EP3666978A1 - Ramp for a sheet element - Google Patents

Abstract

A ramp (10) comprises a ramp element (1) and a holding element (2), the ramp element having an edge (3) which has a first height and a shoulder (4) which has a second height. The first height is smaller than the second height, with a support surface (5) extending between the edge (3) and the shoulder (4), which forms the underside of the ramp element (1) and between the edge (3) and the heel (4) extends an inclined surface (6) which forms the top of the ramp element (1), the holding element (2) having an upper side (7) and a lower side (8). The holding element (2) adjoins the shoulder (4), so that the height between the upper side (7) of the holding element (2) and the lower side (8) of the holding element (2) is less than the height of the shoulder (4). The ramp (10) contains a first elastomer and a second elastomer.

Description

The invention relates to a ramp for a plate element, for example a steel plate, which can be used to cover construction pits on traffic routes.

According to common practice, steel plates are placed on the excavation pit to cover them. To prevent the steel plate from moving when vehicles drive over the steel plate, the steel plate is fastened to the edges with asphalt to form a ramp. It has been found that this fastening often has to be replaced, since the asphalt can become brittle and lose its holding function. After the construction work has been completed, the asphalt has to be disposed of so that there is an effort to attach the steel plate, repair and maintenance work may be required, and after the construction work has been completed, dismantling and disposal of the asphalt is necessary. Therefore, considerations were made to reduce this effort. For example, in the US 20020184718 A1 discloses a reusable ramp which is plugged onto the steel plate at the edges thereof and enables the vehicles to drive gently over the ramp and the adjoining steel plate largely without introducing an abruptly acting impact force. The ramp has a shoulder element which is designed as a groove into which the steel plate can be inserted. The groove base is selected to match the thickness of the steel plate and the boundary of the groove is formed by a projection which is elastically prestressed so that the projection can exert a compressive force on the steel plate and thus the steel plate is held fixed in the ramp. With this solution, the above-mentioned effort for creating and removing such a cover is eliminated. However, due to its exact fit, this ramp is only suitable for steel plates of a certain thickness. This means that ramps with different groove dimensions must be kept in stock for steel plates of different thicknesses. The ramps are placed in such a way that the groove extends essentially transversely to the direction of travel. This means that the ramp extends essentially across the width of the road. In the case of precipitation, it can happen that rainwater is present or jams after a ramp. This rainwater cannot drain off because the weight of the steel plate means that the ramp lies tightly on the road surface. The ramp according to CH711063 B2 allows for an improvement, since a head start is no longer required. However, the holding element has a surface that is essentially parallel to the substrate, so that a water film can also form at least on the holding element. In particular, if the holding element in the vicinity of the heel is subjected to greater loads than in the region of the edge opposite the heel, in the event of an increased service life, dents can form in which water can accumulate.

There is therefore a need for an improved ramp which has increased grip even when it is raining or snowing.

This object is achieved by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous exemplary embodiments result from the subject matter of the dependent claims.

When the term "for example" is used in the following description, this term refers to exemplary embodiments and / or embodiments, which is not necessarily to be understood as a more preferred application of the teaching of the invention. Similarly, the terms "preferred", "preferred" are to be understood to refer to an example from a set of exemplary embodiments and / or embodiments, which is not necessarily to be understood as a preferred application of the teaching of the invention. Accordingly, the terms “for example”, “preferably” or “preferred” can refer to a plurality of exemplary embodiments and / or specific embodiments.

The following detailed description contains various exemplary embodiments for the ramp according to the invention. The description of a specific ramp is only to be regarded as an example. In the description and the claims, the terms "contain", "comprise", "have" are interpreted as "contain, but not limited to".

A ramp comprises a ramp element and a holding element. The ramp element has an edge which has a first height and a shoulder which has a second height. The first height is less than the second height. A support surface, which forms the underside of the ramp element, extends between the edge and the shoulder, and an inclination surface, which forms the top side of the ramp element, extends between the edge and the shoulder. The holding element has an upper side and an underside. The holding element connects to the heel. The height between the top of the holding element and the bottom of the holding element is less than the height of the heel. The height is understood to mean the dimension in a direction that extends normally to the support surface, that is to say, in particular, extends normally to the underside of the ramp element and to the underside of the holding element. The height is thus measured from the contact surface in the normal direction to this contact surface. The ramp contains a first elastomer and a second elastomer. The use of two elastomers not only increases the shock-absorbing properties of the ramp, but also enables it to be used safely in any weather conditions, especially in wet conditions.

According to one embodiment, the proportion of the first elastomer is 25% to 35% by weight. According to one exemplary embodiment, the proportion of the second elastomer is 10% by weight to 25% by weight. In particular, if the proportion of the first elastomer is greater than the proportion of the second elastomer, the properties of the first elastomer can contribute to improving the grip of the surface of the ramp.

