EP3676208B1 - Lift system with vibration damping - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an elevator system according to the preamble of claim 1.

Elevators are usually installed in a shaft of a building and are used to transport people or goods. The car, which can be moved up and down in a vertical direction in an elevator shaft of the building, is supported with suspension means, for example in the form of ropes or belts, the suspension means for moving the car being connected to a drive. The elevator car has a car body in whose interior people and goods can be transported. The cabin body usually has a floor, side walls and a ceiling as well as one or two cabin doors. The elevator car also has a support structure for supporting the car body. If, for example, the elevator car is carried by the suspension means in the form of an undersling, the support structure is arranged underneath the car body. With a 2:1 suspension, the support structure is assigned two deflection rollers or deflection units, which are arranged in the area of the ends of the support structure, so that the support means running along the side walls are deflected by the deflection rollers and more or less parallel to the floor under the cabin get lost. Depending on the number and arrangement of the suspension elements, one or more deflection rollers can be provided for each end area. The deflection roller or deflection rollers is or are freely rotatably mounted, for example using roller bearings. The two deflection units can thus have one or more deflection rollers per deflection unit.

In the U.S. 2011/061978 A1 shown. The arrangement is rotationally symmetrical and has a ring-shaped insulating element made of a rubber material, which is arranged between two likewise ring-shaped, rigid elements made of steel. One of the rigid elements has form-fitting ribs which engage complementary recesses of the isolation element to prevent rotation of the isolation element relative to the respective rigid element.

In the JP H01 256486 A a comparatively complicated construction is shown with an axle on which a deflection roller is freely rotatably mounted. The deflection roller is arranged between two parallel carrier segments of a support structure. The axle is fixed to the carrier segments by means of ring elements. The axle is also clamped in axle holders in the area of the axle ends. These axle mounts are connected to the underside of the support structure at an angle of 45° to the horizontal via elastic bodies, which are provided for damping vibrations that are transmitted from the support cable to the deflection pulley.

Another elevator system is from the EP 983 957 A2 known. The elevator car, which is carried by suspension means in the form of an undersling, has a support structure with deflection rollers, which are each attached to the end of the support structure at oblique sections. U-shaped brackets secured with nuts are used to fasten the axle, on which the respective deflection roller is mounted so that it can rotate freely. Isolation elements made of an elastic material are provided to isolate the cabin body from vibrations generated by the deflection rollers that are moved during cabin travel. A disadvantage of this arrangement is seen, for example, in the fact that the axle attachment is not sufficiently secure. If, for example, the deflection pulley can no longer rotate freely in relation to the axle due to bearing damage in the roller bearings due to insufficient or neglected maintenance, the axle attachment could be damaged in extreme cases and cause a dangerous event.

It is an object of the present invention to avoid the disadvantages of the known and in particular to create an elevator system that is characterized by a high level of operational reliability. In particular, the elevator installation should be simple and inexpensive to produce.

According to the invention, this object is achieved with an elevator system having the features of claim 1 . The elevator system has an elevator car that can be moved up and down in a vertical direction by means of suspension means, preferably in an elevator shaft, and is supported by the suspension means, for example in the form of an undersling. In this case, the elevator car has a car body and a car body arranged, for example, under the car body and preferably transversely to the vertical direction or horizontal support structure for carrying or supporting the cabin body. In order to create the undersling, for example for a 2:1 suspension system, pulleys are arranged between two parallel beams associated with the support structure. The support structure with the beams could possibly also be arranged above the cabin body.

