EP3680106B1 - Détection de moyenne en nombre mn dans l'image d'impression - Google Patents

Détection de moyenne en nombre mn dans l'image d'impression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3680106B1
EP3680106B1 EP19151348.0A EP19151348A EP3680106B1 EP 3680106 B1 EP3680106 B1 EP 3680106B1 EP 19151348 A EP19151348 A EP 19151348A EP 3680106 B1 EP3680106 B1 EP 3680106B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
white
image
print
defects
line
Prior art date
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Application number
EP19151348.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3680106A1 (fr
Inventor
Dr. Jan Krieger
Frank Schumann
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG filed Critical Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Priority to EP19151348.0A priority Critical patent/EP3680106B1/fr
Priority to CN201911264871.3A priority patent/CN111434494B/zh
Priority to JP2020002847A priority patent/JP7412185B2/ja
Priority to US16/740,687 priority patent/US11752775B2/en
Publication of EP3680106A1 publication Critical patent/EP3680106A1/fr
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Publication of EP3680106B1 publication Critical patent/EP3680106B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2132—Print quality control characterised by dot disposition, e.g. for reducing white stripes or banding
    • B41J2/2142—Detection of malfunctioning nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2132—Print quality control characterised by dot disposition, e.g. for reducing white stripes or banding
    • B41J2/2146—Print quality control characterised by dot disposition, e.g. for reducing white stripes or banding for line print heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J29/00—Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • B41J29/38—Drives, motors, controls or automatic cut-off devices for the entire printing mechanism
    • B41J29/393—Devices for controlling or analysing the entire machine ; Controlling or analysing mechanical parameters involving printing of test patterns
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/21—Ink jet for multi-colour printing
    • B41J2/2132—Print quality control characterised by dot disposition, e.g. for reducing white stripes or banding
    • B41J2/2139—Compensation for malfunctioning nozzles creating dot place or dot size errors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J29/00—Details of, or accessories for, typewriters or selective printing mechanisms not otherwise provided for
    • B41J29/38—Drives, motors, controls or automatic cut-off devices for the entire printing mechanism
    • B41J29/393—Devices for controlling or analysing the entire machine ; Controlling or analysing mechanical parameters involving printing of test patterns
    • B41J2029/3935—Devices for controlling or analysing the entire machine ; Controlling or analysing mechanical parameters involving printing of test patterns by means of printed test patterns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for checking the print quality of an inkjet printing machine using a camera and a computer.
  • the invention lies in the technical field of digital printing.
  • a main problem here is drying of the ink in the event that the corresponding print head is not used for a long time and is not properly stored in the idle state.
  • the drying ink clogs the nozzle outlet opening and thus leads to a deviating pressure point of the print nozzle in question or, in extreme cases, even to complete failure.
  • the print nozzle no longer prints exactly where the actual print point should be and the print strength also deviates from the actually desired standard values.
  • the ingress of dust particles and similar dirt can also cause white line errors.
  • German patent application DE 2017 220361 A1 discloses such a method for detecting and compensating for failed printing nozzles in an inkjet printing machine using a computer, which involves printing a current print image, recording the printed print image using an image sensor and digitizing the recorded print image using the computer, adding digitized color values of the recorded print image of each column over the entire print image height and dividing the summed up color values by the number of pixels to obtain a column profile, subtracting an optimized column profile without failed printing nozzles from the original column profile to obtain a difference column profile, setting a threshold for maximum values exceeding which one out, applying this threshold for maximum values to the difference column profile, whereby in the resulting column profile each maximum marks a out of print nozzle, and compensating for the marked out print nozzles in the subsequent printing process as steps of the method.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that it cannot be implemented robustly in practice.
  • the method is based on the fact that there are very little differences between one reference image and a camera image. But that is not always the case in practice. Reasons for this are, for example, incorrectly calibrated cameras, a non-optimal or outdated white balance, different types of paper or suboptimal colors in the printing unit.
