EP3687959A1 - Keramisches bauteil - Google Patents
Keramisches bauteilInfo
- Publication number
- EP3687959A1 EP3687959A1 EP18782381.0A EP18782381A EP3687959A1 EP 3687959 A1 EP3687959 A1 EP 3687959A1 EP 18782381 A EP18782381 A EP 18782381A EP 3687959 A1 EP3687959 A1 EP 3687959A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- green body
- ceramic component
- resin
- component according
- sic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
- C04B35/573—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide obtained by reaction sintering or recrystallisation
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ceramic component containing silicon carbide and the use of the component.
- Silicon carbide ceramic is generally characterized by its high hardness, good abrasion resistance, high chemical stability, high strength even at high temperatures and good temperature resistance with low thermal expansion at high thermal conductivity.
- One way to make this ceramic is to provide a slurry of silicon carbide (SiC), carbon or a resin as a carbon source and suitable excipients, to form this slurry into a green body, to dry the green body, and to silicate the dried green body with liquid silicon.
- the carbon or carbon source is required to ensure adequate wetting of the silicon carbide used with liquid silicon. In this case, the carbon or the carbon source reacts with silicon and silicon carbide is formed.
- such a method yields a composite material which, in addition to SiC, also contains free silicon and very little unreacted carbon, so-called free carbon.
- a composite is typically referred to as a Si / SiC composite.
- the terms "free silicon” and “free carbon” are understood to mean the elements in their pure form which are not chemically bonded, or only with themselves.
- the silicon carbide and the free carbon are inert components.
- free silicon is chemically and thermally the least stable component and attacks of, for example, flux acids or hot alkalis such as hot NaOH or hot KOH - im
- the use temperature of the Si / SiC composite material is restricted to a temperature lower than the melting temperature of silicon which is 1414 ° C.
- the free carbon in such a composite material can basically be attacked by oxidizing media, but is the Carbon encapsulated by liquid silicification with a SiC shell and thereby protected.
- Components made of silicon carbide ceramic which have a complex, geometric structure, can not be produced by simple mechanical processing due to the high hardness of the ceramic. Such components can by means of an additive
- Manufacturing process such as laser sintering or the 3D printing process
- Binderjetting method are produced.
- the laser sintering process makes it possible to produce complex, geometric structures, the process speeds are very slow compared to the SD printing process. This slower process speed results in higher production costs.
- the laser sintering process is more complicated than the 3D printing process. Since, in the case of the laser sintering process, a higher heat input also takes place, a more inhomogeneous temperature field is present here than in the 3D printing process, which can lead to a distortion in the silicon carbide ceramic component.
- the sintering process can lead to high shrinkage due to sintering. This makes support structures necessary, which makes this process more expensive by the post-processing. Nearly none of the green bodies produced by the Binderjetting process
- a further disadvantage of laser sintering is that if mixtures of binder solids in powder form are used to produce the green bodies, these mixtures generally have the risk of segregation. This risk of segregation can not occur during binder jetting, whereby a better homogeneity in the produced green body is achieved.
- the chemical stability especially against acids or hot alkalis, such as, for example, hydrofluoric acid or hot NaOH liquor, and the temperature resistance of the ceramic composite materials containing silicon carbide are lowered ,
- the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a homogeneous, ceramic component containing silicon carbide, which in addition to a high hardness, a high strength, a good abrasion resistance, also has a high chemical stability and a good temperature resistance.
- this component should be able to be produced in virtually unlimited geometrical complexity quickly, easily and inexpensively.
- this object is achieved by providing a ceramic component containing silicon carbide (SiC) obtainable by a process comprising the following steps:
- Silicon According to the invention, it has been recognized that when impregnating the green body based on silicon carbide, an above solution or resin system comprising at least one resin, at least one solvent and at least one curing agent is used, wherein the at least one resin and the at least one solvent are different upon carbonization the dried or cured green body from the cured, fine-pored, foam-like solution or the spongy, fine-pored resin system, a fine-pored, foam-like or sponge-like carbon skeleton is formed.
