EP3714274A1 - Verfahren zur quantifizierung von proteinaggregaten einer proteinfehlfaltungserkrankung in einer probe - Google Patents
Verfahren zur quantifizierung von proteinaggregaten einer proteinfehlfaltungserkrankung in einer probeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3714274A1 EP3714274A1 EP18814770.6A EP18814770A EP3714274A1 EP 3714274 A1 EP3714274 A1 EP 3714274A1 EP 18814770 A EP18814770 A EP 18814770A EP 3714274 A1 EP3714274 A1 EP 3714274A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aggregate
- protein
- sample
- molecule
- protein misfolding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
- G01N33/6896—Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
- G01N2333/4709—Amyloid plaque core protein
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
- G01N2800/2814—Dementia; Cognitive disorders
- G01N2800/2821—Alzheimer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
- G01N2800/2814—Dementia; Cognitive disorders
- G01N2800/2828—Prion diseases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
- G01N2800/28—Neurological disorders
- G01N2800/2835—Movement disorders, e.g. Parkinson, Huntington, Tourette
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for quantifying protein aggregates of a protein misfolding disease in a sample.
- Chromatographic separation methods such as size exclusion chromatography and separation methods based on ultracentrifugation methods are known from the prior art for separating proteins in a mixture from one another.
- a sample may be fractionated with amyloid beta so that different amyloid beta species are present in different fractions. These can then be analyzed by ELISA, Western Blot, UV-VIS, mass spectroscopy or SDS-PAGE, such. From Funke et al. is known (S.A. Funke, T. van Groen, I. Kadish, D. Bartnik, L.
- the object of the invention is to provide a highly sensitive method and a device for the quantification of individual protein aggregates in a complex sample or a sample mixture and to specify further applications of the method.
- the invention relates to a method for quantifying protein aggregates of a protein misfolding disease in a sample, characterized by the steps: a) a catcher molecule A is placed on a substrate against the protein of the protein misfolding disease;
- the material of the substrate is selected from the group consisting of or consisting of plastic, silicon and silicon dioxide.
- glass is used as the substrate.
- a microtiter plate with its many reaction chambers is used as the substrate. These are advantageous readable, z. B. microscopic.
- the catcher molecule A is preferably arranged on the surface of the reaction chambers.
- a substrate which has a hydrophilic surface.
- this is achieved by applying a hydrophilic layer, before step a), to the substrate. Consequently, the molecules of the catcher molecule A, in particular covalently bind to the substrate or to the hydrophilic layer with which the substrate is loaded.
- the hydrophilic layer is a biomolecule-repellent layer, so that the unspecific binding of biomolecules to the substrate is advantageously minimized.
- the molecules of the catcher molecule A preferably covalently, are preferably immobilized on this layer. These are affinitive to a trait in the protein aggregate.
- the hydrophilic layer is selected from the group consisting of or consisting of polyethylene glycol, poly-lysine, preferably poly-D-lysine, and dextran or derivatives thereof, preferably carboxymethyl-dextran (CMD).
- CMD carboxymethyl-dextran
- the surface of the substrate is first hydroxylated before application of the hydrophilic layer and then activated with amino groups.
- This activation with amino groups takes place in an alternative by contacting the substrate with APTES (3-aminopropyltrietoxysilane) or with ethanolamine.
- the contacting of the substrate with APTES occurs in the gas phase; the optionally pretreated substrate is thus evaporated with APTES.
- the substrate may be treated with an aqueous solution of CMD at a concentration of 10 mg / ml or 20 mg / ml and optionally N-ethyl-N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) car - Bodiimid (EDC), (200 mM) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), (50 mM) are incubated and then washed.
- CMD carboxymethyl-dextran
- the carboxymethyl-dextran is covalently bonded to the glass surface, which was first hydroxylated and then functionalized with amino groups.
- the substrate used may be microtiter plates, preferably with a glass bottom. Because when using polystyrene frames the use of concentrated
- the capture molecule A is covalently bound to the substrate.
- a hydrophilic layer is immobilized, preferably covalently, the capture molecule A, which are affine towards a feature of the protein aggregate to be detected. This feature can be an epitope or a partial sequence of a protein aggregate.
- catcher molecule A preferably an antibody, optionally after activation of a CMD-coated carrier by a mixture of EDC / NHS (200 or 50 mM), is immobilized on the substrate.
- Residual carboxylate end groups to which no molecules of catcher molecule A have been bound can be deactivated.
- Residual carboxylate end groups to which no molecules of catcher molecule A have been bound can be deactivated.
- To deactivate these carboxylate End groups on the CMD spacer ethanolamine is used.
- the substrates or carriers are optionally rinsed with buffer.
- a monoclonal antibody directed against the monomer of the protein misfolding disease can be used.
- the monoclonal antibody Nab228 can be used and placed on the substrate.
- the capture molecule A has, unlike the capture molecule B described below, in the method according to the invention no detection molecule or parts of the molecule which are suitable for detection.
- the term "arrangement" in the main claim does in particular not include exclusively covalent bonds. In the case of the antibodies, these are specific.