The support structure has two parallel beams running transversely to the vertical direction and in particular horizontally. The girders can be separate components, e.g. steel girders with a C-profile or I-profile. However, it would also be conceivable for the carriers to be assigned to a common component. For example, the component could be box-shaped and have parallel support sections to form the supports. Deflection rollers, for example to create the looping underneath, are arranged on the carriers between the parallel carriers mentioned. The deflection rollers are preferably arranged in the region of the ends of the carrier. Further rollers, for example rollers for tensioning the suspension means on the carrier, could be arranged between the deflection rollers arranged at the ends of the carriers or in the end regions of the carriers. More than one deflection roller can be provided for each carrier end. The deflection rollers are each freely rotatably mounted on an axle. Each axis can be assigned one or more deflection rollers. The two carriers have receiving openings, preferably in the form of bores, for attaching the axles to the carrier. In this case, the respective axle is fastened to the carrier by means of a fastening arrangement which overlaps the receiving opening. The fact that the fastening arrangement has at least one plate-shaped insulation element made of an elastic material to isolate the cabin body from vibrations generated by the deflection rollers moved during cabin travel results in excellent sound and vibration insulation and thus high demands on travel comfort can be met. Thanks to the isolation element or the isolation elements, vibrations coming from the suspension means or from the drive can also be isolated. Such insulation elements can be procured easily and inexpensively and can be adapted as required. A robust and secure axle attachment is guaranteed for attaching the axles in the receiving openings.

The elevator installation can be an elevator installation without a machine room or an elevator installation with a machine room, the elevator installation having a drive with a Traction sheave, which comprises the elevator car already mentioned and a counterweight arranged on the side thereof. The drive can drive one or more suspension belts or suspension ropes via the traction sheave, which the elevator car carries in the form of an undersling and moves along vertical guides, for example in the form of guide rails. According to the invention, the fastening arrangement has an inner holding element, assigned to the receiving opening of the carrier, for holding the axle and an outer holding element, which is fixed to the respective carrier. The insulating element is arranged in the manner of a sandwich between the inner holding element and the outer holding element. In addition to good damping behavior, this embodiment is also characterized by ease of assembly. The reference point for the inside and outside of the holding elements is the (imaginary or geometric) axis of rotation of the axle. The outer holding element is consequently positioned further outwards in the radial direction, starting from the aforementioned axis of rotation, than the inner holding element. The inner retaining element associated with the receiving opening of the carrier can comprise a receiving area which is received in the receiving opening of the carrier. A reliable connection of the holding element to the carrier can be ensured by the engagement of the receiving area of the inner holding element in the receiving opening.

With regard to the shape, the person skilled in the art understands the plate-shaped insulation element to mean a flat component with generally flat upper and lower sides. The above-mentioned upper and lower sides of the insulation element make contact with the respective holding elements in the installed state. The inner holding element and the outer holding element preferably each have flat contact surfaces or support surfaces for the insulating element. In the installed state, the contact surfaces of the inner holding element and the outer holding element run plane-parallel to one another; the insulating element arranged in between lies flat on the two contact surfaces of the holding elements. However, a flat or planar configuration of the opposing top and bottom sides of the insulation element is not absolutely necessary. The plate-shaped insulation element could also be configured like a cushion. For example, it could be a flat component with a lens-shaped cross section and each have convex top and bottom sides.

The unit consisting of the inner holding element, the outer holding element and the insulating element in between can be easily pre-assembled. The insulation element can be connected to the two holding elements by means of an adhesive connection, for example.

To fix the outer holding element to the carrier, the outer holding element can be screwed to the carrier.

Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the holding elements, ie the inner holding element and the outer holding element, as well as the insulating element lying between them, are arranged in an inclined position on the carrier. The result of this is that, under load, the force vector resulting from the tensile forces of the suspension means in the deflection unit is preferably inclined by 45° to the horizontal to adapt it. The respective contact surfaces or bearing surfaces between the holding elements and the insulating element can be used as a reference point for the oblique arrangement of the two holding elements and the insulating element lying between them.

The inner holding element and the outer holding element can each be designed as angle parts. The respective angle part comprises two legs, the legs being at right angles to one another.

For stiffening, the legs of a holding element can be connected to one another by side cheeks.

Only one insulation element can be arranged between the respective inner holding element and the respective outer holding element. However, several insulation elements per fastening arrangement would also be conceivable. For example, two insulation elements lying on differently inclined planes could be provided between the inner holding element and the outer holding element.

In the last-mentioned case, ie when two insulation elements are provided between the holding elements, the inner holding element can have two preferably planar bearing surfaces for one insulation element each. One of the bearing surfaces can be aligned horizontally and the other bearing surface can be aligned vertically. The outer holding element then has two corresponding contact surfaces for the respective insulation element on.