- spongy carbon skeleton is used below, this term also stands for a foam-like carbon skeleton.
- the green body based on silicon carbide in step a) is produced by means of an SD printing process.
- SiC powder having a grain size (d50) between 50 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, preferably between 60 ⁇ m and 350 ⁇ m, more preferably between 70 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 75 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m, and a liquid binder are provided.
- This is followed by a planar deposition of a layer of the powder, followed by local deposition of droplets of the liquid binder on this layer.
- steps are repeated until the desired shape of the component is produced, wherein the steps are adapted to the desired shape of the component in the individual steps.
- the term "d50” is understood to mean that 50% of the particles are smaller than the stated value
- the d50 value was determined with the aid of the laser granulometric method (ISO 13320) using a measuring device from Sympatec GmbH with associated evaluation software. The following is to be understood as obtaining a green body having the desired shape of the component.
- the green body is still surrounded by a powder bed of loose particles of the powdered composition. The green body must therefore be removed from the powder bed or separated from the loose, non-solidified particles.
- unpacking of the printed component, which can be followed by a (fine) cleaning of the green body, in order to remove any adhering particle residues however, the type of unpacking is not particularly limited, and any known methods can be used.
- the silicon carbide with a liquid activator such as a liquid sulfuric acid activator
- a liquid activator such as a liquid sulfuric acid activator
- the amount of activator is 0.05 wt .-% to 0.2 wt .-% based on the total weight of SiC and activator. If more than 0.2% by weight, based on the total weight of activator and SiC, is used, the powdered composition sticks together and the flowability is reduced; be less than 0.05 wt .-% based on the total weight of SiC and
- Activator used the amount of activator which can react with the binder, more specifically, the resin component of the binder, too small to achieve the desired advantages above.
- Suitable binders are, for example, phenolic resins, furan resins, polyimides, cellulose, starch, sugars, silicates, silicon-containing polymers, water glass, pitch, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or any mixtures thereof. Also solutions of mentioned binders are included herein. Basically, the binders should be such that after carbonation stable bodies can be obtained which survive handling when transferring to the siloing apparatus as well as the temperature used in the silicization. The binder should either have a sufficiently high carbon yield or an Si-containing inorganic yield when using Si-organic binders after pyrolysis.
- thermoplastic binders such as pitch
- PAN The same applies to PAN.
- the powder bed without binder additive acts as a support of the component, while the thermoplastic binder is carbonized as pitch or PAN.
- the powder bed advantageously acts as oxidation protection for the printed green body during the subsequent carbonization treatment.
- the binder phenolic resins, furan resins or polyimides are resins and polymers with a comparatively high carbon yield. They belong to the class of binders which are converted by curing into a non-fusible binder system and largely converted into SiC during siliciding. Due to their high carbon yield, most of the carbon is not converted to SiC during siliconization, resulting in carbon inclusions, resulting in an overall lighter component. Furthermore, the high carbon yield means that the content of free silicon in the component is correspondingly lower, resulting in improved chemical stability and higher temperature resistance.
- cellulose, starch or sugar preferably in the present case as solution
- binder can also be used as binder.
- These binders only need to be dried, which is inexpensive, and the carbon residue resulting from the carbonation transforms ideally, that is, substantially completely, into SiC during the silicization.
- silicates, water glass or silicon-containing polymers as a binder, preferably present as a solution, has the advantage that these binders also need only be cured. They form SiC when carbonated. Furthermore, wetting with liquid Si is better than with carbon, which facilitates the step of siliciding.
- the fraction of the binder in the green body is preferably 1, 0 to 35.0% by weight, preferably 1.0 to 10.0% by weight and most preferably 1.5 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the green body.
- the B 4 C used is used in the form of a powder which preferably has a particle size (d 50) between 50 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, preferably between 60 ⁇ m and 350 ⁇ m, more preferably between 70 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 75 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ , has.
