EP3679315A1

EP3679315A1 - Full metal jacket safety bullet, in particular for multi-purpose applications

Info

Publication number: EP3679315A1
Application number: EP18762548.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Michael MUSTER
Original assignee: RUAG Ammotec AG
Current assignee: RUAG Ammotec AG
Priority date: 2017-09-09
Filing date: 2018-09-10
Publication date: 2020-07-15
Anticipated expiration: 2038-09-10
Also published as: UA125975C2; CN111433554A; ZA202001711B; PE20201127A1; CO2020004185A2; JP2020533550A; MX2020002616A; AU2018328056B2; RS62590B1; CA3074896A1; WO2019048914A1; DK3679315T3; AU2018328056A1; EP3679315B1; PH12020500449A1; US20210063130A1; BR112020004521A2; EA202090684A1; IL273134A; JOP20200051A1

Abstract

In the transportation and handling of ammunition, the risk level is determined based on the amount of explosive used. This sets legal limits, for example for air transport, which are barely sufficient for a testing of bullets. With a targeted directing of shock waves, resulting from impacting on a target, high compressions occur on multiple sides in the active body (5'), which reliably initiate said active body without further auxiliary means or auxiliary materials. The object according to the invention achieves great savings in explosive material, without any loss in effectiveness, and significantly increases safety during transportation and handling.

Description

Full-jacketed safety bullet, especially for multi-purpose applications

The present invention relates to a solid-jacketed safety bullet according to the preamble of the claim.

As a security projectile is a bullet called, which contains only a minimum amount of explosives and still as a pure penetration bullet, multi-purpose projectile, explosive projectile or explosive fire ground, can be used.

The safety of ammunition bodies is of great importance not only in their manipulation but also in their transportation. The trans-national transport of military equipment and ammunition is subject to international and national safety regulations as well as national transit regulations and therefore requires lengthy and costly licensing procedures, especially in peacetime.

In addition, small amounts of small-caliber ammunition should be sent by airfreight at short notice, for time and other reasons, for local protection and defense tasks, but also for testing purposes. Very stringent safety regulations exist for this purpose, namely regulations and transport classifications for dangerous goods of the International Air Transport Association (LATA) and the ICAO-TI (Special Organization of the International Civil Aviation Organization). Compliance with and supervision of all regulations is the responsibility of the transporters and in particular directly to the members of the LATA and the airport and customs authorities.

Thus, for the air transport of even small amounts of small-caliber ammunition, a successful safety test of the transport device according to UN recommendations necessary for these dangerous goods to receive a transport classification eg according to the classification code 1.4 S (UN 0012 and others cartridges for handguns). In the required test certificate, the packaging is described in detail and set the maximum quantity (pieces) of ammunition to be transported. Also the dangerous goods (cartridges incl. Explosive) to a total net mass of max. 25 kg limited. The total weight of the transport device may not exceed 50 kg, so that also for protective measures (transport packaging, etc.) are set relatively narrow limits.

Conventional incendiary shell are u.a. known from US-PS 3,208,385. These missiles initiate a set of fire on the impact on a hard target. A behind it, hollow projectile body is filled with another set of fire and contains a predetermined breaking point, so that when it penetrates into the target both incendiary acts. This type of ammunition was used from the 60s, for example, as a tank fire ground.

Another explosive fire projectile is known from DE-OS 2 323 798, which contains a sub-caliber, central core made of hard metal, which is encased by a fire mass. The puncture core is placed on a caliber equal rear part, which acts as a sabot and is separated in the target via a predetermined breaking point. The penetration core is preceded by a fire rate, which also serves as a hit mark.

Analogous explosive fire projectiles were later called multipurpose projectiles (DE-A 27 27 970, US-PS 4 444 112, EP-A-533 697).

An increased penetration rate compared with the bullets mentioned above was achieved according to a European patent application No. 16405018.9. At the same time, the achieved diameter of the penetration hole could be increased, so that the hydraulic resistance against the fire rate decreased and thus this is also effective in the interior of the target.

