EP3666108A1 - Shoe sole for a sports shoe and shoe, in particular sports shoe for running - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a shoe bottom (24) for a shoe (14), in particular for running, with an elastically deformable support sole (30) which has a rear foot section (32) and a forefoot section (34), which has a coupling section (36) are connected to one another, and with an elastically deformable support device (38) which is arranged on the support sole (30) and which supports an outsole covering (62), the support device (38) comprising: - a rear foot part 40) which covers the rear foot section (32) the support sole (30) engages in a U-shape; and - a forefoot part (48) with two legs (50, 52) which are arranged on mutually opposite side edge sections (54) of the forefoot section (34), the rear foot part 40) and the forefoot part (48) each having a support surface (72) , which is arranged obliquely to the underside of the shoe bottom (24) or is curved, preferably convex, and on which the support sole (30) rests and is supported in the lateral direction. The invention also relates to a shoe with such a shoe bottom (24).

Description

The invention relates to a shoe bottom for a sports shoe and a shoe, in particular a sports shoe for running.

In conventional sports shoes, especially those for running, cushioning and stabilization, ie supporting and guiding the foot during the standing and pushing-off phase through the shoe bottom, is of crucial importance. The shoe bottoms generally have a midsole or support sole with attached support and cushioning elements, by means of which foot misalignments, in particular a frequently present overpronation or a less frequent supination of the foot, are to be compensated. Such running shoes are therefore often manufactured by the manufacturer in so-called stable or Differentiated neutral shoes. With this established shoe bottom or sole concept, essential biomechanical aspects of running, in particular musculoskeletal effects of the ground reaction forces occurring during running, have not been sufficiently taken into account to date. As is known, the ground reaction force refers to the reaction force of the floor to the force that the body transfers to the ground through the shoe or bare feet. The so-called force application point (KAP) marks the origin of the in the running direction (x direction according to a right-handed three-dimensional coordinate system with x, y and z axis), in the vertical direction (z direction) and in the lateral or medial direction ( y direction) acting force components of the resulting vector of the ground reaction force.

The point of application of force is localized when the foot lands on the ground in the rear part of the foot or the shoe. During further ground contact, the KAP moves from the back to the front in order to be located approximately in the middle of the forefoot when kicking off the ground. Runners who initially touch the heel, d. H. Over 80% of all runners initially put the foot on the back laterally (= outside) and thus have the KAP emphasized on the back of the lateral foot or shoe bottom edge. Even runners with a flat foot attachment show the KAP laterally, only with less emphasis. In comparison, the proportion of so-called forefoot runners is negligible, at less than 1%.

In the sagittal plane, the ground reaction force (ie its anterior-posterior force component (x direction) and its vertical force component (z direction) on the ankle initially act (after the foot attachment) behind the axis of rotation of the ankle. The KAP is therefore behind (posterior) of the axis of rotation of the ankle The direction of force towards the back creates an external torque which initiates plantar flexion of the foot in the ankle.

As soon as the KAP moves anteriorly, therefore forward, under the ankle in the direction of the foot axis (in the x direction), the external torque on the ankle changes its sign and its direction. The ankle experiences accelerated dorsiflexion. This externally generated The dorsiflexion moment is balanced by the plantar flexion muscles, in particular the triceps surae muscle, the dorsiflexion is thereby slowed down and ultimately the ankle experiences the plantar flexion for the push off from the ground.

Regarding the knee joint, the ground reaction force acts in the sagittal plane behind the knee joint and generates an external moment of flexion. The knee extension muscles, i.e. the Mm, set this external flexion moment. vasti, and the rectus femoris muscle, counter an internal extension moment. As a result, the knee flexion is braked in the early support phase and the knee stretched to push off.

In the frontal plane, the ground reaction force, i.e. i.e., their medio-lateral (ml or in the y-direction) force component and their force component in the z-direction) an external eversion moment at the ankle in the early support phase, which tilts the rearfoot inwards and the ankle with the distal one Tibia pushes medially.