- the method comprises step b). b) A complex sample comprising the aggregate of protein misfolding disease is provided, the aggregate having epitopes of the monomer at the surface of the aggregate;
- a complex sample is meant, in particular, the choice of an already provided sample, which originates from a diseased animal and / or a diseased human having the protein misfolding disease or to check whether the corresponding aggregates are present or Not.
- a sample from an animal is selected, in particular a transgenic mouse suffering from Alzheimer's dementia.
- the sample can be obtained after the death of the animal by processing at least one half of the brain.
- the treatment is meant in particular a homogenization of the brain tissue.
- a sample obtained from a diseased animal is selected and examined for the presence of a protein misfolding disease.
- the sample can also be a cell culture, or an organ taken from an animal or a human, or a sample from a biopsy.
- the sample contains or will be screened for endogenous peptide or protein aggregates of the protein misfolding disease.
- the method relates in particular and particularly advantageously and surprisingly to the highly selective detection of a specific aggregate of a protein misfolding disease from a mixture of proteins and / or protein fragments in the same sample.
- the selected sample it is advantageously possible to detect highly specifically a mixture of more than one protein or protein fragment that has been specifically detected, a specific aggregate of a protein misfolding disease to be detected.
- the sample may be more than 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or even more than 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or even more than 100, 200 , 300, 400, 500, 600, 700,
- the sample can contain thousands of proteins and / or protein fragments. It is called a complex sample in this sense.
- complex sample encompasses the complete homogenate with the complete soluble protein deposit, in particular the brain of a deceased animal or human.
- the complex sample obtained is, in particular, the brain homogenate of an animal, in particular a transgenic mouse suffering from Alzheimer's dementia. This also includes thousands of different proteins and / or protein fragments.
- a complex sample containing the amyloid beta aggregate of Alzheimer's dementia can be selected. Since the small, soluble A ⁇ aggregates (A ⁇ oligomers) have been held responsible for the development and progress of Alzheimer's dementia as the main causative agent for several years, the task of reducing drug candidates to efficiency for the reduction of toxic aggregates is hereby solved. highly sensitive even down to the femtomolar area or even a complete elimination. When an agent is tested for its ability to eliminate the aggregates, detection of these aggregates down to the femtomolar range is possible. If oligomer aggregates are no longer detected, the cure of Alzheimer's dementia or at least improvement of the course of the disease with the method has been proven.
- Step c) envisages removing the insoluble constituents from the selected sample. Step c) therefore requires z. As a filtration or ultracentrifugation to remove the soluble components from the sample. Other methods are conceivable which the skilled person can also apply according to his existing expertise.
- a density gradient centrifugation is preferred for this purpose.
- a density gradient centrifugation is advantageously carried out, with which the sample can be analyzed in up to 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, better in up to 10, and particularly advantageously 11, 12, 13, 14 and most particularly advantageously in up to 15 Fractions are fractionated.
- a certain fraction can be provided and used further, which differs markedly in terms of its s value from other constituents of the other fractions.
- a selection of certain fractions such.
- protofibrils or other precursors, such as oligomers can be selected and studied below.
- the particles formed from the amyloid and / or aggregating peptides and / or proteins are thus separated from each other.
- the particles are contained in amyloid and / or agregating peptides and / or proteins, each having a specific aggregate size and shape.
- This separation of the particles can advantageously be carried out by means of the density gradient centrifugation according to the s value.
- the fractionation of the amyloid and / or aggregating peptides and / or proteins in the sample solution takes place by means of a density gradient centrifugation using z.
- a density gradient centrifugation using z.
- Optiprep Percoll, sucrose or an analogous density gradient material.
- the aggregates are separated according to the size and optionally the form (sedimentation).
- This method is particularly advantageous with aggregating A ⁇ (1-42) aggregates and Tau aggregates.
- size exclusion chromatography can also be used which separates according to the hydrodynamic radius.
- the fractionation is carried out by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation, or by capillary electrophoresis. These methods are also suitable for calibration.
- the fractions can also be used as the basis of the fractionation to be carried out, for. B. the hydrodynamic radius of the particles.
- the fractions are spatially separated from each other, z. B. by pipetting.
- One is therefore not limited to a density gradient centrifugation.
- density gradient centrifugation has the advantage of providing all the aggregates of the amyloid and / or aggregating peptides and / or proteins originally present in the sample for further quantitative analysis.
- the density gradient centrifugation itself is calibrated so that the fractions are exactly determined with respect to their s-value.
- the term "precisely determined” therefore includes a calibration step by fractionation of molecules of known type and behavior. After fractionation, there is only one particular (ie known) type of conformer in each fraction, eg. G., Oligomers or fibrils and so forth that occur in protein misfolding disease.
- sample can pass through different processing steps known to the person skilled in the art in step c).
- a pretreatment of the sample takes place after one or more of the following method steps before the sample is arranged on the catcher molecule A:
- enzymes for example proteases, nucleases, lipases,
- the method requires step d).
- step d) The sample after step c), comprising the aggregate of protein misfolding, is contacted on a part of the substrate with the capture molecule A after step a) and the monomer contained therein and / or the aggregate of the protein misfolding disease at the capture molecule A arranged;
- the arrangement is specific to catcher molecule A.