A disadvantage, even with this improved projectile in caliber 0.5 (12.7 mm), is the need to use an explosive device of the order of 1 g in weight and to add it for safe ignition even highly sensitive Nitropenta. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a projectile with a reduced amount of explosive, whose safety in production and handling is increased over the aforementioned with constant target effects. This without per se environmentally hazardous materials, such as tungsten carbide cores or highly pyrophoric incendiary, such as zirconium-containing masses to use. The projectile should also be executable as tracer ammunition.

The breakdown power, for example of a multipurpose projectile, should be at least equal to or even improved, both in terms of the depth of penetration and on the diameter of the penetration compared to EP Application No. 16405018.9. The hole in the target should represent only a small flow resistance for the plasmas of the incendiary. The internal and external ballistics of the projectile and the accuracy should also be at least equal. The projectile construction should be inexpensive and precise to produce from a few parts and produced by conventional means and methods in large series. The bullet must also be produced for use in rifle cartridges. - In smaller numbers, the projectiles should also be approved for air transport.

In addition, dangerous blingers should not be created if the target is missing and / or if the targets are very soft.

This object is solved by the features of the claim.

The piercing core mentioned here is preferably one-piece for manufacturing and dynamic reasons, but may also be multi-part. In any case, the transition region between the front part and the actual breakdown part to steering the resulting shock waves is formed, so that when entering the target also a phlegmatized explosive, without further aids (such as ignition chains, sensitive explosives, etc.) is initiated. The resulting fragmentation effect in the front part of the breakdown core allows this to penetrate massive plates with the full kinetic energy.

The targeted steering of the shock waves generated during impact can basically reduce the mass of explosive; In addition, it is possible to dispense with the often used dangerous Nitropenta. The different durations of the counteracting shock waves move in the range of microseconds, so that as a result of the inertia of the explosive its extremely high compression and thus a safe initiation takes place immediately.

The amount of explosive can be significantly reduced in the subject invention, as reproducible firing tests on different targets with a multipurpose bullet of caliber 0.5 gave, this without duds, deflagration or deflagration.

In dependent claims advantageous developments of the subject invention are described.

A simple steering of shock waves takes place according to claim 2 by circumferential notches on the solid shell.

Constrictions with front surfaces on the penetration core for effective reflection of shock waves according to claim 3 are particularly efficient.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a front surface, ie the surface which causes and aligns the reflection of the shock waves towards the recess 5, is formed as an upper wedge surface, in particular a wedge-shaped first and / or second constriction. Preferably, the upper wedge surface is flat, flat and, in particular with respect to the axial direction (F) (weft direction) frustoconical. Alternatively, the upper wedge surface may be at least partially, preferably completely, convex, preferably parabolic (as viewed from the outside of the breakdown core) to bundle the shock waves onto the explosive in the recess.

Preferably, in addition, the further lower surface of the wedge-shaped constriction may be formed either flat, flat or convex, in particular parabolic.

The alignment of the front surfaces on Durchschlagskern takes place in the simplest way, in which this is determined geometrically, by a center line, which for Destination point leads. This is the predetermined point where shock wave initiation is most efficient; Claim 4.

Rear cone surfaces with a cone angle according to claim 5 have proven successful, the geometric tip of which corresponds to the aforementioned target point.

The mentioned in claim 6 double function of the first wedge-shaped constriction is very compact and has proven to be extremely effective.

Through a hardened steel tip, a good penetration into the target is achieved, which is increased by the insertion of a titanium pin, in the manner of a pilot hole. This hard pen causes a high surface pressure at the target, so that hardly rebounds occur; Claim 7.

The embodiment according to claim 8, results in a highly effective, continuously burning marking charge and is therefore used as a light trail.

The pyrotechnic mixture according to claim 9 gives a good target marking, as it is particularly desired in multi-purpose projectiles.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the front part of the punching core, in particular a cup part with the front, blind hole-like recess for filling with explosive, and a central part of the punching core of one piece, in particular a piece of metal, made, in particular rotated. Preferably, the piece of metal is formed of plain steel, without in particular having a magnesium-cobalt additive. The central and rear part of the puncture core is bounded from the front part by the first constriction from each other in the axial direction.

