EP3692208A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un support flexible cellulosique fonctionnel, installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'un support flexible cellulosique fonctionnel, installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procedeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3692208A1 EP3692208A1 EP18793252.0A EP18793252A EP3692208A1 EP 3692208 A1 EP3692208 A1 EP 3692208A1 EP 18793252 A EP18793252 A EP 18793252A EP 3692208 A1 EP3692208 A1 EP 3692208A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inks
- printing
- functional
- fibrous mat
- optionally
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/40—Agents facilitating proof of genuineness or preventing fraudulent alteration, e.g. for security paper
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0393—Flexible materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
- D21H15/10—Composite fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
- D21H25/04—Physical treatment, e.g. heating, irradiating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
- D21J3/00—Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds
- D21J3/12—Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds of sheets; of diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0386—Paper sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
- H05K3/1208—Pretreatment of the circuit board, e.g. modifying wetting properties; Patterning by using affinity patterns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
- H05K3/1275—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns by other printing techniques, e.g. letterpress printing, intaglio printing, lithographic printing, offset printing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistors, capacitors or inductors
- H05K1/162—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistors, capacitors or inductors incorporating printed capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/01—Dielectrics
- H05K2201/0137—Materials
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of the manufacture of functional circuits or cards whose support is based on paper and which are capable of carrying, circulating and / or processing a signal, in particular an electrical signal. in the case of printed electrical circuits or electronic cards.
- the invention relates to the manufacture on an industrial scale of printed circuits / electronic cards on flexible and cellulosic supports.
- the invention also relates to objects resulting from such manufacture, including electronic cards comprising electroconductive tracks and electronic components, printed on a paper-based support.
- these supports consist of rigid composites, produced by impregnation of a fibrous substrate, for example paper, an epoxy resin or a phenolic resin.
- a fibrous substrate for example paper, an epoxy resin or a phenolic resin.
- These composites have the disadvantage of being relatively expensive in terms of production and recycling, and moreover, of being thermally unstable.
- the dielectric constant of these composites is not optimal, especially in view of the difficulties of their production.
- US6042936A thus describes a substrate formed by a nonwoven fibrous mat comprising wood pulp, a flocculation agent formed by a cationic polyacrylamide and a low-dielectric charge constituted by hollow glass microspheres.
- This flexible fibrous substrate is converted into a flat rigid support by impregnation to saturation, with a phenolic or epoxy resin, which crosslinks.
- a whole electronic technology printed on paper has been developed, which aims to be simpler and more economical and which can be implemented on very large surfaces.
- paper and more precisely cellulose is a dielectric, i.e. an insulator, not electrically inert, which has on the atomic scale electrostatic dipoles that interact with external electromagnetic fields.
- the magnitude that characterizes dielectrics is the electrical permittivity, which describes the polarization of the material.
- the paper can be coated or uncoated.
- Uncoated paper has been found to be poorly suited to performing electroconductive printing because the roughness and porosity of uncoated paper is very important. This induces a discontinuity of the electroconductive tracks which thus have a relatively low conductivity. Such a finding is made on page 6, 5th paragraph of the patent FR3012153 Bl.
- coated papers have pigment layers bound with a synthetic latex, which decreases their porosity and surface roughness.
- the printing of such coated papers with electroconductive inks is not satisfactory because the coated papers can not withstand thermal treatments, which are nevertheless essential for the annealing of inks. electroconductive implementation.
- these coated papers have this annoying they turn yellow from 140 ° C.
- FR3012153 B1 proposes a paper comprising a fibrous substrate comprising at least one face covered with at least one layer, said layer comprising or consisting of:
- thickening agent such as polyvinyl alcohol.
- Such a paper intended for printed electronics remains defective, in particular because of its cost, its thermal resistance (yellowing) perfectible and their insufficient dimensional stability (dimensional deformations or shrinkage during annealing at high temperature).
- the present invention aims to satisfy at least one of the objectives set out below.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of manufacturing a flexible cellulosic support comprising at least one functional circuit and / or comparable to at least one functional card, this circuit and / or this card being likely to be carrier (s), to circulate and / or process a signal.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved and simple process for the production of a flexible cellulosic support comprising at least one electrical / electronic circuit printed and / or comparable to at least one card. electronic.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide an improved method of manufacturing a functional cellulosic flexible support (printed electronics) which can easily produce industrially, multilayers incorporating one or more levels of electrical circuits or electronic cards
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide electronic objects such as electronic cards, reliable, efficient, economical and robust, by implementing the method as referred to in one of the above objectives.
- One of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide a simple and economical installation for the implementation of the method as referred to in one of the above objectives.