- the laser granulometric method ISO 13320 was also used here, whereby a measuring device of the company Sympatec GmbH with associated evaluation software was used.
- the use of B 4 C powder in the production of the green body increases the hardness of the ceramic component produced therewith and reduces the weight of this component.
- the above 3D printing method described for silicon carbide may be used, using a mixture of SiC and B 4 C instead of the SiC for the laydown step.
- the impregnation of the green body according to step b) is carried out with a solution or a resin system.
- the solution may be a sugar solution, preferably a monosaccharide, a polysaccharide or a mannitol solution, a starch solution or a cellulose solution.
- a resin system for impregnating the green body in step b) it is preferable to use as the resin a phenol resin, a furan resin or any mixture of a phenolic resin with a furan resin.
- the at least one solvent is preferably selected from the group consisting of water, a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol, a mixture of at least two of the abovementioned alcohols, a mixture of water with at least one mono- and / or polyhydric alcohol or naphthalene.
- monohydric alcohols for example, methanol, ethanol, propanols (n-propanol, iso-propanol) or butanols, e.g. n-butanol or sec-butanol, preferably ethanol
- polyhydric alcohols for example, the dihydric alcohol glycol or the trihydric alcohol glycerol can be used.
- the solvent in the curing step is entrapped in the resin system in the form of fine droplets of homogeneous size, and then escapes in the carbonation step, forming empty, ie unfilled, pores which provide a kind of sponge structure within the pores of the green body. Consequently, the pores also have a homogeneous size, which is advantageous in terms of the later homogeneous conversion of the amorphous carbon into silicon carbide.
- the hardened resin system produces a fine-pored, sponge-like carbon skeleton.
- the pores of the spongy Kohlenstoffger scaffold preferably have a mean pore size of less than 50 ⁇ , more preferably less than 20 ⁇ , more preferably less than 10 ⁇ and most preferably less than 5 ⁇ on.
- the mean pore size can be determined, for example, by quantitative microstructural analysis by light microscopy or by scanning electron microscopy.
- Carbon skeleton is larger, the smaller the average pore size. Since the carbon of said carbon skeleton reacts rapidly with the liquid silicon, this carbon can be largely converted to silicon carbide. At the same time, the spongy structure of the original pores of the
- Green body largely filled, which are significantly reduced in the subsequent silicon infiltration lakes or areas of free silicon.
- the resin system which is used for impregnating the green body according to step b) preferably comprises as hardener an inorganic or organic acid, preferably an acid selected from the group consisting of dilute sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, boric acid, oxalic acid, maleic anhydride, citric acid. acid, malic acid, benzenesulfonic acids or phenolsulfonic acids, more preferably
- the at least one solvent is replaced by at least one propellant.
- the at least one blowing agent is selected from the group consisting of halogenated hydrocarbons, preferably trichlorotrifluoroethane, pentanes, preferably, n-pentane, isopentane and cyclo-pentane, or stannous chloride.
- the resin system for impregnating the green body according to step b) may also comprise a mixture of one of the above-mentioned hardeners and one of the said blowing agents.
- at least one resin may be a two-component resin, preferably a polyurethane or an isocyanate resin.
- the hardening of the impregnated green body in step c) can be carried out at room temperature or using a temperature which is lower than the boiling temperature of the solvent or solvent mixture used, preferably the curing takes place at room temperature. Curing at room temperature is preferred since no application of temperature is necessary, which is a less expensive process step. This curing at room temperature is made possible because the resin system comprises a hardener. Furthermore, the
- carbonizing is understood to mean the thermal conversion of the resin system containing the green body to carbon
- the carbonization can be carried out by heating to temperatures in the range of 500 ° C.-1100 ° C., preferably 800 ° C up to 1000 ° C., under a protective gas atmosphere (eg under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere) with subsequent holding time
- a protective gas atmosphere eg under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere
- the siliconizing of the carbonized green body with liquid silicon in accordance with step e) can in principle take place under a protective gas atmosphere (eg Ar or He), in overpressure, normal pressure or in vacuo, preferably under reduced pressure.
