EP3667038B1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur abscheidung von ölnebel einer brennkraftmaschine. - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und verfahren zur abscheidung von ölnebel einer brennkraftmaschine. Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3667038B1
EP3667038B1 EP19215033.2A EP19215033A EP3667038B1 EP 3667038 B1 EP3667038 B1 EP 3667038B1 EP 19215033 A EP19215033 A EP 19215033A EP 3667038 B1 EP3667038 B1 EP 3667038B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
filtering
internal combustion
combustion engine
oil mist
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EP19215033.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3667038A1 (de
Inventor
Giovanni CAPUTO
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FPT Industrial SpA
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FPT Industrial SpA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F01M13/0416—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil arranged in valve-covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F01M2013/0422—Separating oil and gas with a centrifuge device
    • F01M2013/0427—Separating oil and gas with a centrifuge device the centrifuge device having no rotating part, e.g. cyclone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F01M2013/0433—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil with a deflection device, e.g. screen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F01M2013/0438—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil with a filter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for the separation of oil mist of an internal combustion engine, according to the preamble of claim 1, which corresponds to document DE10127817A1 .
  • crankcase ventilation circuit which is designed to release to the outside of the crankcase itself the so-called "blow-by" gases, namely those gases that leak from the cylinders into the crankcase past the sealing segments of the pistons.
  • the ventilation is necessary both to prevent the pressure on the inside of the crankcase from increasing and to make up for volume changes due to the motion of the pistons.
  • Blow-by gases contain atomized oil drops as well as other impurities, such as for example unburnt particles of a carbon nature (particulate matter).
  • the ventilation circuit can be of an open type, namely it releases blow-by gases into the atmosphere, or it can be of a closed type, namely it is connected to the intake duct of the internal combustion engine in order to ensure the complete combustion of the particulate matter. In this case, there is a blow-by gas "recirculation".
  • the oil and the particulate matter need to be separated from the gases for evident environment and health protection reasons (the particulate matter has carcinogenic effects)
  • the oil and the particular matter need to be eliminated in order not to deteriorate the components of engine coming into contact with the recirculated flow up to the combustion chamber.
  • oil residues and particulate matter have a tendency to form residual sediments.
  • the cyclone filter on the other hand, does not even exceed 50% in terms of filtering power and, therefore, its use has been long abandoned.
  • the object of the invention is to offer a lubricant oil mist separation device for the separation of lubricant drops from the blow-by gases of the crankcase, said separation device allowing manufacturers to overcome, in a simple and economic fashion, the drawbacks arising from the known purifying devices mentioned above.
  • the cyclone filter and the impactor separator are sized so as to obtain a moderate separation of the oil mist.
  • one single cyclone filter with low tangential speeds allows for a limitation of the load loss offered by the separation device as a whole. Consequently, as far as the impactor separator following the cyclone filter is concerned, it does not need to have a filtering power exceeding 70%, so that low load losses of the filtering assembly, as a whole, are ensured.
  • the filtering assembly only includes the aforesaid three filters, strictly in this succession.
  • the separation device preferably comprises one single casing, in which three distinct housings are obtained, which house, respectively, the aforesaid filters; in particular, said housings can be accessed through one single common lid.
  • the casing comprises at least one inlet and at least one outlet and comprises a pneumatic path, which establishes a communication between said at least one inlet and said at least one outlet and crosses the aforesaid three housings, so that the gases flow through the aforesaid filters according to the sequence described above.
  • the pneumatic path preferably is such as to lead the gas flow along an oscillatory motion towards and away from a bottom wall of the casing.
  • the gas covers, in the separation device, a U-shaped path: a first part of the path entails flowing through the aforesaid three filters, whereas the remaining part of the path is approximately straight.
  • the gas covers, in the separation device, a U-shaped path having an inversion of motion, which is accomplished inside a valve body used to adjust the pressure established inside the crankcase of the internal combustion engine.
  • second component does not imply the presence of a "first” component.
  • these terms are only used as labels to improve clarity and should not be interpreted in a limiting manner.
  • Figure 1 shows an exploded view of an example of separation device D according to the invention, according to a perspective view with exploded parts.
  • the separation device D comprises a casing H with side walls LW projecting perpendicular to a substantially flat bottom wall F, therefore the casing H substantially is a right and hollow prism.