- a method of manufacturing a flexible cellulosic support comprising at least one functional circuit and / or comparable to at least one functional card, this circuit and or this card being capable of being carrier (s), to circulate and / or to process a signal, in particular an electrical signal in the case of printed electrical circuits or electronic cards, characterized in that it consists essentially of: a) preparing or implementing an aqueous fibrous suspension comprising pulp and / or pulp (micro / macro) cellulose fibrils;
- step f) optionally at least partially remove the water contained in the fibrous mat optionally coated according to step e);
- g) optionally, coating the printed face of the fibrous batt with at least one layer of inorganic pigments and binders; h) optionally, printing one of the faces of the support that can be obtained at the end of at least one of the steps e) to g), by means of at least one functional ink capable of transmitting, emitting and / or at least one signal processing, to achieve at least one topography comprising at least one signal flow path optionally at least one component capable of acting on the signal.
- the process according to the invention is particularly efficient and advantageous in that it consists in printing functional inks, for example conducting (silver or carbon base solvents or water), on a sheet of paper or film of wet cellulose microfibrils. course of manufacture followed by encapsulation of the printed circuit by superposition of a second sheet of paper or film of wet cellulose microfibrils. The bilayer or complex paper is then consolidated by compression and drying under stress.
- functional inks for example conducting (silver or carbon base solvents or water
- the print sequence [step d)] / lamination [step e)] in the wet state can be repeated several times, to obtain multilayer structures with 3D circuits embedded in a sheet of paper.
- the method makes it possible not to resort to lamination processes requiring the use of adhesives (gluing).
- the deposited functional inks can not be discharged into liquid effluents, which is a substantial environmental benefit.
- the final product is in the form of a flexible paper sheet, having a thickness of a few hundred microns, with a network of functional tracks, for example conducting, embedded in the mass.
- the subject of the present invention is:
- a flexible cellulosic support comprising at least one functional circuit and / or comparable to at least one functional map, mono or multilayer, obtainable by the process according to the invention characterized by a thickness of between 100 and 500 ⁇ , preferably between 200 and 400 ⁇ .
- An electronic card manufactured by the process according to the invention characterized in that it consists of a sandwich capacitor grid each formed at the intersection of electroconductive tracks P1, P2 forming the gate.
- This electronic card is also characterized in that the gate comprises N PI tracks and N tracks P2, in that the N PI tracks are each capable of being connected to one of the terminals of an electrical generator (voltage of entry), in that the N tracks P2 may each be connected to a device for measuring the output voltage, so as to evaluate the variation of the capacitance of each capacitor, in response to the supply of moisture to said capacitor, this contribution of moisture is preferably effected by touching a human finger or by blowing air exhaled by a human mouth.
- this electronic card is also characterized in that it constitutes a keyboard of an electronic device, preferably a computer, a digital tablet or a smartphone.
- At least one papermaking system preferably of the type specified in IS05269 (Rapid Kôten method), or
- At least one paper machine comprising a headbox, a drip-cloth - preferably a flat-table -, a section of presses, a dryer and a winder;
- non-contact deposit / printing system in particular by extrusion, spray or inkjet or "jetting”; and / or a contact deposition / printing system, in particular by screen printing, preferably rotary screen printing, flexography, pad printing, gravure printing, or offset printing;
- At least one functional ink selected from inks composed of at least one low-polarity solvent and slightly miscible in water, preferably in the group comprising - ideally consisting of: - colored inks, electrically conductive inks, inks thermally conductive, semiconductor inks, insulating inks, magnetic inks, dielectric inks, ... and mixtures thereof.
- kit for implementing the method according to the invention characterized in that it comprises all or part of the installation according to the invention.
- any singular denotes indifferently a singular or a plural.
- Cellulosic comprising cellulose fibers and / or fibrils
- Paper pulp aqueous suspension of cellulosic fibers or a mixture of cellulosic fibers and / or mineral particles such as talc, kaolin, calcium carbonate and / or synthetic fibers such as glass fibers, made of polymeric material and regenerated cellulose (viscose type or more generally obtained via a process of dissolution and spinning of cellulose pulp).
- Cellulose fibril paste aqueous suspension of macro and / or micro fibrils of cellulose.
- Weight fibrous mattress a layer of cellulosic fibers whose dryness is at least 3%.
- solvent with low polarity aprotic solvent or aprotic solvent of dipole moment ⁇ ⁇ 2 D (debye).
- the method according to the invention is part of a discontinuous manufacture of paper involving at least one disperser, at least one filtration / drainage column equipped with at least one filtering fabric, at least one calibrated cylinder (for example 3kg) compression (pressing) and a device for drying the sheet under stress.
- the method according to the invention is part of an industrial continuous manufacture of paper involving a paper machine comprising at least one head box, at least one drip sheet - preferably flat table - At least one section of presses, at least one dryer and at least one coiler.
- the fibrous mat can be prepared according to the methods of preparation described in ISO-5269. In particular, it may be the so-called “German” method or "Rapid Kôthen".
- this fibrous mat could be obtained by all types of techniques using a filtration dewatering system.