- a protective gas atmosphere eg Ar or He
- overpressure normal pressure or in vacuo, preferably under reduced pressure.
- the liquid silicon by itself, purely by means of capillary forces, can infiltrate the carbonized green body.
- the present carbonized green bodies have exactly this desired property, ie that by means of the 3D printing process, the pore system of the carbonized green body can be designed such that without additional pressurization of the green body is completely infiltrated by capillary forces completely and virtually non-porous with silicon.
- the liquid silicon designated in this context also comprises silicon alloys with a silicon content of at least 50% by weight in the context of the present invention. Preferably, however, pure silicon is used.
- the siliciding, the green body to be silicided is preferably on wicks, which protrude from a bath of the silicon melt.
- the wicks like the green body itself, are able to guide the liquid silicon through its porous structure by means of capillary forces.
- the green body itself does not dip into the silicon bath but is located above it. After complete silicization and cooling to room temperature, the wick is connected to the component by the solidified silicon and must therefore be removed mechanically.
- the wicks are preferably already provided as part of the green body, ie they are "printed" onto the green body by means of 3D printing during the production of the green body, thus allowing the green body, with the wicks downwards simply place in the container provided for the silicon bath After completion of the siliconization and cooling, the wicks are removed mechanically as before.
- the steps d) and e), ie the carbonization and the subsequent siliciding of the cured, impregnated green body take place virtually in a single process step, since during the siliconization the green body already carbonizes on heating the silicization temperature - so to speak in situ - with.
- the steps of impregnating according to step b), drying or hardening according to step c) and carbonating according to step d) may be repeated at least once in said order, before the siliciding according to step e) is performed.
- the first impregnation is carried out with a resin system and the second impregnation with a sugar, starch or cellulose solution.
- the first impregnation step produces a fine-pored, sponge-like carbon skeleton after carbonization, which, however, does not completely fill the pores between the SiC grains, as shrinkage occurs during carbonization of the resin sponge.
- a sugar, starch or cellulose solution which forms a foam-like carbon skeleton during the carbonization, the remaining pore spaces between the SiC grains are almost completely filled. This further increases the proportion of carbon which is converted into SiC during the subsequent siliconization and thus reduces the proportion of free silicon in the ceramic component.
- the density of the ceramic component is increased by this second impregnation step.
- the lower content of free silicon increases the chemical resistance and the temperature resistance of the ceramic component, and the higher content of silicon carbide increases the hardness, rigidity and strength of the ceramic component.
- the accessible surface of the carbon skeleton which is formed from the cured resin system, greatly increased, which ensures that the liquid silicon according to step e) can fill these pores for the most part completely. Since the carbon of said carbon skeleton with reacts quickly to the liquid silicon, this carbon can be largely converted into silicon carbide.
- Another aspect of this invention relates to the method for producing a ceramic component containing silicon carbide (SiC) as described in the application.
- the ceramic component according to the invention which is based on a green body, in whose production no B 4 C powder, but exclusively SiC powder, was used, contains 70 to 95 wt .-%, preferably 72 to 90 wt .-%, SiC, From 2 to 27% by weight, preferably 9 to 27 wt .-%, free silicon and less than 3 wt .-%, preferably less than 1 wt .-%, of free carbon.
- the proportion of free silicon, free carbon and silicon carbide in the ceramic components was determined according to DIN EN ISO 021068-2. The lower the proportion of free silicon, the higher the chemical stability and temperature resistance of the ceramic component. The proportion of free carbon plays a role in the oxidation resistance and stability of the ceramic component.
- the ceramic component according to the invention which is based on a green body in whose preparation no B 4 C powder was used, preferably has a density of more than 2.85 g / cm 3 , more preferably more than 3.00 g / cm 3 , The density is determined here by means of the Archimedes method according to DIN 51918.