- the arrangement is preferably carried out specifically on a monoclonal antibody as catcher molecule A, as described. This advantageously has the effect that a very specific bond is formed between the aggregate of the sample and its epitopes formed from monomer at the surface of the aggregate and the capture molecule A. This is advantageous causes z. B. other proteins, in particular aggregates of other protein misfolding diseases with a comparable s-value are excluded. Thus, only one specific aggregate is detected by catcher molecule A.
- the sample to be measured is thus brought into contact with the thus prepared substrate and optionally incubated.
- the body's own fluids or tissues can be used as the sample to be examined.
- the sample is selected from brain homogenate, CSF, blood, plasma and urine. It may also be samples of an organ (biopsy) or the homogenate of the entire organ, z. The brain, act.
- the arrangement of the sample or the aggregate takes place directly on the catcher molecule A.
- Unspecific bound substances can be removed by at least one washing step.
- step e) A calibration standard is brought into contact and arranged on another part of the substrate on the seed molecule A after step a), wherein a defined number of monomers of the protein misfolding disorder to be detected are arranged on the surface of the calibration standard;
- the calibration standard used are particles which advantageously have about the size of the aggregate of the protein misfolding disease. The size will be apparent to the skilled person without effort from the literature.
- the calibration standard used is a particle which has a defined number of monomers at the surface which corresponds to the number of monomer repitopes of the unit to be detected.
- the calibration standard should be a particle with a diameter of about 20 nm, since an amyloid beta aggregate can assume this size.
- the calibration standard On the surface of the calibration standard then about 20-30 amyloid beta monomers should be arranged, for. B. be covalently arranged.
- the calibration standard used is preferably a silica nanoparticle about 20 nm in size and about 30 amyloid beta monomers on the surface. This corresponds to the size of the amyloid beta aggregates and the number of accessible monomer epitopes in the oligomer or in the aggregate.
- the calibration standard can be synthesized for the purposes indicated as follows, these methods being non-limiting:
- step C1) activation of the free carboxyl groups from step C1) z. B through the formation of NHS ester to the carboxyl group, and
- step D2) binding of monomers of the protein aggregate to the maleimido-spacer carboxylic acids from step C2) via a sulfhydryl group at the free end of the monomers.
- step f) of the method according to the invention is carried out.
- a capture molecule B against the monomer of the protein misfolding disease is combined with both the aggregate of the sample on the substrate and contacted with the calibration standard and placed on the monomer of the protein misfolding disease, wherein the capture molecule B can emit a detectable signal;
- the catcher molecule B thus represents a probe.
- the term "catcher molecule B" and “probe” are used synonymously.
- the aggregate of the protein misfolding disease from the sample to be detected is already arranged on catcher molecule A and thus immobilized on the substrate.
- the catcher molecule A and the catcher molecule or molecules B can in one embodiment of the invention have identical affine molecules or moieties.
- different affine molecules or molecular moieties may be combined with different detection molecules or moieties, or alternatively, different affine molecules or moieties may be combined with identical detection moieties or moieties. Mixtures of different capture molecules B can also be used.
- capture molecules B which are coupled to different detection molecules or moieties, on the one hand increases the specificity of the signal (correlation signal), on the other hand allows the identification of protein aggregates that differ in one or more features. This allows selective quantification and characterization of the protein aggregates.
- the capture molecule A and the capture molecule (s) B bind to the same epitope or to the same overlapping portion of an epitope of the monomer.
- the immobilized on catcher molecule A Proteinag gregate with one or more useful for further detection probes, the capture molecule B, marked.
- the individual steps can also be carried out in a different order according to the invention. It is advantageous to choose one or more capture molecules B, which bind to monomers of the protein aggregates, whereby the capture molecules B are also capable, after binding to the aggregate, of emitting a specific signal.
- the "quantitative determination" initially means the determination of the concentration of the protein aggregates, and therefore also the determination of their presence and / or absence.
- these excess capture molecules B are not removed. This eliminates a washing step and there is no equilibrium shift in the direction of dissociation of the protein aggregate-probe complexes or compounds. Due to the spatially resolved detection, the excess probes are not detected during the evaluation.
- the binding sites of the protein aggregate are epitopes and the capture molecules are antibodies and / or antibody moieties and / or fragments thereof.
- the catcher molecule A and the catcher molecule or molecules B differ.
- z. B different antibodies and / or antibody parts and / or fragments as catcher molecules B are used.
- a capture molecule A and one or more capture molecules B are used, which are identical to one another except for the possible (dye) label.
- at least two capture molecules B are used, the z. B. contain different antibodies and optionally also carry different dye label.
- the capture molecules B are characterized in that they preferably emit an optically detectable signal selected from the group consisting of fluorescence, bioluminescence and chemiluminescence emission and absorption.
- the capture molecules B as probes are thus labeled with fluorescent dyes.
- fluorescent dye the dyes known to those skilled in the art can be used.
- GFP Green Fluorescence Protein
- conjugates and / or fusion proteins thereof, as well as quantum dots can be used.
- the catcher molecule A has no probe function as the catcher molecule B. Only for quality control of the surface, for example, to demonstrate the uniformity of the coating with catcher molecule A, the catcher molecule A can be used with a fluorescent dye. For this purpose, a dye is preferably used which does not interfere with the detection of the fluorescent dye of the probe on the protein aggregate. As a result, a subsequent control of the structure of the substrate is possible as well as a normalization of the measurement results.