In a further development of the invention, a rear end face of the puncture core has a plane surface or alternatively a convex, preferably parabolic shape, in particular to reflect and align shock waves substantially in the axial direction through the puncture core to the recess in the front part, preferably to bundle , The use claims 10 to 14 show an enormously wide range of application of the subject invention.

With the inventive measures, a significant manufacturing advantage resulted in the effect that instead of the usual high-quality magnesium-cobalt metal mixture, a simple steel material can be used to achieve the desired function of the security projectile. In particular, the wedge-shaped constriction or groove delimiting the front portion from the central portion of the piercing core resulted in a concentration of deformation forces.

Particularly advantageous is the design of the breakdown core in the front part with regard to the shape of the recess, which serves as a desired crumple zone due to the material weakening, which in particular provides the possibility to use a simple steel material for the breakdown core.

Surprisingly, a successful angular penetration can be achieved by the full-scale backup bullet according to the invention, even with an angular firing direction, in particular at a 45 ° angle. In particular, the crumple zone of the front part in the form of the receiving cup, namely the blind hole-like recess, assists in this.

The circumferential weakenings, in particular grooves or notches, which are arranged in the region of the recess, are preferably provided, which can also be aligned axially or spirally.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the subject invention will be explained with reference to drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used for the same parts.

Show it:

Fig. 1 a penetrated projectile with a highly patented

Explosive 1, in a simplified representation, with marked shockwave fronts, immediately upon impact with a target, FIG.

Fig. 3 is a detail enlargement of Fig. 2, in the front part

Piercing part with the resulting shock wave fronts,

4 shows the rear part of a multi-purpose projectile with a marking load,

Fig. 5, the assembly (assembly) of the items in one

Multi-purpose projectile, in the variant of Fig. 4 and

Fig. 6 ready for patrolling projectile.

In Figure 1, the solid shell is denoted by 1 on a penetration bullet caliber 0.5; This projectile is launched in a usual run (not shown) in the direction of flight F. The solid shell 1 has a flattened tip 2. Embedded in the projectile tip is an ogivförmige, hardened steel tip 4 with a front, central titanium pin 3. Subsequently to the steel tip 4, a one-piece piercing core 6 is provided with a blind hole-shaped recess 5, the conical surfaces are denoted by 5a and the top with 5b. In the recess 5, a highly inflammable explosive 5 'is pressed. The front portion 6 'of the piercing core 6 has a first wedge-shaped constriction 10, a recess into which a bushing 7 protrudes from plastic, which laterally encases the piercing core 6 in the middle part. The socket 7 is cut off at the rear and leaves between the solid shell 1 and the penetration core 6 an air space 8 free, which has an internal positive effect. A second analog wedge-shaped constriction 11 is located in front of the rear region of the puncture core 6, in which case the upper wedge surface 11 'forms a relatively small acute angle relative to the horizontal. On the rear side, a taper 15 is provided, which is useful for the introduction of the projectile in a conventional cartridge and at the same time aerodynamically advantageous. Completed is the projectile, by a rear-side sealing washer 9, which is inserted in the notoriously known curl 16. The solid shell 1 has in the front region 6 'of the punching core 6 circumferential notches 1' (grooves) on. The materials used are known per se as such; they result in the subject invention surprising effects. The steel tip 4 is a conventional fine grain steel with a hardness of 57 HRC suitable. The front-mounted titanium pin 3 with a diameter of 1.2 mm acts like a pre-bore in target Z and prevents rebounds. Titanium carbide or titanium nitride, so-called cermets, are also suitable instead of titanium. As an explosive material, in particular, it is suitable from a "plastic bonded explosive" (= PBX) or nitramine type, but is of course not limited to these. The bushing 7 can perform several functions, especially if it is designed as a metal compound. On the one hand, it can serve to dampen vibrations and, because of their elasticity, reduce running wear and, on the other hand, when mixed with, for example, titanium powder, produce a lightning strike at the target, which serves as a hit indicator. In addition, the targeted addition of metal powder can also be useful for optimizing the center of gravity of the projectile.

