EP3684957B1 - Martensitischer stahl mit z-phase, pulver und bauteil - Google Patents

Martensitischer stahl mit z-phase, pulver und bauteil Download PDF

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EP3684957B1
EP3684957B1 EP18759887.5A EP18759887A EP3684957B1 EP 3684957 B1 EP3684957 B1 EP 3684957B1 EP 18759887 A EP18759887 A EP 18759887A EP 3684957 B1 EP3684957 B1 EP 3684957B1
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alloy
weight
component according
phase
powder
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EP3684957A1 (de
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Torsten Neddemeyer
Torsten-Ulf Kern
Karsten Kolk
Axel Bublitz
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/009—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine components other than turbine blades
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
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    • C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a martensitic steel with a Z phase and a component thereof.
  • forged rotor disks In correlation with the application conditions, forged rotor disks have so far been made from different forged steels.
  • a steel based on NiCrMoV is used for compressor disks and a steel based on CrMoWVNbN is used for the turbine disks.
  • the application conditions and design requirements are decisive for the choice of forging material.
  • the material with the highest operating temperature is currently a steel based on CrMoWVNbN and a steel based on CrMoCoVB. Both materials are not suitable for use above 773K or 823K in the 800-900MPa strength class.
  • Nickel materials are currently being discussed for higher operating temperatures. Nevertheless, current research suggests that iron alloys can be used up to 873K.
  • the alloy according to the invention has at least in% by weight: Carbon (C): 0.15% - 0.25%, preferably 0.19% - 0.21%, Silicon (Si): 0.0% - 0.08%, preferably 0.0% - 0.06%, Manganese (Mn): 0.03% - 0.20%, preferably 0.05% - 0.15%, Chromium (Cr): 9.5% - 10.5%, preferably 9.8% - 10.2%, Molybdenum (Mo): 0.4% - 1.0%, preferably 0.6% - 0.8%, Tungsten (W): 1.6% - 2.4%, preferably 1.9% - 2.1%, Cobalt (Co): 2.5% - 3.5%, preferably 2.8% - 3.2%, Nickel (Ni): 0.0% - 0.40%, preferably 0.0% - 0.20%, Boron (B): 0.003% - 0.02%, preferably 0.006% - 0.01%, Nitrogen (N): 0.0% - 0.40%, preferably 0.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)