According to one embodiment, the proportion of volatile substances is a maximum of 7% by weight. The low proportion of volatile substances enables the ramp to be used safely in closed rooms, for example halls, parking garages and the like. Even with high levels of heat, the percentage of volatile substances that can evaporate is low, so that the ramp can also be used safely in closed rooms.

According to one embodiment, the proportion of fillers is from 33% by weight to 65% by weight. Adequate hardness and Abrasion resistance of the ramp can be achieved in order to use the ramp for several years of operation on construction sites. In one example, carbon black and calcium carbonate can be used as fillers. According to a further exemplary embodiment, the fillers contain carbon black and silicon dioxide. According to one embodiment, the fillers contain carbon black and calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide and traces of zinc oxide, magnesium, iron or aluminum.

According to one embodiment, the first elastomer contains acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). NBR has a high resistance to oils, greases and hydrocarbons. In addition, NBR is characterized by favorable aging behavior, so that weather-resistant ramps can be manufactured. The low abrasion increases the lifespan of the ramp.

According to one embodiment, the second elastomer contains styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR). The addition of styrene-butadiene rubber can improve the weather resistance of the ramp.

According to one embodiment, the holding element or the ramp element has openings which are suitable for draining liquids, for example water. In particular, the openings can be connected to recesses for draining liquids.

According to one embodiment, the ramp element or the holding element contains a porous material. In particular, the openings can be formed by pores of the porous material. According to one embodiment, the pores have a pore size in the range from 0.001 to 5 mm. In particular, the pores can have a pore size of 0.01 to 5 mm. According to one embodiment, the pores can have a pore size of 0.01 to 2 mm. According to one embodiment, the pores can have a pore size of 0.01 to 1 mm.

The height of the holding element can be greater in the area of the heel than at the end of the holding element which lies opposite the heel.

The ramp element is essentially wedge-shaped in cross section. According to this exemplary embodiment, the ramp element forms a wedge, the cross section of which can be essentially triangular, square or trapezoidal.

The height of the ramp element gradually increases in the direction of travel before the vehicle reaches the plate element, so that a vehicle can roll over the ramp element without any significant impacts being transmitted to the wheels.

According to one embodiment, the angle of inclination of the inclined surface can be different. In particular, the inclined surface can have a first inclined surface section and a second inclined surface section. The first inclined surface section can enclose a larger inclined angle with the support surface than the second inclined surface section. In particular, the maximum inclination angle of the second inclination surface section can be less than 20 degrees, preferably less than 15 degrees. The minimum inclination angle of the first inclination surface section can be at least 3 degrees larger than the minimum inclination angle of the second inclination surface section. The minimum inclination angle of the first inclination surface section can preferably be at least 10 degrees.

Then there is a holding element on the side of the wedge that has the greatest overall height. The plate element is placed on the holding element. The height of the holding element and the thickness of the plate element advantageously correspond to the height of the wedge at its highest point, that is to say the height of the heel. However, the thickness of the plate element can also be less or greater than the optimal thickness, so that the ramp can also be used for plate elements of different thicknesses.

The plate element can in particular be a steel plate. The ramp can also be used for plate elements made of other materials, such as plastic plates, boards or the like.

According to one embodiment, the underside of the holding element and the support surface lie on a common plane. This embodiment is advantageous if the entire support element is to lie sealingly on a flat surface. This level contact surface on the level surface can prevent rainwater from getting into the pit from the road. Due to the dead weight of the plate element, the holding element is pressed onto the ground in such a way that a seal can take place if the ramp extends completely around the plate element.

In particular, the top of the holding element can be formed essentially parallel to the underside of the holding element. As a result, the plate element can lie flat on the holding element and the dead weight of the plate element can be introduced evenly into the holding element. The ramp element is preferably manufactured in one piece together with the holding element, that is to say it is designed as a single component, the entire ramp being able to consist of the same material. The ramp preferably contains an elastic material, for example an elastic plastic, in particular rubber or rubber compounds.

The underside of the ramp element and / or the underside of the holding element can have at least one recess. Such a recess serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which can enter between the support surface, that is to say the underside of the ramp element and the surface of the subsurface, for example due to unevenness in the subsurface. The liquid is collected in this recess and can be drained off, for example, in the direction of a water collection system located at the edge of the road. The roadway itself often has a corresponding inclination that promotes the drainage of liquid. According to a further embodiment variant, the liquid collecting in the recess can be removed in that the channel is compressed by the loading of the ramp element by a vehicle traveling over it in such a way that the channel is pressed together and the liquid therein is consequently displaced from the channel. The channel can have a rectangular, semicircular, polygonal, trapezoidal, slot-like, triangular or polygonal cross section.