  • areas in the printed image that are as monochromatic as possible are used for the detection of the whitelines, which is why the method can only be used to a limited extent in the case of printed images that do not have such areas.
  • the US patent application U.S. 2012/092409 A1 also discloses a system and method according to the preamble of claim 1 for detecting missing inkjets in an inkjet imaging system.
  • the system and method detect missing inkjets in an inkjet imaging system.
  • the system creates digital images of printed documents that do not contain any test pattern data.
  • the digital images are processed to detect light stripes, and the positions of the light stripes are correlated to the ink jet positions in the printheads.
  • the identification of the ink color associated with the correlated ink jet positions is then obtained through an analysis of color separated images and/or color errors.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to find a method for determining printing errors in a printing process of an inkjet printing machine which is more efficient and determines printing errors, in particular white line errors, better and more reliably than the methods known from the prior art.
  • the object is solved by a method for determining printing errors in a printing process, carried out in an inkjet printing machine for processing a print job by a computer, with printed products produced during the printing process being recorded and digitized using a camera system that generated camera image is fed to a detection algorithm on the computer, if printing errors are detected, a message is sent to a machine controller, which then, if necessary, ejects the printed product via a waste gate, which is characterized in that the detection algorithm separates color sections of the camera images and detects the printing errors in the color sections , links images of the individual color separations to a candidate image, filters the candidate image and finally enters the remaining detected printing errors in a list and sends this to the printing press.
  • the core of the method according to the invention is therefore to determine the printing errors directly from the generated camera image of the recorded and digitized printed product.
  • the printing errors are detected directly in the separated color separations, since the printing errors can be detected more easily here than in the composite camera image.
  • the camera usually delivers RGB images, so that a separation of the individual color separations of the camera image generated naturally delivers individual RGB color separations and not CMYK color separations, which correspond to the color space of the inkjet printing machine used.
  • a preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the printing errors are white line or dark line errors caused by defective printing nozzles of the inkjet printing machine.
  • the algorithm is therefore primarily intended to recognize the whiteline errors already described, since these printing errors in particular reduce the print quality of the printing process to such an extent that waste occurs.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that in a further method step, before sending to the printing machine, the computer filters out pseudo-whiteline or darkline errors from the list of whiteline or darkline errors by using a specific test method . It is important that no false positive errors are output by the detection algorithm. In particular, thin, light lines in the print image to be generated, such as barcodes, are very susceptible to being marked as pseudo-whitelines. Therefore, in a further process step, the detection algorithm should use specific tests to check whether the detected white line is really a real white line in order to rule out the possibility that desired print image components are incorrectly detected as white line errors and thus cause additional waste unintentionally.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the computer determines the causative defective printing nozzles from the list of the remaining detected white line or dark line errors and, depending on this, compensates the white line or dark line errors using suitable compensation methods.
  • the actual goal of the method according to the invention is to precisely identify printed products in the form of printed sheets that have such quality-reducing whiteline errors that make the printed sheet produced a waste sheet
  • the information about the whiteline errors determined by the detection algorithm can of course be used also be used to to determine the causal defective printing nozzles and to have them compensated by a suitable compensation method. Compensation for the defective print nozzles finally allows the relevant inkjet printing machine to continue to be used to process the current print job without changing the print head.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the computer for the specific test method creates a reference image from preliminary data of the print job, applies the detection algorithm to this reference image and thus gains knowledge about either received candidates for pseudo white line or dark line errors and removes them from the list of whiteline or darkline defects or areas in the camera image with probable pseudo whiteline or darkline defects to which the detection algorithm is then not applied.
  • the easiest way to detect pseudo-white lines is to create a reference image from good data, e.g. the preliminary stage data, and then check whether the structure found that was detected as a white line is also located in this reference image. If this is the case, it is logically a pseudo white line. With the realization that you have found one, you can deal with it in two ways.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the computer creates the reference image in several sizes and/or resolutions, applies the detection algorithm several times to the various reference images and summarizes and uses the knowledge gained therefrom. This procedure increases the reliability of both the detection algorithm for the specific marking of whitelines and for the determination of pseudo-whiteline errors.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the algorithm is not applied to such areas, or results from such areas are excluded, which are characterized by a high variation of the gray values in a limited, local environment in the reference image.