Description

  • Die Erfindung betrifft einen martensitischen Stahl mit Z-Phase und ein Bauteil daraus.
  • In Korrelation zu Anwendungsbedingungen werden geschmiedete Rotorscheiben bisher aus verschiedenen Schmiedestählen hergestellt. So wird ein Stahl auf der Basis NiCrMoV für Verdichterscheiben sowie ein Stahl auf der Basis CrMoWVNbN für die Turbinenscheiben verwendet. Ausschlaggebend für die Wahl des Schmiedematerials sind die Anwendungsbedingungen und die Designanforderungen.
  • Für die Auswahl des Schmiedewerkstoffes gilt es immer ein Gleichgewicht aus Festigkeit und Zähigkeit zu gewährleiten, um die Designanforderungen einzuhalten.
  • Die Veröffentlichung, H. K. Danielsen und J. Hald (2006), Behaviour of Z phase in 9-12 % Steels, Eneregy Materials, 1:1, Seiten 49-57, untersucht das Verhaltens von 9-12%igen Cr-Stählen, um die Faktoren der Zusammensetzung und des Mikrogefüges zu klären, die die Ausscheidung der Z-Phase in diesen Legierungen steuern.
  • Der Werkstoff mit der höchsten Einsatztemperatur ist aktuell ein Stahl auf der Basis CrMoWVNbN sowie ein Stahl auf der Basis CrMoCoVB. Beide Werkstoffe sind in der 800-900MPa Festigkeitsklasse für einen Einsatz oberhalb 773K bzw. 823K nicht geeignet.
  • Für höhere Einsatztemperaturen sind aktuell Nickelwerkstoffe in Diskussion. Nichtsdestotrotz deuten aktuelle Untersuchungen darauf hin, dass Eisenlegierungen bis 873K genutzt werden können.
  • Leider haben die Bauteile folgende Nachteile, weshalb der Einsatz abzuwägen ist:
    • sehr hohe Kosten im Vergleich zur Scheibe aus Stahl,
    • neue Bruchmechanikkonzepte müssen entwickelt werden,
    • längere Bearbeitungszeiten in der Fertigung.
  • Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung oben genanntes Problem zu lösen.
  • Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Legierung gemäß Anspruch 1 und ein Bauteil Anspruch 2.
  • In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahmen aufgelistet, die beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden können, um weitere Vorteile zu erzielen.
  • Durch die Bildung der Z-Phase innerhalb des Nutzungszeitraums des Bauteils wurde die Legierungszusammensetzung martensitischer Stähle bisher begrenzt.
  • Die erfindungsgemäße Legierung weist zumindest auf in Gew-%:
    Kohlenstoff (C): 0,15% - 0,25%, vorzugsweise 0,19% - 0,21%,
    Silizium (Si): 0,0% - 0,08%, vorzugsweise 0,0% - 0,06%,
    Mangan (Mn): 0,03% - 0,20%, vorzugsweise 0,05% - 0,15%,
    Chrom (Cr): 9,5% - 10,5%, vorzugsweise 9,8% - 10,2%,
    Molybdän (Mo): 0,4% - 1,0%, vorzugsweise 0,6% - 0,8%,
    Wolfram (W): 1,6% - 2,4%, vorzugsweise 1,9% - 2,1%,
    Kobalt (Co): 2,5% - 3,5%, vorzugsweise 2,8% - 3,2%,
    Nickel (Ni): 0,0% - 0,40%, vorzugsweise 0,0% - 0,20%,
    Bor (B): 0,003% - 0,02%, vorzugsweise 0,006% - 0,01%,
    Stickstoff (N): 0,0% - 0,40%, vorzugsweise 0,0% - 0,20%,
    Titan (Ti): 0,02% - 0,10%, vorzugsweise 0,04% - 0,08%,
    Vanadium (V): 0,10% - 0,30%, vorzugsweise 0,15% - 0,25%,
    Niob (Nb): 0,02% - 0,08%, vorzugsweise 0,04% - 0,06%,
    Kupfer (Cu): 1,20% - 2,10%, vorzugsweise 1,65% - 1,85%,
    Aluminium (Al): 0,003% - 0,06%, insbesondere 0,005% - 0,04%,
    Rest Eisen (Fe).
  • Durch neue Konzepte kann die Grenze verschoben werden:
    1. a) Verschiebung der Bildung der Z-Phase in Richtung 200.000h,
    2. b) Bildung der Z-Phase vor Beginn des Nutzungszeitraums des späteren GT-Schmiedebauteils.
  • In Folge dessen ändern sich die mechanischen Eigenschaften über den Nutzungszeitraum durch die Ausbildung der Z-Phase nicht mehr. Stattdessen sind die Kennwerte durch die Ausbildung der Z-Phase sehr viel konstanter. Eine Auslegung der Bauteile ist möglich.
  • Ein vorteilhaftes Ausführungsbeispiel lautet in Gew.-%:
    • Kohlenstoff (C): 0,20%,
    • Silizium (Si): 0,06%,
    • Mangan (Mn): 0,10%,
    • Chrom (Cr): 10%,
    • Molybdän (Mo): 0,7%,
    • Wolfram (W): 2,0%,
    • Kobalt (Co): 3,0%,
    • Nickel (Ni): 0,0%,
    • Bor (B): 0,010%,
    • Stickstoff (N): 0,0%,
    • Titan (Ti): 0,05%,
    • Vanadium (V): 0,20%,
    • Niob (Nb): 0,05%,
    • Kupfer (Cu): 1,75%,
    • Aluminium (Al): 0,02%,
    • Rest Eisen (Fe).
  • Neben der Anwendung als Schmiedescheibe in der Gasturbine sind weitere Anwendungen denkbar, wie z.B. Gasturbinenverdichterschaufeln, Dampfturbinenschaufel oder als Dampfturbinenschmiedeteil.
  • Die Vorteile sind:
    • Erweiterung des Einsatzbereiches "preiswerter" Eisenbasislegierungen im Vergleich zu "teuren Nickelbasiswerkstoffen",
    • schnellere Bearbeitbarkeit der Rotorbauteile auf Eisenbasis (9% - 11% Cr) im Vergleich zu Nickelbasiswerkstoffen,
    • Erfahrungen aus der Konstruktion, Fertigung und Herstellung der hochlegierten Eisenbasislegierungen können größtenteils übernommen werden; Das hilft z.B. bei allen probabilistischen Ansätzen (z.B. Bruchmechanik => minimiertes Risiko),
    • Anwendungstemperatur kann erhöht werden und ermöglicht daher Leistungs- und Performancesteigerung der Maschine, ohne dass externe Kühlung notwendig ist.