Through the play of forces between the ml force component and the ap force component of the ground reaction force in the transverse plane (= horizontal plane), the calcaneus is rotated inwards around the vertical axis and added. With the eversion and the adduction of the rear foot, an internal rotation is imparted to the talus and, as a result, to the tibia. This accelerated internal rotation of the tibia results in an increasing torque in the transverse plane in the knee joint (= ERM). Medialization of the distal tibia results in increased adduction of the knee joint. With the medialization of the ankle, the KAP shifts medially in the further course. The result is an increase in the lever of the ground reaction forces in the frontal plane with respect to the knee joint. This increases the external adduction moment at the knee joint (= EAM).

In the push-off phase or in the second part of the stance phase while running, the KAP is initially located laterally and only finally medially under the forefoot. During the early rejection (with the greatest external and internal forces), the KAP is lateral to the ankle (and knee joint) and generates one against the force of the inversion muscles (anterior tibial muscle, posterior tibial muscle, flexor hallucis muscle) Increasing eversion of the rearfoot and with forced medialization of the distal tibia an adduction of the knee joint. The external adduction torque (EAM) and the torque (ERM) in the transverse plane (ERM) at the knee joint are therefore further increased.

The use of shoes, especially those with angular soles, increases the ml displacement (y direction) and, as a result, the levers of ground reaction forces in the frontal plane at the ankle and knee unnecessarily. On the other hand, when the shoe is unprotected - due to the coarse fat cushion ring around the heel bone - an early ml centering of the KAP is achieved under the heel bone and thus under the ankle and knee joint in the early stance phase. As a result, the external moments in the frontal plane and in the transverse plane are significantly reduced compared to walking in shoes. In the rejection phase with the KAP under the forefoot, the partial movement of the five rays of the foot and the anatomical transverse curvature present when the forefoot is unloaded (physiological ml-centering of the KAP and consequently a reduction in the Lever of the ground reaction forces in the frontal plane realized on the ankle and on the knee joint.

As is well known, barrel injuries are often chronic injuries that most often affect the knee joint. Primarily responsible for the higher external adduction moments (EAM) in the frontal plane and transverse rotation moments (ERM) when running compared to less demanding forms of movement. If the external torques in the frontal plane and the transverse plane through the shoe bottoms of the conventional running shoes compared to walking without shoes on a soft surface, e.g. B. grass, are enlarged, inevitably occur higher loads on the passive structures of the joints and also on those muscles that counteract these external moments. As a result, walking on conventional shoe bottoms is often more stressful on the joints and at the same time less efficient, since more muscle work is necessary and this increased muscle work is also not effective for propulsion.

Object of the invention

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a shoe bottom for a running shoe as well as a shoe, in particular a sports shoe for running, which offer a more physiological movement sequence with improved walking comfort and, in particular, counteract causes of incorrect loading on the ankle and knee joint and which do not counteract exhausting in symptom elimination from overpronation and knee adduction. Unnecessary loads on the musculoskeletal system should therefore be minimized and muscular work that does not promote propulsion should be reduced to a minimum.

Technical solution

The object relating to the shoe bottom is achieved by a shoe bottom with the features specified in claim 1. The shoe according to the invention has the features specified in claim 12.

• ein Rückfußteil, das den Rückfußabschnitt der Tragsohle U-förmig umgreift; und
• ein Vorfußteil mit zwei Schenkeln, die an einander gegenüberliegenden Seitenrandabschnitten des Vorfußabschnitts angeordnet sind,

wobei das Rückfußteil und das Vorfußteil jeweils zumindest eine Stützfläche aufweisen, die nach innen zur Unterseite des Schuhbodens hin schräg verlaufend angeordnet oder, bevorzugt konvex, gewölbt ausgebildet ist und an der die Tragsohle aufliegt und in seitlicher Richtung abgestützt ist.The shoe bottom according to the invention comprises an elastically deformable support sole which has a rear foot section and a forefoot section which are connected to one another via a coupling section (metatarsal bridge). An elastically deformable support device is arranged on the support sole and is provided on the underside with an outsole covering, the support device comprising the following:

• a rear foot part, which surrounds the rear foot portion of the support sole in a U-shape; and
• a forefoot part with two legs which are arranged on opposite side edge sections of the forefoot section,

wherein the rear foot part and the forefoot part each have at least one support surface which is arranged obliquely inward toward the underside of the shoe bottom or, preferably convex, is arched and on which the support sole rests and is supported in the lateral direction.

