EP3705799A1 - Heat pump - Google Patents
Heat pump Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3705799A1 EP3705799A1 EP20161649.7A EP20161649A EP3705799A1 EP 3705799 A1 EP3705799 A1 EP 3705799A1 EP 20161649 A EP20161649 A EP 20161649A EP 3705799 A1 EP3705799 A1 EP 3705799A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat pump
- ventilation duct
- fan
- housing
- refrigerant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001136792 Alle Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
- F24F11/36—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to leakage of heat-exchange fluid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat pump, in particular a heat pump which is designed for installation in an interior space.
- climate-friendly refrigerants In the recent past, the search for climate-friendly refrigerants has increased. However, the disadvantage of many climate-friendly refrigerants is their flammability. The use of such refrigerants, for example in heat pumps, therefore leads to special safety requirements. In order to ensure that there is no unwanted ignition of any refrigerant escaping from a refrigeration circuit, a minimum volume or a minimum space is prescribed in which the escaping refrigerant is distributed in order to achieve sufficient mixing.
- flammable refrigerants are mainly used in heat pumps installed outdoors, or the amount of refrigerant is reduced so much that a leak cannot cause any significant damage to health.
- the standard specifies the three named variants according to which the refrigerant is allowed to escape. Different heat pumps can therefore only be used for certain installation locations, more precisely the sizes of installation rooms.
- a heat pump in particular a heat pump installed inside, is proposed with a housing, a refrigeration circuit with a flammable refrigerant, in particular R454C, and a ventilation duct for discharging escaping refrigerant.
- the housing has an outlet opening and the ventilation channel connects to the outlet opening.
- the ventilation channel has a closable receptacle which is designed to accommodate a fan.
- a closable receptacle for a fan is provided in the ventilation duct, which adjoins the outlet opening of the housing and is therefore accessible from the outside. Accordingly, a fan can be retrofitted, for example in the form of a retrofit kit, and the heat pump according to the invention can be expanded to variant 2 described above without great effort. It is thus possible for the same heat pump to be prepared for different sizes of installation rooms and for it to be adaptable by means of the fan that can be easily inserted into the receptacle. There is therefore no need to design different heat pumps for different sizes of installation rooms.
- the closable receptacle enables the venting channel to leak only at one end opposite the outlet opening, but not in the area of the receptacle, and the outflow of refrigerant does not occur in the area of the receptacle.
- the housing is preferably tight.
- tight means in particular that the sum of the openings is less than 5 cm 2 .
- the height of the end of the ventilation duct can be used to calculate the minimum size of the installation room, since neither the ventilation duct nor the housing have openings at a lower location that are larger than 5 cm 2 in total.
- the ventilation duct is preferably designed as a flat duct, in particular as a flat duct in a rectangular shape.
- a flat duct has the advantage that a particularly large cross-sectional area can be achieved without the ventilation duct protruding far beyond the housing of the heat pump.
- a flat duct can rest particularly well against the housing of the heat pump and therefore not excessively increase the dimensions of the heat pump.
- the ventilation duct preferably has coupling means for connecting an external air duct.
- the ventilation duct is particularly preferably an air duct made in standard dimensions, so that coupling with further available air duct elements is possible.
- the external air duct enables the heat pump to be expanded to include variant 3 of the above-mentioned safety concept.
- the ventilation duct can be expanded to the outside of the installation room and any refrigerant that may escape from the installation room can be discharged. This reduces the minimum size of the installation room in this variant to 0 m 2 .
- the ventilation channel preferably has sound insulation in its interior.
- the opening in the tight and sound-insulated housing of the heat pump which is created by the outlet opening, ensures that noises can escape from the inside of the heat pump through the ventilation duct.
- the ventilation duct preferably acts as a splitter silencer and can accordingly reduce the noises that can be measured outside the heat pump.
- the outlet opening is arranged on an underside of the housing and the ventilation channel runs from the outlet opening below the housing to a rear side of the housing and upwards behind the rear side.
- This advantageous guidance of the ventilation channel ensures that one end of the ventilation channel is high up, for example in the area of the upper edge of the housing or even above it. This means that the minimum size of the installation room can be reduced even without the fan being provided.
- the shape which accordingly deflects the air flow twice, once from vertically in the direction of the outlet opening to horizontally under the housing, and then to vertically upwards in the area of the rear edge, enables any sound that is generated to be shielded particularly well by the double deflection .
- the closable receptacle is preferably arranged such that it is accessible from a front side of the housing of the heat pump.
- the closable receptacle can, for example, directly adjoin the ventilation opening and adjoin a bottom surface of the housing.
- the lockable receptacle can then be accessible below the housing, which stands for example on feet, and a fan to be installed can be inserted into the receptacle from the front if necessary. Maintenance and servicing of the fan is also easy possible because the fan maintenance fixture is also accessible from the front of the heat pump.
- the heat pump preferably also has a fan, in particular a radial fan, which is received in the receptacle of the ventilation channel.
- the heat pump is preferably designed as an internally installed brine heat pump.
- brine heat pumps usually do not have any fans that can be used to convey any refrigerant that may escape from the installation room, so that additional elements must be provided to ensure the safety requirements.
- a method for configuring an internally installed heat pump according to the invention comprising, depending on the size of an installation room: lengthening a ventilation duct of the heat pump to a greater height in the installation room; Providing a fan, in particular a radial fan, in a receptacle in the ventilation duct and / or extending the ventilation duct out of the installation room.
- a fan is advantageously assigned to the ventilation duct, the ventilation duct being connected to an air line which is suitable for guiding the installation room air out of the installation room. Furthermore, the air line points into a mixing portal, the mixing portal being connected to the ventilation duct and the machine room and being suitable for bringing the installation room air and machine room air together.
- the heat pump advantageously has a fan which is connected to the ventilation duct.
- a pressure side of the fan is assigned to an end section.
- One suction side of the fan is assigned to the machine room and the suction side has an air connection to the installation room.
- the fan is advantageously arranged in the ventilation duct.
- One suction side is directed towards an outlet opening which represents an opening in the housing and as a result of which, in the event of a fault, refrigerant escaping from the refrigerant circuit is sucked to the fan.
- the refrigerant is then conducted by the fan through the ventilation duct to an end section and blown out of the heat pump or out of the machine room into the installation room.
- the suction side of the fan is advantageously also connected to the installation room by means of an air line.
- the ventilation duct advantageously has an inlet opening, whereby the installation room air can flow to the fan.
- the fan Since the fan is designed for permanent operation, and also permanently, i.e. also when the heat pump is switched off, the installation room air is continuously drawn in via the suction side of the fan. Accordingly, there is a permanent and permanent volume flow of installation room air through the inlet opening, through the air connection to the suction side of the fan. There the installation room air is conveyed through the air duct to the end section. Only in the event of a leak, when refrigerant escapes from the refrigerant circuit, is this refrigerant conveyed through an outlet opening in the machine room to the suction side of the fan.
- the outside air and the refrigerant are advantageously brought together in a mixing portal which is located in front of the suction side of the fan. At least a first mixing of outside air and refrigerant advantageously takes place here. In the event of a leak, refrigerant and outside air flow further in the air duct and continue to mix to form a mixed volume flow.
- the suction side of the fan is only connected to the installation room and permanently draws in installation room air directly.
- a connection between the outlet opening and the fan is advantageously not provided.