  • Such areas such as barcodes, are particularly susceptible to the detection of pseudo-whiteline or darkline errors and must therefore be excluded from the algorithm's check.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the list of white line or dark line errors is created via column totals in the filtered candidate image by applying a limit value to the respectively determined column total in the candidate image.
  • True spurious whiteline/darkline errors typically span a larger area of the captured camera image.
  • pseudo-whiteline/darkline errors which is the case with very short whiteline errors is very probable, only those print columns in the candidate image are marked in which the determined print error exceeds a certain limit value.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the candidate image of the individual color separations is linked by the computer using a mathematical OR operation. This type of composition of the individual color extracts to form the candidate image has proven to be the most suitable from a computational point of view.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the filtering of the candidate image is carried out by the computer using morphological operations.
  • this allows very short printing errors or white lines to be filtered out, which are usually pseudo-white lines anyway or do not affect the print quality of the printed product or printed sheet so much that a waste decision has to be made here.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the detection algorithm is applied multiple times by the computer to the generated camera image, with the method being parameterized differently in each case in order to detect differently pronounced dark line or white line errors and the results of all color separations of all applications of the procedure can be logically linked with one another.
  • the detection algorithm can also be applied multiple times to the generated camera image. In particular, this increases the accuracy of the detection algorithm when filtering out pseudo whiteline or darkline errors, but is also positive for the hit accuracy when finding real whiteline or darkline errors.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that for each of the differently parameterized applications of the method, the camera image is previously limited to a maximum gray value in each pixel.
  • the advantage of this is that bright outliers in paper white areas that could falsify the mean are filtered out.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the candidate image of a color channel is generated by dividing the image into horizontal strips, with each strip being reduced to a line signal by suitable averaging of each of its columns, in which whitelines or darklines are then a special search method can be sought and each line evaluated in this way results in a line of the whiteline candidate image.
  • This is an important feature of the method according to the invention, since the white/dark line detection using the detection algorithm in these strips is more efficient than if the algorithm had to work with the overall image.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the computer uses the white or dark line search method to search for a dark or
  • Whiteline at a position by evaluating a constrained neighborhood around the pixel of interest in the line signal.
  • the classification of whether a found error is really a real white line or dark line error is done by evaluating the immediately adjacent pixels. Only then can a pseudo-whiteline or darkline error be ruled out.
  • a further preferred development of the method according to the invention is that the search method first convolves the line signal with different filter kernels and converts the results into logical signals by comparing them with possibly different limit values, which are then converted into a white or dark line signal with the aid of a logical link. candidate line signal is converted.
  • the area of application of the preferred embodiment variant is an inkjet printing machine 7.
  • This is a sheet-fed inkjet printing machine 7 which is controlled by a control computer 6 .
  • this printing press 7 when this printing press 7 is in operation, failures of individual printing nozzles in the print heads 5 in the printing unit 4 can occur.
  • the result is white/dark lines or, in the case of a multicolored print, distorted color values.
  • An example of such a white/dark line 9 in a captured camera image 8 is shown in figure 3 shown.
  • figure 3 shows an example of a printed sheet 2 with captured camera images 13, one of which has a white/darkline error 14.
  • additional, downstream filtering can also be carried out with the aid of a reference image. This will be explained in more detail later in the description.
  • a reference image is usually required, which, in addition to the disadvantages already mentioned, impairs the processing speed.
  • the use of a reference image can further improve the quality of the method by avoiding false positive detected white/dark lines 14 .
  • the method according to the invention thus has many advantages over the prior art.
  • white balance, type of paper, short white/dark lines 14 they are often lost in the image/signal noise.
  • This disadvantage is eliminated with the method according to the invention.