According to one embodiment, the top of the ramp element can have a marking. This marking can serve, in particular, to make the ramp element optically recognizable for approaching vehicles, so that vehicle drivers can become aware of the ramp element before reaching the ramp element and can adapt the driving speed accordingly.

In particular, the marking can be configured as an optical marking, which in particular comprises security strips. Optionally, the marking can also be designed as part of a traffic control system. The marking can be luminous, luminous or reflective. In particular, the ramp element can contain a fluorescent material that stores daylight and glows in the dark.

According to one embodiment, the ramp can be assembled from several sub-elements. As a result, the ramp can be adapted to the dimensions of different plate elements. If necessary, the ramp can also be used for wooden boards, for example to create temporary pedestrian crossings.

In particular, the ramps can be designed such that they can accommodate a corner of a plate element, such as a steel plate or a wooden board. Furthermore, several ramps can be assembled in a modular manner according to each of the exemplary embodiments, so that a different number of ramps can be used depending on the length or width of the plate element.

According to one embodiment, the surface of the inclined surface and / or the holding element can be rough or water-repellent. The adhesion can be improved by increasing the roughness of the surface, so that it is not possible for the support element to slide off. In particular, this can reduce the risk of falling for two-wheelers.

According to one embodiment, a seal can be provided to protect against water drainage into the construction pit. Furthermore, recesses can also be provided on the inclination surfaces in order to drain off liquid. The Recesses can be formed, for example, as grooves which extend parallel to the front surface or at an angle thereto over at least part of the inclination surface.

• Fig. 1a eine Ansicht einer Rampe nach einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel von oben,
• Fig. 1b einen Schnitt durch die Rampe gemäss Fig. 1,
• Fig. 2 eine Ansicht einer Rampe nach einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Fig. 3 eine Ansicht einer Rampe nach einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Fig. 4 eine Ansicht einer Anordnung von mehreren Rampen nach einem vierten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Fig. 5 ein Detail eines Halteelements nach einem fünften Ausführungsbeispiel,
• Fig. 6 eine schematische Darstellung einer Änderung des Porendurchmessers für eine Rampe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispiele,
• Fig. 7 Resultate einer TGA-Analyse für eine Rampe einer ersten exemplarischen Zusammensetzung,
• Fig. 8 Resultate einer TGA-Analyse für eine Rampe einer zweiten exemplarischen Zusammensetzung,
• Fig. 9 Resultate einer TGA-Analyse für eine Rampe einer dritten exemplarischen Zusammensetzung,
• Fig. 10 Resultate einer TGA-Analyse für eine Rampe einer vierten exemplarischen Zusammensetzung.

The ramp according to the invention is illustrated below using an exemplary embodiment. Show it

• Fig. 1a a view of a ramp according to a first embodiment from above,
• Fig. 1b a section through the ramp Fig. 1 ,
• Fig. 2 2 shows a view of a ramp according to a second exemplary embodiment,
• Fig. 3 2 shows a view of a ramp according to a third exemplary embodiment,
• Fig. 4 2 shows a view of an arrangement of several ramps according to a fourth exemplary embodiment,
• Fig. 5 4 shows a detail of a holding element according to a fifth exemplary embodiment,
• Fig. 6 1 shows a schematic representation of a change in the pore diameter for a ramp according to one of the preceding exemplary embodiments,
• Fig. 7 Results of a TGA analysis for a ramp of a first exemplary composition,
• Fig. 8 Results of a TGA analysis for a ramp of a second exemplary composition,
• Fig. 9 Results of a TGA analysis for a ramp of a third exemplary composition,
• Fig. 10 Results of a TGA analysis for a ramp of a fourth exemplary composition.

Fig. 1a shows a view of a ramp 10 according to a first embodiment. The ramp 10 according to Fig. 1 comprises a ramp element 1 and a holding element 2. The ramp element 1 has an edge 3 which has a first height and a shoulder 4 which has a second height. The first height is less than that second height. In particular, the first height can be 0 cm if the edge 3 forms a tip. A support surface 5 extends between the edge 3 and the shoulder 4 and is formed at least partially by the underside of the ramp element 1. An inclined surface 6, which forms the upper side of the ramp element 1, extends between the edge 3 and the shoulder 4. The holding element 2 has an upper side 7 and an underside 8. The holding element 2 adjoins the paragraph 4. The height between the upper side 7 of the holding element and the lower side 8 of the holding element is less than the height of the shoulder 4.

According to an embodiment not shown, the angle of inclination of the inclined surface 6 can be different. In particular, the inclined surface can have a first inclined surface section and can have a second inclined surface section. The first inclined surface section can enclose a larger inclined angle with the support surface than the second inclined surface section. In particular, the maximum inclination angle of the second inclination surface section can be less than 20 degrees, preferably less than 15 degrees. The minimum inclination angle of the second inclination surface section can preferably be at least 3 degrees, in particular at least 5 degrees. The minimum inclination angle of the first inclination surface section can be at least 3 degrees larger than the minimum inclination angle of the second inclination surface section. The minimum inclination angle of the first inclination surface section can preferably be at least 10 degrees.