The support sole is essentially comparable to the classic insole of a shoe floor and can be made according to the invention, for example from a viscoelastic foam (for example from an ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer (EVA) or copolymer (EVAC), in particular with a density of approximately 55 Asker ShoreC), a fiber composite material (e.g. carbon) or the like. The support sole can be flexibly deformed in any case.

The support sole of the shoe bottom is therefore supported in the region of its edge section on the rear foot part and on the forefoot part in the direction of the vertical axis of the support sole and in a direction radially outward toward the vertical axis. The support sole is therefore in the loaded and also in the relieved operating state, i. H. at any time, arranged in sections between the support device. When the shoe bottom is used as intended, a force application point of the floor reaction force that is eccentrically located with respect to the longitudinal center axis of the support sole can be centered in the direction of the longitudinal center axis of the support sole at any time during the stance phase. Due to the circular arrangement of the rear foot part of the elastically deformable support device in the rear area of the support sole, when the foot arranged on the support sole of the shoe bottom is placed, the point of action of the ground reaction force can be directly in the center of the U-shaped rear foot part of the support device, regardless of the attachment point or direction the heel bone of the foot is pushed and thus centered under the heel bone and the still neutral ankle. At a laterally offset force application point of the ground reaction force with respect to the longitudinal center axis, the accompanying eccentric compression of the rearfoot part, due to the mounting of the support plate according to the invention on the elastically deformable rearfoot part of the support device, leads to a corrective force directed in the ml direction towards the longitudinal center axis on the support plate section at which the KAP attacks.

With regard to the ml deflection described at the outset, the point of application of force is thus found in the operational use of the shoe bottom below the knee joint. The posterior part, ie the U-shaped rear foot part, of the support device enables ap-control of the force application point. When running External initial plantar flexion moments on the ankle can thus be counteracted on the shoe bottom. The ml centering of the force application point minimizes or eliminates the cause of the external eversion and adduction moments at the ankle.

It should also be noted that the front (anterior) opening of the rear foot part, which is formed by the U-shaped rear foot part of the support device, controls the point of application of force as if through a funnel when the shoe bottom comes into contact with the floor, and is guided centrally to the front and directed to the forefoot part of the midsole.

The forefoot part of the elastically deformable support device makes it possible to take over the force application point from the rear foot section of the shoe bottom and to guide it further anteriorly under the foot.

To facilitate the final handling of the push-off process, the forefoot part is preferably opened anteriorly. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the forefoot part can be U-shaped in a manner corresponding to the rear foot part and can grip around the forefoot section of the support sole (together with its front free end section or tip). The U-shaped forefoot part of the support device is then in the area of the apex, ie. H. in the area of the front free end section of the shoe bottom or the support sole, advantageously made of material weakened. In this case, the U-shaped forefoot part of the support device in the said area can in particular have a reduced overall height compared to the rest of the forefoot part (measured in the direction of the vertical axis of the shoe bottom).

Contrary to the shoe-shoe or running shoe concepts mentioned at the beginning, the shoe bottom according to the invention does not solely symptomatically counteract overpronation or eversion or knee adduction. Rather, the causes of these symptoms when running and thus the increased stress on the musculoskeletal system when running compared to the (everyday) stress can be reliably counteracted.