  • the casing H further comprises a lid LD, which is distinct from the remaining parts and is designed to operatively come into contact with the side walls so as to close the casing H, thus preventing the gas to be filtered from leaking into the atmosphere before the dispersed oil mist is recovered by means of the filtering assembly contained in the casing H.
  • a lid LD which is distinct from the remaining parts and is designed to operatively come into contact with the side walls so as to close the casing H, thus preventing the gas to be filtered from leaking into the atmosphere before the dispersed oil mist is recovered by means of the filtering assembly contained in the casing H.
  • the casing H has a substantially oblong shape along an axis Z; the filtering assembly consists of a labyrinth filter L, a cyclone filter C and an impactor separator W, in the same order as listed, arranged along the axis Z. Therefore, the gas flowing through the separation device D, at first, is purified from large-sized oil drops by means of the labyrinth filter and, then, it is further purified by means of the cyclone filter C, which, as it is known, uses a centrifugal acceleration to force the remaining drops of oil towards and along the walls of the filter. Finally, the gas is led through the impactor separator W.
  • the axis Z of the separation device D is parallel to the bottom wall F.
  • the coexistence of the cyclone filter C and of the impactor separator W, downstream of the labyrinth filter L, allows for low load losses of the filtering assembly as a whole.
  • the labyrinth filter L is preferably designed so as to only eliminate macro-drops and to offer, for example, a filtering power up to 5%.
  • labyrinth filters can offer a filtering power or efficiency up to 40%.
  • the cyclone filter C is preferably designed so as to have a filtering power up to 30%. However, generally speaking, cyclone filters C can offer a filtering power or efficiency up to 60%.
  • the impactor separator W is designed so as to have a filtering power of 70% - 75%.
  • impactor separators can reach a filtering power or efficiency up to 90%.
  • the solution suggested herein consists of three filtering stages in series, the first stage to which the flow is subjected being defined by the labyrinth filter L, second stage by the cyclone filter C and the third stage by the impactor separator W.
  • This arrangement allows for a progressive reduction of the oil drops, namely for a reduction of the number and/or dimensions of the drops, stage after stage.
  • the filtering power increases from the first to the second stage and, then, from the second to the third stage.
  • the quantity of oil reaching the third filtering stage which is defined by the impactor separator, is progressively reduced by the two preceding filtering stages, so that the degree of dirt of the impactor separator W is significantly more limited compared to known solutions, in which this last type of filter is used alone, without previous filtering stages.
  • the solution suggested herein has a relatively long duration, for example a duration corresponding to approximately 300,000 km covered by the vehicle, so that it basically needs no maintenance or replacements.
  • the overall efficiency of the filtering assembly is extremely high, especially thanks to the third stage defined by the impactor separator W.
  • the impactor separator W comprises a chamber, preferably with a parallelepiped shape flattened along the axis Z, having an inlet I and an outlet U arranged in opposite points of the chamber so as that the gas flowing through it is subjected to two relevant deflections of approximately 90°.
  • the inlet I is defined by at least one nozzle arranged in a position such as to direct a corresponding flow along an axis A towards an impact wall P, which is arranged orthogonally to the axis A.
  • the axis A preferably is parallel to the axis Z.
  • the outlet U is obtained on the wall P and has an axis B, which is parallel to and spaced apart from the axis A.
  • the inlet I and the outlet U are spaced apart from one another along the axis A and along an axis Y, which is orthogonal to the axes A and B.
  • the axis Y is orthogonal to the bottom wall F.
  • the inlet I is defined by two nozzles spaced apart from one another along a direction, which is orthogonal to the axis A and to the direction Y.
  • the nozzles defining the inlet I are preferably shaped so as to accelerate the flow, namely the converge towards the wall P.
  • a coalescent material mat M Inside the chamber and axially in front of the inlet I there preferably is a coalescent material mat M.
  • the mat M is supported in a fixed position by the wall P, so that it is axially spaced apart from the nozzles.
  • the flow is directed by the nozzles towards the mat M, so that the oil drops hit the mat M (or the wall P, if there is no mat M) and merge through coalescence, while the gases are deflected by approximately 90° along the axis Y so as to reach the outlet U, which is also indicated by the flow line shown in figure 3 .