- the outside air then flows in the ventilation duct to a Venturi nozzle.
- the Venturi nozzle has an air connection, which advantageously has an acceleration unit.
- the Venturi nozzle is advantageously connected to the machine room via the outlet opening and through the Negative pressure in the Venturi nozzle creates a negative pressure in the engine room. In the event of a leak, the negative pressure in the Venturi nozzle sucks refrigerant out of the machine room through the outlet opening.
- the mixing portal is the area where the outside air meets the refrigerant. Outside air, which is brought together with refrigerant, thus flows through the air connection, which is advantageously carried out here in the Venturi nozzle in the mixing portal. Furthermore, in the event of a leak, a mixed volume flows out of the Venturi nozzle and continues in the ventilation duct to the end section.
- the mixing portal is a zone where outside air and, in the event of a leak, refrigerant meet.
- the mixing portal is advantageously formed by the end of the air line and the suction side of the fan.
- the mixing portal is formed in the Venturi nozzle, or after the Venturi nozzle by the air line of the Venturi nozzle and the outlet opening.
- refrigerant and installation room air are advantageously mixed. After leaving the ventilation duct, advantageously through a perforated plate, the refrigerant is further mixed with the outside air.
- a negative pressure is generated in a machine room of the housing of the heat pump with an outside air flow, the fan running permanently and installation room air being sucked in permanently from the installation room.
- refrigerant in a refrigerant circuit is sucked out of the machine room and mixed with the installation room air from the installation room.
- the refrigerant is advantageously sucked in at least indirectly by the fan from the machine room and the mixture of refrigerant from the machine room and installation room air is conveyed back into the installation room.
- a refrigerant-air mixture is continuously conveyed through the ventilation duct from the installation room by the fan, even if the refrigerant has already been conveyed from the machine room to the installation room, with the air and refrigerant being conveyed continuously in the event of a leak. So that the air and / or the refrigerant in the installation room is constantly moving and mixed with the air in the installation room.
- the permanent running of the fan advantageously includes possible calibration cycles in which it runs slowly.
- a fan that clocks in an on-off mode also advantageously falls under the term permanent operation, even if the fan comes to a standstill for a short time, in particular for a calibration or safety mode.
- a fan with a variable speed also falls under "permanent operation”.
- Leak detection is advantageously provided, with which an error signal is displayed and advantageously sent by e-mail and the heat pump is switched off, advantageously switched to a voltage-free state, with the fan continuing to run, advantageously with mains and / or battery operation.
- the heat pump is switched off when the fan is defective.
- a warning signal is then advantageously generated and advantageously also sent to a user.
- FIGS 1 and 2 show schematic and exemplary perspective views of a heat pump 1 according to the invention from different directions.
- the heat pump 1 has a housing 10 with a front side 12, a rear side 14, an upper side 16 and a lower side 18.
- a cover 20 can usually be opened for maintenance and configuration of the heat pump 1 and enables access to the internal components.
- Connections 22 are usually also formed in the area of the top 16.
- a cooling circuit not shown, is arranged.
- a ventilation duct 30 is arranged below and behind the device.
- the ventilation channel 30 arises in a section 32 in which the housing 10 has an outlet opening (cf. Figure 3-5 ), leads from there to the rear along the bottom 18 of the housing 10 and then vertically upwards, behind the rear side 14 of the housing 10.
- An opening is formed at an upper end portion 34 of the ventilation duct 30, which has coupling means for connecting a external air duct 50 are formed.
- the particularly preferred dimensioning of the ventilation duct is 30 shown as a rectangular flat channel. So that the weight of the entire heat pump 1 does not rest on the ventilation duct 30, the heat pump 1 also has feet 19 on its bottom 18.
- a closable receptacle 36 of the ventilation duct 30 is accessible from the front side 12.
- a fan can be mounted over the closable receptacle 36, as will be discussed later with reference to Figures 4 and 5 will be further described.
- Fig. 3 shows schematically and by way of example a cross section through the heat pump 1 according to the invention.
- the cover 20 which seals the housing 10 at the top.
- an outlet opening 17 can be seen which is provided in the bottom of the housing 10 and leads directly into the interior of the receptacle 36 of the ventilation duct.
- a sound insulation 38 is also arranged in the ventilation duct 30.
- the ventilation duct 30 thus also acts as a splitter silencer around the emerging outlet opening 17.
- an external air duct 50 can be connected to the upper end 34 of the ventilation duct 30.
- Various embodiments of the external air duct 50 are enlarged in FIG Fig. 3 shown. These are preferably standard components and dimensions of ventilation ducts, so that the heat pump 1 according to the invention can advantageously be combined with existing solutions.
- Fig. 3 is indicated by arrows which path the exiting refrigerant takes up to the end 34 of the vent channel 30.
- the exit height can be increased further and thereby the minimum size of the installation room can be greatly reduced. This can happen in particular if the installation room would be too small without the extension by means of the external air duct 50.
- a fan 40 as shown schematically and by way of example in FIG Fig. 4 is shown, added in the closable receptacle 36.
- a flap 37 accessible from the front side 12, which closes the closable receptacle 36, is opened, the fan 40 is inserted and the flap 37 is then closed.
- a combination of fan 40 and external air duct 50 with which the air can be led to the outside of the installation room, for example, whereby the minimum size of the installation room is reduced to 0 m 2 .
- the fan 40 is a radial fan which blows out 90 ° to the suction direction and is preferably mounted in the ventilation duct 30. The installation of the fan 40 is facilitated by the flap 37 accessible from the front.
- FIG. 6 an exemplary embodiment is shown in which the suction side 41 of the fan 40 points to the outlet opening 17.
- a refrigerant volume flow is conducted through the suction side 41 of the fan 40 through the fan 40 into the vent line 30 and through the vent channel 30 to the end section 34.
- the end section 34 has a hole in sheet metal 35.
- an air duct 50 is attached to the ventilation duct 30 and extends the ventilation duct by a predetermined height so that the refrigerant volume flow reaches a greater height and flows out in the installation room at a height of advantageously over 1.50 m above the floor of the installation room.
- FIG. 8 Both Figures 8 and 9 there is a constant outside air volume flow V ⁇ ARL , which flows via an air line to the mixing portal 61.
- the mixing portal 61 is located in a Venturi nozzle which is attached in the ventilation duct 30.
- the Venturi nozzle has the air line 31 through which the outside air flow at least partially flows and is connected to the outlet opening 17.
- the mixing portal 61 is located in the Venturi nozzle, where the outside air volume flow V ⁇ ARL and the refrigerant, which emerges in the event of a leak , meet.
- the outside air volume flow V ⁇ ARL is guided via the air line 31 directly in front of the suction side of the fan 40.
- a refrigerant volume flow V ⁇ K also flows to the mixing portal and meets the outside air there.
- a first mixing of outside air and refrigerant takes place, with refrigerant and outside air then being conveyed further through the suction side 41 of the fan to the pressure side 42 of the fan 40 and then further through the ventilation duct 30.
- Figure 10 shows a ventilation duct 30 integrated in a side part 13 with thermal insulation and / or sound insulation 21.
- the fan 40 is arranged in the ventilation duct, the side part 13 having an inlet opening 15 through which outside air can flow to the suction side of the fan and it is in an end section Perforated plate 35 is provided through which at least the outside air volume flow V ⁇ ARL can exit again.