- the capture molecule (s) B may be selected and used such that the presence of individual protein aggregate features does not affect the measurement result.
- a fluorescent monoclonal antibody as catcher molecule B can be brought into contact with and placed against the monomer of the protein misfolding disease with the bound aggregate and the calibration standard.
- catcher molecule A and as catcher molecule (s) B it is thus possible in particular to select monoclonal antibodies. This advantageously has the effect that a sufficient sensitivity and strength of the arrangement to the unit and / or calibration standard is predetermined. It may be a catcher molecule B, a mixture of monoclonal antibodies, such. MAb labeled with CF-633 and Nab228 labeled with CF-488.
- molecules should be selected which bind to the same target region of the protein of the protein misfolding disease. This has the particularly advantageous effect that monomers in the sample can no longer be bound by catcher molecule (s) B, since the target region is already occupied by catcher molecule A.
- catcher molecule A after step a) and capture molecule B / antibody after step f) may both bind to amino acids 3-8 (as viewed from the N 'end). Is z. B. a sample with amyloid beta
- the process advantageously discriminates monomers which are no longer detected.
- Step g) of the method can be carried out as follows: g) The signal of the catcher molecules B on the sample aggregate is compared with the signal of the catcher molecules B arranged on the calibration standard for the quantification of the sample aggregate. Step g) then requires the detection of the signal, in particular a fluorescence signal, which is emitted by the example, fluorescent monoclonal antibody as catcher molecule B. For this purpose, z. For example, a TIRF (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence) system may be used.
- a spatially resolved determination of the probe signal ie a spatially resolved detection of the signal emitted by the probe, is performed. Accordingly, in this embodiment of the invention, methods based on a non-spatially resolved signal, such as ELISA or sandwich ELISA, are excluded.
- the spatially resolved determination of the probe signal based on total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (tirfm) and the study of a small volume element compared to the volume of the sample, in the range of a few Femtolitern to below a femtoliter, or a volume range above the contact surface of the capture molecules with a height of 500 nm, preferably 300 nm, more preferably 250 nm, in particular 200 nm.
- the detection of the immobilized and labeled protein aggregates takes place by means of imaging of the surface, for. B. with laser scanning microscopy.
- the highest possible spatial resolution determines a high number of pixels, as a result of which the sensitivity and the selectivity of the method can be further increased since structural features can also be imaged and analyzed.
- the specific signal increases before the background signal of z. B. nonspecifically bound probes.
- the detection is carried out, for example, preferably with spatially resolving fluorescence microscopy by means of a TIRF microscope, and the corresponding super-resolution variants thereof, such as, for example, STORM and / or dSTORM.
- a laser focus as z.
- FCS Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy System
- these methods produce as many read-out values as there are spatially resolved events (eg, pixels). Depending on the number of different probes, this information is advantageously multiplied. This multiplication applies to each detection event and leads to an information gain, as it provides further properties, eg. B. a second feature, disclosed about protein aggregates. Such a structure can increase the speed of the signal for each event.
- the spatially resolved information z. As the fluorescence intensity, all used and detected probes used to z. B. to determine the number of protein aggregates, their size and their characteristics.
- This z. B. algorithms of background minimization and / or intensity thresholds for further evaluation and pattern recognition can be applied.
- image analysis options include z.
- the search for local intensity maxima in order to obtain from the image information the number of detected protein aggregates and also to be able to determine the particle sizes.
- step sequence a) to g) in patent claim 1, as described, serves merely to clarify and not a chronologically successive sequence at steps represents.
- step b) and c) z. B. before step a) take place gene.
- the protein aggregates are thus brought into contact with the catcher molecules B and arranged before the aggregates are brought into contact with the catcher molecules A, thus immobilizing probe-labeled protein aggregates on the substrate.
- a method of quantifying protein aggregates of a protein misfolding disease in a complex sample characterized by the steps of: a) placing on a substrate a capture molecule A against the protein of the protein misfolding disease; b) A complex sample comprising the aggregate of protein misfolding disease is selected, the aggregate having epitopes of the monomer at the surface of the aggregate; c) the insoluble matter is removed from the sample; d) A calibration standard is brought into contact and arranged on a part of the substrate with the capture molecule A after step a), wherein on the surface of the calibration standard a defined number of monomers or parts of the monomers is present, which contains the epitope of the to-be-detected gregates of the protein misfolding disease; e) At least one catcher molecule B against the monomer of the protein misfolding disease is contacted with the aggregate of the sample and placed on the monomer of the protein misfolding disease, wherein the or the catcher molecules B can emit a detectable signal; f) The capture molecule
- the catcher molecule or molecules B can be bound to the aggregate before it is brought into contact with catcher molecule A and immobilized on the substrate.
- step b), c) and e) may be performed before any other steps.
- the sample is chemically fixed, eg. B. by formaldehyde.
- the method has a very high sensitivity in the detection of aggregates in complex samples such as mouse brain homogenate and is completely in-sensitive to endogenously present monomers.
- the method detects aggregates of the respective protein misfolding disease in the femtomolar region, in particular up to a range of 1000-500 fM, particularly advantageously 100-500 fM, in particular 50-100 fM and of 5-10 fM. Since it is not a Elisa bound method, the proof of this method is improved by a factor of up to 10,000.