- the suspension implemented in step a) has a solids concentration of between 0.1 and 1% by weight, preferably between 0.2 and 0.5% by weight. .
- the cellulosic fibers used are characterized by a degree of refining of between 20 and 80 ° SR, preferably between 30 and 70 ° SR, and still more preferably 40 to 60 ° SR.
- This fibrous suspension may be, for example, a bleached softwood kraft pulp, or else an unbleached softwood kraft pulp, a bleached kraft hardwood pulp, an unbleached hardwood kraft pulp.
- the production of the wet fibrous mat according to step b), is performed in the front filtration column which distributes the suspension of step a) over the width of the filter cloth.
- the production of the wet fibrous mat according to step b) is performed by the headbox which distributes the suspension of step a) over the width of the drip sheet.
- Step c) of dewatering, preferably by filtration, of the cellulosic fiber suspension of step b) takes place on the filter cloth.
- the dryness of the fibrous mat at the end of the dewatering (c), preferably by filtration, in% by weight and in a preferably increasing order, is between 1 and 60; 1 and 40; 10 and 20; 5 to 20; 10 to 15.
- This dripping of step (c) is preferably carried out on a fabric of the type used in the manufacture of paper.
- this dewatering could be a filtration carried out using any type of fabric, membrane or filter having a cut-off point of between 1 and 200 ⁇ . It is also appropriate, in accordance with the invention, for this wet fibrous mat to have a dry matter surface density of between 30 and 100 g / m 2 , preferably between 40 and 80 g / m 2 , and more preferably still between 50 and 70 g / m 2 .
- the dewatering c) is carried out in practice, by means of vacuum pumps which will suck through the fabric a certain proportion of the water supplied by the preparation.
- This type of formation on a canvas causes an asymmetry in the thickness of the sheet.
- the two faces, called the canvas side and the felt side respectively, can be distinguished on a sheet of paper, the canvas side being the one that has been in contact with the latter during the distribution of the dough.
- This dissymmetry can be reduced if the formation of the sheet is between two canvases or by hybrid industrial formation systems on very short flat table and between two canvases.
- the pressing c ' can be carried out by means of pressing rolls (calenders).
- the printing according to step d) is carried out by depositing the functional ink on one of the faces of the fibrous mat, after disappearance of the surface water film, during the dewatering of step (c), this phenomenon being at an overall dryness of the fibrous mattress greater than 1% by weight and less than or equal to 30% by weight, preferably 15% by weight.
- the surface fibers are no longer covered with a film of water and the appearance of the surface of the fibrous mat becomes dull.
- This modification of the optical reflection of the surface can in particular be apprehended by an objective measurement of the gloss which is carried out by illuminating the surface with a point source, and by measuring the intensity of the ray reflected at angles fixed by convention. In this case, a drastic drop in gloss is observed after the passage of the water line.
- the ink deposit (s) functional (s) / printing is performed:
- non-contact deposition / printing process in particular by an extrusion process, a spray process or an inkjet or jetting process;
- a contact deposition / printing process in particular by a screen printing process, preferably rotary screen printing, a printing method, a pad printing method, a gravure printing process, or an offset process.
- the functional ink is preferably an ink composed of at least one solvent of low polarity and poorly miscible with water, this ink being suitably selected from the group comprising - ideally consisting of -: colored inks, inks electrically conductive, thermally conductive inks, semi-conductive inks, insulating inks, magnetic inks, ... and mixtures thereof.
- the electrically conductive inks are advantageously either inks based on organic polymers (organic inks), or inks based on metal particles (inorganic inks), or inks based on carbon.
- the organic ink may for example be composed of small molecules or polymers:
- PEDOT-PSS mixture of two polymers, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly (sodium styrene sulfonate (PS S)
- Inorganic inks are for example inks based on conductive metal particles: silver, gold, nickel, platinum or palladium ...
- the metals are present in the ink in the form of microparticles or nanoparticles spherical, tubular, planar ...
- Inks based on carbon are, for example, inks based on carbon nanotubes, possibly doped with carbon black.
- All these functional inks are preferably composed of at least one solvent of low polarity and poorly miscible in water.
- inks whose solvent is non-aqueous, for example organic.
- they may be glycol ethersters (especially acetates) such as 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate. This solvent avoids the spreading of the ink on the wet fibrous mat after printing, a consequence of physicochemical affinities.
- inks advantageously contain a water-miscible co-solvent, for example a compound of the family of glycol ethers such as (2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol for:
- a water-miscible co-solvent for example a compound of the family of glycol ethers such as (2-butoxyethoxy) ethanol for:
- - Adapt the viscosity of the ink to the printing process.
- fluidifying the ink for processes such as spray, inkjet, jetting or flexography.
- All these inks are characterized by a viscosity after significant printing, for example greater than or equal to 10, 15 or 20 Pa.s, minimizing the penetration by capillary effect of the ink in the fibrous mat during the pressing step.