• der KAP (Kraftangriffspunkt) kann beim Fußaufsatz (=impact) bezüglich der Längsmittelachse bzw. Längsmittelebene in ml-Richtung zentriert und in ap (anterior-porsterior) Richtung zentriert nach anterior in Richtung des Vorfußbereichs geführt werden. Bei einem bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch des Schuhbodens kann dadurch eine Minimierung der externen Drehmomente in den Frontal- und Transversalebenen an Sprunggelenk und Kniegelenk (und der Reduktion des initialen Plantarflexions Momentes am Sprunggelenkes in der Sagittalebene) gewährleistet werden;
• ml-Zentrierung und ap-Bahnung (Leitung) des KAP beim Vorfußstütz und Abstoß mit dem Ziel der Minimierung der externen Drehmomente in der Frontaleben an Sprunggelenk und Kniegelenk und der Verbesserung der Vortriebseffizienz durch Minimierung von Muskelarbeit in den Sekundärebenen (Frontal- und Transversalebene); überflüssige Belastungen des Bewegungsapparates werden minimiert und eine nicht vortriebswirksame Muskelarbeit kann auf ein Minimum reduziert werden;
• der KAP kann vom Rückfußkontakt zum Vorfußkontakt unter Nutzung des biomechanischen Potenzials der biologischen Koppelelemente des Mittelfußes (Bänder, Sehnen, intrinsische Fußmuskeln) in ap-Richtung geführt werden;
• die KAP- Zentrierung kann bei allen Formen des Fußaufsatzes (gerade, nach außen gedreht, deutlich nach außen gedreht) gewährleistet werden. Dies ist vor dem Hintergrund, dass über 90% aller Läufer den Fuß beim Fußaufsatz nicht in Laufrichtung positionieren, sondern den Fuß mindestens 7° und mehr außenrotiert aufsetzen, bedeutsam. Demgegenüber sind die heute verfügbaren Schuhe zum Laufen mit ihren Flexbereichen, Dämpfungs- und Stützelementen für den geraden Fußaufsatz und damit für eine exakte Schuhposition in Laufrichtung konstruiert;
• das Potenzial der Gelenke und der biologischen Strukturen des Vorfußes (u.a. Querwölbung des unbelasteten Vorfußes) kann optimal genutzt werden;
• der Bewegungsablauf ist physiologischer und gewährleistet einen verbesserten Laufkomfort.

The following advantages can be realized in summary by the shoe bottom according to the invention:

• the KAP (force application point) can be centered in the foot direction (= impact) with respect to the longitudinal central axis or longitudinal central plane in the ml direction and centered in the ap (anterior-porsterior) direction anteriorly in the direction of the forefoot area. If the shoe bottom is used as intended, this can ensure a minimization of the external torques in the frontal and transverse planes at the ankle and knee joint (and the reduction in the initial plantar flexion moment at the ankle in the sagittal plane);
• ml centering and ap-leveling (management) of the KAP for forefoot support and push-off with the aim of minimizing the external torques in the frontal plane at the ankle and knee joint and improving the propulsion efficiency by minimizing muscle work in the secondary planes (frontal and transverse plane); superfluous loads on the musculoskeletal system are minimized and muscular work that does not advance can be reduced to a minimum;
• the KAP can be guided from the rear foot contact to the forefoot contact using the biomechanical potential of the biological coupling elements of the midfoot (ligaments, tendons, intrinsic foot muscles) in the ap direction;
• KAP centering can be guaranteed with all forms of the foot attachment (straight, turned outwards, clearly turned outwards). This is significant in view of the fact that over 90% of all runners do not position the foot in the direction of the foot attachment, but instead place the foot rotated at least 7 ° and more on the outside. In contrast, the shoes available for running today are designed with their flex areas, cushioning and support elements for the straight foot attachment and thus for an exact shoe position in the running direction;
• the potential of the joints and the biological structures of the forefoot (including transverse arching of the unloaded forefoot) can be optimally used;
• the movement sequence is more physiological and ensures improved walking comfort.

It goes without saying that the sole base according to the invention is also suitable for other shoes, in particular sports shoes.

If the support surface of the support device, in particular the rear foot part of the support device, is convex in cross-section, the support sole can have a receptacle or pocket for the support device, into which the support device engages. In this case, the support sole preferably has a contact or support surface for the support device in the area of the pocket that is curved (that is, complementary to the support surface, that is, concave, shaped) corresponding to the support surface.

According to the invention, a push-off island with an outsole covering is arranged between the two legs of the forefoot part of the support device. The repelling island can, for example, consist of foamed soft rubber, preferably with a low density of approximately 40 Asker ShoreC.

The surface of the outsole covering of the push-off island is preferably set back, ie lowered, relative to the surface of the outsole covering of the two legs of the forefoot part of the support device in the direction of the vertical axis (z direction) of the shoe bottom. In practice, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the height difference mentioned is between 2 and 4 millimeters, in particular 3 millimeters. When the shoe bottom is used as intended, the metatarsal heads (anterior ends of the metatarsalia) of the foot placed on the shoe bottom are slightly arched when the forefoot is put on. This starts the forefoot contact with the contact of the foot edges on the medial and lateral legs of the forefoot part of the elastically deformable support device. These are immediately deformed while running and lower when force is applied. When taking over the load through the forefoot part of the support device, the transverse arch of the forefoot dissolves and the now flat row of metatarsal heads penetrates into the elastically deformable repelling island with a homogeneous load distribution but a central ml position of the force application point. After appropriate compression of the material, especially foamed elastomer or rubber, the push-off island forms a stable impression platform for push-off while running.