- the side part 13 is also in Figure 11 shown with the inlet opening 15 and the perforated plate 35.
- FIG 12 the side part 13 is shown without thermal insulation 21 and the view falls on a labyrinth which is open as a result and which is formed by an inlet labyrinth 39 and a foreign labyrinth 33.
- the inlet labyrinth 39 and the outlet labyrinth 33 are used for sound insulation and acoustical decoupling of the machine room from the installation room. This also prevents the entry of liquids.
- An outside air volume flow V ARL can flow into the ventilation duct 30 through the inlet opening 15 and is conveyed to the fan 40.
- the fan 40 has an outlet opening 17 which is connected to the machine room 11 of the heat pump 1.
- the outside air volume flow V ARL is passed via the pressure side 42 into the outlet labyrinth 33, where the outside air volume flow V ARL flows out again into the installation room 2 via the perforated plate 35.
- the inlet opening 15 is advantageously arranged near the bottom and the perforated plate 35 points upwards.
- the mixing portal 61 is shown in more detail.
- the mixing portal 61 is located in this embodiment in a direction of the outside air volume flow behind an air line 31.
- the mixing portal 61 is between the air line 31 and the suction side 41 of the fan 40.
- the outside air volume flow V ⁇ ARL flows through the inlet opening 15 to air connection 31 and through the air connection 31 to the mixing portal 61.
- a refrigerant volume flow V ⁇ K continues to flow to the mixing portal 61 and is conveyed through the suction side 41 of the fan 40 to the pressure side 42 of the fan 40, after which there is the further venting channel 30 and a mixed volume flow of refrigerant and outside air continues to flow through the vent duct 30.
- the fan 40 is sealed with a seal 43.
- the air line 31 is formed by an opening or a cutout in the seal.
- the air line 31 is limited by the fan 40, edges of the seal 43 and by the underside 18.
- the mixing portal 61 is advantageously a zone or area in which outside air and, in the event of a leak, refrigerant meet.
- the mixing portal 61 is located behind the air line 31 and in front of the suction side 41. If a Venturi nozzle is used, then an indirect negative pressure is generated in the Venturi nozzle, not directly by the fan or the suction side of the fan 40, but through the area of the Venturi nozzle where a Flow acceleration and thus a pressure drop is generated. If a Venturi nozzle insert or a Venturi nozzle is used, the pressure drop in the Venturi nozzle is located in the ventilation duct 30 in the mixing portal 61, where outside air and, in the event of a leak, refrigerant come together.
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Wärmepumpe, insbesondere innenaufgestellte Wärmepumpe, mit einem Gehäuse, einem Kältekreis mit einem brennbaren Kältemittel, insbesondere R454C, und einem Entlüftungskanal zur Ausleitung von austretendem Kältemittel, wobei das Gehäuse eine Austrittsöffnung aufweist und wobei der Entlüftungskanal an die Austrittsöffnung anschließt, wobei der Entlüftungskanal eine verschließbare Aufnahme aufweist, die zur Aufnahme eines Lüfters ausgebildet ist.The present invention relates to a heat pump, in particular a heat pump installed indoors, with a housing, a refrigeration circuit with a flammable refrigerant, in particular R454C, and a ventilation duct for discharging escaping refrigerant, the housing having an outlet opening and the ventilation duct being connected to the outlet opening, wherein the ventilation duct has a closable receptacle which is designed to accommodate a fan.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Wärmepumpe, insbesondere eine Wärmepumpe, die für die Aufstellung in einem Innenraum ausgebildet ist.The present invention relates to a heat pump, in particular a heat pump which is designed for installation in an interior space.
In jüngerer Vergangenheit verstärkt sich die Suche nach klimafreundlichen Kältemitteln. Nachteilig an vielen klimafreundlichen Kältemitteln ist jedoch deren Brennbarkeit. Ein Einsatz derartiger Kältemittel, beispielsweise in Wärmepumpen, führt daher zu besonderen Anforderungen an die Sicherheit. Um zu gewährleisten, dass es nicht zu einer ungewollten Entzündung von eventuell aus einem Kältekreis austretendem Kältemittel kommt, ist ein Mindestvolumen beziehungsweise ein Mindestraum vorgeschrieben, in dem sich das austretende Kältemittel verteilt, um eine ausreichende Durchmischung zu erreichen.In the recent past, the search for climate-friendly refrigerants has increased. However, the disadvantage of many climate-friendly refrigerants is their flammability. The use of such refrigerants, for example in heat pumps, therefore leads to special safety requirements. In order to ensure that there is no unwanted ignition of any refrigerant escaping from a refrigeration circuit, a minimum volume or a minimum space is prescribed in which the escaping refrigerant is distributed in order to achieve sufficient mixing.
Brennbares Kältemittel muss demnach bei möglicher Leckage im Kältekreis sicher aus der Wärmepumpe gefördert werden. Dabei ist es zielführend das Kältemittel so hoch wie möglich in den Aufstellraum zu fördern. Dies senkt die geforderte Mindestfläche die der Raum haben muss um eine ausreichende Durchmischung zu gewährleisten damit die Kältemittelkonzentration in der Luft nicht mehr entflammbar ist. Dazu gibt es laut Norm 60335-2-40 drei Varianten:
- 1. Kältemittel tritt in gewisser Höhe selbstständig (ohne Lüfter) aus der Wärmepumpe aus. Hierbei ist ausschließlich die Kältemittel-Austrittshöhe für die minimale Aufstellraumgröße entscheidend. Die Austrittshöhe ist definiert als die Höhe, ab der die Summe aller Öffnungen im Gerät 5 cm2 überschreiten. Je höher die Austrittshöhe ist, umso kleiner ist die minimale Aufstellraumgröße in Quadratmetern (m2). Diese Lösung ist kostengünstig, erfordert jedoch regelmäßig zu große Aufstellräume, so dass die praktische Umsetzung nicht möglich ist. Sollte der Aufstellraum zu klein sein, wird vorteilhaft die Austrittshöhe mit einer Verlängerung, wie einem Schnorchel, zu erweitern.
- 2. Kältemittel wird durch einen Lüfter in den Raum gefördert: Hierbei ist die Höhe, die das Medium erreicht bevor es wieder absinkt, maßgeblich. Je höher das Kältemittel strömt, umso kleiner ist die minimale Aufstellraumgröße in Quadratmetern (m2). Zusätzlich muss ein gewisser Mindestvolumenstrom von dem Lüfter realisiert werden. Alle anderen Geräteöffnungen dürfen in Summe 5 cm2 nicht überschreiten. Der hierfür eingesetzte Lüfter ist jedoch mit Kosten verbunden, so dass nach Möglichkeit, nämlich falls aufgrund der Aufstellraumgröße nicht notwendig, darauf verzichtet wird.
- 3. Kältemittel wird mit einem Lüfter aus dem Raum nach draußen gefördert. Hierbei ist ausschließlich der Mindestvolumenstrom ausschlaggebend. Die übrigen Geräteöffnungen dürfen auch hier in Summe 5 cm2 nicht überschreiten. Diese Variante senkt die minimale Aufstellraumgröße auf 0 m2, so dass jeder beliebige Aufstellort geeignet ist. Grundsätzlich ist jedoch hiermit ein Wanddurchbruch verbunden, der aufwändig ist.