- the viscosity of these inks is adapted to the printing process used.
- they may be Newtonian inks with a viscosity of between 5 and 100 mPa.s or rheo-fluidizing inks with a viscosity at 1 s (-1) of between 20 and 500 Pa.s and a viscosity at 1000 s (-l) of between 0.5 and 10 Pa.s.
- the viscosity and the rheological behavior are measured with a cone-plane or plane-plane rheometer (depending on the type of inks characterized) of the Anton Paar MCR-302 rheometer type.
- This step e) which occurs when one wants to achieve a flexible support structure in "sandwich", consists of superimposing at least one wet layer on the printed face of the fibrous mat.
- this fibrous layer can be carried out by superposition of at least one mattress wet fiber, preferably prepared in accordance with the preparation methods described in ISO-5269. In particular, it may be the so-called “German” method or "Rapid Kôthen".
- this fibrous layer can be carried out on multilayer type paper machines consisting of several forming systems (headbox and filtering fabric) in parallel.
- step f) involves the elimination of water, which is preferably decomposed as follows:
- a thermal post-treatment preferably at a temperature greater than or equal to 180 ° C, and more preferably still between
- the pressing is preferably carried out in accordance with what may occur in the section of the presses of a paper machine, to pressurize the water contained in the wet fibrous mat printed or uncoated with at least one fibrous wet layer, printed or not. This operation is intended to give the sheet some resistance and to reduce the maximum water before arriving in drying.
- the press can be of different types, either simply covered with absorbent material, the felt, or be more perforated to be able to suck some of the water, or be grooved or have an intermediate plastic cloth. f.2.
- the drying may advantageously be of the type found in the dry part of a paper machine.
- This step is controlled so as to give the printed flexible support, desirable mechanical properties: rigidity, tensile strength, tear or burst, or dimensional stability. f.3.
- the thermal post-treatment can be for example a high temperature and low pressure calendering.
- This step consists in coating the printed face of the fibrous mat with at least one layer consisting of inorganic pigments and binders.
- this step is carried out by means of a spray nozzle, or more generally by coating techniques without contact type curtain coating, coating by air knife,
- the inorganic pigments are chosen from the group comprising: talc, calcium and / or magnesium carbonate, kaolin and more generally any type of pigment belonging to the family of metal oxides, sulphates and silicates.
- binders they are preferably selected from synthetic latices (styrene-butadiene or polyvinyl alcohol type), binders of natural origin such as starches, celluloses such as carboxymethylcellulose, polylactic acid, animal or vegetable origin (eg casein, soy, ).
- This optional step (h) may complete the printing step (d). It is therefore necessary to print one of the faces of the support resulting from at least one of the steps e), f), g), by means of at least one functional ink capable of transmitting, transmitting and / or to process at least one signal, to achieve at least one topography comprising at least one signal flow path optionally at least one component capable of acting on the signal.
- step (d) described above apply mutatis mutandis at this step (h).
- This "stripping" step is carried out in the case where a coating / encapsulation of the printed face of the basic wet fibrous mat obtained in step c) or of the face has been performed. printed with a coating / encapsulation layer of step (e).
- the method of manufacturing flexible paper media functional-for example electronic-perhaps a continuous industrial process, online.
- the flexible functional supports obtained can also be packaged on reels, as is done in paper manufacturing.
- These coils can be mother rolls which can then be unwound and split into daughter rolls, with the characteristics required by the end user (length, diameter, regular tension, dust free slice, conforming chuck, traceability, visible splices).
- the daughter reels are likely to be transformed into sheets or format with a specific and determined width and length, corresponding to the specifications of functional printed circuits / functional cards, for example electronic, targeted.
- the manufactured object is an electronic card comprising at least one printed circuit and at least one electronic component, the latter being preferably an interdigital capacitor or a sandwich capacitor.
- N electroconductive parallel PI tracks are printed on a wet fibrous mat during step d)
- step d) is reproduced by printing on the free face of the wet fibrous layer, N parallel electroconductive parallel tracks P2, perpendicular to the tracks P1,
- step e) / step d)] is repeated an integer number of times, step f) occurring at the end of at least part of the sequences and / or at the end of the last sequence.
- the average basis weight of these flexible supports is for example between 10 and 200 g / m 2 , preferably 30 and 100 g / m 2 , and more preferably 50 and 70 g / m 2 .
- the relative electrical permittivity of these flexible supports is for example between 1 and 10, preferably 2 and 8, and more preferably 3 and 5. This relative electrical permittivity is measured according to standard ASTM D150-11, Standard Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric).
- the process according to the invention which is a process for printing or even encapsulating functional inks on a flexible multilayer single-layer paper medium, opens doors in many technical fields, and in particular that of printed electronics.
- the electroconductive functional inks of the supports obtained by the process form an integral part of said supports.