For secure positioning, it can be advantageous if the inner holding element has an annular elevation that is introduced into the respective receiving opening of the carrier with a predetermined amount of play. This ring-shaped elevation can thus form the aforementioned receiving area, which is received in the receiving opening of the carrier.

In a further embodiment, the axle can comprise a hollow axle. The hollow axle can be supported on the front side on the inner holding elements. It is particularly advantageous if the hollow axle is in contact on the end face with an active portion on the end face of the annular elevation.

A clamping screw can be passed through the hollow axle, and the attachment of the axles to the carrier using clamping screws is characterized by a high level of security and ease of assembly.

Bushing parts can be inserted into the hollow axle from both end faces via the inner holding elements. The aforementioned clamping screw on the one hand and a clamping nut associated with the clamping screw on the other hand can act on the socket parts directly or indirectly, for example via a washer or spring washers.

Fig. 1

eine stark vereinfachte Darstellung einer Aufzugsanlage in einer Seitenansicht,

Fig. 2

eine vereinfachte seitliche Darstellung eines unteren Teils einer Aufzugskabine der Aufzugsanlage aus Fig. 1, umfassend eine Stützkonstruktion zum Tragen eines Kabinenkörpers der Aufzugskabine und zwei Umlenkeinheiten zum Tragen der Aufzugskabine in Form einer Unterschlingung,

Fig.3

eine Seitenansicht auf eine Stützkonstruktion einer Aufzugskabine gemäss Fig. 2 und auf eine Umlenkrollen aufweisende Umlenkeinheit,

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Explosionsdarstellung der Stützkonstruktion und der Umlenkeinheit aus Fig. 3,

Fig. 5

eine Schnittdarstellung der Stützkonstruktion und der Umlenkeinheit aus Fig.3,

Fig. 6A

eine perspektivische, vergrösserte Darstellung einer Befestigungsanordnung zum Befestigen einer Achse, auf der die Umlenkrollen drehbar gelagert sind, an einen der Träger der Stützkonstruktion aus Fig. 3,

Fig. 6B

die Befestigungsanordnung aus einer anderen Perspektive, und

Fig.7

eine Variante der Stützkonstruktion und der Umlenkeinheit gemäss Fig. 3.

Further individual features and advantages of the invention result from the following descriptions of exemplary embodiments and from the drawings. Show it:

1

a highly simplified representation of an elevator system in a side view,

2

a simplified lateral representation of a lower part of an elevator car of the elevator system 1 , comprising a support structure for carrying a car body of the elevator car and two deflection units for carrying the elevator car in the form of an undersling,

Fig.3

a side view of a support structure of an elevator car according to FIG 2 and on a deflection unit having deflection rollers,

4

a perspective exploded view of the support structure and the deflection unit 3 ,

figure 5

a sectional view of the support structure and the deflection unit Fig.3 ,

Figure 6A

a perspective, enlarged view of a fastening arrangement for fastening an axis on which the deflection rollers are rotatably mounted on one of the carriers of the support structure 3 ,

Figure 6B

the mounting assembly from a different perspective, and

Fig.7

according to a variant of the support structure and the deflection unit 3 .

1 shows an elevator system, designated overall by 1, in a greatly simplified representation. The elevator system 1 has an elevator car 3 (hereinafter abbreviated to “cabin”) that can be moved vertically up and down in an elevator shaft 2 of a building for transporting people or goods. In the opposite direction to the cabin 3, a counterweight 13 connected to the cabin can be moved up and down. The car 3 and the counterweight 13 are moved along vertical guides. The cab 3 has a cab body 4 and a support structure for supporting the cab body 4 . The cabin body 4 comprises a cabin floor 32, side walls 33 and a cabin ceiling 34.

The support means 6 for supporting the cabin 3 and the counterweight 13 can be a rope or several ropes. Of course, other suspension means, for example suspension means in the form of belts, are also conceivable. The movable main components of the elevator installation that have deflection units, ie the car 3 and the counterweight 13 , are connected to one another via suspension means 6 . The two deflection units associated with the cabin 3 are denoted by 30 and 31 .