According to the invention, the repelling island is preferably segmented by flex zones in order to ensure the necessary flexibility of the shoe bottom when it is used. The course of the flex zones can, according to the invention, be adapted to an externally rotated foot attachment that is frequently found in runners.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the leg of the rear foot part arranged medially on the support sole and the leg of the forefoot part arranged medially can merge into one another in the area of the coupling section (metatarsal bridge of the support sole). In other words, the two aforementioned legs can be made in one piece in this area. As a result, a particularly large support of the foot can be achieved in the area of the longitudinal arch spanning the coupling section of the foot standing on the shoe bottom.

According to the invention, the cross section of the forefoot part of the support device is preferably smaller overall than the cross section of the rear foot part (RFT) of the support device. According to a preferred development, the overall height of the forefoot part decreases in the direction of the central axis of the shoe bottom toward the tip of the shoe bottom.

The rear foot part and the forefoot part of the support device preferably comprise an elastomer or are formed from such an elastomer. As a result, a desired damping capacity of the shoe bottom can be set in a simple and inexpensive manner.

The rear foot part and the forefoot part can each consist of solid material or a foamed elastomer or can comprise this. The rear foot part (RFT) and / or the forefoot part (VFT) of the support device can, for example be made from a (highly responsive) thermoplastic elastomer, such as low-density thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) (45-50 Asker ShoreC). Alternatively, the support device can also consist of an elastically deformable fiber composite material.

According to a particularly preferred development of the invention, the rear foot part and the forefoot part of the support device are each tubular. As a result, a particularly high mechanical damping capacity of the support device can be achieved.

Most preferably, the support means, i.e. the rear foot part and the forefoot part, in total or over a large part of their (longitudinal) extension, a round, i.e. essentially circular or ellipsoidal, cross-sectional shape. The thereby (functionally) almost punctiform support under the strand-like or tubular support device already enables the undesired joint-side leverage of the ground reaction forces to be minimized upon the first contact of the shoe bottom (= impact ") with the floor.

The support device is preferably glued to the support sole. Alternatively or additionally, the support device can also be welded to the support sole or held in a press fit on the support sole.

The support device can have at least two sections which differ from one another in their material properties. For example, the two medial legs of the rear foot part and the forefoot part can be made of a less elastic material than the other areas of the support device. In this way, a desired support capacity of the support device can be adapted to the (individual) needs in some areas.

The outsole covering of the shoe bottom can in particular be profiled according to the invention and preferably consists of an advantageously abrasion-resistant rubber or other suitable material. The outsole covering creates the necessary friction between the shoe bottom and the respective surface guaranteed and counteracts undesired slipping, especially when the foot attachment and the impression (push off).

The shoe according to the invention has a sole bottom and, in a manner known per se, an upper part fastened to the sole bottom. The shoe can in particular be designed as a running shoe. It goes without saying that the shoe can also be designed for sports other than running, in particular for tennis, sqash, or as a so-called leisure shoe.

Further advantages of the invention result from the description and the drawing. Likewise, according to the invention, the features mentioned above and those which have been elaborated further can be used individually or in combination in any combination. The embodiments shown and described are not to be understood as an exhaustive list, but rather have an exemplary character for the description of the invention.

Fig. 1

eine schematisierte Darstellung eines Läufers mit Darstellung der Bodenreaktionskräfte für zeitlich aufeinanderfolgende Zeitpunkte des Bewegungsablaufs;

Fig. 2

Rückfuß, Unterschenkel und Knie in der frühen Standphase mit Bodenreaktionskraft sowie resultierender Hebel der Bodenreaktionskraft zum Sprunggelenk und Kniegelenk bei Einsatz eines Schuhs mit herkömmlichen Schuhbodenkonzept, Darstellung jeweils in der Frontalebene;

Fig. 3

einen herkömmlichen Schuhboden eines Laufschuhs mit Darstellung der Bodenreaktionskräfte, dem räumlichen Bewegungsverlauf des Kraftangriffspunkts in der Ebene des Schuhbodens, in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;

