EP2915920B1 - Method for laying surface limited ground coverings - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for laying areal limited floor coverings, such as plates, on a substrate for producing a traffic-suitable surface, by attaching the floor coverings with their front in at least one direction front surface on the ground with a sliding protection against the front surface with a first Pressed surface (13) and placed with a bent from the first surface second surface (18) on the substrate (2) and with a of the second surface (18) angled third surface (16) in the substrate (2). Such a method is for example from the US 3292508 known.

For the architectural design of squares and streets, in particular - but not exclusively - of pedestrian zones, instead of a large-scale covering, for example a concrete or asphalt surface, frequently coverings are used which consist of a limited area building material, e.g. consist of plates or stones. These floor coverings must be suitable not only to be committed by pedestrians, but also to be driven by vehicles. The flooring may also be able to carry relatively large loads, for example, delivery vehicles for the delivery of adjacent shops with goods, but also if necessary for construction vehicles needed construction vehicles and local transport, such as buses, the inner city areas can only reach by driving on squares and streets, which are covered with such areal limited floor coverings.

These floor coverings, for example, with more or less large plates not only be suitable to absorb the relatively high weight loads caused by corresponding vehicles. For this purpose, already suitable laying practices on the one hand and strength for the floor coverings on the other hand known, so that it can be assumed that the static forces caused by the vehicles can be absorbed without a break or even a lowering of the individual floor coverings is to be feared.

On the other hand, difficulties must be expected, which result from the fact that the vehicles must be accelerated and decelerated when driving on the floor coverings. This creates considerable dynamic forces that are not rarely need to be taken up by a floor covering or two adjacent floor coverings. These are based on adjacent floor coverings, so that it must be expected that loosens the entire structure of the floor coverings in a relatively short time. Not only does this make the pleasing image of the space or the street provided with flooring unsightly, but it must also be expected that the individual floor coverings will loosen and damage the surface as they continue to drive.

In order to avoid loosening of the floor coverings, it has been proposed to support the arranged in rows floor coverings by T-shaped profiles, each one row of floor coverings are arranged on opposite transverse webs of the T-shaped profiles, while rising on the crossbar Longitudinal ridge extends between the adjacent rows of floor coverings. Against this longitudinal ridge, the floor coverings are each supported a row. ( US 222,025 )

In order to accommodate the considerable weight of the arranged in a series of floor coverings, the T-shaped profiles are mounted on beams which extend transversely to the direction of the T-shaped profiles on a substrate to be covered by the floor coverings. With regard to the dimensions of the beams and the T-shaped profiles, the floor coverings barely come into contact with the ground. The floor coverings are not fixed underground but only to the T-shaped profiles fixed to the beams. As a rule, the bars run parallel to one another at a mutual distance, so that a distance bridged exclusively by the T-shaped profile, which corresponds at least to the width of a floor covering, is provided between the bars. In this respect, the storage of the floor coverings depends very much on the quality of the T-shaped profiles. The laying of such flooring requires a considerable effort, since the beams must first be arranged on the ground. On these beams, the T-shaped profiles are carefully fastened to accommodate the arrangement of floor coverings in rows. Finally, between the mutually adjacent T-shaped profiles floor coverings are arranged, which are supported on the transverse webs of the T-shaped profiles on the beam. This method of laying causes considerable costs, not only the material costs but also the installation costs.

It has also been proposed to provide an angled support under a leading edge in the direction of displacement of the plate. This had a support surface (34) on which the base plate to be supported with its bottom surface. This support surface (34) was provided below the plate to be supported with a locking surface (28) which projected into the ground. In addition, the support surface (34) had a securing front surface with a receiving surface (32) which conformed to the base plate to be supported. The base plate to be supported was guided in an angle formed by the support surface (34) and the receiving surface (32). ( US 3,292,508 )

Such support of the bottom plate had the considerable disadvantage that the substantial part of the support extended below the plate to be supported. In this way, first the support of the locking surface (28) had to be embedded in the ground. The support had to be made so that after the introduction of the support in the ground, the supported front surface of the plate on the support surface (34) and was guided in the of the support surface (34) and the receiving surface (32) formed angle. This required not only a precise measurement of the support, but also a ground plate leading definition of the wing and this limiting receiving surface. A quick installation of the support was thus precluded, especially since it had to be expected that when entering the support into the ground deviations from the originally planned position of the support could be expected, if, for example, by existing obstacles in the ground, e.g. Stones were distracted.

Object of the present invention is therefore to improve the method of the aforementioned type so that the individual flooring, such as a plate receives a fixed position relative to the ground and in this way displacements of the individual floor coverings are prevented.

This object is achieved in that the second surface (18) in the direction of a lower surface (5) of an adjacent floor covering (1) laid and the adjacent floor covering (1) with its lower surface (5) on an upper boundary (20) second surface (18) is laid.