- the comparison over the defined number of epitopes on the calibration standard advantageously allows an exact quantification of the epitopes in the aggregate of the protein misfolding disease.
- a monoclonal antibody as catcher molecule A in step a) and as catcher molecule (s) B in step f) can be used, the z. B. amyloid beta 3-8 as identical target region of the monomer.
- the method is therefore particularly suitable for the detection of aggregates of protein misfolding diseases, since no monomer of the protein misfolding disease can be detected.
- the invention surprisingly also achieves the object in a complex matrix, such as brain homogenate with thousands of different proteins and protein fragments.
- the method detects even the smallest amounts of protein aggregates even in the presence of its monomer, since this can not be bound by capture molecule (s) B.
- Another problem that is solved is that even heterogeneous protein aggregates consisting of more than one type of protein can be clearly identified as an aggregate.
- an apparatus for quantifying protein aggregates of a protein misfolding disease in a complex sample comprises a substrate on which a capture molecule A for a protein of a protein misfolder Disease is present.
- the calibration standard is a particle with a defined number of monomer of the protein misfolding disease, which corresponds to the number of epitopes in the aggregate to be detected.
- Another part of the capture molecule A on another part of the substrate provides the binding sites for monomers of the aggregate of protein misfolding disease from the complex sample.
- the device comprises the calibration standard with which it is advantageously possible to quantify the aggregates up to the femtomolar range.
- the device is preferably characterized in that a particle with the size of the unit to be detected is arranged as the calibration standard.
- the device is characterized in particular by a silica nanoparticle as calibration standard.
- the device is particularly advantageously a microtiter plate, wherein the microtiter plate has at least one reaction chamber as part of the substrate, on the bottom of which a calibration standard arranged on catcher molecule A is arranged and has at least one further reaction chamber as part of the substrate, on the bottom catcher molecule A for the detected aggregate of protein misfolding disease is located.
- kit for quantifying aggregate of a protein misfolding disease comprising:
- a substrate on which a catcher molecule A is arranged for a monomer of a protein misfolding disorder and a calibration standard with a defined number of monomers of the protein misfolding disorder is arranged on a part of catcher molecule A;
- a capture molecule B on the substrate for the protein of the protein misfolding disease wherein the capture molecule A and the Catcher molecule B bind to the same target region of the protein of the protein misfolding disease.
- Mixing dishes and buffers for catcher molecule B are optional.
- the present invention also provides a kit comprising one or more of the following components:
- Substrate optionally with a hydrophilic surface
- At least one catcher molecule A At least one catcher molecule A
- substrate with catcher molecule A and / or calibration standard
- the compounds and / or components of the kit of the present invention may be packaged in containers, optionally with / in buffers and / or solution. Alternatively, some components may be packaged in the same container. In addition to or alternatively, one or more of the components could already be attached to the substrate as to a solid support, such as a solid support. A glass plate, a chip or a nylon membrane, or to the well of a microtiter plate. Then, the substrate comprises such a microtiter plate. Further, the kit may include instructions for using the kit for any of the embodiments. In a further variant of the kit, the above-described catcher molecules are already immobilized on the substrate. In addition, the kit may contain solutions and / or buffers. To protect the coating and / or the catcher molecules immobilized thereon, they may be overcoated with a solution or a buffer.
- Another object of the present invention is a method for the detection of protein aggregates in any sample for the quantification and thus titer determination of protein aggregates.
- the use of a device or kit, as well as the extension of the method, are for the quantitative detection of the aggregate concentration of a protein misfolding disease.
- the use of the device or kit in this way makes it possible to carry out a method which is sufficiently sensitive to detect an aggregate of a proteinine deficient disease in complex samples such as, for example, a homogenized brain, at the end of an (animal) experiment can.
- density gradient centrifugation can be used to examine any desired fraction for changes in concentration with or without an addition of active ingredient.
- the method provides a method step that allows more than one fraction from density gradient centrifugation to be analyzed for changes in concentration, or changes in aggregate size or other parameters.
- the density gradient centrifugation preferably gives rise to more than 3, 4 or more than 5 fractions, which can be analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively and not only with regard to changes in concentration.
- the term "desired fraction" in the sense of the method encompasses in particular but not exclusively those fractions which also contained aggregating or aggregated peptides and / or protein building blocks prior to the separation, in particular toxic oligomers.
- the method is not causally directed thereto, although of course an active ingredient may be added to the sample comprising the amyloid and / or aggregating peptides and / or proteins of different aggregate size and shape. Or it is an organ taken at the end of an animal study (eg the brain) that serves as a sample.
- the samples of a placebo-treated animal can be compared with those of active-substance treated animals.
- An active substance or the treatment with the active substance alters the distribution and thus the concentration of certain aggregates in the organ and thus in the homogenized sample.
- This change in concentration is then determined quantitatively.
- the change is a measure of the reduction or even complete elimination of certain toxic species with detectable aggregate or particle size. That is, the method detects the increase or decrease in the concentration of certain amyloid and / or aggregating peptides and / or proteins via the change in aggregate size distribution in the sample.
- composition of amyloid and / or aggregating peptides and / or proteins with different aggregate size and shape is thus changed during the treatment under the influence of the active ingredient.