  • the reference image must be transported into the computer 9 in full resolution, for example with 670 dpi. With the technical means currently available, this is only possible at great expense. Since the algorithm presented here does not require a reference image or at least a high-resolution reference image, these costs can be saved.
  • pseudo-white/darklines 14b are now filtered out of the white/darkline candidates 14 determined in stage one by using one or more filters.
  • This filter is to rule out very brief or isolated false detections. Because a white/dark line 14 will affect several areas of a column in most realistic print motifs, while false detections only occur locally.
  • the filter described in step four of the previous exemplary embodiment using the reference image is also carried out here with all the modifications described above.
  • the size of the reference image is adjusted beforehand. It can also make sense to process the reference image several times in different resolutions and to combine the results of these stages before filtering. This simulates the loss of quality on the "perfect" reference image by the camera system 10 and thus makes it possible to effectively detect different structures that can lead to white/darkline-like structures in the camera image 13 .
  • the further, particularly preferred exemplary embodiment has the additional advantage over the previous exemplary embodiment that it has a higher detection performance for white/dark lines 14 with a simultaneously smaller number of pseudo white/dark lines 14b.
  • this requires a reference image evaluation, the additional processing steps of which can lead to longer computing times for the computer 6, 9 used.
  • the decision as to which preferred embodiment is used should therefore be based on the requirements of the specific application. Print jobs in which the white/dark line detection is time- or performance-critical should rather use the first exemplary embodiment presented, while print jobs in which print images require a thorough detection of white/dark lines 14 and/or in which an increased There is a risk of pseudo-white/dark lines 14b appearing, should rather resort to the second exemplary embodiment presented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé pour déterminer des défauts d'impression dans un procédé d'impression, effectué dans une machine à imprimer Inkjet (7) pour le traitement d'un travail d'impression, par un ordinateur (9), pour lequel des produits imprimés (2) générés pendant le procédé d'impression sont détectés et numérisés à l'aide d'un système de caméra (10), l'image de la caméra (13) ainsi générée est transmise à un algorithme de détection sur l'ordinateur (9), un message est envoyé, en cas de défauts d'impression (14) détectés, à une commande de la machine (6) qui provoque alors si nécessaire la déflexion du produit imprimé (2) via un déflecteur de macules,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'algorithme de détection sépare les sélections chromatiques des images de la caméra (13), détecte les défauts d'impression (14) dans les sélections chromatiques, combine les images des différentes sélections chromatiques en une image candidate (21), filtre l'image candidate (21), pour s'assurer que seuls les défauts d'impression (14) entraînant des macules sont détectés et, finalement, enregistre les défauts d'impression (14) détectés restants dans une liste et envoie celle-ci à la commande (6) de la machine à imprimer (7).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'il s'agit, dans le cas des défauts d'impression (14), de défauts lignes blanches ou lignes noires (14) provoqués par des buses d'impression défectueuses de la machine à imprimer Inkjet (7).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'ordinateur (9), dans une étape suivante du procédé, élimine par filtrage, avant la transmission à la commande de la machine (6), la machine à imprimer (7), de la liste des défauts lignes blanches ou lignes noires (14), par mise en oeuvre d'un procédé de test spécifique, les pseudo-défauts lignes blanches ou lignes noires (14b).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'ordinateur (9) détermine, à partir de la liste des défauts lignes blanches ou lignes noires (14) détectés restants, les buses d'impression défectueuses en étant la cause et, en fonction de cela, compense les défauts lignes blanches ou lignes noires (14) par des procédés de compensation à chaque fois appropriés.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'ordinateur (9) établit pour le procédé de test spécifique une image de référence à partir de données de prépresse du travail d'impression, applique l'algorithme de détection à cette image de référence et en tire ainsi soit des connaissances sur des candidats pour des défauts pseudo-lignes blanches ou lignes noires (14b) obtenus et les élimine de la liste des défauts lignes blanches ou lignes noires (14), soit des connaissances sur des zones dans l'image de la caméra (13) avec des défauts probables de pseudo-lignes blanches ou lignes noires (14b) et n'applique par conséquent pas l'algorithme de détection à ces zones dans l'image de la caméra.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'ordinateur (9) établit l'image de référence en plusieurs tailles et/ou résolutions, applique plusieurs fois en conséquence l'algorithme de détection aux différentes images de référence et regroupe et applique les connaissances ainsi obtenues.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'algorithme n'est pas appliqué à de telles zones, ou que les résultats provenant de zones qui se caractérisent par une variation élevée des valeurs de gris dans un environnement local limité dans l'image de référence sont exclus.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'établissement de la liste de défauts lignes blanches ou lignes noires (14) par l'ordinateur (9) s'effectue par l'intermédiaire de sommes de colonnes dans l'image candidate filtrée (21), en appliquant une valeur limite à la somme de colonnes respectivement déterminée dans l'image candidate (21).