- 1. A certain amount of refrigerant escapes automatically (without a fan) from the heat pump. Here, only the refrigerant outlet height is decisive for the minimum installation room size. The exit height is defined as the height from which the sum of all openings in the device exceeds 5 cm 2 . The higher the exit height, the smaller the minimum installation room size in square meters (m 2 ). This solution is inexpensive, but regularly requires installation rooms that are too large, so that practical implementation is not possible. If the installation room is too small, it is advantageous to extend the exit height with an extension such as a snorkel.
- 2. Refrigerant is pumped into the room by a fan: Here, the height that the medium reaches before it sinks again is decisive. The higher the refrigerant flow, the smaller the minimum installation room size in square meters (m 2 ). Additionally must a certain minimum volume flow can be realized by the fan. All other device openings must not exceed a total of 5 cm 2 . The fan used for this, however, is associated with costs, so that if possible, namely if not necessary due to the size of the installation room, it is dispensed with.
- 3. Refrigerant is pumped out of the room with a fan. Only the minimum volume flow is decisive here. The remaining device openings must not exceed a total of 5 cm 2 . This variant reduces the minimum installation room size to 0 m 2 , so that any installation location is suitable. Basically, however, a wall breakthrough is associated with this, which is complex.
Zurzeit werden deshalb brennbare Kältemittel hauptsächlich in außenaufgestellten Wärmepumpen verwendet oder die Kältemittelmenge so stark reduziert, dass eine Leckage keinen signifikanten oder gesundheitlichen Schaden anrichten kann. Bei innenaufgestellten Wärmepumpen gibt die Norm die benannten drei Varianten an, gemäß denen das Kältemittel austreten gelassen wird. Verschiedene Wärmepumpen sind demnach nur für bestimmte Aufstellorte, genauer Größen von Aufstellräumen, einsetzbar.At present, therefore, flammable refrigerants are mainly used in heat pumps installed outdoors, or the amount of refrigerant is reduced so much that a leak cannot cause any significant damage to health. In the case of heat pumps installed indoors, the standard specifies the three named variants according to which the refrigerant is allowed to escape. Different heat pumps can therefore only be used for certain installation locations, more precisely the sizes of installation rooms.
Vor diesem Hintergrund war es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Wärmepumpe anzugeben, die an die Bedingungen des Aufstellraumes anpassbar ist. Ebenfalls war es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine verbesserte Sicherheitslösung für innenaufgestellte Wärmepumpen, die brennbares Kältemittel einsetzen, bereitzustellen. Jedenfalls soll eine alternative Wärmepumpe angegeben werden.Against this background, it was an object of the present invention to provide a heat pump that can be adapted to the conditions of the installation room. It was also an object of the present invention to provide an improved safety solution for heat pumps installed indoors which use flammable refrigerants. In any case, an alternative heat pump should be specified.
Erfindungsgemäß wird eine Wärmepumpe, insbesondere innenaufgestellte Wärmepumpe, mit einem Gehäuse, einem Kältekreis mit einem brennbaren Kältemittel, insbesondere R454C, und einem Entlüftungskanal zur Ausleitung von austretendem Kältemittel vorgeschlagen. Das Gehäuse weist eine Austrittsöffnung auf und der Entlüftungskanal schließt an die Austrittsöffnung an. Der Entlüftungskanal weist eine verschließbare Aufnahme auf, die zur Aufnahme eines Lüfters ausgebildet ist.According to the invention, a heat pump, in particular a heat pump installed inside, is proposed with a housing, a refrigeration circuit with a flammable refrigerant, in particular R454C, and a ventilation duct for discharging escaping refrigerant. The housing has an outlet opening and the ventilation channel connects to the outlet opening. The ventilation channel has a closable receptacle which is designed to accommodate a fan.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es somit möglich, eine Wärmepumpe zunächst standardmäßig nach der oben beschriebenen Variante 1 zu betreiben, das heißt, das Kältemittel an einem Ende des Entlüftungskanals selbstständig ausströmen zu lassen.According to the invention, it is thus possible to initially operate a heat pump as standard in accordance with
Zusätzlich ist jedoch in dem Entlüftungskanal, der sich an die Austrittsöffnung des Gehäuses anschließt und somit von außen zugänglich ist, eine verschließbare Aufnahme für einen Lüfter bereitgestellt. Ohne großen Aufwand lässt sich demnach durch eine Nachrüstung, beispielsweise in Form eines Nachrüstkits, eines Lüfters vornehmen und die erfindungsgemäße Wärmepumpe auf die oben beschriebene Variante 2 erweitern. Somit ist es möglich, dass die gleiche Wärmepumpe für verschiedene Größen von Aufstellräumen vorbereitet ist und durch den einfach in der Aufnahme einzuführenden Lüfter anpassbar ist. Es müssen somit keine verschiedenen Wärmepumpen für verschiedene Größen von Aufstellräumen konstruiert werden.In addition, however, a closable receptacle for a fan is provided in the ventilation duct, which adjoins the outlet opening of the housing and is therefore accessible from the outside. Accordingly, a fan can be retrofitted, for example in the form of a retrofit kit, and the heat pump according to the invention can be expanded to variant 2 described above without great effort. It is thus possible for the same heat pump to be prepared for different sizes of installation rooms and for it to be adaptable by means of the fan that can be easily inserted into the receptacle. There is therefore no need to design different heat pumps for different sizes of installation rooms.
Die verschließbare Aufnahme ermöglicht, dass der Entlüftungskanal nur an einem der Austrittsöffnung gegenüberliegenden Ende, nicht jedoch im Bereich der Aufnahme undicht ist und das Ausströmen von Kältemittel im Bereich der Aufnahme unterbleibt.The closable receptacle enables the venting channel to leak only at one end opposite the outlet opening, but not in the area of the receptacle, and the outflow of refrigerant does not occur in the area of the receptacle.
Vorzugsweise ist das Gehäuse mit Ausnahme der Austrittsöffnung dicht. In diesem Zusammenhang heißt "dicht" insbesondere, dass die Summe der Öffnungen kleiner als 5 cm2 beträgt.With the exception of the outlet opening, the housing is preferably tight. In this context, “tight” means in particular that the sum of the openings is less than 5 cm 2 .
Somit kann für die Berechnung der Mindestgröße des Aufstellraums die Höhe des Endes des Entlüftungskanals herangezogen werden, da weder der Entlüftungskanal noch das Gehäuse an niedriger liegender Stelle Öffnungen aufweisen, die in Summe größer als 5 cm2 betragen.Thus, the height of the end of the ventilation duct can be used to calculate the minimum size of the installation room, since neither the ventilation duct nor the housing have openings at a lower location that are larger than 5 cm 2 in total.
Vorzugsweise ist der Entlüftungskanal als Flachkanal, insbesondere als Flachkanal in Rechteckform, ausgebildet.The ventilation duct is preferably designed as a flat duct, in particular as a flat duct in a rectangular shape.
Ein Flachkanal hat den Vorteil, dass besonders viel Querschnittsfläche erreichbar ist, ohne dass der Entlüftungskanal weit über das Gehäuse der Wärmepumpe hervorsteht. Anders ausgedrückt kann ein Flachkanal besonders gut an das Gehäuse der Wärmepumpe anliegen und demnach die Abmessungen der Wärmepumpe nicht übermäßig erhöhen.A flat duct has the advantage that a particularly large cross-sectional area can be achieved without the ventilation duct protruding far beyond the housing of the heat pump. In other words, a flat duct can rest particularly well against the housing of the heat pump and therefore not excessively increase the dimensions of the heat pump.