The cross section of the ramp element 1 is essentially wedge-shaped. Through the ramp element is according to Fig. 1 a wedge is formed, the cross section of which is essentially triangular, quadrangular or trapezoidal.

The height of the ramp element 1 gradually increases in the direction of travel until the vehicle has the plate element 100 (see Fig. 5 ) is reached, so that a vehicle can roll over the ramp element 1 without significant impacts being transmitted to the wheels. The holding element 2 adjoins the side of the wedge that has the greatest overall height. The plate element 100 is on the holding element 2 hung up. The height of the holding element 2 and the thickness of the plate element 100 advantageously correspond to the height of the wedge at its highest point, that is to say the height of the heel 4. However, the thickness of the plate element 100 can also be less or greater than the optimal thickness, so that the Ramp 10 can also be used for plate elements 100 of different thicknesses.

The plate element 100 can in particular be a steel plate, but the ramp 10 can also be used for other plate elements 100, such as plastic plates, boards or the like.

According to one embodiment, the underside 8 of the holding element 2 and the support surface 5 are on a common plane. This exemplary embodiment is advantageous if the entire ramp 10 is to lie on a flat surface in a sealing manner. This level contact surface on a level surface prevents rainwater from getting into the pit or the excavation area from the road. Due to the dead weight of the steel plate, the holding element 2 is pressed onto the substrate in such a way that sealing can take place when the ramp 10 surrounds the plate element 100.

In particular, the upper side 7 of the holding element 2 can be formed essentially parallel to the lower side 8 of the holding element 2, which, for example, in section in FIG Fig. 1b is shown. As a result, the plate element 100 can lie flat on the holding element 2 and the dead weight of the plate element 100 can be introduced evenly into the holding element 2. The ramp element 1 and the holding element 2 are preferably made in one piece, in particular the ramp 10 containing a first elastomer and a second elastomer. The use of a mixture of a first and two elastomers has surprisingly shown that the slip resistance can be increased significantly in the event of rain or snow.

The holding element 2 or the ramp element 1 can have openings 25 which are suitable for draining water. The openings can have any shape, for example openings 25 with a cuboid or cylindrical volume are shown.

The underside of the ramp element 1 and / or the underside of the holding element 2 can have at least one recess 9, 19. Such a recess serves as a collecting channel for liquid, in particular water, which can occur, for example due to unevenness in the subsurface, between the contact surface 5 of the ramp element 1 and the surface of the subsurface. Such a recess 9, 10 can be in fluid-conducting connection with at least one opening 25. In the two in Fig. 1b The recesses 9, 19 shown are collected on liquid impinging on the ramp element 1 or the holding element 2 and can be drained off, for example, in the direction of a water collection system located at the edge of the roadway. The roadway itself often has a corresponding inclination that promotes the drainage of liquid. The recesses 9, 19 are components of channels that can extend, for example, along the entire bearing surface 5. The channels can extend parallel to the edge 3 of the ramp element 1 inside the ramp element. Such a channel can run in a straight line or also have a curvature.

According to a further embodiment variant, the liquid accumulating in the recess 9, 19 can be removed in that the channel is compressed by the load on the ramp element 1 by a vehicle traveling over it in such a way that the channel is pressed together and the liquid therein is removed from the channel is ousted. The channel can have a rectangular, semicircular, polygonal, trapezoidal, slot-like, triangular or polygonal cross section.

Fig. 2 shows a view of a ramp 20 according to a second embodiment, which for receiving a corner of a plate element 100 (see Fig. 4 ) is trained. Like the ramp 10 according to the previous exemplary embodiment, the ramp 20 has a ramp element 1 and a holding element 2. The ramp element 1 has an inclination surface 6 and a support surface 5. The support surface 5 and the inclination surface 6 extend from the edge 3 to the shoulder 4. The shoulder 4 forms a stop for the plate element. The ramp 20 has a further ramp element 11. The ramp element 11 has one Inclination surface 16 and a support surface 15. The support surface 15 and the inclination surface 16 extend from the edge 13 to the shoulder 14. The shoulder 14 forms a stop for the plate element 100. A connecting element 12 can be arranged between the ramp element 1 and the ramp element 11. According to the present exemplary embodiment, the edge 3 continues to the connecting element 12, likewise the edge 13 continues to the connecting element 12. The thickness of the connecting element increases from that through the continuations of the edge 3, 13 to the intersection of the planes of the shoulders 4, 14. This results in an essentially smooth transition to the inclined surfaces 6, 16.