- Patterns or printed topographies may include not only conductive tracks (printed circuit boards), but also electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, LEDs, chips, microcontroller sensors, and other processors.
- These electronic components can be exogenous and then integrated into the electronic boards constituted by the flexible supports according to the invention, but it is also possible, by printing topographies and patterns, with conductive inks, within the support, to use the electrical characteristics. paper to produce endogenous electronic components.
- the functional flexible media thus obtained become completed electronic devices capable of interacting with end users.
- another of these objects resulting from the process may be an electronic card manufactured by the method of the invention, characterized in that it consists of a sandwich capacitor grid each formed at the intersection of the tracks PI and P2.
- this electronic card is characterized in that the N tracks PI are each connectable to one of the terminals of an electrical generator (input voltage), in that the N tracks P2 are each capable of being connected to an output voltage measuring apparatus, so as to evaluate the variation of the capacitance of each capacitor, in response to the supply of moisture to said capacitor, this supply of moisture being effected preferably by touching a human finger or by blowing air exhaled by a human mouth.
- This electronic card is therefore usable for touch detection applications. More precisely, the intended application and the use of the dielectric characteristics of the paper support to create humidity variation sensors, in order to activate areas of the paper support. The goal is to get a responsive keyboard to the breath or touch of the user.
- Such an electronic card can thus constitute according to the invention, a keyboard of an electronic device, preferably a computer, a digital tablet or a smartphone.
- the objects resulting from the process according to the invention or capable of being can also be intelligent packaging, safety packaging, medical packaging, in which encapsulated encapsulated antennas can be encapsulated. RFID, magnetic tapes, or humidity sensors.
- the functional inks deposited in the paper base of the support according to the invention are tracers (colored, magnetic, resistive) which remain hidden in the structure of the paper support, this opens the way to papers with specific signatures for "secure papers” applications.
- A2 For the application described in A1 above as for others, a high conductivity is not necessary.
- the invention thus makes it possible to develop inexpensive aqueous inks that can be sprayed.
- Functional flexible support for the measurement of charge distribution in particular via: (i) printing and encapsulation of flat capacitors for the production of sensitive floor coverings, (ii) printing and encapsulation in cartons for packaging, interdigitated capacitors that can be used as strain gauges.
- Conductive functional flexible support obtained by depositing a structured pattern or a continuous layer (flat) on the wet fibrous mat, which may be used in the manufacture potentially anti-static means or electromagnetic screens.
- the present invention relates to two installations for the implementation of the characterized method.
- non-contact deposit / printing system in particular by extrusion, spray or inkjet or "jetting”; and / or a contact deposition / printing system, in particular by screen printing, preferably rotary screen printing, flexography, pad printing, gravure printing, or offset printing;
- At least one functional ink composed of at least one solvent of low polarity and poorly miscible in water, this ink preferably being chosen from the group comprising - ideally consisting of -: colored inks, electrically conductive inks, inks thermally conductive, semiconductor inks, insulating inks, magnetic inks, ... and their mixtures.
- At least one paper machine comprising a headbox, a drip-cloth - preferably a flat-table -, a press section, a dryer and a winder;
- a non-contact deposit / printing system in particular by extrusion, spray or inkjet or "jetting"; and / or a contact deposition / printing system, in particular by screen printing, preferably rotary screen printing, flexography, pad printing, gravure printing, or offset printing;
- At least one functional ink composed of at least one solvent of low polarity and poorly miscible in water, this ink preferably being chosen from the group comprising - ideally consisting of -: colored inks, electrically conductive inks, inks thermally conductive, semiconductor inks, insulating inks, magnetic inks, ... and their mixtures.
- Figures 2 and 3 attached show an embodiment of these facilities.
- Figure 2 shows the fabrication of encapsulated circuits according to a batch laboratory method using a protocol for manufacturing the Rapid Kôten type fiber mat.
- c2 pressing the wet fibrous mat,
- (e) superimposing a second wet fibrous mat on the printed fibrous mat (f) stress drying the two-layer paper and annealing the ink.
- Figure 3 illustrates a flat-table paper machine 30 comprising a head box 31, a flat-bed drip wire 32 (Fourdrinier), a printing system 33 (eg extrusion, jetting, screen printing, preferably rotary screen printing). , flexography ..), a press section 34, a dryer 35, a grill 36 and a coiler 37.
- a flat-table paper machine 30 comprising a head box 31, a flat-bed drip wire 32 (Fourdrinier), a printing system 33 (eg extrusion, jetting, screen printing, preferably rotary screen printing). , flexography ..), a press section 34, a dryer 35, a grill 36 and a coiler 37.
- the fibrous mat 38 travels on the drip cloth 32. The latter allows the disappearance of the film of water from the water line 39, out of the canvas 32
- the present invention also relates to a kit for implementing the method.
- This kit is characterized in that it comprises all or part of the installation according to the invention and all or part of the inks and / or components used in the manufacture according to the invention.