- the ceramic component according to the invention which is based on a green body in whose preparation no B 4 C powder was used, furthermore preferably has a universal hardness of at least 8000 MPa, more preferably at least 8500 MPa, particularly preferably at least 9500 MPa, most preferably from at least 10,000 MPa.
- this component is also extremely stable in terms of wear or impact and has bullet-breaking properties in ballistic protection applications.
- the universal hardness was determined according to DIN 50359-1.
- the ceramic component according to the invention which is based on a green body in whose preparation no B 4 C powder was used, moreover preferably has a strength of at least 80 MPa, more preferably of at least 100 MPa, especially preferably at least 120MPa, on. Thus, this component is also sufficiently stable with respect to the mechanical stress.
- the strength was determined according to the 3-point bending method according to DIN 51902.
- the ceramic component according to the invention which is based on a green body, in the production of which no B 4 C powder was used, furthermore has a thermal conductivity of at least 80 W / mK, preferably of at least 100 W / mK. The thermal conductivity was determined according to DIN 51908.
- the ceramic component according to the invention which is based on a green body in whose preparation no B 4 C powder was used, has an open porosity of the component of at most 1, 0%, preferably of at most 0.5%, more preferably of at most 0.1 % on.
- the open porosity was determined by the Archimedes method according to DIN 51918.
- the three-dimensional ceramic component according to the invention irrespective of whether B 4 C powder was used or not in the green body on which the component is based, is distinguished by its electrical conductivity, its high chemical and mechanical stability and hardness and its abrasion resistance .
- Another aspect of the present invention is therefore the use of the inventive three-dimensional ceramic component as an impeller and separating or rotary valve in pumps and compressors, as pump housings, especially in the chemical industry, as internals in columns, as static mixer elements, as turbulators, as Burner nozzles, as burner inserts, as a lining of burner walls, as electrical contact, as electrical heating elements and support frames in high-temperature furnaces (especially because of the good thermal shock resistance) and as reformerlaufrad or reformerrad for mills for sifting mixtures of particles of different grain size.
- this ceramic component according to the invention is characterized by good thermal conductivity and high chemical stability, high temperature resistance and high thermal shock resistance. Yet another aspect of the present invention is therefore the use of the ceramic component according to the invention as a heat exchanger, as an element for heat exchangers, as a hot press tool or as a heat sink in electronics, as a cooling housing for light-emitting diodes or cameras.
- the high rigidity, the low thermal expansion and the good thermal conductivity makes the ceramic component according to the invention also particularly suitable for high-precision gauges, such as e.g. Thread gauges or precise optical structures as they are used in optics.
- this ceramic component according to the invention is characterized by its high mechanical hardness and abrasion resistance.
- This makes it particularly suitable for use as a mechanically stressed component such as a slider in bearings or hinges comprising plain bearings and mechanical seals, a cam in gears, a gear, a sliding plate and a flexible tube, a piston and a piston sleeve, or machining tools in the form of milling cutters, drills, drill bits or indexable inserts.
- Another aspect of the present invention is therefore the use of the ceramic component according to the invention as a mechanically stressed component comprising the above mechanically stressed components.
- the ceramic component according to the invention also has a high abrasion resistance, it is suitable as a friction element for clutches and brakes.
- Another aspect of the present invention is therefore also the use of the ceramic component according to the invention as a friction element for clutches and
- the ceramic component according to the invention also has a high universal hardness and is therefore suitable for ballistic applications, preferably in the form of helmets, body armor or complex shaped protective structures, such as for sensors, or for the protection of civil and military vehicles.
- Another aspect of the present invention is therefore also the use of the ceramic component according to the invention in ballistic applications, in particular in the form of said applications.
- the above-mentioned uses also relate to ceramic components containing silicon carbide, which have been produced by the method described in the application.
- Figure 1 shows a micrograph of a ceramic component based on SiC, wherein the
- Green body impregnated with furan resin, cured, carbonized and siliconized.