By means of this laying technique, the floor covering can first be introduced exactly into the position intended for it. Then the sliding protection is pressed against the front surface of the base plate to be supported and introduced with the third surface (16) in the ground until the second surface (18) rests on the surface of the substrate. Then, the bottom plate of the next row adjoining the laid base plate is placed on top of the second surface (18), so that it rests firmly on the ground, without being able to free itself from its previously adjusted position. A very safe and quick installation of the sliding protection (12) is guaranteed.

According to a preferred form of the invention, front surfaces (14) of two floor coverings adjacent to each other in a row (27, 28) are supported with a sliding protection (12). Through this process step, two floor coverings can be adjusted simultaneously with a single sliding protection. This considerably simplifies work when laying floor coverings.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the floor covering is supported on an edge which is subjected to the highest displacement in order to produce a surface suitable for traffic. This ensures that the attachment of the floor covering must be made only at one edge, since it can be assumed that in the direction of other edges, for example, those which are perpendicular to the supported edge, the load is relatively low.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the floor covering is supported on an edge for producing a suitable surface for motor vehicles, which is the highest loaded during acceleration of a motor vehicle to displacements. At this example it can be seen that the support of the flooring must be made in the direction of the largest force occurring. However, if the traffic on the floor has to drive curves or turning maneuvers, the support of a floor covering in such cases also offers at other edges.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the floor covering is supported on at least one edge, which is acted upon by displacement in the direction of a slope which has the surface to create a surface inclined in at least one direction. This example also makes it clear that with an inclination that has the surface in several directions, it is also necessary to use a plurality of devices which serve for the sliding protection.

Further details of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated, for example.

• Figur 1: eine räumliche Darstellung eines Verschiebeschutzes,
• Figur 2: eine Ansicht eines jeweils eine Kante von zwei einander benachbarten Bodenbelägen abstützenden Verschiebeschutzes,
• Figur3: eine Ansicht einer Montagestelle für die Anbringung eines Verschiebeschutzes,
• Figur 4: eine räumliche Darstellung einer von einem Omnibus befahrenen Strasse, die mit Bodenbelägen abgedeckt ist und
• Figur 5: eine stilisierte Darstellung zweier von jeweils einem Verschiebeschutz gehaltenen Bodenbeläge, die von einem angetriebenen Rad befahren sind.

In the drawings show:

• FIG. 1 : a spatial representation of a displacement protection,
• FIG. 2 a view of a respective edge of two adjacent floor coverings supporting sliding protection,
• Figur3 a view of a mounting point for the attachment of a sliding protection,
• FIG. 4 a spatial representation of a bus-bound road covered with floor coverings and
• FIG. 5 : A stylized representation of two of each held by a sliding protection floor coverings, which are driven by a driven wheel.

Floor coverings 1, which may be designed, for example, as large-format plaster or panel elements, are laid on a previously prepared substrate 2. In this case, a joint 3 is provided between two adjacent floor coverings 1, which is completely filled after alignment of the floor coverings 1, for example by a split crushed sand mixture.

When driving on the floor coverings 1 with vehicles such as a bus 4, the floor coverings 1 are subjected to pressure. By selecting a suitable material for the formation of the substrate 2, it is ensured that the floor covering 1, with its lower surface 5 resting on the substrate 2, rests completely on the substrate 2, so that the pressure forces acting on the floor coverings 1 are transferred over the entire surface to the substrate 2 become. In addition, selected as floor coverings 1, for example, synthetic plates or natural stones, which are suitable because of their consistency, to transmit the pressure forces acting on them to the substrate 2, without the floor coverings 1 damage.

When driving on the floor coverings 1, the drive forces transmitted by the vehicle 4 act on the floor coverings 1, which are thereby acted upon in a displacement direction 6 to displacements relative to the base 2. The displacement direction 6 extends in an opposite direction as a predetermined by the vehicle 4 drive direction. 7

At relatively low driving forces, which are transmitted from the vehicle 4 to the floor coverings 1, sufficient between the lower surface 5 of the floor covering 1 and the substrate 2 frictional force to a corresponding load on the floor covering 1 by the vehicle 4, a shift of the floor covering. 1 against the ground 2 to prevent. In the case of large driving forces, as are to be expected, for example, in the case of automobile traffic, but especially heavy-duty and bus traffic, the frictional forces existing between the lower surface 5 and the substrate 2 are sufficient for receiving the surface 9 of the drive wheel 8 driven by it Floor covering 1 transmitted driving forces, so that with a shift of the floor covering 1 with respect to the substrate 2 must be expected. In particular, when filled joints 3, the forces exerted on a particular floor covering 1 driving forces transferred to adjacent floor coverings, so that must be expected by the inclusion of the driving forces that an originally laid structure 10 of floor coverings 1 is disturbed by shifts particularly highly contaminated floor coverings 1. Thus, for example, at a bus stop of the bus 4 to be expected that when braking the bus 4 and the subsequent start-up very high accelerations occur, which are due to move due to the resulting driving forces first some of the floor coverings 1 and finally destroy the entire structure 10. The original intention to create by the choice of flooring 1 a varied sight of the road 11 and at the same time by seeping moisture through the joints 3 to achieve a rapid drying of the structure 10, is nullified.