- Other particle sizes increase or remain constant under the influence of the active ingredient.
- the change in the shape distribution of the peptides and / or proteins under the influence of an active ingredient is also preferably investigated by fluorescence microscopy methods.
- the detection of a molecular active substance activity in the animal model is possible.
- the rapid and reliable study at the end of an animal study which shows the reduction of aggregated A ⁇ (A-Beta) quantitatively to the femtomolar range, depending on the treatment with an active substance.
- an agent is used in an animal study and tested for its dose-dependent influence on the particle size distribution of the sample in vivo, depending on a control.
- the method is suitable for the screening of potential agents against Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the modulation of the toxic amyloid ⁇ (A ⁇ ) oligomers under the influence of the active ingredient. It is particularly advantageous if these studies are accompanied by behavioral studies of the animals.
- the method according to the invention provides a comprehensive, quantitative result with regard to the changing particle or aggregate size distribution of amyloid and / or aggregating peptides and / or proteins under the influence of the active ingredient. This will be promising agents, eg. For example, for a therapy of Alzheimer's dementia, the concentration of soluble toxic Ingredients such.
- the Aß oligomers is to be examined for their effect in the animal model.
- the method is not limited to this.
- this also allows the determination of whether the active ingredient leads to an increase of other potentially toxic or desired species in the animal model.
- the method is used in the determination of active ingredients which, according to current knowledge, do not lead to an increase in other toxic constituents.
- it is particularly advantageous to investigate a plurality of the fractions obtained in accordance with the invention for changing the concentration of the building blocks. A comparison of the control with the sample containing a drug or a natural ligand allows a reproducible and rapid determination of drug effectiveness with respect to the elimination and reduction of certain species such. As oligomers and thus an estimate of its effect in an animal model and later in the clinical test phases.
- a method of detecting protein aggregates of a protein misfolding disease in a sample comprising the steps of: a) selecting a complex sample comprising the aggregate of protein misfolding disease, the aggregate having epitopes of the monomer or detectable portions thereof on the surface of the aggregate; b) The sample after step a) comprising the aggregate of the protein deficiency disease is brought into contact with the substrate and the monomer contained therein is placed on the substrate; c) At least one catcher molecule B is used as a probe for detecting against the monomer of the protein misfolding disease with the aggregate of the sample in
- a capture molecule A is arranged on the substrate against the monomer of the protein misfolding disease prior to step a) and in step b) the monomer of the aggregate is arranged on catcher molecule A.
- a sample is selected for this purpose, from which the insoluble constituents were removed in advance.
- a calibration standard is arranged on another part of the substrate or on another part of the capture molecule A, wherein an exactly defined number of monomers of the protein misfolding disease to be detected are arranged on the surface of the calibration standard.
- the signal of the catcher molecules B arranged on the sample aggregate is compared with the signal of the catcher molecules B arranged on the calibration standard for the quantification of the sample aggregate.
- the invention is the detection of an aggregate of a protein misfolding disease on a substrate with a corresponding probe, the capture molecule B.
- Step A Preparation of the inorganic nanoparticle.
- 200 ml of ethanol, 3.8 ml of 30% ammonium hydroxide, 3.5 ml of deionized water and 4.4 ml of tetraethoxysilane are constantly stirred for 2 days.
- the reaction product is silica nanoparticles with a diameter of about 20 nm.
- the size is determined by means of transmission electron microscopy and corresponds to the size of the amyloid beta aggregate.
- the yield is determined by evaporating the solvent and weighing.
- Step B Surface modification with primary amines to form free amino groups.
- reaction solution from step A 45 ml of the reaction solution from step A are mixed with 10 ⁇ l of glacial acetic acid and 165 ⁇ l of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and stirred for four hours. Subsequently, the particles are cleaned by repeated centrifugation and resumption in ethanol. The yield is determined by evaporation of the solvent and weighing.
- Step C1 Surface modification with carboxyl functionalities.
- step B 50 ml of the purified particles from step B are centrifuged, taken up in 50 ml of dimethylformamide and transferred to a round bottom flask. After 5 mmol Bers- tic acid anhydride were added to the solution, the solution is stirred under argon atmosphere for one hour at 90 ° C and heated. After the time has elapsed, the solution is stirred for a further 24 hours.
- the carboxylated particles are purified by centrifugation and reuptake in deionized water and the yield is determined by evaporation of the solvent and weighing.
- Step C2 Surface modification with maleimido functionalities.
- 200 pmol particles from step B are taken up in 1 ml of 100 mM 2- (N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid buffer at pH 6 with 10% by volume dimethylformamide and with 40 pmol 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, 10 pmol N Hydroxysuccinimide, 40 pM 6-maleimido-hexanoic acid and mixed for one hour.
- the particles are cleaned by repeated centrifugation and resumption in the abovementioned buffer.
- D1 Bioconjugation of amyloid beta (1-42) to carboxy silica nanoparticles.
- carboxylated particles 100 pmol of carboxylated particles are taken up in 1 ml of deionized water and combined with 20 pmol of 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, 5 pmol of N-hydroxy-succinimide and mixed for one hour.
- the activated particles are purified by repeated centrifugation and reuptake in deionized water.