- FIG. 2 shows a micrograph of a ceramic component based on SiC, which has been impregnated twice with a mixture of Norsophen 1203 (a phenolic resin), water and para-toluenesulfonic acid, cured, carbonized and then siliconized.
- Norsophen 1203 a phenolic resin
- Norsophen 1203 a phenolic resin
- para-toluenesulfonic acid cured, carbonized and then siliconized.
- FIG. 1 shows the micrograph of a ceramic component based on SiC, the green body of which has been produced by means of the 3D printing method.
- This green body was once impregnated with furan resin (10 parts of furfuryl alcohol, 1 part of maleic anhydride), cured, carbonized and silicated.
- furan resin 10 parts of furfuryl alcohol, 1 part of maleic anhydride
- the maleic anhydride acts as a hardener.
- the resin was cured at 160 ° C. As can be seen from the micrograph, large lakes or areas of free silicon are present.
- the large free silicon regions may be filled with silicon carbide when the green body comprises a resin system comprising a mixture containing a resole resin (phenolic resin) having the trade name Norsophen 1203, water as a solvent (and lowering the viscosity) and para-toluenesulfone - Acid (dissolved in water) impregnated as a hardener, cured and carbonated.
- a resin system comprising a mixture containing a resole resin (phenolic resin) having the trade name Norsophen 1203, water as a solvent (and lowering the viscosity) and para-toluenesulfone - Acid (dissolved in water) impregnated as a hardener, cured and carbonated.
- the webs between the pores of the sponge-like carbon skeleton are converted to silicon carbide after siliconization.
- there are no large lakes or areas of free silicon but these lakes or areas are filled with Siliziumkarbidgetrucken, so that in many cases only wires made of free
- a silicon carbide with a grain size of F80 (grit according to FEPA standard) was used. This was first added with 0.1 wt .-% of a sulfuric acid liquid activator for phenolic resin, based on the total weight of silicon carbide and activator, and processed with a 3D-printing powder bed machine.
- Rackel unit placed on a flat powder bed a thin silicon carbide powder layer (about 0.3 mm in height) and a kind of ink jet printing unit printed an alcoholic phenolic resin solution according to the desired component geometry on the silicon carbide powder bed.
- the printing table became the layer thickness lowered and re-applied a layer of silicon carbide and phenol resin was printed locally again.
- cuboidal test specimens having, for example, the dimensions 120 mm (length) x 20 mm (width) x 20 mm (height) were constructed by the repeated procedure.
- the powder bed was placed in an oven preheated to 140 ° C. and kept there for about 6 hours, during which the phenolic resin had completely hardened and formed a dimensionally stable green body. The excess silicon carbide powder was then removed by suction after cooling and the green body is taken from Inventive Example 1
- the green body based on silicon carbide produced by a 3D printing method was subjected to vacuum impregnation with a mixture containing a resole resin (phenolic resin) having the trade name Norsophen 1203, 14% by weight of water as a solvent and para-toluenesulfonic acid (50% by weight) Solution in
- the hardener content in this mixture was 3.0% by weight.
- the content of hardener in the above mixture is not greater than 10.0 wt.%, More preferably the content of hardener is between 1.0 and 6.0 wt.%, More preferably between 2.0 and 5.0 Wt .-%, in the above mixture.
- the content of the hardener in this mixture is more than 10.0% by weight, the formation of a fine-pored, sponge-like carbon skeleton does not occur in the carbonization of the cured resin system, and the pot life of the resin system for the impregnation treatment is too short.
- the content of the hardener in the above mixture is significantly less than 1.0% by weight, sufficient formation of a fine-pored sponge-like carbon skeleton does not occur, and the curing time becomes too long.
- the content of the hardener in the above mixture is between 2.0 and 5.0% by weight, the content of the binder is good, and a fine-pored spongy carbon skeleton of the cured resin system after carbonization is formed.
