combination, weights 38, the number and / or position of which can be adjustable, can be mounted on the balance 11 (typically on the rim 20) .

L'architecture qui vient d'être décrite (dans toutes ses configurations possibles) présente plusieurs avantages.The architecture which has just been described (in all its possible configurations) has several advantages.

Premièrement, le régulateur 29 électromagnétique se trouve complètement masqué, et invisible pour le porteur de la montre 1, au bénéfice de l'esthétique de celle-ci. Cela résulte de ce que les composants mobiles du régulateur 29 (bobines 31, résonateur 32 à quartz, circuit 33, capacités 36) sont inclus dans la cavité 18 intérieure du balancier 11. Ces composants mobiles sont masqués à la vue du porteur soit par la face borgne du balancier 11 (ici la face 17 inférieure), soit par le couvercle 37. Quant aux aimants 30, ils sont également invisibles (ou à tout le moins discrets) en étant masqués soit par la masse de la platine 7, soit par la masse du pont 13 de balancier, soit par une pastille 35.First, the electromagnetic regulator 29 is completely hidden, and invisible to the wearer of the watch 1, for the benefit of the aesthetics of the latter. This results from the fact that the moving components of the regulator 29 (coils 31, quartz resonator 32, circuit 33, capacitors 36) are included in the internal cavity 18 of the balance 11. These moving components are hidden from the view of the wearer either by the blind face of the balance 11 (here the lower face 17), or by the cover 37. As for the magnets 30, they are also invisible (or at the very least discreet) by being masked either by the mass of the plate 7, or by the mass of the balance bridge 13, or by a pellet 35.

Deuxièmement, l'inclusion de l'aimant 30 (ou des aimants 30), peu encombrant(s) dans la platine 7 et/ou dans le pont 13 de balancier ne nécessite pas de modification particulière de leur forme, et en particulier ne nécessite pas de l'épaissir (respectivement de les épaissir).Second, the inclusion of the magnet 30 (or magnets 30), compact (s) in the plate 7 and / or in the balance bridge 13 does not require any particular modification of their shape, and in particular does not require not to thicken it (respectively to thicken them).

Troisièmement, l'inclusion de la (des) bobine(s) 31, du résonateur 32 à quartz et du circuit 33 électronique dans le balancier 11 (et plus précisément dans la serge 20) ne génère pas de surépaisseur. Il peut être nécessaire d'élargir la serge 20 ou les bras 21 le cas échéant, mais cet élargissement n'affecte pas l'encombrement hors tout du balancier 11.Third, the inclusion of the coil (s) 31, of the quartz resonator 32 and of the electronic circuit 33 in the balance 11 (and more precisely in the rim 20) does not generate any extra thickness. It may be necessary to widen the rim 20 or the arms 21 if necessary, but this widening does not affect the overall size of the balance 11.

Quatrièmement, comme les aimants 30 sont fixes, le champ magnétique généré est permanent et stationnaire, sans être affecté de variations indésirables. Comme les bobines 31 sont quant à elles passives lorsqu'elles se trouvent en dehors du champ magnétique généré par les aimants 30, la fréquence de rotation du balancier 11 n'est pas affectée par la présence éventuelle de pièces métalliques dans son environnement proche.Fourth, since the magnets 30 are fixed, the generated magnetic field is permanent and stationary, unaffected by undesirable variations. As the coils 31 are passive when they are outside the magnetic field generated by the magnets 30, the frequency of rotation of the balance 11 is not affected by the possible presence of metal parts in its close environment.

Claims (12)

  1. A horological movement (6) comprising:
    - A plate (7);
    - A mechanical resonator (8) comprising:
    • An oscillating balance (11) rotatably mounted relative to the plate (7) about an axis (12), this balance (11) having an upper face (16) and a lower face (17), and
    • A spiral spring (22) coupled to the balance (11), this spiral spring (22) having a first end (23) fixed relative to the plate (7) and a second end secured to the balance (11);
    - An electromagnetic regulator (29) coupled to the mechanical resonator (8) to regulate the frequency of the balance (11) oscillations, this electromagnetic regulator (29) comprising:
    • At least one permanent magnet (30),
    • At least one coil (31),
    • A quartz or silicon resonator (32) and
    • An electronic circuit (33) connected to the resonator (32) and to the coil (31);
    This movement (6) being characterised in that:
    - The magnet (30) is fixedly mounted relative to the plate (7);
    - The coil (31), the resonator (32) and the electronic circuit (33) are mounted on the balance (11) while being completely included in at least one inner cavity (18) delimited by the latter.
  2. The movement (6) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the cavity (18) is blind on the side of at least one of the faces (16, 17) of the balance (11).
  3. The movement (6) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the balance (6) comprises a felloe (20) which defines a cavity (18) wherein the (or each) coil (31), the quartz resonator (32) and the electronic circuit (33) are housed.
  4. The movement (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the regulator (29) comprises a pair of coils (31).
  5. The movement (6) according to claim 4, characterised in that the coils (31) are diametrically opposite.
  6. The movement (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the electromagnetic regulator (29) comprises capacitors (36) coupled to the electronic circuit (33).
  7. The movement (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a cover (37) mounted on the balance (11) and which closes the cavity (18) defined by the felloe (20).
  8. The movement (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the (or each) permanent magnet (30) is made of a neodymium-iron-boron alloy.
  9. The movement (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the electromagnetic regulator (29) comprises at least one pair of magnets (30) fixedly mounted relative to the plate (7) on the side of the upper face (16) of the balance (11).
  10. The movement (6) according to claim 8, characterised in that it comprises at least two magnets (30) opposite each other, namely an upper magnet (30) fixedly mounted relative to the plate (7) on the side of the upper face (16) of the balance (11), and a lower magnet (30) fixedly mounted relative to the plate (7) on the side of the lower face (17) of the balance (11).
  11. The movement (6) according to claim 9, characterised in that it comprises at least two pairs of magnets (30), namely a first pair of upper magnets (30) fixedly mounted relative to the plate (7) on the side of the upper face (16) of the balance (11), and a pair of lower magnets (30) fixedly mounted relative to the plate (7) on the side of the lower face (17) of the balance (11).
  12. A watch (1) equipped with a movement (6) according to one of the preceding claims.
EP19166996.9A 2019-04-03 2019-04-03 Auto-adjustable clock oscillator Active EP3719588B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19166996.9A EP3719588B1 (en) 2019-04-03 2019-04-03 Auto-adjustable clock oscillator
US16/821,038 US11537085B2 (en) 2019-04-03 2020-03-17 Self-adjustable horological oscillator
JP2020059492A JP6883684B2 (en) 2019-04-03 2020-03-30 Self-regulating clock oscillator
CN202010259849.6A CN111796503B (en) 2019-04-03 2020-04-03 Self-adjustable clock oscillator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19166996.9A EP3719588B1 (en) 2019-04-03 2019-04-03 Auto-adjustable clock oscillator

Publications (2)

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EP3719588A1 EP3719588A1 (en) 2020-10-07
EP3719588B1 true EP3719588B1 (en) 2021-11-03

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EP19166996.9A Active EP3719588B1 (en) 2019-04-03 2019-04-03 Auto-adjustable clock oscillator

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US (1) US11537085B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3719588B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6883684B2 (en)
CN (1) CN111796503B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN111796503A (en) 2020-10-20
US20200319598A1 (en) 2020-10-08
US11537085B2 (en) 2022-12-27
JP6883684B2 (en) 2021-06-09
CN111796503B (en) 2022-02-25
EP3719588A1 (en) 2020-10-07
JP2020169988A (en) 2020-10-15

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