- the particle pellet is taken up in phosphate buffer, added to 0.3 mg of recombinant amyloid beta 1-42 peptide and shaken overnight.
- the bioconjugated particles are purified by centrifugation, reuptake in hexafluoropropanol and incubation for one hour.
- the solvent is then cleaned by repeated centrifugation and reuptake in deionized water.
- the amyloid beta (1-42) particles are purified by centrifugation and reuptake in deionized water and the yield is determined by evaporating the solvent and weighing.
- the epitope number is determined via a commercially available bicinchoninic acid test and related to the particle concentration.
- D2 Bioconjugation of amyloid beta (here 1-15) peptides with C-terminal sulfhydryl modification.
- 1 ml of the particles from step C2 are centrifuged and taken up in a ml of 100 mM 2- (N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid buffer at pH 6 with 10% by volume dimethylformamide and 5 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with 15 nmol of the peptide (sequence: DAEFRHDSGYEVHHQC, amyloid beta 1-15 with an additional cysteine modification) and shaken for 10 minutes.
- FIG. 2 Silver staining of the proteins in the individual fractions of the brain homogenate of an APP SW e / PS1AE9 transgenic mouse.
- FIG. 3 Western blot of amyloid beta proteins in the individual fractions of the
- FIG. 1 shows the aggregate assay. Result of two fractionally homogenized mouse brain samples (whole hemisphere) by fractional gradient centrifuge (DGZ). Both mice were 24 months old at the time of organ harvesting.
- the mouse designated a transgenic animal, was an APP SWe / PS1AE9 double mutation expressing strong human amyloid beta. Wild type animals do not express human amyloid beta and are therefore not recognized in the assay by the use of antibodies directed against human amyloid beta.
- the measurement was successful, despite the strong background of the complex sample, as easily shown in Figure 2 by innumerable bands.
- the method according to the invention without further separation (on the gel) directly allows the detection of specific amyloid beta aggregates and with the aid of the calibration standard these are advantageously also absolutely quantifiable.
- the glass bottom of the plate was silanized by APTES (99%; (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane; Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) by vapor deposition.
- APTES 99%; (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane; Sigma-Aldrich, Germany
- the plate was stored in a desiccator over 5 ml of a solution consisting of 5% APTES in toluene (99% Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) in an argon atmosphere for 1 h. After that was remove the APTES solution and dry the plate under vacuum for 2 h.
- a 2 mM succinimidyl carbonate-poly- (ethylene glycol) -carboxymethyl (MW 3400, Laysan Bio, Arab, USA) in dd H 2 O was added to the reaction chambers (RK) of the plate and incubated for 4 h. At the end of the time, the reaction chamber was washed 3 times with water. The coating was then activated with 200 mM N- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and 50 mM N-hydroxysuccinimide (98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and incubated for 30 minutes.
- capture antibody capture molecule A directed against the N-terminus of amyloid beta (Nab228 monoclonal antibody, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) in PBS was added to the reaction chamber and incubated for 1 h.
- TBS + 0.2% Tween (TBST) and TBS the RKs were blocked with Smartblock solution overnight (Candor Bioscience, Germany). The next day, the plate was washed three times with TBS and samples and standards were triplicate plated and incubated for 1 h.
- Brain homogenate samples were diluted tenfold in TBS before being applied to the plate.
- Calibration standards for amyloid beta oligomers were A ⁇ 1-42 SiNaPs (silica nanoparticles) with a diameter of 20 nm and about 30 epitopes (A ⁇ 1-42), which were synthesized as described.
- probe antibodies were used as catcher molecules B Ge 1.25 pg / ml) mAb IC16 labeled with CF-633 (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and Nab228 (epitope A ⁇ 1-10) labeled with CF-488 (both Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) used.
- the probes were mixed on the plate prior to addition and ultracentrifuged (100,000 g, 1 h, 4 ° C) and incubated for 1 h.
- the reaction chamber was washed three times with TBS and the plate sealed.
- the measurement was carried out in a Leica multi-color TIRF (total internal reflection fluorescence) system (AM TIRF MC, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany).
- the TIRF system was equipped with an automated xyz stage and a 100 x oil immersion objective (1.47 oil CORR TIRF Leica).
- the TIRF penetration depth was set to 200 nm.
- the microscope took 5 x 5 images per RK in each channel.
- Each image consists of 1000 x 1000 pixels with a lateral resolution of 116 nm and a 14-bit intensity resolution. Intensity limits were evaluated on the basis of the negative control in each channel. This limit was then applied to all images and counted only those pixels which were at the same position in both channels (colocalized) above the intensity limits. By evaluating the A ⁇ 1-42 SiNaP standard, the number of colocalized pixels above the thresholds can be converted into oligomer concentrations.
- Figure 2 shows the silver staining of total proteins in the individual fractions of the brain homogenate of the APP swe / PS1AE9 transgenic mouse.
- the gel was then incubated in 4.7 mM Na 2 CO 3 , 4.6 mM K 3 Fe (CN) 6 , and 19 mM sodium thiosulfate Na 2 S 2 O 3 for 60 s and washed three times with dd H 2 O for 20 s. Subsequently, the gel was treated for 20 min in 12 mM AgNO 3 and again washed three times for 20 s with dd H 2 O. The staining was developed in 280 mM Na 2 C0 3 with 0.05% formalin (37% formaldehyde solution) until the desired intensity was reached. The further development of the gel was stopped by treatment with 1% acetic acid for 5 min. The image was taken using a ChemiDoc MP system (Bio-Rad, California, USA).