  • the outlet U is obtained on the outside of the perimeter of the mat M. According to a variant which is not shown herein, the outlet U is obtained on the inside of the perimeter of the mat M.
  • the oil recovered by the three filters slides downwards, namely towards the bottom F, due to the weight force and is collected in a recovery duct (not shown), which leads the oil back to the oil pan of the internal combustion engine through a return pipe (not shown).
  • a non-return valve is arranged along the return pipe.
  • the separation device D preferably further comprises a regulating valve V. It is arranged downstream of the filtering assembly so as to allow the gas to be drained to the outside in case of overpressure or so as to choke the recirculation of the blow-by gases, in order to maintain a pressure, in the crankcase of the internal combustion engine, within a predetermined pressure range. It is evident that the possibly released gas is purified from oil mist.
  • the housings which respectively house the three filters of the filtering assembly, and the regulating valve V are aligned along the axis Z of the casing H.
  • the gas reverses its motion, thus flowing back in an opposite direction compared to the one used to flow through the filtering assembly.
  • the gas follows a U-shaped path having a first portion, upstream of said inversion, and a second portion, downstream of said motion inversion; the first portion entails the crossing of the filtering assembly, while the second portion is approximately straight.
  • FIG. 2 shows the pneumatic path of the gas to be filtered by means of thick arrows, wherein the pneumatic path preferably starts from a first inlet IN1, which is obtained in a side wall of said casing H, and from a second inlet IN2, which is obtained in said bottom wall F, towards one single outlet OUT, which is arranged on the other side wall of the casing H, opposite the side wall where the first inlet IN1 is obtained.
  • Figure 3 shows, in a longitudinal section, the separation device D, perpendicular to the bottom wall F and to the lid LD.
  • the lid LD is parallel to the bottom wall F at least over a relative portion.
  • Figure 3 shows the first portion of the U-shaped path, which entails the crossing of the filtering assembly.
  • the first portion of the U-shaped path has an oscillatory motion towards and away from a bottom wall F of the casing.
  • the heights Q1 and Q2, according to a direction that is perpendicular to the bottom wall F, namely parallel to the axis Y, of the cyclone filter C and of the impactor separator W, respectively, are different from one another and, in particular, Q1 is greater than Q2.
  • the separation device D described herein is designed to be associated with an internal combustion engine with one or two banks. Therefore, the inlet IN2 obtained in the bottom wall F of the casing H can be absent.
  • the bottom wall F is going to be operatively horizontal, namely parallel to the ground, so as to operatively convey the collected oil in a return pipe (not shown), which is connected to the oil pan of the internal combustion engine.
  • the regulating valve V comprises a movable fan Vs, which is kept in position by a helical retaining spring S, which is arranged perpendicular to the bottom wall F, as it is shown in figure 3 .
  • the movable fan Vs moves against the effect of the retaining spring S and, hence, allows the gas to flow through an outlet Vout of the valve ( figure 1 ), which is obtained in the lid LD.
  • the movable spring VS moves in an opposite direction so as to adjust the flow of blow-by gas, thus adjusting the pressure on the inside of the crankcase of the internal combustion engine.
  • the lid LD forms a portion of the valve body V.
  • Figure 4 shows a view from the top of the separation device D, namely a view that is perpendicular to the bottom wall F, where, though, the lid is transparent.
  • the three filters define respective modules engaging the respective housings in the casing H and distinct from one another, so that they can be mounted independently of one another.
  • the three filters can preferably be removed from their housings and, hence, be replaced independently of one another.