According to the in Fig. 4 In the embodiment variant shown, instead of a connecting element 12 with a triangular inclined surface 16, a connecting element can be provided which has a curve.

Fig. 3 shows a view of a ramp 30 according to a third exemplary embodiment, which is designed to receive a corner of a plate element 100. This ramp faces one Fig. 2 simplified embodiment. All elements that are also in Fig. 2 are shown are designated in the same way. For the description of these elements is on Fig. 2 referred. In contrast to Fig. 2 is in Fig. 3 the connecting element 12 omitted. So that there is no formation of a sharp edge, in particular in the area of the intersection of paragraph 4 with paragraph 14, the inclined surface can not only have an inclination from the respective edges 3, 13 to paragraph 4, 14, but also an inclination from the front surface 18 to the opposite rear surface 27 and an inclination from the front surface 18 to the opposite rear surface 28.

Each of the embodiments according to 2 or 3 is equipped with openings 25, 35 and recesses 9, 19 on the support surface in order to drain liquid.

Fig. 4 shows a view of an arrangement of several ramps 10 according to one of the Fig. 1a or 1b, and a variant of the embodiments according to 2 or 3 . According to this embodiment, the ramp 40 is thus made up of several Sub-elements assembled. In this way, the ramp 40 can be adapted to the dimensions of different plate elements 100. If necessary, the ramp can also be used for wooden boards, for example to create temporary pedestrian crossings. The ramps 10, 20, 30 according to each of the exemplary embodiments 1 to 3 can be combined with each other as desired.

In particular, the ramps 20, 30, 40 can be designed such that they can accommodate a corner of a plate element 100, such as a steel plate or a wooden board. Furthermore, several ramps 10, 20, 30 can be assembled in a modular manner, for example to form a ramp 40, so that a different number and / or different embodiments of ramps can be used depending on the length or width of the plate element 100.

According to each of the exemplary embodiments, the top of the ramp element 1 can have a marking 21. Such a marking is for the ramps 10, 20, 30, 40 according to one of the 1a, 1b , 2, 3 , 4th shown. This marking can serve, in particular, to make the support element 10, 30, 40 more visually recognizable for approaching vehicles, so that the vehicle drivers can take note of the position of the ramp element even before reaching the ramp element and can adapt the driving speed accordingly.

In particular, the marking 21 can be configured as an optical marking, which in particular comprises security strips. The marking can be luminous, luminous or reflective. In particular, the ramp element can contain a fluorescent material that stores the daylight and glows in the dark.

According to each of the exemplary embodiments, the marking 21 can comprise a collecting trough in order to introduce liquid into one of the openings 25.

According to one embodiment, the surface of the inclined surface 6, 16 and / or the upper side 7 of the holding element can be rough or water-repellent. The adhesion can be improved by increasing the roughness of the surface, so that slipping of the plate element on the support element is not possible. In particular, this can reduce the risk of falling for two-wheelers.

According to one embodiment, a seal can be provided to protect against water drainage into the pit. This seal can be designed, for example, as a projection on the support surface. In particular, the edge of the recess 9, 19 closer to the heel can have a greater length than the length of the edge which is further away from the heel. This edge is pressed against the ground by the weight of the plate element, as a result of which liquid can pass through from the roadway in the direction of the pit. Thus, a liquid barrier is created by the projection or the extended edge.

According to one embodiment, the ramp element 1 or the holding element 2 has openings which are suitable for draining liquids, for example water. In particular, the openings 25, 35 can be connected to recesses 9, 19 for draining off the liquids.

According to one embodiment, the ramp element or the holding element contains a porous material. A detail of a holding element 2, which contains a porous material, is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown. In particular, the openings or recesses can be formed by pores of the porous material. According to one embodiment, the pores have an average pore diameter in the range from 0.001 to 5 mm. In particular, the pores can have an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 5 mm. According to one embodiment, the pores can have an average pore diameter of 0.1 to 5 mm. According to one embodiment, the pores can have an average pore diameter of 0.1 to 2 mm.

According to the in Fig. 6a In the embodiment shown, the mean pore diameter of the holding element 2 can be variable with respect to the length L of the ramp. For example, the holding element 2 can contain a first section 22, in which the average pore diameter is smaller than in a second section 23. In Fig. 6a it is shown that the average pore diameter drops abruptly from the second section 23 to the first section 22. Recesses 9, not shown here, can be located in the second section 23, similar to what has been shown in the previous exemplary embodiments. The average pore diameter in the second section 23 can run essentially constant. The first section 22 can thus be designed to be essentially liquid-tight. If the first section 22 comes to lie against the edge of an excavation pit, liquid can thus be prevented from getting into the excavation pit. The liquid is collected in the second section 23 and can flow off through the larger pores, openings or recesses.