Vorzugsweise weist ein Ende des Entlüftungskanals Kopplungsmittel zum Anschluss eines externen Luftkanals auf. Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Entlüftungskanal hierfür um einen in Standardmaßen ausgefertigten Luftkanal, so dass eine Kopplung mit weiteren erhältlichen Luftkanalelementen möglich ist.One end of the ventilation duct preferably has coupling means for connecting an external air duct. For this purpose, the ventilation duct is particularly preferably an air duct made in standard dimensions, so that coupling with further available air duct elements is possible.
Der externe Luftkanal ermöglicht insbesondere eine Erweiterung der Wärmepumpe auf die Variante 3 des oben angesprochenen Sicherheitskonzepts. So kann der Entlüftungskanal bis nach außen aus dem Aufstellraum heraus erweitert werden und eine Ausleitung von eventuell austretendem Kältemittel aus dem Aufstellraum erreicht werden. Damit sinkt die Mindestgröße des Aufstellraums in dieser Variante auf 0 m2.In particular, the external air duct enables the heat pump to be expanded to include variant 3 of the above-mentioned safety concept. In this way, the ventilation duct can be expanded to the outside of the installation room and any refrigerant that may escape from the installation room can be discharged. This reduces the minimum size of the installation room in this variant to 0 m 2 .
Vorzugsweise weist der Entlüftungskanal eine Schalldämmung in seinem Inneren auf.The ventilation channel preferably has sound insulation in its interior.
Die Öffnung in dem dichten und schallisolierten Gehäuse der Wärmepumpe, die durch die Austrittsöffnung entsteht, sorgt dafür, dass Geräusche aus dem Inneren der Wärmepumpe durch den Entlüftungskanal nach außen treten können. Durch die Ausführung des Entlüftungskanals mit einer Schalldämmung wirkt der Entlüftungskanal vorzugsweise als Kulissenschalldämpfer und kann demnach die außerhalb der Wärmepumpe messbaren Geräusche reduzieren.The opening in the tight and sound-insulated housing of the heat pump, which is created by the outlet opening, ensures that noises can escape from the inside of the heat pump through the ventilation duct. By designing the ventilation duct with sound insulation, the ventilation duct preferably acts as a splitter silencer and can accordingly reduce the noises that can be measured outside the heat pump.
Die Austrittsöffnung ist an einer Unterseite des Gehäuses angeordnet und der Entlüftungskanal verläuft von der Austrittsöffnung unterhalb des Gehäuses zu einer Rückseite des Gehäuses und hinter der Rückseite nach oben.The outlet opening is arranged on an underside of the housing and the ventilation channel runs from the outlet opening below the housing to a rear side of the housing and upwards behind the rear side.
Durch diese vorteilhafte Führung des Entlüftungskanals wird erreicht, dass ein Ende des Entlüftungskanals weit oben liegt, beispielsweise im Bereich der Oberkante des Gehäuses oder sogar darüber. Damit kann die Mindestgröße des Aufstellraumes auch bereits ohne den bereitgestellten Lüfter reduziert werden.This advantageous guidance of the ventilation channel ensures that one end of the ventilation channel is high up, for example in the area of the upper edge of the housing or even above it. This means that the minimum size of the installation room can be reduced even without the fan being provided.
Zusätzlich ermöglicht die Form, die demnach den Luftstrom zweimal, einmal von vertikal in Richtung der Austrittsöffnung zu horizontal unter dem Gehäuse, und dann zu vertikal nach oben im Bereich der Hinterkante, umlenkt, dass auch ein entstehender Schall durch die zweifache Umlenkung besonders gut abgeschirmt wird.In addition, the shape, which accordingly deflects the air flow twice, once from vertically in the direction of the outlet opening to horizontally under the housing, and then to vertically upwards in the area of the rear edge, enables any sound that is generated to be shielded particularly well by the double deflection .
Vorzugsweise ist die verschließbare Aufnahme derart angeordnet, dass sie von einer Vorderseite des Gehäuses der Wärmepumpe zugänglich ist.The closable receptacle is preferably arranged such that it is accessible from a front side of the housing of the heat pump.
Die verschließbare Aufnahme kann sich beispielsweise unmittelbar an die Entlüftungsöffnung anschließen und an eine Bodenfläche des Gehäuses anschließen. Dann kann die verschließbare Aufnahme unterhalb des Gehäuses, das beispielsweise auf Standfüßen steht, zugänglich sein und ein zu installierender Lüfter im Bedarfsfall von vorne in die Aufnahme eingeführt werden. Auch eine Wartung und Instandhaltung des Lüfters ist einfach möglich, da die Aufnahme zur Wartung des Lüfters ebenfalls von der Vorderseite der Wärmepumpe aus zugänglich ist.The closable receptacle can, for example, directly adjoin the ventilation opening and adjoin a bottom surface of the housing. The lockable receptacle can then be accessible below the housing, which stands for example on feet, and a fan to be installed can be inserted into the receptacle from the front if necessary. Maintenance and servicing of the fan is also easy possible because the fan maintenance fixture is also accessible from the front of the heat pump.
Vorzugsweise weist die Wärmepumpe ferner einen Lüfter, insbesondere einen Radiallüfter, auf, der in der Aufnahme des Entlüftungskanals aufgenommen ist.The heat pump preferably also has a fan, in particular a radial fan, which is received in the receptacle of the ventilation channel.
Vorzugsweise ist die Wärmepumpe als innenaufgestellte Sole-Wärmepumpe ausgebildet. Gegenüber Luft-Wärmepumpen ist ein relevanter Unterschied, dass Sole-Wärmepumpen üblicherweise von sich aus keine Lüfter aufweisen, die zur Förderung von eventuell austretendem Kältemittel aus dem Aufstellraum heraus einsetzbar sind, so dass das Vorsehen zusätzlicher Elemente zum Gewährleisten der Sicherheitsanforderungen nötig ist.The heat pump is preferably designed as an internally installed brine heat pump. A relevant difference compared to air heat pumps is that brine heat pumps usually do not have any fans that can be used to convey any refrigerant that may escape from the installation room, so that additional elements must be provided to ensure the safety requirements.
Erfindungsgemäß wird ferner ein Verfahren zum Konfigurieren einer erfindungsgemäßen innenaufgestellten Wärmepumpe vorgeschlagen, wobei das Verfahren in Abhängigkeit einer Größe eines Aufstellraumes aufweist: Verlängern eines Entlüftungskanals der Wärmepumpe in eine größere Höhe in dem Aufstellraum; Bereitstellen eines Lüfters, insbesondere Radiallüfters in einer Aufnahme des Entlüftungskanals, und/oder Verlängern des Entlüftungskanals aus dem Aufstellraum heraus.According to the invention, a method for configuring an internally installed heat pump according to the invention is also proposed, the method comprising, depending on the size of an installation room: lengthening a ventilation duct of the heat pump to a greater height in the installation room; Providing a fan, in particular a radial fan, in a receptacle in the ventilation duct and / or extending the ventilation duct out of the installation room.