- This kit which forms a packaging unit for sale, may also include an explanatory note for the implementation of the method using the installation and the inks and / or components contained in this kit.
- Example 1 circuit printed with a carbon-based ink by means of a 3D printer and encapsulated: Figures la; lb; the; ld; the & lf.
- Example 2 electronic card comprising, on the one hand, a printed circuit with a carbon-based ink by means of a screw pump with deposition nozzle, so as to form an interdigitated plane capacitor and 2 feed tracks an LED, and on the other hand, the encapsulated exogenous LED: Figures 4, 5 &6;
- Example 3 electronic card comprising, on the one hand, a printed circuit with a carbon-based ink by means of a 3D printer, so as to form a matrix of encapsulated planar capacitors: grid of 4 x 4 tracks of feeding: Figures 7,8 &9;
- FIG. 1a is a photograph showing carbon-based conductive ink deposition, using a modified Prusa 3D printer 13, on a wet fibrous mat according to step b) of the method implemented in FIG. Example 1;
- FIG. 1b is a photograph of a part of the printed circuit and encapsulated in wet paper after pressing and drying, according to steps (f1) and (f2), respectively, of the method implemented in example 1 ;
- FIG. 1a is a photograph of the printed circuit and encapsulated in wet paper after winding, produced according to the method implemented in Example 1;
- Figure 1d is an optical microscope photograph Magnification 400 of a cross-section along the section line DD of Figure 1b;
- FIG. 1a is a magnification 400 optical microscope photograph of a top view of the paper of FIG. 1b, encapsulating a printed circuit, showing abrasion stripping [step (i)] of a portion of the encapsulation, to release an electrical contact;
- FIG. 1f is a photograph of a printed circuit and encapsulated, in accordance with the method according to the invention implemented in example 1, in which the printed circuit is a rectilinear electrically conductive track of width 3 mm in length 44 mm and in thickness 0.209 mm;
- Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of installation for the preferred mode of discontinuous implementation of the method according to the invention.
- Figure 3 is a diagram showing an example of installation for a continuous mode of implementation of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram of an element of the electronic card comprising, on the one hand, a printed planar sensor formed by an interdigital capacitor and conductive tracks for powering an LED, and on the other hand an LED component implanted in this printed circuit according to Example 3;
- FIG. 5 is a curve giving the capacitance (pF) of the interdigitated capacitor of FIG. 4, as a function of time (s), before and after the contact between a human finger and the part of the paper encapsulation layer situated just at the plumb of the capacitor;
- FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the touch of a human finger above the capacitor mentioned in the legend of FIG. 5, said capacitor forming part of an electronic card comprising several elements identical to that referred to in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram of an element of the electronic card comprising a matrix of flat capacitors formed at the intersection of 4x4 parallel tracks, conductive, printed and encapsulated, according to example 4 to form a tactile keyboard;
- FIG. 8 is a curve giving the capacitance (pF) of a plane capacitor of the matrix of FIG. 7, as a function of time (s), before and after a point blast emitted by a human on the part of the layer of encapsulation in paper located just above said capacitor;
- FIG. 9 is a general photograph from above of the electronic card forming a tactile keyboard, manufactured according to example 4 of implementation of the method according to the invention.
- step (c ') Printing the wet fibrous mattress of step (c ') by conductive tracks using a volumetric dosing system (syringe type or micro-volumetric pump Moineau).
- step (b) Superposition of a wet sheet previously prepared according to step (b).
- step (b) Drying of the bilayer following the end of the ISO-5269 procedure.
- i) Exposing the contacts by point abrasion of the superficial cellulosic layer.
- a conical grinding wheel on a silicon carbide rod ie grinding wheel D 4.8 mm Dremel was used.
- FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 1 :
- EXAMPLE 2 ELECTRONIC BOARD COMPRISING CAPACITORS IMPROVED PRINTED PLANS USEFUL AS A TOUCH SENSOR
- Paper and more precisely cellulose is a dielectric, i.e. an insulator, not electrically inert: which has on the atomic scale electrostatic dipoles that interact with external electromagnetic fields.
- the magnitude that characterizes dielectrics is the electrical permittivity, which describes the polarization of the material.
- This example illustrates the operation, according to the invention, of paper as dielectric in interdigitated printed planar capacitors. More specifically, the porosity and the variation of the humidity of the paper have the effect of varying the capacitance of these capacitors.
- a 314 cm 2 (20 cm diameter) circular wet fibrous mat was made by filtration / dewatering (Rapid Kôthen method), to obtain a dryness of about 10-15% and a solids content of approx. . 60 g / m 2 .
- the fibrous mat is then pressed using a flexible roll of 3 kg (corresponding to a linear pressure of 15 kg / m).