To move the car 3 and the counterweight 13, a drive 15, for example a traction sheave drive, is used to create a so-called machine-room-less elevator, which is attached, for example, in the area of the shaft head of the elevator shaft 2. Instead of an elevator system without a machine room, the drive 15 with the traction sheave 14 could of course also be arranged in a separate machine room in the area of the shaft head.

The elevator system 1 is designed in a 2:1 suspension configuration. The deflection units 30, 31 assigned to the cabin 3 are connected to one (in the schematic representation of 1 not shown) support structure for supporting the cabin body 4 arranged. The deflection rollers 7, 8 of the deflection units 30, 31 are freely rotatably mounted on axes (also not shown here). The axles are connected to said supporting structure in a particular way, which will be described in detail below, by means of a special fastening arrangement.

the end 2 are some details of an elevator car 3 for an elevator system of the type of 1 recognizable. The support structure carrying the cabin body 4 and designated 5 has horizontal beams 9. In the region of the ends of the beams 9, deflection units 30, 31 with deflection rollers 7, 8 are positioned. The support structure 5 with the supports 9 carry the cabin body 4, which in turn can be designed to be self-supporting. However, the support structure 5 can also be connected to a safety frame surrounding the cabin body 4 or integrated into it.

The deflection rollers 7, 8 are each mounted on an axle 11 so that they can rotate freely. An axis 11 is provided for each deflection unit 30 , 31 . The two axles 11 are arranged in the region of the ends of the supports 9, the axles 11 being positioned in such a way that they are held in the support 9 by means of corresponding axle mounts. For the axle mounts, holes to create receiving openings for the axles 11 were drilled into the respective profiles or introduced using other manufacturing processes. In the present exemplary embodiment, the carriers 9 overlap the deflection rollers 7, 8 and only a comparatively small area of the deflection rollers 7, 8 in the form of a segment of a circle is exposed in the side view.

If the cabin 3 carried by the suspension means 6 in the form of the undersling moves and the deflection rollers 7, 8 arranged at the ends of the carrier 9 are moved, unwanted vibrations can occur which are transmitted to the cabin 3 and thus reduce the driving comfort of people in the cabin have a negative impact and, under certain circumstances, can also affect the operational safety of the elevator system. Isolation elements 10 are therefore provided to isolate the cabin body 4 from vibrations generated by the deflection rollers 7 , 8 moved during cabin travel, which are components of the fastening arrangements for fastening the axles 11 to the carrier 9 . The plate-shaped insulating elements 10 are each sandwiched between holding elements 16, 17 for holding the axle 11 and fixing the axle 11 to the carrier 9. Thanks to the isolation elements 10, the axles 11 are mounted on the support structure 5 in a vibration- and noise-insulating manner. Instead of plate-shaped insulation elements with the flat upper and lower sides shown here, the insulation elements could also be designed in the manner of cushions.

3 Fig. 12 shows a left side of a support structure 5 for supporting the cab body. The right side of the support structure, not shown here, is of the same type, but is designed with a fastening arrangement with the opposite orientation (cf. 2 ).

The two holding elements 16, 17 and the insulating element 10 in between form the already mentioned fastening arrangement for fastening the axle 11 to the carrier 9 running transversely to the vertical direction. The holding element 16 assigned to the receiving opening 12 of the carrier 9 serves to hold the axle 11. The holding element 17 is fixed to the carrier 9. The retaining element 16 surrounding the axis 11 at least in the side view is referred to below as the inner retaining element; accordingly, the holding element 17 is referred to below as the outer holding element. The reference point for the inside and outside of the holding elements 16, 17 is the imaginary or geometric axis of rotation of the axis 11. The outer holding element 17 is - as in 3 can be seen - evidently positioned further away or outside relative to the inner holding element 16 in the radial direction, starting from the imaginary axis of rotation.

The insulation element 10 is designed in the form of a plate. It can be made of rubber or other elastic cushioning material. The insulation element 10 can be, for example, a prefabricated rubber plate which is connected to the two holding elements 16, 17 by means of adhesive. Next, the insulating element 10 through in the Cavity between the holding elements 16, 17 vulcanized rubber material are created. Rubber or an elastomer-based castable material can then be cast into the cavity between the holding elements 16,17.