Je nach Größe des Aufstellraumes ist es demnach möglich, die gleiche Wärmepumpe gemäß der definierten 1., 2. oder 3. Variante zu betreiben. Die Wärmepumpe ist demnach unabhängig von einer Größe des Aufstellraumes sicher betreibbar. Gleichzeitig wird vermieden, dass unnötige Sicherheitskomponenten die Komplexität der Wärmepumpe erhöhen, falls diese aufgrund der Größe des Aufstellraumes nicht benötigt werden. Dies betrifft insbesondere den nachrüstbaren Lüfter und die nachrüstbare Verlängerung des Entlüftungskanals. Somit wird eine den Umständen angemessene, besonders einfache Wärmepumpe erhalten.Depending on the size of the installation room, it is therefore possible to operate the same heat pump according to the defined 1st, 2nd or 3rd variant. The heat pump can therefore be operated safely regardless of the size of the installation room. At the same time, it is avoided that unnecessary safety components increase the complexity of the heat pump if they are not needed due to the size of the installation room. This applies in particular to the retrofittable fan and the retrofittable extension of the ventilation duct. A particularly simple heat pump that is appropriate to the circumstances is thus obtained.
Vorteilhaft ist dem Entlüftungskanal ein Lüfter zugeordnet, wobei der Entlüftungskanal mit einer Luftleitung verbunden ist, die dazu geeignet ist, Aufstellraumluft aus dem Aufstellraum zu führen. Weiterhin weist die Luftleitung in ein Mischportal, wobei das Mischportal mit dem Entlüftungskanal und dem Maschinenraum verbunden ist und dazu geeignet ist Aufstellraumluft und Maschinenraumluft zusammen zu bringen.A fan is advantageously assigned to the ventilation duct, the ventilation duct being connected to an air line which is suitable for guiding the installation room air out of the installation room. Furthermore, the air line points into a mixing portal, the mixing portal being connected to the ventilation duct and the machine room and being suitable for bringing the installation room air and machine room air together.
Vorteilhaft weist die Wärmepumpe einen Lüfter auf, der mit dem Entlüftungskanal verbunden ist. Eine Druckseite des Lüfters ist einem Endabschnitt zugeordnet. Eine Saugseite des Lüfters ist dem Maschinenraum zugeordnet und die Saugseite hat eine Luftverbindung zum Aufstellraum.The heat pump advantageously has a fan which is connected to the ventilation duct. A pressure side of the fan is assigned to an end section. One suction side of the fan is assigned to the machine room and the suction side has an air connection to the installation room.
Der Lüfter ist vorteilhaft im Entlüftungskanal angeordnet. Eine Saugseite ist zu einer Austrittsöffnung gerichtet, die eine Öffnung im Gehäuse darstellt und wodurch im Fehlerfall austretendes Kältemittel, aus dem Kältemittelkreislaufs, zum Lüfter gesaugt wird. Das Kältemittel wird dann vom Lüfter durch den Entlüftungskanal zu einem Endabschnitt geleitet und aus der Wärmepumpe, bzw. aus dem Maschinenraum in den Aufstellraum gepustet.The fan is advantageously arranged in the ventilation duct. One suction side is directed towards an outlet opening which represents an opening in the housing and as a result of which, in the event of a fault, refrigerant escaping from the refrigerant circuit is sucked to the fan. The refrigerant is then conducted by the fan through the ventilation duct to an end section and blown out of the heat pump or out of the machine room into the installation room.
Vorteilhaft ist die Saugseite des Lüfters weiterhin mittels einer Luftleitung mit dem Aufstellraum verbunden. Vorteilhaft weist der Entlüftungskanal hierzu eine Eintrittsöffnung auf, wodurch Aufstellraumluft zum Lüfter strömen kann.The suction side of the fan is advantageously also connected to the installation room by means of an air line. For this purpose, the ventilation duct advantageously has an inlet opening, whereby the installation room air can flow to the fan.
Da der Lüfter für einen permanenten Betrieb ausgelegt ist, und auch permanent, also auch, wenn die Wärmepumpe ausgeschaltet ist in Betrieb ist, wird dauerhaft Aufstellraumluft über die Saugseite des Lüfters angesaugt. Dauerhaft und permanent findet demnach ein Volumenstrom von Aufstellraumluft durch die Eintrittsöffnung, durch die Luftverbindung zur Saugseite des Lüfters statt. Dort wird die Aufstellraumluft durch den Luftkanal weiter zum Endabschnitt gefördert. Nur im Leckagefall, wenn Kältemittel aus dem Kältemittelkreislauf austritt, wird dieses Kältemittel durch eine Austrittsöffnung des Maschinenraums zur Saugseite des Lüfters gefördert. Vorteilhaft wird hierbei die Außenraumluft und das Kältemittel in einem Mischportal, welches sich vor der Saugseite des Lüfters befindet zusammengeführt. Hier erfolgt vorteilhaft zumindest eine erste Vermischung von Außenraumluft und Kältemittel. Weiter im Luftkanal strömen im Leckagefall Kältemittel und Außenraumluft und vermischen sich weiter zu einem Mischvolumenstrom.Since the fan is designed for permanent operation, and also permanently, i.e. also when the heat pump is switched off, the installation room air is continuously drawn in via the suction side of the fan. Accordingly, there is a permanent and permanent volume flow of installation room air through the inlet opening, through the air connection to the suction side of the fan. There the installation room air is conveyed through the air duct to the end section. Only in the event of a leak, when refrigerant escapes from the refrigerant circuit, is this refrigerant conveyed through an outlet opening in the machine room to the suction side of the fan. The outside air and the refrigerant are advantageously brought together in a mixing portal which is located in front of the suction side of the fan. At least a first mixing of outside air and refrigerant advantageously takes place here. In the event of a leak, refrigerant and outside air flow further in the air duct and continue to mix to form a mixed volume flow.
In einem anderen vorteilhaften Fall ist die Saugseite des Lüfters nur mit dem Aufstellraum verbunden und saugt permanent Aufstellraumluft direkt an. Eine Verbindung der Austrittsöffnung mit dem Lüfter ist vorteilhaft nicht vorgesehen. Dann strömt die Außenraumluft im Entlüftungskanal weiter zu einer Venturidüse. In der Venturidüse erfolgt eine Beschleunigung des Volumenstroms und dadurch ein Druckabfall. Die Venturidüse weist eine Luftverbindung auf, die vorteilhaft eine Beschleunigungseinheit aufweist. Hier ist die Venturidüse vorteilhaft über die Austrittsöffnung mit dem Maschinenraum verbunden und durch den Unterdruck in der Venturidüse wird ein Unterdruck im Maschinenraum erzeugt. In einem Leckagefall wird durch den Unterdruck in der Venturidüse durch die Austrittsöffnung, Kältemittel aus dem Maschinenraum abgesaugt. Das Mischportal ist der Bereich, wo die Außenraumluft mit dem Kältemittel zusammentrifft. Durch die Luftverbindung strömt somit Außenraumluft, die mit Kältemittel zusammengebracht wird, was hier vorteilhaft in der Venturidüse im Mischportal erfolgt. Weiter strömt im Leckagefall ein Mischvolumen aus der Venturidüse heraus und weiter im Entlüftungskanal zum Endabschnitt.In another advantageous case, the suction side of the fan is only connected to the installation room and permanently draws in installation room air directly. A connection between the outlet opening and the fan is advantageously not provided. The outside air then flows in the ventilation duct to a Venturi nozzle. In the Venturi nozzle, the volume flow is accelerated and, as a result, a pressure drop occurs. The Venturi nozzle has an air connection, which advantageously has an acceleration unit. Here, the Venturi nozzle is advantageously connected to the machine room via the outlet opening and through the Negative pressure in the Venturi nozzle creates a negative pressure in the engine room. In the event of a leak, the negative pressure in the Venturi nozzle sucks refrigerant out of the machine room through the outlet opening. The mixing portal is the area where the outside air meets the refrigerant. Outside air, which is brought together with refrigerant, thus flows through the air connection, which is advantageously carried out here in the Venturi nozzle in the mixing portal. Furthermore, in the event of a leak, a mixed volume flows out of the Venturi nozzle and continues in the ventilation duct to the end section.