Claims (17)

  1. Legierung,
    aufweisend in Gew-%: Kohlenstoff (C): 0,15% - 0,25%, Silizium (Si): 0,0% - 0,08%, Mangan (Mn): 0,03% - 0,20%, Chrom (Cr): 9,5% - 10,5%, Molybdän (Mo): 0,4% - 1,0%, Wolfram (W): 1,6% - 2,4%, Kobalt (Co): 2,5% - 3,5%, Nickel (Ni): 0,0% - 0,40%, Bor (B): 0,003% - 0,02%, Stickstoff (N): 0,0% - 0,40%, Titan (Ti): 0,02% - 0,10%, Vanadium (V): 0,10% - 0,30%, Niob (Nb): 0,02% - 0,08%, Kupfer (Cu): 1,20% - 2,10%, Aluminium (Al): 0,003% - 0,06%,
    Rest Eisen (Fe).
  2. Bauteil,
    aufweisend eine Legierung nach Anspruch 1.
  3. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder beiden der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
    enthaltend 0,2 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff (C).
  4. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 0,06 Gew.-% Silizium (Si).
  5. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 0,1 Gew.-% Mangan (Mn).
  6. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 10,00 Gew.-% Chrom (Cr).
  7. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 0,7 Gew.-% Molybdän (Mo).
  8. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 2,0 Gew.-% Wolfram (W).
  9. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 3,0 Gew.-% Kobalt (Co).
  10. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 0,0 Gew.-% Nickel (Ni), bis auf Verunreinigungslevel.
  11. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 0,010 Gew.-% Bor (B).
  12. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 0,0 Gew.-% Stickstoff (N), bis auf Verunreinigungslevel.
  13. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 0,05 Gew.-% Titan (Ti).
  14. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 0,20 Gew.-% Vanadium (V).
  15. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 0,05 Gew.-% Niob (Nb).
  16. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 1,75 Gew.-% Kupfer (Cu).
  17. Legierung oder Bauteil nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche,
    enthaltend 0,02 Gew.-% Aluminium (Al).
EP18759887.5A 2017-09-18 2018-08-16 Martensitischer stahl mit z-phase, pulver und bauteil Active EP3684957B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017216461.1A DE102017216461A1 (de) 2017-09-18 2017-09-18 Martensitischer Stahl mit Z-Phase, Pulver und Bauteil
PCT/EP2018/072190 WO2019052766A1 (de) 2017-09-18 2018-08-16 Martensitischer stahl mit z-phase, pulver und bauteil

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EP3684957A1 EP3684957A1 (de) 2020-07-29
EP3684957B1 true EP3684957B1 (de) 2023-10-04

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CN (1) CN111133120A (de)
DE (1) DE102017216461A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2019052766A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020213394A1 (de) * 2020-10-23 2022-04-28 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Martensitischer Stahl mit Z-Phase, Pulver sowie Rohteil oder Bauteil

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4434006A (en) * 1979-05-17 1984-02-28 Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha Free cutting steel containing controlled inclusions and the method of making the same
JP3508667B2 (ja) 2000-01-13 2004-03-22 住友金属工業株式会社 高温強度に優れた高Ｃｒフェライト系耐熱鋼およびその製造方法
JP2001279391A (ja) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-10 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd フェライト系耐熱鋼
WO2008023734A1 (fr) * 2006-08-23 2008-02-28 Japan Sceince And Technologyagency Alliage à base de fer et son procédé de fabrication
JP4995122B2 (ja) 2007-03-02 2012-08-08 新日本製鐵株式会社 溶接熱影響部のクリープ特性に優れたフェライト系耐熱鋼材及び耐熱構造体
DE102007025758A1 (de) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Mahle International Gmbh Dichtring
JP5046398B2 (ja) * 2008-12-17 2012-10-10 株式会社日本製鋼所 高窒素マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼
JP5574953B2 (ja) * 2010-12-28 2014-08-20 株式会社東芝 鍛造用耐熱鋼、鍛造用耐熱鋼の製造方法、鍛造部品および鍛造部品の製造方法

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CN111133120A (zh) 2020-05-08
EP3684957A1 (de) 2020-07-29
DE102017216461A1 (de) 2019-03-21
US20200208245A1 (en) 2020-07-02
US11492686B2 (en) 2022-11-08
WO2019052766A1 (de) 2019-03-21

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