- FIG. 3 shows the Western blot of amyloid beta proteins in the individual fractions of the brain homogenate of the APP swe / PS1AE9 transgenic mouse.
- 12 ml of each fraction (1 to 14) of density gradient centrifugation was subjected to SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) in a 16.5% Tris-Tricin gel at constant current of 45 mA per gel for 110 min a Mini-PROTEAN Tetra Cell (Bio-Rad, California, USA).
- the proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane with a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m (Roti-PVDF 0.2, Carl Roth, Germany) at 25 V and 1 A for 30 min.
- a Trans-Blot Turbo Transfer System Bio-Rad, California, USA
- the membranes were boiled in PBS for 5 min after transfer. After cooling, the membranes were incubated in PBS and TBS + Tween20 (TBST) for 5 min.
- the membranes were blocked with 10% skimmed milk powder / TBST (1 h, room temperature) and incubated with anti-A ⁇ antibody mAb IC16 (1: 1000 in TBST overnight,
- the invention is the detection of an aggregate of a protein misfolding disease on a substrate with a corresponding probe, the capture molecule B, without the corresponding quantification step.
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| DE102017010842.0A DE102017010842A1 (de) | 2017-11-23 | 2017-11-23 | Verfahren zur Quantifizierung von Proteinaggregaten einer Proteinfehlfaltungserkrankung in einer Probe |
| PCT/DE2018/000309 WO2019101250A1 (de) | 2017-11-23 | 2018-10-25 | Verfahren zur quantifizierung von proteinaggregaten einer proteinfehlfaltungserkrankung in einer probe |
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| EP (1) | EP3714274A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2021504675A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN111527409A (de) |
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| CA2662863A1 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-03-13 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Methods and compositions for the detection of protein folding disorders |
| WO2012054333A2 (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2012-04-26 | Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. | Methods for identifying inhibitors of abeta42 oligomers |
| DE102011057021A1 (de) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Verfahren zur selektiven Quantifizierung von A-Beta-Aggregaten |
| EP3747454B9 (de) * | 2013-09-26 | 2023-10-04 | Priavoid GmbH | Amyloid-beta-bindende peptide und diese peptide zur verwendung für die therapie und die diagnose der alzheimerschen demenz |
| WO2016040903A1 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2016-03-17 | Board Of Regents Of The University Of Texas System | Detection of misfolded amyloid beta protein |
| DE102015003404B4 (de) * | 2015-03-18 | 2021-10-07 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Standards für den Nachweis von Proteinaggregaten einer Proteinfehlfaltungserkrankung sowie Standard und dessen Verwendung |
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Non-Patent Citations (7)
| Title |
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| BRENER OLEKSANDR ET AL: "QIAD assay for quantitating a compound's efficacy in elimination of toxic A[beta] oligomers", SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol. 5, no. 1, 23 September 2015 (2015-09-23), XP093088792, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.nature.com/articles/srep13222.pdf> DOI: 10.1038/srep13222 * |
| BRUGGINK KIM A. ET AL: "Amyloid-[beta] oligomer detection by ELISA in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue", ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 433, no. 2, 1 February 2013 (2013-02-01), Amsterdam, NL, pages 112 - 120, XP093089145, ISSN: 0003-2697, DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.09.014 * |
| ENGLUND H ET AL: "Sensitive ELISA detection of amyloid-beta protofibrils in biological samples", JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD, GB, vol. 103, no. 1, 1 October 2007 (2007-10-01), pages 334 - 345, XP002688021, ISSN: 0022-3042, [retrieved on 20070609], DOI: 10.1111/J.1471-4159.2007.04759.X * |
| HERRMANN YVONNE ET AL: "sFIDA automation yields sub-femtomolar limit of detection for A[beta] aggregates in body fluids", CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 50, no. 4-5, 1 March 2017 (2017-03-01), AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 244 - 247, XP093088795, ISSN: 0009-9120, DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.11.001 * |
| KRAVCHENKO ET AL: "Analysis of anticoagulants for blood-based quantitation of amyloid [beta] oligomers in the sFIDA assay", BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 398, no. 4, 2 November 2016 (2016-11-02), XP093089199, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/823892/files/Analysis%20of%20anticoagulants%20for%20blood-based%20quantitation%20of%20amyloid%20[beta]%20oligomers%20in%20the%20sFIDA%20assay_2016.pdf> * |
| See also references of WO2019101250A1 * |
| SEHLIN DAG ET AL: "Large Aggregates Are the Major Soluble A[beta] Species in AD Brain Fractionated with Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation", PLOS ONE, vol. 7, no. 2, 15 February 2015 (2015-02-15), pages e32014, XP093088798, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032014 * |
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| JP2021504675A (ja) | 2021-02-15 |
| DE102017010842A1 (de) | 2019-05-23 |
| CN111527409A (zh) | 2020-08-11 |
| US20200319208A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
| WO2019101250A1 (de) | 2019-05-31 |
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