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    en ce que l'image candidate (21) des différentes sélections chromatiques est combinée par l'ordinateur (9) au moyen d'une opération mathématique OU.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    en ce que le filtrage de l'image candidate (21) est effectué par l'ordinateur (9) au moyen d'opérations morphologiques.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'algorithme de détection est appliqué plusieurs fois par l'ordinateur (9) à l'image de la caméra (13) générée, le procédé étant à chaque fois paramétré différemment pour détecter des défauts lignes blanches ou lignes noires (14) plus ou moins prononcés, et les résultats de toutes les sélections chromatiques de toutes les applications du procédé étant logiquement combinés entre eux.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11,
    caractérisé en ce
    que, pour chacune des applications différemment paramétrées du procédé, l'image de la caméra (13) générée est préalablement limitée à une valeur de gris maximale dans chaque pixel.
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications
    précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la génération de l'image candidate (21) d'un canal de couleur s'effectue par division de l'image de la caméra (13) générée en bandes horizontales (15), chaque bande (15) étant réduite par un calcul de la moyenne approprié de chacune de ses colonnes à un signal d'image (18) dans lequel des lignes blanches ou des lignes noires (14) sont ensuite recherchées par un procédé de recherche spécial et chaque ligne ainsi évaluée donne une ligne de l'image candidate en lignes blanches (21).
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le procédé de recherche de lignes blanches ou de lignes noires détecte une ligne noire ou une ligne blanche (14) à une position en examinant une périphérie restreinte autour du pixel considéré dans le signal d'image (18).
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le procédé de recherche replie d'abord le signal d'image (18) avec différents noyaux de filtre et transforme les résultats en signaux logiques par comparaison avec des valeurs limites qui peuvent éventuellement différer dans chaque cas, le signal d'image étant ensuite transformé en un signal d'image candidate en lignes blanches ou lignes noires à l'aide d'une combinaison logique.
EP19151348.0A 2019-01-11 2019-01-11 Détection de moyenne en nombre mn dans l'image d'impression Active EP3680106B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19151348.0A EP3680106B1 (fr) 2019-01-11 2019-01-11 Détection de moyenne en nombre mn dans l'image d'impression
CN201911264871.3A CN111434494B (zh) 2019-01-11 2019-12-11 印刷图像中的缺失喷嘴探测
JP2020002847A JP7412185B2 (ja) 2019-01-11 2020-01-10 印刷画像におけるｍｎ（ミッシングノズル）検出
US16/740,687 US11752775B2 (en) 2019-01-11 2020-01-13 Method for determining print defects in a printing operation carried out on an inkjet printing machine for processing a print job

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EP19151348.0A EP3680106B1 (fr) 2019-01-11 2019-01-11 Détection de moyenne en nombre mn dans l'image d'impression

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EP3680106A1 EP3680106A1 (fr) 2020-07-15
EP3680106B1 true EP3680106B1 (fr) 2023-08-23

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EP3680106A1 (fr) 2020-07-15
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