Das Mischportal ist eine Zone, wo Außenraumluft und im Leckagefall Kältemittel zusammentreffen.The mixing portal is a zone where outside air and, in the event of a leak, refrigerant meet.
Das Mischportal wird vorteilhaft vom Ende der Luftleitung und der Saugseite des Lüfters gebildet.The mixing portal is advantageously formed by the end of the air line and the suction side of the fan.
Gemäß einem anderen Gedanken der Erfindung ist das Mischportal in der Venturidüse, oder nach der Venturidüse durch die Luftleitung der Venturidüse und der Austrittsöffnung gebildet.According to another concept of the invention, the mixing portal is formed in the Venturi nozzle, or after the Venturi nozzle by the air line of the Venturi nozzle and the outlet opening.
Im Mischportal erfolgt vorteilhaft eine Vermischung von Kältemittel und Aufstellraumluft. Nach dem Verlassen des Entlüftungskanals, vorteilhafter Weise durch ein Lochblech wird das Kältemittel weiter mit der Außenluft vermischt.In the mixing portal, refrigerant and installation room air are advantageously mixed. After leaving the ventilation duct, advantageously through a perforated plate, the refrigerant is further mixed with the outside air.
Gemäß einem vorteilhaften Verfahren zur Sicherung einer in einem Aufstellraum aufgestellten Wärmepumpe wird mit einem Außenraumluftstrom ein Unterdruck in einem Maschinenraum des Gehäuses der Wärmepumpe erzeugt, wobei der Lüfter permanent läuft und aus dem Aufstellraum permanent Aufstellraumluft angesaugt wird. Im Falle einer Leckage wird Kältemittel eines Kältemittelkreislaufs aus dem Maschinenraum abgesaugt und mit Aufstellraumluft aus dem Aufstellraum vermischt. Das Kältemittel wird aus dem Maschinenraum vorteilhaft zumindest mittelbar vom Lüfter angesaugt und das Gemisch aus Kältemittel aus dem Maschinenraum und Aufstellraumluft wird wieder in den Aufstellraum befördert.According to an advantageous method for securing a heat pump set up in an installation room, a negative pressure is generated in a machine room of the housing of the heat pump with an outside air flow, the fan running permanently and installation room air being sucked in permanently from the installation room. In the event of a leak, refrigerant in a refrigerant circuit is sucked out of the machine room and mixed with the installation room air from the installation room. The refrigerant is advantageously sucked in at least indirectly by the fan from the machine room and the mixture of refrigerant from the machine room and installation room air is conveyed back into the installation room.
Vorteilhaft wird aus dem Aufstellraum im Leckagefall vom Lüfter, permanent ein Kältemittel-Luftgemisch durch den Entlüftungskanal gefördert, auch wenn das Kältemittel bereits aus dem Maschinenraum in den Aufstellraum gefördert wurde, wobei die Förderung von Luft und Kältemittel im Leckagefall dauerhaft weiter erfolgt. Damit wird die Luft und/oder das Kältemittel im Aufstellraum permanent bewegt und mit der dortigen Aufstellraumluft gemischt.Advantageously, in the event of a leak, a refrigerant-air mixture is continuously conveyed through the ventilation duct from the installation room by the fan, even if the refrigerant has already been conveyed from the machine room to the installation room, with the air and refrigerant being conveyed continuously in the event of a leak. So that the air and / or the refrigerant in the installation room is constantly moving and mixed with the air in the installation room.
Der permanente Lauf des Lüfters schließ vorteilhaft mögliche Kalibrierzyklen, in denen er langsam läuft mit ein. Auch ein taktend betriebener Lüfter, der immer wieder aus- und eingeschaltet wird, fällt unter den Begriff "permanent laufend". Damit ist umfasst, dass der Lüfter in einer Zeiteinheit ein Volumen von Aufstellraumluft und/oder Kältemittel und/oder Kältemittel-Aufstellraumluft umwälzt und/oder einen Unterdruck im Maschinenraum erzeugt. Ein in einem Ein-Aus betrieb taktender Lüfter fällt vorteilhaft ebenfalls unter den Begriff permanenter Betrieb, auch wenn der Lüfter kurzzeitig zum stehen kommt, insbesondere für einen Kalibier- oder Sicherheitsmodus. Auch fällt unter "permanenter Betrieb" ein in der Drehzahl variierender Lüfter.The permanent running of the fan advantageously includes possible calibration cycles in which it runs slowly. A cyclically operated fan that is switched on and off again and again falls under the term "permanently running". This includes that the fan circulates a volume of installation room air and / or refrigerant and / or refrigerant installation room air and / or generates a negative pressure in the machine room in a unit of time. A fan that clocks in an on-off mode also advantageously falls under the term permanent operation, even if the fan comes to a standstill for a short time, in particular for a calibration or safety mode. A fan with a variable speed also falls under "permanent operation".
Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist es die Drehzahl des Lüfters oder sein Fördervermögen abhängig von einer Leckagedetektion einzustellen. Wird eine Leckage detektiert, dann wird vorteilhaft die Drehzahl oder der Fördervolumenstrom des Lüfters erhöht.It is also advantageous to set the speed of the fan or its pumping capacity depending on a leakage detection. If a leak is detected, the speed or the delivery volume flow of the fan is advantageously increased.
Vorteilhaft ist eine Leckagedetektion vorgesehen, womit ein Fehlersignal angezeigt und vorteilhaft per E-Mail versendet wird und die Wärmepumpe abgeschaltet wird, vorteilhaft spannungsfrei geschaltet wird, wobei der Lüfter weiterläuft, vorteilhaft mit Netz- und/oder Akkubetrieb.Leak detection is advantageously provided, with which an error signal is displayed and advantageously sent by e-mail and the heat pump is switched off, advantageously switched to a voltage-free state, with the fan continuing to run, advantageously with mains and / or battery operation.
Gemäß einem weiteren vorteilhaften Gedanken der Erfindung wird die Wärmepumpe abgeschaltet, wenn der Lüfter defekt ist. Vorteilhaft wird dann ein Warnsignal erzeugt und vorteilhaft auch an einen User gesendet.According to a further advantageous concept of the invention, the heat pump is switched off when the fan is defective. A warning signal is then advantageously generated and advantageously also sent to a user.