According to the in Fig. 6b In the embodiment shown, the mean pore diameter can be variable with respect to the length L of the ramp of both the holding element 2 and the ramp element 1. For example, the holding element 2 can contain a first section 22, in which the average pore diameter decreases continuously. The average pore diameter becomes smaller in the direction of the edge 33 of the holding element 2. In particular, it can be reduced by more than half with respect to the average pore diameter of the second section 23. In Fig. 6b it is shown that the average pore diameter gradually drops from the second section 23 to the edge 33. Recesses 9, not shown here, can be located in the second section 23, similar to what has been shown in the previous exemplary embodiments. The average pore diameter in the second section 23 can run essentially constant. The first section 22 can thus be designed to be essentially liquid-tight. If the first section 22 comes to lie against the edge of an excavation pit, liquid can thus be prevented from getting into the excavation pit. The liquid is collected in the second section 23 and can flow off through the larger pores, openings or recesses. Additionally or alternatively, the ramp element 1 can contain a second section 26, in which the average pore diameter decreases continuously or also abruptly (not shown in the drawing). The average pore diameter becomes smaller in the direction of the edge 3 of the ramp element 1. In particular, the average pore diameter can be reduced by more than half with respect to the average pore diameter of the first section 24.

The average pore diameter in the first section 24 can run essentially constant.

The ramp 10, 20, 30, 40 according to each of the exemplary embodiments contains a first elastomer and a second elastomer.

According to one embodiment, the proportion of the first elastomer is 25% to 35% by weight.

According to one embodiment, the proportion of the second elastomer is 10% to 25% by weight.

According to one embodiment, the ramp contains volatile substances, the proportion of volatile substances being a maximum of 7% by weight.

According to one embodiment, the ramp contains fillers, the proportion of fillers being from 33% by weight to 65% by weight.

According to one embodiment, the fillers contain carbon black and calcium carbonate.

According to one embodiment, the fillers contain carbon black and silicon dioxide.

According to one embodiment, the fillers contain carbon black and calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide and traces of zinc oxide, magnesium, iron or aluminum.

According to one embodiment, the first elastomer contains acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR).

According to one embodiment, the second elastomer contains styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).

example 1

A ramp according to Example 1 contains 26% by weight of NBR and 12% by weight of SBR. The ramp contains 7% by weight of volatile substances, such as water or plasticizers. The soot content is 24% by weight. The proportion of calcium carbonate is 20% by weight. The proportion of silicon dioxide is 5% by weight. The proportion of zinc oxide is 1 % By weight. The remaining 5% by weight comprise fillers containing aluminum, magnesium and iron.

The chemical composition of the elastomers was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wave number range from 4000 1 / cm to 600 1 / cm, a resolution of 4 1 / cm and a number of 10 scans was used. The IR spectra of the samples were compared with reference spectra from the IR database. The highest agreement was found with the reference spectrum of Acrylintril Butadiene Rubber (NBR). The main filler of the ramp according to Example 1 was calcium carbonate. A thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out for a more precise determination of the elastomer content and the elastomer composition. The measurement program for the ramp according to Example 1 comprised heating the sample to 550 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, after which the temperature is kept isothermal for 40 minutes. The system then switches to oxygen flow and heats to 10 ° C / min to a temperature of 850 ° C. This temperature was maintained for 15 minutes in isothermal operation.

Fig. 7 shows the measurement results of the TGA for the ramp according to example 1. Here, the separation of different temperature-dependent mass losses is shown with the first derivative 31 and the second derivative 32. At lower temperatures, the volatile substances such as water or plasticizers are evaporated. According to Example 1, the decrease in mass is 7%. The tolerance range is + wt. 0.5%. The elastomer decomposes at temperatures between 300 ° C and 500 ° C. The first and the second derivative 31, 32 show a double peak. A first and a second elastomer are thus present, in Example 1 26% by weight of NBR and 12% by weight of SBR. From a temperature of 550 ° C onwards, the system switches to oxygen flow. There is a further weight loss of 24% by weight, which is due to the oxidation of soot to CO ₂ . According to Example 1, the soot content is therefore 24% by weight. At temperatures in the range from 630 ° C to 680 ° C there is a further weight loss, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide. This results in a proportion of calcium carbonate of 4-5% for example 1. An ignition residue of 24% by weight was further investigated with the semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis (XCF). The fillers contained in the ignition residue comprise 16% by weight calcium carbonate, 5% by weight silicon dioxide, 1% by weight zinc oxide and further fillers, especially those containing magnesium, iron and aluminum.