The outer holding element 17 is screwed onto the carrier 9, for example. However, the outer holding element 17 could also be firmly connected to the carrier by means of a rivet connection or by means of other fastening means. For precise positional fixing, one or more positioning pins (not shown) can also be arranged on the outer holding element 17, which are inserted into complementary pin receptacles (also not shown) assigned to the carrier 9.

The holding elements, ie the inner holding element 16 and the outer holding element 18 and thus also the insulating element 10, are as shown in FIG 3 as can be seen, are arranged on the carrier 9 in an inclined position. Under load, this inclined arrangement causes a resulting force vector that is inclined 45° to the horizontal, resulting in a durable and robust support structure with optimal damping behavior.

Structural details of the axle attachment according to 3 as well as the arrangement of the deflection rollers and their storage are off 4 recognizable. The axle 11 is fastened to the carrier 9 by means of the fastening arrangement which overlaps the receiving opening 12 . How out 4 can be removed, the respective deflection unit 30 has two deflection rollers 7, 7'. The deflection rollers 7, 7' are arranged or accommodated between two parallel carriers 9, 9'. The supports 9, 9' are each designed as C-profiles. Receiving openings 12 in the form of bores for the attachment of the axles 11 are provided at the ends of the carriers 9, 9'.

The supports 9, 9' can be installed in a safety frame for the elevator car. The supports 9, 9' can thus form the so-called lower yoke of the sling frame. The carriers 9, 9' could then contact the cabin body directly or at most indirectly via further insulation elements made of an elastic material and be connected to it. In addition to the supports 9, 9′ provided with the deflection rollers 7, 8, the supporting structure could comprise further elements such as, for example, further transverse supports or support frames.

How the deflection unit 30 with the deflection rollers 7, 7' forming a pair is designed and arranged between the carriers 9, 9' is shown figure 5 recognizable. The two deflection rollers 7, 7' are mounted on the axle 11 so that they can rotate freely. The axle 11 is designed as a hollow axle 24 . The deflection rollers 7 , 7 ′ are each designed to be freely rotatable by means of a roller bearing and have an inner ring 35 and an outer ring 36 . Between the inner ring 35 and the outer ring 36 are the rolling elements 37 formed, for example, by balls. The outer ring 36 has a grooved traction surface which is adapted to the suspension means. The traction surface could have a smooth cylindrical or a domed traction surface instead of grooves.

A spacer shoulder section 38 for spacing the two deflection rollers 7, 7' is provided centrally on the hollow axle. The axle 11 is secured by means of a clamping screw 25. Socket parts 27 are inserted on both sides of the hollow axle 24 . The socket parts 27 are sleeve-shaped and have a flange section which abuts the holding elements 16, 16'.

Bushing parts 27 are inserted into the hollow axle 24 from both end faces via the inner retaining elements 16, with the clamping screw 25 on the one hand and a clamping nut 26 associated with the clamping screw 25 on the other hand acting on the bushing parts 27. Washers 28 are provided for the clamping screw 25 and the clamping nut 26 .

How about from figure 5 shows, the respective fastening arrangement assigned to the carriers are designed in the same way. On the left-hand side of the axle 11, the respective components of the fastening arrangement are designated as follows: inner holding element with 16', outer holding element with 17' and insulation element with 10'. In figure 5 fastening means for fastening the outer holding element 17 or 17' to the carrier 9, 9' are denoted by 39 and indicated by two dashes.

In the Figures 6A and 6B the fastening arrangement consisting of the two holding elements 16, 17 and the insulating element 10 arranged between them is shown again. The holding elements 16, 17 and the insulating element 10 are connected to one another and form a structural unit that can be easily installed to create a respective deflection unit. The holding elements 16, 17 can be seen as each Configured angle parts and have legs that are connected to stiffening by side panels. The legs of the inner retaining element 16 are denoted by 18 and 19; the associated side panels are denoted by 22 . Extended side sections, which enclose the insulating element to the side, adjoin the side walls 22 . How about further Figure 6A it can be seen that the inner retaining element 16 has an annular elevation 23 which can be inserted and received in a receiving opening in the carrier. In the fully assembled state, the annular elevation 23 of the inner retaining element 16 is like the previous one figure 5 shows - received in the shaped as a bore receiving opening 12 in the carrier 9 with play. Sufficient, but narrowly limited mobility can be ensured for the annular gap formed by the loose fit, so that very good damping results can be achieved. The annular elevation 23 is formed on the inner holding element 16 and forms a monolithic molded body with it.