- the pot life of the resin is within a practicable range. After this impregnation, curing took place at room temperature for at least 12 hours before the hardened green body was carbonized at 900 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the SiC green bodies were prepared as in Example 1 according to the invention via 3 D pressure and impregnated as in the BeispieH invention once with the resin system, cured and carbonized. Following carbonation, the resin system was again impregnated before curing at room temperature. After carbonization under protective gas at 900 ° C, the silicization was carried out as described in Example 1 of the invention.
- the resulting ceramic component had a free carbon content of ⁇ 1, 0 wt .-%, a content of free silicon of 15 wt .-% and a content of silicon carbide of 84 wt .-% to.
- the density was determined by the Archimedes method according to DIN 51918. Densities of the obtained ceramic component of 3.05 g / cm 3 and porosities of ⁇ 0.1% were determined.
- the green body based on silicon carbide produced by means of a 3D printing process was subjected to dip impregnation with a phenolic resin. After the step-like hardening of the impregnated body using a temperature of up to 160 ° C., the body was carbonized and siliconized analogously to the examples according to the invention.
- the obtained ceramic component had a content of free
- the density of the obtained ceramic component was 2.80 g / cm 3 and was determined by the Archimedes method according to DIN 51918.
- Table 1 below shows the properties of the ceramic components produced from 3 D printed silicon carbide according to the non-inventive and inventive examples. The values listed here are averages.
- Inventive 180 360 170 1 1000 Example 2
- the strength was determined according to the 3-point bending method according to DIN EN 843-1.
- the stiffness was determined by means of the ultrasonic method according to DIN EN 843-2.
- the determination of the thermal conductivity at room temperature was carried out according to DIN 51908.
- the universal hardness was determined according to DIN 50359-1.
- the strength and the rigidity (E modulus) are higher in the case of the ceramic components according to the invention than in the case of the ceramic component according to the prior art. Due to the higher SiC content of 75 wt .-% of the component according to Example 1 of the invention over a SiC content of 70 wt .-% according to the example not according to the invention is a clear
- Example 1 Increase in the hardness of the ceramic component according to the invention (Inventive Example 1) of 9000 MPa compared to the ceramic component according to the non-inventive component of 7500 MPa has been measured.
- An additional second impregnation as described in Example 2 according to the invention increases again the strengths and stiffnesses and the hardness due to the silicon carbide fraction, which is even higher than that of Inventive Example 1 (see Table 1).
- the lower proportion of free silicon in Examples 1 and 2 (Example 1: 24% by weight; Example 2: 15% by weight) of the ceramic component according to the invention is the temperature resistance and the chemical resistance of the component in comparison with components according to FIG Increase state of the art.
- the increasing SiC content of the ceramic components in Examples 1 (75% by weight) and 2 (84% by weight) according to the invention additionally leads to increasing thermal heat conductivities compared with the example not according to the invention (see Table 1).