  • the U-shaped pneumatic path is accomplished regardless of the presence, in the relative housings, of all three filters.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Ölnebelabscheidevorrichtung (D) einer Brennkraftmaschine, wobei die Vorrichtung eine Filteranordnung umfasst, die aus einem vorbereitenden Filter, einem Zyklonfilter (C) und einem weiteren Filter besteht, die von einem Gas, in dem der Ölnebel verteilt ist, durchströmt werden sollen; der Zyklonfilter (C) in der Reihenfolge nach dem vorbereitenden Filter angeordnet ist und der weitere Filter in der Reihenfolge nach dem Zyklonfilter angeordnet ist;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vorbereitende Filter ein Labyrinthfilter (L) ist und der weitere Filter ein Impaktorabscheider ist.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, die ein einzelnes Gehäuse (H) umfasst, in dem drei Gehäuse vorgesehen sind, wobei die Gehäuse jeweils mit den Filtern in Eingriff sind und das Gehäuse mindestens einen Einlass (IN; IN1, IN2), einen einzelnen Auslass (OUT) und einen pneumatischen Pfad, der den mindestens einen Einlass mit dem einen einzelnen Auslass durch die drei Gehäuse verbindet, aufweist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Gehäuse die Form eines geraden Prismas in Bezug auf eine Bodenwand (F) besitzt und der pneumatische Pfad derart ausgelegt ist, dass er den Gasdurchfluss entlang einer schwingenden Bewegung zu der und weg von der Bodenwand einleitet.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die ein Steuerventil (V) umfasst, das geeignet ist, einen Druck im Kurbelgehäuse der Brennkraftmaschine in einem im Voraus definierten Druckbereich zu halten; wobei
    das Ventil stromabwärts der Filteranordnung angeordnet ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, wobei der pneumatische Pfad gemäß einer Projektion auf die Bodenwand (F) eine U-Form aufweist und in einem Ventilkörper des Steuerventils (V) eine Umkehrung der Richtung erreicht wird.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, wobei der U-förmige Pfad einen ersten Abschnitt stromaufwärts der Umkehrung und einen zweiten Abschnitt, stromabwärts der Umkehrung umfasst und der erste Abschnitt des Pfads die Kreuzung der Filteranordnung bedingt, während der zweite Abschnitt annähernd geradlinig ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, wobei ein erster Einlass (IN1) in einer Seitenwand des Gehäuses vorgesehen ist und ein zweiter Einlass (IN2) in der Bodenwand vorgesehen ist.
  8. Brennkraftmaschine, die eine Ölnebelabscheidevorrichtung (D) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 7 umfasst.
  9. Verfahren zum Abscheiden eines Ölnebels einer Brennkraftmaschine, das eine Filterprozedur umfasst, die der Reihe nach aus einem ersten Filtern mittels eines Labyrinthfilters (L), einem zweiten Filtern mittels eines Zyklonfilters (C) und einem dritten Filtern mittels eines Impaktorabscheiders (W) besteht.
  10. Landfahrzeug, das eine Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 8 umfasst.
EP19215033.2A 2018-12-10 2019-12-10 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur abscheidung von ölnebel einer brennkraftmaschine. Active EP3667038B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102018000010913A IT201800010913A1 (it) 2018-12-10 2018-12-10 Dispositivo e metodo di separazione di vapori di olio lubrificante di un motore a combustione interna

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3667038A1 EP3667038A1 (de) 2020-06-17
EP3667038B1 true EP3667038B1 (de) 2022-11-30

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EP19215033.2A Active EP3667038B1 (de) 2018-12-10 2019-12-10 Vorrichtung und verfahren zur abscheidung von ölnebel einer brennkraftmaschine.

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EP (1) EP3667038B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2932877T3 (de)
IT (1) IT201800010913A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2917048A1 (es) * 2022-01-13 2022-07-06 Centro De Investig Energeticas Medioambientales Y Tecnologicas Ciemat Sistema de retencion de particulas mediante sistemas inerciales para particulas finas y ultrafinas
CN114790952B (zh) * 2022-05-10 2024-02-27 广西玉柴动力股份有限公司 一种加入水套结构的气缸盖罩用油气分离器

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19700733C2 (de) * 1997-01-11 2001-11-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Kurbelgehäuse-Entlüftung durch die Zylinderkopfhaube mit integrierten Zusatzfunktionen
DE10127817A1 (de) * 2001-06-07 2002-12-12 Bosch Gmbh Robert Ölabscheidevorrichtung für Kurbelgehäusegase einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine
JP4075714B2 (ja) * 2003-07-11 2008-04-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 内燃機関のブリーザ室構造
KR101335763B1 (ko) * 2011-11-16 2013-12-02 인지컨트롤스 주식회사 내연기관용 세퍼레이터
JP2016113999A (ja) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-23 アイシン精機株式会社 オイルミスト分離装置

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Publication number Publication date
IT201800010913A1 (it) 2020-06-10
EP3667038A1 (de) 2020-06-17
ES2932877T3 (es) 2023-01-27

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