A delimitation of the deflection during a cabin journey can be ensured by a defined lateral gap between the holding elements 16 and 17 . This gap is in Figure 6B recognizable by the gap width marked there with a. The gap with the gap width a also ensures that a possible inclination of the inner holding element 16 in relation to the outer holding element 17 does not exceed a permissible level in the case of load changes caused by the vibrations during the cabin journey. If carrying straps are used to move the cabin, this configuration can also be helpful in preventing an undesirable jump in the strap.

7 shows a fastening arrangement which, in contrast to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figures 3 to 6 has two insulating elements 10 and 21. Between the inner holding element 16 and the outer holding element 17, two insulating elements 10, 21 are provided which are on differently oriented planes. The inner holding element 16 has two planar bearing surfaces for the insulation elements 10, 21. One of the two support surfaces on which the first insulation element 10 rests is aligned horizontally. The other contact surface, on which the second insulation element 21 rests, is aligned vertically. The outer holding element 17 has two corresponding contact surfaces for the respective insulation element 10, 21.

Claims (11)

1. Elevator system having an elevator car (3) which can be moved up and down and is carried by suspension means (6), the elevator car (3) having a car body (4) and a support structure (5) for carrying or supporting the car body (4), deflection rollers (7, 7'; 8, 8') being arranged between two parallel carriers (9, 9') of the support structure (5) and the deflection rollers (7, 7'; 8, 8') each being mounted on a shaft (11) so as to be freely rotatable, the carriers (9, 9') having receiving openings (12) for attaching the shafts (11) and each shaft (11) being fastened to the carrier (9, 9') by means of a fastening arrangement that extends over the receiving opening (12), the fastening arrangement an inner holding element (16) assigned to the receiving opening (12) of the carrier (9, 9') for holding the shaft (11), an outer holding element (17) which is fixed to the carrier (9, 9'), characterized in that in order to insulate the car body (4) from vibrations generated by the deflection rollers moved during a car journey, the fastening arrangement has at least one planar insulation element (10, 21), the at least one insulation element (10, 21) being sandwiched between the inner holding element (16) and the outer holding element (17).
2. Elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer holding element (17) is screwed onto the carrier (9, 9').
3. Elevator according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the inner holding element (16) and the outer holding element (17) are arranged in an inclined position on the carrier (9, 9').
4. Elevator according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inner holding element (16) and the outer holding element (17) are each designed as angle parts.
5. Elevator according to claim 4, characterized in that the holding elements (16, 17) designed as angle parts have legs (18, 19) which are connected to one another by side walls (22) for reinforcement.
6. Elevator according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that two insulation elements (10, 21) are provided between the inner holding element (16) and the outer holding element (17).
7. Elevator according to claim 6, characterized in that the inner holding element (16) has two bearing surfaces for one insulation element (10, 21) in each case, one of the two bearing surfaces being oriented horizontally and the other bearing surface being oriented vertically, and in that the outer holding element (17) has two bearing surfaces corresponding thereto for the relevant insulation element (10, 21).
8. Elevator according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the inner holding element (16) has an annular elevation (23) which is inserted into the relevant receiving opening (12) with a predetermined clearance.
9. Elevator according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the shaft (11) comprises a hollow shaft (24), the hollow shaft (24) being supported on the end face on the inner holding elements (17, 17').
10. Elevator according to claim 9, characterized in that a clamping screw (25) is passed through the hollow shaft (24).
11. Elevator according to claim 10, characterized in that bushing parts (27) are inserted into the hollow shaft (24) from both end faces via the inner holding elements (16) and in that the clamping screw (25), at one face, and a clamping nut (26) belonging to the clamping screw (25), at the other face, pressurize the bushing parts (27).

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