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| DE102017217321.1A DE102017217321A1 (de) | 2017-09-28 | 2017-09-28 | Keramisches Bauteil |
| PCT/EP2018/076547 WO2019063833A1 (de) | 2017-09-28 | 2018-09-28 | Keramisches bauteil |
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| EP3687959A1 true EP3687959A1 (de) | 2020-08-05 |
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| EP (1) | EP3687959A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN111132953A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102017217321A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019063833A1 (de) |
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| DE102018208427B4 (de) * | 2018-05-28 | 2022-03-17 | Brembo Sgl Carbon Ceramic Brakes Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils, das Bauteil selber und dessen Verwendung |
| US11364654B2 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2022-06-21 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Indirect additive manufacturing process for producing SiC—B4C—Si composites |
| RU2735471C1 (ru) * | 2019-09-25 | 2020-11-02 | Акционерное общество «Обнинское научно-производственное предприятие «Технология» им. А.Г.Ромашина» | Способ получения изделий сложной формы на основе реакционносвязанного карбида кремния |
| CN111018537A (zh) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-17 | 华中科技大学 | 3D打印制备碳纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料的方法 |
| DE102020206245A1 (de) | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-18 | Sgl Carbon Se | Vorrichtung zur Hochtemperaturbehandlung |
| CN114102853A (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种基于三维开孔泡沫陶瓷材料的静态混合装置及其应用 |
| CN112266262A (zh) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-01-26 | 兰州理工大学 | 一种新型C/C-SiC复合材料及其制备方法 |
| CN112299867A (zh) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-02 | 深圳市晖耀电子有限公司 | 一种酚醛树脂-硅粉浆料及其制备方法 |
| CN112321315B (zh) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-08-09 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 一种碳/碳化硅-碳化锆陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法 |
| CN112876250B (zh) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-12-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种pdc钻头模具及其制备方法 |
| DE112021007519A5 (de) * | 2021-04-16 | 2024-04-04 | Schunk Ingenieurkeramik Gmbh | Verbundformkörper aus einer reaktionsgebundenen, mit Silizium infiltrierten Mischkeramik |
| CN114956831B (zh) * | 2021-09-15 | 2023-08-11 | 宁波伏尔肯科技股份有限公司 | 一种反应烧结碳化硅陶瓷及制备方法 |
| CN114276143A (zh) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-05 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种基于3D打印SiC-SiO2陶瓷生坯的两步烧结方法 |
| CN114474707A (zh) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-13 | 北京京城增材科技有限公司 | 一种制作渗铝用碳化硅基体的方法 |
| CN114920565B (zh) * | 2022-03-29 | 2023-05-02 | 南通三责精密陶瓷有限公司 | 一种粘结剂喷射打印碳化硅陶瓷复合材料的制造方法 |
| CN115286394A (zh) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-04 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种粘结剂喷射打印碳化硅陶瓷材料的制备方法 |
| CN120603798A (zh) * | 2022-12-20 | 2025-09-05 | 申克碳化技术股份有限公司 | 用于制造成形的si-sic制品的方法、成形制品和用途 |
| CN116409997A (zh) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-07-11 | 潍坊华美智能科技有限公司 | 一种碳化硅复相陶瓷及其制备方法 |
| CN120882676A (zh) | 2023-03-15 | 2025-10-31 | 陶瓷技术有限责任公司 | 通过连接至少两个陶瓷sic预成型体来获得至少一个陶瓷组件的方法和通过所述方法获得的陶瓷组件 |
| CN116589281A (zh) * | 2023-05-18 | 2023-08-15 | 潍坊华美智能科技有限公司 | 碳化硅复合材料构件及其制备工艺方法 |
| CN116947499B (zh) * | 2023-07-28 | 2024-04-12 | 嘉庚(江苏)特材有限责任公司 | 一种碳化硅陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN117658641B (zh) * | 2023-11-24 | 2024-08-13 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种基于选区激光3D打印和两步烧结制备高致密SiC陶瓷的方法 |
| WO2025242297A1 (de) * | 2024-05-22 | 2025-11-27 | Schunk Kohlenstofftechnik Gmbh | Hochtemperaturbauteil und verfahren zur herstellung |
| EP4667440A1 (de) | 2024-06-17 | 2025-12-24 | CeramTec GmbH | 3d-druckverfahren zur bereitstellung einer sic-keramikvorform mit sic-partikeln mit einer spezifischen rundheit |
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- 2018-09-28 CN CN201880062589.4A patent/CN111132953A/zh active Pending
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- 2018-09-28 US US16/650,116 patent/US11878944B2/en active Active
- 2018-09-28 EP EP18782381.0A patent/EP3687959A1/de active Pending
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| WO2017089494A1 (de) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-06-01 | Sgl Carbon Se | 3d drucken von einem keramischen bauteil |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN111132953A (zh) | 2020-05-08 |
| WO2019063833A1 (de) | 2019-04-04 |
| DE102017217321A1 (de) | 2019-03-28 |
| US11878944B2 (en) | 2024-01-23 |
| US20200308063A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
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