With the help of a sliding guard 12, the position of the floor coverings 1 relative to the substrate 5 is fixed so that even when significant forces in the direction of displacement 6, a shift of the floor coverings 1 is not considered. Due to the sliding protection is an intensive Verklammerung provided with the sliding protection 12 Bodenbelages1 with the substrate 2. For this purpose, the sliding protection protrudes with a first surface 13 on a transversely to the direction of displacement 6 extending front surface 14 of the floor covering 1 and claimed the front surface 14 to pressure, if 8 driving forces are transmitted to the surface 9 of the floor covering 1 from the wheel. For this purpose, the surface 13 is perpendicular to a plane spanned by the substrate 2 level 15 so that it acts on the plane 15 vertically upstanding front surface 14 of the floor covering 1 over its entire surface.

Opposite to the direction of the surface 13 of the anti-shift protrude 12 with a third surfaces 16 into the ground 2 into it. In this case, this third surface is firmly anchored in the ground 2, for example by hammering with the aid of a hammer 17, so that a very narrow guidance of the third surface in the ground 2 is ensured. In this case, the third surface 16 may be formed as a straight-line extension of the surface 13. This embodiment is not shown in the figures. Rather, the sliding protection 12 shown in the figures between the first surface 13 and the third surface 16 has a perpendicular to these two surfaces 13, 16 extending horizontal second surface 18 which rests on the plane 15 of the substrate 2 with its lower limit 19.

After the third surface 16 has been driven into the substrate 2, an upper boundary 20 of the second surface running parallel to the lower boundary 19 extends 18 in the direction of a lower surface 5 of an adjacent floor covering 1. This is placed with its lower surface 5 on the upper boundary 20, so that in this way a high resistance to displacement of the sliding protection 12 comes about. At the same time, the second surface 18 serves to prevent the action of forces on the first surface 13 tilting of the sliding protection 12 about a third surface 16 extending transverse axis, not shown, if the sliding protection with its third surface 16 only in a loose ground Has found 2 stop, which is not able to prevent pivoting of the sliding protection 12 about this transverse axis.

Appropriately, the sliding protection 12 is hammered in the region of a joint 3 so that the sliding protection 12 in each case two mutually adjacent two floor coverings 1 in the region of the front surfaces 14 acted upon. For this purpose, the sliding protection 12 has a width which is sufficient in each case half to hold each other opposite corners 21, 22 in their respective adjusted position. This simultaneously ensures that the floor coverings 1 are each supported at the ends, so that pivotal movements of the floor coverings 1 can not take place about a vertical axis, not shown.

According to the purpose of the sliding protection 12 task consists of a rigid material such as a metal or plastic. In any case, the choice of material is to be made so that the sliding protection can not weather even in a moist surface 2, for example, in the case of steel can rust. In this respect, offers itself in a metallic version of the sliding protection 12 stainless steel as a material. The sliding protection can also be provided with a surface protection that excludes weathering.

Conveniently, the first surface 13 is provided on its side facing the second surface 18 with at least one contact cam 24, 25 which acts on the second surface 18 adjacent adjacent floor covering on the front surface 14 facing end surface 26. In this way it is achieved that the resting on the second surface 18 floor covering keeps a constant distance from the floor covering 1 of a respective adjacent row. This will a straight course of adjacent rows 27, 28 of floor coverings 1 favors. Very often adjacent rows 27, 28 of the floor coverings are each offset by half of a floor covering 1, so that at the contact cam 24, 25 good guidance of the floor covering 1 comes about in the middle of it.

Occasionally in the area of the street 11 or a space occupied by the floor coverings 1, it must be expected that the vehicles driving on these surfaces must make 4 turns or perform turning maneuvers. As a result, the individual floor coverings 1 are acted upon not only in one direction by forces of the moving vehicles, but also transversely to the substantially occurring load. In these cases, the individual floor coverings 1 are acted upon not only in the region of their front surfaces 14 by a sliding protection 12, but also on their transversely to this front surface 14 extending boundary surfaces 29, 30. These surfaces 29, 30 are also in corresponding load cases by a sliding protection 12th supported.