- a commercially available conductive ink carbon base non-aqueous solvent is deposited using a direct metering system by screw pump with a deposition nozzle of 400 ⁇ of internal diameter (distance nozzle-fibrous mattress about 300 to 500 ⁇ , speed of deposit about 200 mm / min)
- each printed capacitor 1 comprises a positive comb 2 and a negative comb 3.
- Each comb is formed by a rod 4.2 & 4.3, at the end of which perpendicular, interdigital teeth 5.1 and 5.2 extend. that is, nested within each other.
- the circuit comprises parallel printed connectors 6 and 7 connected to an LED 8.
- the tracks 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2 constituting the interdigital capacitor 1 and the connectors 6.7 of the LED have a width of 1 mm and a thickness of 400 ⁇ (before drying).
- C ⁇ x S / d (1), where C is the capacity of the capacitor, ⁇ the relative dielectric constant of the separator (paper), S the section of the electrode and the distance between the electrodes;
- Capacitor 1 is sized to reach a capacity of approx. 1 pF, which determines a spacing between the teeth 5.1 & 5.2 of the capacitor 1 of 500 ⁇ and a cumulative length of interdigital electrodes of 9 cm ( Figure 4).
- the LED is positioned and a layer of wet fibrous mat (prepared according to steps a, b, c and c ') is superimposed in order to encapsulate the printed circuit boards Step (fl)
- the mattress / circuit / encapsulation layer is pressed using a flexible roll of 3 kg (corresponding to a linear pressure of 15 kg / m)
- the pressed mattress / circuit / encapsulation layer assembly is dried under stress (about 0.5 to 2 bar) at 95 ° C. for 20 minutes (Rapid Kôthen method, Franck type dryer, TAPPI T 205 reference standard).
- the interdigitated capacitor thus produced shows a variation of more than 75% of the value of its initial capacitance (ie from 15 to 35 pF, FIG. 4), at the approach of a human finger (relative permittivity of the order of 60 ). This variation in capacitance value then makes it possible to very clearly detect the approach and touch of the sensor by a human finger.
- Figure 5 shows that after touching the sensor, a time (about two seconds) is required for the evaporation / dispersion of the moisture in the fibrous structure of the paper to return to the initial state of the capacitor.
- Example 2.1 is reproduced by integrating in each set of interdigital capacitor 1 / LED 8, an external controller (Arduino MEGA 2560) allowing the supply of LED 8 when the capacity of the capacitor varies significantly (a detection threshold is fixed at about 25 pF, so as not to detect the small variations generated by external parasites).
- an external controller Arduino MEGA 2560
- the use of the LED 8 simply illustrates the activation of the sensor (see Figure 6). It is important to note that this circuit is completely integrated with the paper.
- EXAMPLE 3 ELECTRONIC CARD INCLUDING CAPACITORS PLANS PRINTED IN SANDWICH USEFUL AS SENSORS OF BREATH - KEYBOARD SENSITIVE TO THE BREATH OBTAINED FROM THIS CARD 3.1 CAPACITORS PLANS PRINTED IN SANDWICH USEFUL AS BREATH SENSORS
- this card comprising sensors sensitive to the breath, in order to create buttons so the activation is made by localized blow by means of a straw.
- This application is more particularly applicable to quadriplegic users.
- the printed capacitors in this example are matrix sandwich sensors.
- the electronic card 10 shown in FIGS. 7 and 9 comprises a printed circuit formed by 4 parallel conductive tracks 1 1, each connected at one end to an chicken MEGA 2650 12 controller for detecting variations in capacitance and by 4 parallel conductive tracks 13, perpendicular to the tracks 1 1 and may each be connected by one of their ends to one of the poles of a generator not shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
- a 314 cm 2 (20 cm diameter) circular wet fibrous mat was made by filtration (Rapid Kôthen method), to obtain a dryness of about 10-15% and a solids content of approx. 60 g / m
- the fibrous mat is then pressed using a flexible roll of 3 kg (corresponding to a linear pressure of 15 kg / m).
- the parallel tracks 11 are printed on the wet fibrous mat using a solvent-based carbon base conductive ink (non-aqueous) and a metering system.
- direct screw pump with a nozzle of 400 ⁇ internal diameter (nozzle-fibrous mattress distance about 300 to 500 ⁇ , deposition rate about 200 mm / min), The printing conditions are summarized in the following table:
- the printed tracks are covered with a layer of fibrous encapsulation overlay (prepared according to steps a, b, and c '), on the free face of which are then printed the parallel tracks 13.
- a layer of fibrous encapsulation overlay prepared according to steps a, b, c and c ', is then deposited and compacted on the parallel tracks 13.
- the tracks 11 and 13 have a width of 4 mm and a length of 100 mm.
- This matrix topography makes it possible to increase the density of the sensors while reducing the number of connections required by the controller 12 (i.e.
- the interdigital sensors require 2 connections per capacitor, ie 32 for a grid of 16 capacitors 14.