Weitere Vorteile und Ausgestaltungen werden nachfolgend mit Verweis auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen beschrieben. Hierbei zeigen:
- Fig. 1, 2
- schematisch und exemplarisch perspektivische Ansichten einer erfindungsgemäßen Wärmepumpe,
- Fig. 3
- schematisch und exemplarisch eine Schnittansicht einer Ausführung der Wärmepumpe,
- Fig. 4
- schematisch und exemplarisch eine Schnittansicht einer weiteren Ausführung der Wärmepumpe und
- Fig. 5
- schematisch und exemplarisch eine Schnittansicht einer weiteren Ausführung der Wärmepumpe.
- Fig. 6
- Wärmepumpe schematisch mit einem Entlüftungskanal und einem Lüfter
- Fig. 7
- Wärmepumpe mit Entlüftungskanal und Luftkanal
- Fig. 8
- Wärmepumpe mit Venturidüse als Mischportal im Entlüftungskanal
- Fig. 9
- Wärmepumpe mit Mischportal Entlüftungskanal
- Fig. 10
- Seitenwand mit Entlüftungskanal und Lüfter
- Fig. 11
- Seitenwand mit Eintrittsöffnung
- Fig. 12
- Seitenwand mit Auslass und Einlasslabyrinth
- Fig. 13
- Abschnitt des Entlüftungskanals mit Lüfter und Mischportal
- Fig. 1, 2
- schematic and exemplary perspective views of a heat pump according to the invention,
- Fig. 3
- a schematic and exemplary sectional view of an embodiment of the heat pump,
- Fig. 4
- schematically and by way of example a sectional view of a further embodiment of the heat pump and
- Fig. 5
- a schematic and exemplary sectional view of a further embodiment of the heat pump.
- Fig. 6
- Heat pump schematically with a ventilation duct and a fan
- Fig. 7
- Heat pump with ventilation duct and air duct
- Fig. 8
- Heat pump with Venturi nozzle as a mixing portal in the ventilation duct
- Fig. 9
- Heat pump with mixing portal ventilation duct
- Fig. 10
- Side wall with ventilation duct and fan
- Fig. 11
- Side wall with inlet opening
- Fig. 12
- Side wall with outlet and inlet labyrinth
- Fig. 13
- Section of the ventilation duct with fan and mixing portal
Unterhalb des und hinter dem Gerät ist ein Entlüftungskanal 30 angeordnet. Der Entlüftungskanal 30 entspringt in einem Abschnitt 32, in dem das Gehäuse 10 eine Austrittsöffnung (vgl.
Von der Vorderseite 12 ist eine verschließbare Aufnahme 36 des Entlüftungskanals 30 zugänglich. Über die verschließbare Aufnahme 36 ist ein Lüfter montierbar, wie später mit Verweis auf
In
Für den Fall, dass der Aufstellraum trotz Verlängerung mittels externen Luftkanals 50 zu klein ist, wird ein Lüfter 40, wie er schematisch und exemplarisch in
Der Lüfter 40 ist ein Radiallüfter, der 90° zur Ansaugrichtung ausbläst, und vorzugsweise in dem Entlüftungskanal 30 montiert wird. Durch die von der Vorderseite zugängliche Klappe 37 wird die Installation des Lüfters 40 erleichtert.The
Gemäß
Gemäß
Bei den
Gemäß
In
In
Das Mischportal 61 ist vorteilhaft eine Zone oder Bereich, in dem Außenraumluft und im Leckagefall Kältemittel zusammentreffen. Das Mischportal 61 befindet sich hinter der Luftleitung 31 und vor der Saugseite 41. Wird eine Venturidüse verwendet, so erfolgt eine mittelbare Unterdruckerzeugung in der Venturidüse, nicht direkt durch den Lüfter bzw. die Saugseite des Lüfters 40, sondern durch den Bereich Venturidüse, wo eine Strömungsbeschleunigung und somit ein Druckabfall erzeugt wird. An der Stelle des Druckabfalls in der Venturidüse befindet sich bei Verwendung eines Venturidüseneinsatzes oder einer Venturidüse, die im Entlüftungskanal 30 angeordnet in das Mischportal 61, wo dann Außenraumluft und im Leckagefall Kältemittel zusammentreffen.The mixing
Claims (10)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Entlüftungskanal (30) eine verschließbare Aufnahme (36) aufweist, die zur Aufnahme eines Lüfters (40) ausgebildet ist.
characterized in that the ventilation duct (30) has a closable receptacle (36) which is designed to receive a fan (40).
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DE102019001634.3A DE102019001634A1 (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | Heat pump |
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EP3705799A1 true EP3705799A1 (en) | 2020-09-09 |
EP3705799B1 EP3705799B1 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
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DE (1) | DE102019001634A1 (en) |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4050284A1 (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-08-31 | Stiebel Eltron GmbH & Co. KG | Heat pump |
WO2023232504A1 (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-07 | Bdr Thermea Group B.V. | Enclosure for a heat pump |
EP4361518A1 (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2024-05-01 | BDR Thermea Group B.V. | Enclosure for a heat pump |
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JPH09324928A (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-16 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Air conditioner using combustible refrigerant |
WO2003010473A1 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-02-06 | Climastar Sa | Heat pump comprising a safety ventilation device |
EP3184930A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-28 | Societe Industrielle de Chauffage (SIC) | Arrangement made up of a refrigerating system and a building |
EP3358279A1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-08-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Water heat exchanger accommodation unit |
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DE4102245A1 (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1992-08-13 | Ilka Maschinenfabrik Halle Gmb | SAFETY DEVICE FOR REFRIGERATOR UNITS WITH AMMONIA AS A REFRIGERANT |
DE102009029392A1 (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-03-24 | WESKA Kälteanlagen GmbH | Explosion-proof refrigeration system with flammable refrigerant |
WO2015032905A1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-12 | Holger König | Method for preventing leakage from a container and a container having leakage safeguard |
DE202016103305U1 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-07-07 | Futron GmbH | Explosion-proof device for tempering heat transfer fluids |
DE102017115522B4 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2019-11-14 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for the preparation of block polymers by linkage of blocks by a transpeptidase and block polymers obtained by transpeptidase linkage |
DE102017126952A1 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-16 | Vaillant Gmbh | Leak detection by adsorber |
FR3074267B1 (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-09-25 | Osmose | AIR RENEWAL DEVICE IN A CONFINED ENCLOSURE |
-
2019
- 2019-03-08 DE DE102019001634.3A patent/DE102019001634A1/en active Pending
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2020
- 2020-03-06 EP EP20161649.7A patent/EP3705799B1/en active Active
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH09324928A (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1997-12-16 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Air conditioner using combustible refrigerant |
WO2003010473A1 (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-02-06 | Climastar Sa | Heat pump comprising a safety ventilation device |
EP3358279A1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-08-08 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Water heat exchanger accommodation unit |
EP3184930A1 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-28 | Societe Industrielle de Chauffage (SIC) | Arrangement made up of a refrigerating system and a building |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4050284A1 (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-08-31 | Stiebel Eltron GmbH & Co. KG | Heat pump |
WO2023232504A1 (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-07 | Bdr Thermea Group B.V. | Enclosure for a heat pump |
EP4361518A1 (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2024-05-01 | BDR Thermea Group B.V. | Enclosure for a heat pump |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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PL3705799T3 (en) | 2023-05-08 |
EP3705799B1 (en) | 2023-01-04 |
DE102019001634A1 (en) | 2020-09-10 |
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