The notches 1 'and the wedge-shaped constrictions 10 act analogous to the subject invention according to European Patent Application No. 16405018.9 splinter-forming and increase the breakdown power of the core 6. On the other hand, they additionally serve here the shock wave steering as shown in Fig. 2 below.

For simplicity, the titanium pin 3 in Fig. 2 is not shown. The central shockwave front Si which forms on impact at the target undergoes a dispersion at the transition to the explosive 5 ', at the same time the lateral waves at the notches 1' of the solid jacket 1 being reflected as wave fronts S3. The second wedge-shaped constriction 11 in the penetrating core 6 reflects on its wedge surface 11 'lateral wavefronts S2' running towards the center, which overlap with the wavefronts Si and amplify through the first wedge-shaped constriction 10 in the explosive 5 'as pressure waves; see. Fig. 3, an enlarged view in the front part 6 'of the breakdown core.

This effect, namely the multi-sided compression of the highly patented explosive causes its entire burnup at a greatly increased speed. - The crystalline active substances, the actual explosive, abruptly and on all sides in contact with each other and are thereby initiated simultaneously. This allows a reduction in the amount of explosive, with the same splintering performance, of the order of 70% compared to the projectile according to the EP application no. 16405018.9. The im The term "explosive" indicates that other explosives than previously used, or that could only be initiated over longer igniters, are also considered as explosives, including substances that are not considered explosive per se, ie substances that do not even exist Conventional phlegmatization is highly phlegmatic and can only be detonated by means of especially high pressures and specific pressure gradients - important here is above all the resulting increased safety, both during production, transport and also during the manipulation of the ammunition at the place of use compliance with international transport regulations, which can be very important in case of urgent frontloading.

The conditions for initiating the explosive resulting in a projectile according to the invention arise only when impacting on a target (Z). As a result, unexploded ordnance - which can arise for whatever reason - are completely harmless, resulting in another not inconsiderable contribution to ammunition security.

The inventive construction allows the construction of new bullet types with specific effects in the target, as the following example indicates.

The variant of a multi-purpose projectile is shown in the sectional view of FIG. 4. Here, a sleeve 14 of Tombak, which is provided with a tip, inserted in a blind hole-like recess 12 at the rear of the breakdown core 6. A marking charge 13, which is pressed into the sleeve 14, is fired when fired by the cartridge (not shown) via the rear-side seal 9 and via a small ignition charge 13 '. This thermally favorable construction is characterized by a uniform burning, over the entire distance of flight of the projectile and serves as a reliably acting tracer.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show in perspective the components used for a multi-purpose projectile:

In the solid shell 1, Fig. 5, the ogivförmige tip 4 is inserted first. This is followed by the penetration core 6, into which the explosive 5 'was previously pressed in in the front region 6' and the elastic bushing 7 is latched. - This bush 7 has at least one radial slot 7 ', which facilitates the assembly and deformation NEN in the jacket 1 prevented. Rear side in Durchschlagskern 6 are the sleeve 14 and the Markierladung 13; see. Fig. 4.

Subsequently, the seal 9 is inserted and the rear side of the entire projectile provided with a flange 16, see Fig. 6.

The subject invention is an open construction, i. This can be modified in many different ways, combined with different materials and adapted to the intended, specific application, such. also by means of inserts of metal splinters. According to the model laws, medium and large caliber weapons should also be possible in an analogous manner.

To increase the breakdown power, in particular with larger calibers, the cylindrical shaft of the breakdown core 6 can likewise be designed in the shape of an ogive.

Practical experiments, in comparison with analogous projectiles have shown that the amount of explosive can be reduced to about one third.