In addition, the sliding protection 12 can also be usefully applied if only a moderately acted area, which may be committed only by pedestrians, should be laid in an inclined position. In this case, the sliding guard 12 is similarly used as already described to support edges of the floor covering 1, each delimiting the floor covering 1 towards the lower end of the inclined plane. In this way, it is achieved that the respective upper floor covering 1 is supported on the first surface 13 of the corresponding inserted sliding protection 12, so that slippage of the structure 10 in the direction of the slope is excluded.

Thus, the laying of the floor covering 1 when using a sliding protection is as follows. First, a substrate 2 is leveled so that the floor coverings 1 can be aligned on it, for example by means of an aligned in the longitudinal direction of the lined floor cover alignment. It is important to ensure that both to a previously laid row 27, 28 and between adjacent floor coverings 1 of the same row 27, 28 joints 3 are provided, which are filled after installation with a composite mass.

For maintaining an approximately constant width of the joint 3 spacers 31 are provided as a rule.

Then it is determined in which direction by a corresponding load of the floor coverings 1 a shift of the floor coverings 1 is to be expected. In this case, for example, taking place on the floor coverings 1 journeys of vehicles 4 can be considered. In accordance with an expected shift, measures are taken in the area of the joints 3 with the aid of the sliding protection 12, so that the forces transmitted to the floor covering 1 during the start or braking of the vehicles 4 can not cause displacements of the floor coverings 1. For this purpose, the sliding protection 12 is supported with its first surface 13 at corners 21, 22 of two adjacent floor coverings 1 so that the joint 3 extends approximately in the middle of the sliding protection 12.

After this orientation of the sliding protection 12, this is embedded with its third surface 16 in the substrate 2. For this purpose, depending on the nature of the substrate 2, a force is exerted on the second surface 18 of the sliding protection 12, for example by impacts with a hammer 17. In this case, the third surface 16 penetrates into the ground until the second surface with its lower limit 19 the ground 2 rests. In order to produce a flat surface for a further series of floor coverings 1, the sliding protection 12 is lowered so deep into the ground that the upper boundary 20 of the sliding protection 12 extends in a plane defined by the ground 2 plane. In this way, a respective sliding protection 12 in the range of two adjacent in a row 27, 28 floor coverings 1 is laid. Optionally, the individual floor coverings 1 must also be set transversely to the direction of a row 27, 28 against each other by a respective sliding protection 12, if, for example, on the surface 9 of the floor coverings 1 cross traffic to the main driving direction is to be expected, for example, by running in the transverse direction roads or Case of anticipated turning maneuvers of vehicles 4.

After aligning the sliding protection 12, a further row 28 of floor coverings 1 is laid parallel to the previously secured row 27 of the floor coverings 1. The floor coverings 1 to be laid in the new row 28 are aligned in this way, That they apply the second surface 18 of the previously installed displacement protection 12 Conveniently, the gap 3 provided with the sliding protection 12 opens approximately in the middle of the floor coverings 1 to be recently laid. In this way, the displacement protection 12 receives a permanent hold.

The floor coverings 1 to be laid in the new row 28 act on the sliding protection 12 on a side 23 of the first surface 13 provided with the contact cams 24, 25. As a result, the floor coverings 1 of the new row 28 are at a distance from the floor coverings 1 of the previously installed row 27 at a distance corresponding to a joint width. In addition, however, spacers 31 may also be provided between the floor coverings 1 of the previously laid row 27 and those of the row 28 to be re-aligned. After production of the entire structure 10, the joints 3 are filled with a split crushed sand mixture, which is then steamed.

Claims (5)

1. A method for laying areally limited ground coverings (1) such as plates on a subsurface (2) for producing a surface suitable for traffic by strengthening the ground coverings (1) with their front surface (14), which lies at the front in at least one displacement direction, on the subsurface (2) with a shifting protection means (12) which is pressed against the front surface (14) with a first surface (13) and is placed on the subsurface (2) with a second surface (18) which is bent off from the first surface (13), and is embedded in the subsurface (2) with a third surface which is bent off from the second surface (18), characterized in that the second surface (18) is laid in the direction towards a bottom surface (5) of an adjacent ground covering (1) and the adjacent ground covering (1) is placed with its bottom surface (5) on an upper boundary (20) of the second surface (18).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that front surfaces (14) of two ground coverings which are adjacent to each other in a row (27, 28) are supported on the shifting protection means (12).
3. A method according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that for producing a surface (9) which is suitable for traffic the ground covering (1) is supported on a surface (14) which is loaded to the highest extent for shifting during the acceleration and braking of a vehicle (4).
4. A method according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for producing a surface (9) which is suitable for motorised traffic the ground covering (1) is supported on a surface (14) which is loaded to the highest extent for shifting during the acceleration of a vehicle (4).
5. A method according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for producing a surface which is inclined in at least one direction the ground covering (12) is supported on at least one surface (14) which is subject to shifting in the direction of an inclination which is comprised by the surface (9).

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