Example 2

A ramp according to Example 2 contains 42% by weight of NBR and 17% by weight of SBR. The ramp contains 6% by weight of volatile substances such as water or plasticizers. The soot content is 29% by weight. The proportion of calcium carbonate is 0.5 to 1% by weight. The proportion of silicon dioxide is 2% by weight. The proportion of zinc oxide is 1% by weight. The remaining 2% - 3.5% by weight comprise aluminum, magnesium and iron fillers.

The chemical composition of the elastomers was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wave number range from 4000 1 / cm to 600 1 / cm, a resolution of 4 1 / cm and a number of 10 scans was used. The IR spectra of the samples were compared with reference spectra from the IR database. The highest agreement was found with the reference spectrum of Acrylintril Butadiene Rubber (NBR). The main filler of the ramp according to example 2 was silicon dioxide. A thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out for a more precise determination of the elastomer content and the elastomer composition. The measurement program for the ramp according to Example 2 comprised heating the sample to 550 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, after which the temperature is kept isothermal for 40 minutes. The system then switches to oxygen flow and heats to 10 ° C / min to a temperature of 850 ° C. This temperature was maintained for 15 minutes in isothermal operation.

Fig. 8 shows the measurement results of the TGA for the ramp according to example 2. Here, the separation of different temperature-dependent mass losses is shown with the first derivative 31 and the second derivative 32. At lower temperatures, the volatile substances such as water or plasticizers are evaporated. According to the example, the decrease in mass is 26% by weight. Of the Tolerance range is ± 0.5% by weight. The elastomer decomposes at temperatures between 300 ° C and 500 ° C. The first and the second derivative 31, 32 show a double peak. A first and a second elastomer are thus present, namely 42% by weight of NBR and 17% by weight of SBR. From a temperature of 550 ° C onwards, the system switches to oxygen flow. There is a further weight loss of 29% by weight, which is due to the oxidation of soot to CO ₂ . According to Example 2, the soot content is 29% by weight. At temperatures in the range from 630 ° C to 680 ° C there is a further weight loss, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide. Thus, for example 2, the calcium carbonate content is less than 0.1%. An ignition residue of 6% by weight was further investigated with the semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis (XCF). The fillers contained in the ignition residue comprise 0.5 to 1% by weight calcium carbonate, 2% by weight silicon dioxide, 1% by weight zinc oxide and further fillers, especially those containing magnesium, iron and aluminum.

Example 3

A ramp according to Example 3 contains 34% by weight of NBR and 24% by weight of SBR. The ramp contains 6% by weight of volatile substances such as water or plasticizers. The soot content is 20% by weight. The proportion of calcium carbonate is 0.5 to 1% by weight. The proportion of silicon dioxide is 12% by weight. The proportion of zinc oxide is 1% by weight. The remaining 2% - 2.5% by weight comprise aluminum, magnesium and iron fillers.

The chemical composition of the elastomers was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wave number range from 4000 1 / cm to 600 1 / cm, a resolution of 4 1 / cm and a number of 10 scans was used. The IR spectra of the samples were compared with reference spectra from the IR database. The highest agreement was found with the reference spectrum of Acrylintril Butadiene Rubber (NBR). The main filler of the ramp according to example 3 was silicon dioxide. A thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out for a more precise determination of the elastomer content and the elastomer composition. carried out. The measurement program for the ramp according to Example 3 comprised heating the sample to 550 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, after which the temperature is kept isothermal for 40 minutes. The system then switches to oxygen flow and heats to 10 ° C / min to a temperature of 850 ° C. This temperature was maintained for 15 minutes in isothermal operation.

Fig. 9 shows the measurement results of the TGA for the ramp according to example 3. Here, the separation of different temperature-dependent mass losses is shown with the first derivative 31 and the second derivative 32. At lower temperatures, the volatile substances such as water or plasticizers are evaporated. The decrease in mass according to Example 3 is 6% by weight. The tolerance range is ± 0.5% by weight. The elastomer decomposes at temperatures between 300 ° C and 500 ° C. The first and the second derivative 31, 32 show a double peak. A first and a second elastomer are thus present, namely 34% by weight of NBR and 24% by weight of SBR. From a temperature of 550 ° C onwards, the system switches to oxygen flow. There is a further weight loss of 20% by weight, which is due to the oxidation of soot to CO ₂ . According to Example 3, the soot content is thus 20% by weight. At temperatures in the range from 630 ° C to 680 ° C there is a further weight loss, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide. Thus, for example 3, the calcium carbonate content is less than 1% by weight. An ignition residue of 15% by weight was further investigated using the semi-quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis (XCF). The fillers contained in the ignition residue comprise 0.5 to 1% by weight calcium carbonate, 12% by weight silicon dioxide, 1% by weight zinc oxide and other fillers, especially those containing magnesium, iron and aluminum.