- the multilayered structure was compacted by applying a linear pressure of 15 kg / m 2 and dried under compression at 95 ° C (Rapid Kôthen method).
- the PC MEGA 2560 controller measures capacitor capacitance variations and transfers the data to a spreadsheet for viewing in Figure 8.
- the latter shows a sharp increase in capacity (from 3.8 to 6.2pF) corresponding to the moment where the user blows with the help of a straw on the key of the keyboard.
- it takes about four seconds to return to the value of the initial capacity.
- sandwich capacitors is therefore very interesting in that it allows the detection of the breath.
- a sensitive keyboard has been realized.
- the sandwich capacitors are also subject to a variation in their ability to approach a finger, which allows them to be used for producing sheets sensitive to touching. and the breath.
- the blast sensitive keyboard 10 shown in Fig. 9 is almost identical to the electronic board 10, including the paper-embedded sandwich capacitor grid (encapsulation) of Example 3.1. Numeric keys (pads), as located to the right on standard computer keyboards, have been marked on the top of the electronic board. Thus, the 16 keys correspond to the 16 capacitors 14.
- the four tracks 13 are successively powered and the output voltage of the four tracks 11 (vertical electrodes) is measured in order to evaluate the variation of the capacitance of each capacitor 14, and thus to detect the variations of humidity of the paper, generated. by the breath of the user (or the presence of a finger in contact with the paper).
- the capacitance variations in the capacitors 14 are detected by the controller 12 not shown in FIG. 9 but present in FIG. 8, showing the card of the example 4. Thresholding, making it possible to define a limit speed of variation of the the capacity of which an event is detected, of is implemented and integrated into a controller 12 which, by communicating with a computer via a USB connection will register the symbol corresponding to the key activated by the breath, as would a standard keyboard .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1759307A FR3071855B1 (fr) | 2017-10-04 | 2017-10-04 | Procede de fabrication d'un support flexible cellulosique fonctionnel, installation pour la mise en œuvre de ce procede |
| PCT/FR2018/052457 WO2019069034A1 (fr) | 2017-10-04 | 2018-10-04 | Procede de fabrication d'un support flexible cellulosique fonctionnel, installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3692208A1 true EP3692208A1 (fr) | 2020-08-12 |
Family
ID=61187397
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18793252.0A Withdrawn EP3692208A1 (fr) | 2017-10-04 | 2018-10-04 | Procede de fabrication d'un support flexible cellulosique fonctionnel, installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200305278A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3692208A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2020536390A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN111183257A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3071855B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019069034A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021095648A (ja) * | 2019-12-14 | 2021-06-24 | 鳥光 慶一 | 離隔動作識別素子とこれを有する荷重刺激のセンシングシステム、及びこれらに関連する学習済みモデルと推測システム |
| US12492512B2 (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2025-12-09 | North Carolina State University | Functional paper for electronics printing and methods of making |
| CN115305744B (zh) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-07-04 | 安徽清澜新材料科技有限公司 | 光伏台面纸用无纺布及其生产方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6042936A (en) | 1997-09-23 | 2000-03-28 | Fibermark, Inc. | Microsphere containing circuit board paper |
| US20090214790A1 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-08-27 | Stephen Simpson | Method of making an ink-printed fibrous web |
| JP2013504864A (ja) * | 2009-09-14 | 2013-02-07 | シェラー テクノチェル ゲー エム ベー ハー ウント コンパニー コマンディートゲゼルシャフト | 電子回路用支持体 |
| US20140345922A1 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2014-11-27 | Newpage Corporation | Inkjet printed electronic device |
| FR3007582B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-24 | 2015-06-26 | Inst Polytechnique Grenoble | Procede d'impression ou de depot par atomisation pour la preparation d'une electrode flexible supportee et la fabrication d'une batterie lithium-ion |
| FR3012153B1 (fr) | 2013-10-21 | 2016-03-04 | Arjo Wiggins Fine Papers Ltd | Papier destine en particulier a l'impression d'une couche electro-conductrice |
| JP6486053B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-03 | 2019-03-20 | 株式会社コムラテック | 電子回路基板の製造方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-10-04 FR FR1759307A patent/FR3071855B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-10-04 US US16/753,292 patent/US20200305278A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-10-04 CN CN201880064925.9A patent/CN111183257A/zh active Pending
- 2018-10-04 JP JP2020519240A patent/JP2020536390A/ja active Pending
- 2018-10-04 WO PCT/FR2018/052457 patent/WO2019069034A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-10-04 EP EP18793252.0A patent/EP3692208A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20200305278A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
| WO2019069034A1 (fr) | 2019-04-11 |
| JP2020536390A (ja) | 2020-12-10 |
| FR3071855A1 (fr) | 2019-04-05 |
| CN111183257A (zh) | 2020-05-19 |
| FR3071855B1 (fr) | 2021-02-19 |
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