Basically, the subject of the invention is not limited to police and military applications: In mechanical engineering, mining, civil engineering, but also in the exploration of raw materials are continuously to create punctures and holes that are made for safety and environmental reasons, only with minimal use of explosives should. Use claims 10 to 14 outline these inserts, but in no way conclusive.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 full coat (punch-through or multi-purpose projectile)

1 'notches (encircling) in ι

2 flattened top

3 titanium pin (possibly titanium carbide)

4 steel tip (hardened)

5 blind hole-shaped recess in 6

5a conical surfaces of 5

5b top of 5

5 'explosive (PBX / nitramine)

6 puncture core

6 'front area of 6

7 elastic bushing (plastic / metal compound)

7 'slot in 7

8 air space (ring-shaped)

9 rear window (gasket)

10 first wedge-shaped constriction

11 second wedge-shaped constriction

11 'upper wedge surface of 11

12 blind hole-like recess in 6

12 'tip of the recess 12

13 marking charge (tracer)

13 'primer to 13

14 sleeve

15 rejuvenation

16 flanging Flight direction of the projectile

Shock wave fronts

aim

Claims

P a n t a n s p r e c h e

A full-jacketed safety bullet having a central solid core centered penetration core with a front blind hole-like recess filled with an explosive, the penetration core having at least first and second wedge-shaped constrictions, the resulting central shock waves being abutted upon impact with a target act the explosive and the recess in the breakdown core in the interior of the target splintered, characterized in that at circumferential notches (ι ') and / or wedge-shaped constrictions (10,11) shock waves (Si, S2) on the solid shell (1) and / or Shock core (6) are reflected and that this the explosive (5), by opposing shock waves (Si, S3; S2 '), act on, so that counteracting compressions arise, which directly initiate the explosive (5).

A solid-jacketed safety bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that a part of the outer shock waves (Si) of circumferential notches (ι ') of the solid shell (1) on the recess (5b) are directed.

A solid jacketed safety bullet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a part of the outer shock waves (Si) on a front surface (11 ') of the second constriction (11) of the breakdown core (6) and reflected on the rear-side tip (5b) the recess (5) are directed.

A solid protective floor according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that a front surface (11 ') of the first and / or second constriction (11) is an upper wedge surface, which is in particular flat or convex.

5. VoUmantel security projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a fronseitige surface (11 ') of the second constriction is aligned orthogonal to the presumptive, reflected shock wave (S2').

6. VoUmantel safety projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the recess (5) forms a rear-side conical surface (5a) with a tip (5b), wherein the resulting cone angle 90 ⁰ to 130 ⁰ , preferably 120 ⁰ .

7. VoUmantel safety projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first wedge-shaped constriction (10) is designed such that they pass the main amplitudes of the reflected shock wave (S2 ') and optimal breaking points in the target (Z).

8. VoUmantel security projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steel tip (4) is hardened and contains a central titanium pin (3).

9. VoUmantel security projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the Durchschlagskern (6) rear side a blind hole-like recess (12) is provided, in which a metallic sleeve (14) is inserted, which contains a Markierladung (13).

10. VoUmantel security projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic bush (7) consists of a pyrotechnic mixture, wherein a polymer matrix, preferably polyether ketones, embedded metal powder, such as titanium, magnesium, aluminum or zirconium and / or mixtures thereof contains.

11. VoUmantel security projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Durchschlagskern (6) and a front, blind hole-like recess (5) forming the front part (6 ') is made of one piece, in particular piece of metal, in particular the one-piece Shock core (6) made of steel is preferably formed without a magnesium cobalt additive.

12 full-jacketed security projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rear-side end face of the punch-through core is flat or convex, in particular so that shock waves (S2) are bundled towards the recess (5).

13. Use of a full-jacketed safety bullet according to claim 1 to 8 for the targeted locking of escape vehicles.

14. Use of a full-jacketed safety bullet according to claim 1 to 12 as a multi-purpose bullet against lightly armored objects.

15. Use of a full-jacketed safety bullet according to claim 1 to 12, in the manufacturing and repair technology and rescue, to form boreholes without machine tools.

16. Use of a full-jacketed safety bullet according to claim 1 to 12, in mining, civil engineering for the preparation of blast holes, drain holes, injections and pressure reliefs.

17. Use of a full-jacketed safety bullet according to claim 1 to 12 for the gradual excavation of boreholes in the exploration of raw materials.