Example 4

A ramp according to Example 4 contains 30% by weight of NBR and 15% by weight of SBR. The ramp contains 6% by weight of volatile substances such as water or plasticizers. The soot content is 26% by weight. The proportion of calcium carbonate is 1% by weight. The remaining 22% by weight comprise silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and aluminum-containing, magnesium-containing and iron-containing fillers.

The chemical composition of the elastomers was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An ATR Golden Gate spectrometer with a wave number range from 4000 1 / cm to 600 1 / cm, a resolution of 4 1 / cm and a number of 10 scans was used. The IR spectra of the samples were compared with reference spectra from the IR database. The highest agreement was found with the reference spectrum of Acrylintril Butadiene Rubber (NBR). The main filler of the ramp according to example 4 is calcium carbonate. A thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out for a more precise determination of the elastomer content and the elastomer composition. The measurement program for the ramp according to Example 4 comprised heating the sample to 550 ° C. at 10 ° C./min, after which the temperature is kept isothermal for 40 minutes. The system then switches to oxygen flow and heats to 10 ° C / min to a temperature of 850 ° C. This temperature was maintained for 15 minutes in isothermal operation.

Fig. 10 shows the measurement results of the TGA for the ramp according to example 4. Here, the separation of different temperature-dependent mass losses is shown with the first derivative 31 and the second derivative 32. At lower temperatures, the volatile substances such as water or plasticizers are evaporated. According to the example, the decrease in mass is 46% by weight. The tolerance range is + wt. 0.5%. The elastomer decomposes at temperatures between 300 ° C and 500 ° C. The first and the second derivative 31, 32 show a double peak. A first and a second elastomer are thus present, in the present case 30% by weight of NBR and 15% by weight of SBR. From a temperature of 550 ° C onwards, the system switches to oxygen flow. There is a further weight loss of 26% by weight, which is due to the oxidation of soot to CO ₂ . According to Example 4, the soot content is thus 26% by weight. At temperatures in the range from 630 ° C to 680 ° C there is a further weight loss, which corresponds to the thermal-oxidative decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide. Thus, for example 4, the calcium carbonate content is 1%. The fillers contained in the residue on ignition of 21% by weight include calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide and other fillers, especially those containing magnesium, iron and aluminum.

It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that many further variants are possible in addition to the described exemplary embodiments without deviating from the inventive concept. The object of the invention is thus not restricted by the preceding description and is determined by the scope of protection which is defined by the claims. The widest possible reading of the claims is decisive for the interpretation of the claims or the description. In particular, the terms “contain” or “contain” should be interpreted in such a way that they refer to elements, components or steps in a non-exclusive meaning, which is intended to indicate that the elements, components or steps may be present or can be used, that they can be combined with other elements, components or steps that are not explicitly mentioned. If the claims relate to an element or component from a group which can consist of A, B, C to N elements or components, this wording should be interpreted in such a way that only a single element of this group is required, and not one Combination of A and N, B and N or any other combination of two or more elements or components of this group.

Claims (15)

Ramp (10, 30, 40) comprising a ramp element (1) and a holding element (2), the ramp element having an edge (3) which has a first height and a shoulder (4) which has a second height, the first height being less than the second height, a contact surface (5) extending between the edge (3) and the shoulder (4), which forms the underside of the ramp element (1) and wherein between the edge (3) and the shoulder (4) extends an inclination surface (6) which forms the upper side of the ramp element (1), the holding element (2) having an upper side (7) and a lower side (8), the holding element (2) on the Heel (4) connects, the height between the top (7) of the holding element (2) and the bottom (8) of the holding element (2) being less than the height of the heel, characterized in that the ramp is a first elastomer and a contains second elastomer. The ramp of claim 1, wherein the proportion of the first elastomer is 25% to 35% by weight. The ramp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the proportion of the second elastomer is 10 wt.% To 25 wt.%. The ramp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ramp contains volatile substances, the proportion of volatile substances being a maximum of 7% by weight. The ramp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ramp contains fillers, the proportion of fillers being 33% by weight to 65% by weight. The ramp of claim 5, wherein the fillers include carbon black and calcium carbonate. The ramp of claim 5, wherein the fillers include carbon black and silicon dioxide. The ramp according to one of the preceding claims 5 to 7, wherein the fillers contain carbon black and calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide and traces of zinc oxide, magnesium, iron or aluminum. The ramp of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first elastomer contains acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). The ramp of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second elastomer contains styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). The ramp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the holding element (2) or the ramp element (1) has openings (25, 35) which are suitable for draining liquids. The ramp of claim 11, wherein the openings (25, 35) are connected to recesses (9, 19) for draining liquids. The ramp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the ramp element (1) or the holding element (2) contains a porous material. The ramp of claims 11 and 13, wherein the openings (25, 35) are formed by pores of the porous material. The ramp of claim 14, wherein the pores have an average pore diameter in the range of 0.001 to 5 mm.

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