Fig. 4

einen erfindungsgemäßen Laufschuh mit einem Schuhboden mit einer Tragsohle und mit einer elastisch verformbaren Stützeinrichtung, auf dem die Tragsohle mit ihrem Randabschnitt unterseitig abgestützt ist, wobei die Stützeinrichtung ein Rückfußteil aufweist, das das hinteren Sohlenabschnitt zumindest abschnittsweise U-förmig umgreift und mit einem Vorfußteil, der mit seinen beiden Schenkeln den Vorfußabschnitt der Tragsohle seitlich umrahmt;

Fig. 5

den Schuhboden in einer freigestellten Seitenansicht;

Fig. 6

den Schuhboden des Schuhs gemäß Fig. 4 in einer Draufsicht auf den unteren Laufbelag;

Fig. 7

den Schuhboden des Schuhs gemäß Fig. 4 in einem Längsschnitt;

Fig. 8

den Schuhboden gemäß Fig. 7 in einem Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 6 mit F-F bezeichneten Schnittlinie;

Fig. 9

den Schuhboden gemäß Fig. 7 in einem Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 6 mit D-D bezeichneten Schnittlinie;

Fig. 10

den Schuhboden gemäß Fig. 7 in einem Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 6 mit C-C bezeichneten Schnittlinie;

Fig. 11

den Schuhboden gemäß Fig. 7 in einem Querschnitt entlang der in Fig. 6 mit B-B bezeichneten Schnittlinie;

Fig. 12

eine schematisierte Darstellung des Wirkprinzips des erfindungsgemäßen Schuhbodens gemäß den Fign. 4 bis 11;

Fig, 13

den erfindungsgemäßen Schuhboden gemäß Fig. 4 mit Darstellung der Bodenreaktionskräfte sowie der Lokalisation des Kraftangriffspunkts am Schuhboden während einer Bodenkontaktphase, in einer perspektivischen Ansicht; und

Fig. 14

Rückfuß, Unterschenkel und Knie in der frühen Standphase mit Bodenreaktionskraft sowie resultierender Hebel der Bodenreaktionskraft zum Sprunggelenk und Kniegelenk bei Einsatz eines Schuhs gemäß Fig. 4 mit erfindungsgemäßem Schuhbodenkonzept, Darstellung jeweils in der Frontalebene.

The drawing shows:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a runner showing the ground reaction forces for successive points in time of the movement sequence;

Fig. 2

Rearfoot, lower leg and knee in the early stance phase with ground reaction force as well as the resulting leverage of the ground reaction force to the ankle and knee joint when using a shoe with a conventional shoe bottom concept, each shown in the frontal plane;

Fig. 3

a conventional shoe bottom of a running shoe with representation of the ground reaction forces, the spatial course of movement of the Force application point in the plane of the shoe bottom, in a perspective view;

Fig. 4

a running shoe according to the invention with a shoe bottom with a support sole and with an elastically deformable support device, on which the support sole is supported with its edge section on the underside, the support device having a rear foot part which engages around the rear sole section at least in sections in a U-shape and with a forefoot part which with both legs framing the forefoot section of the support sole on the side;

Fig. 5

the shoe bottom in an isolated side view;

Fig. 6

the bottom of the shoe according to Fig. 4 in a top view of the lower tread;

Fig. 7

the bottom of the shoe according to Fig. 4 in a longitudinal section;

Fig. 8

the shoe bottom according Fig. 7 in a cross section along the in Fig. 6 cut line marked FF;

Fig. 9

the shoe bottom according Fig. 7 in a cross section along the in Fig. 6 cut line marked with DD;

Fig. 10

the shoe bottom according Fig. 7 in a cross section along the in Fig. 6 cut line designated CC;

Fig. 11

the shoe bottom according Fig. 7 in a cross section along the in Fig. 6 cut line labeled BB;

Fig. 12

a schematic representation of the principle of action of the shoe bottom according to the invention Fig. 4 to 11 ;

Fig. 13

the shoe bottom according to the invention Fig. 4 with a representation of the ground reaction forces and the location of the force application point on the shoe bottom during a contact with the ground, in a perspective view; and

Fig. 14

Rearfoot, lower leg and knee in the early stance phase with ground reaction force as well as the resulting lever of the ground reaction force to the ankle and knee joint when using a shoe Fig. 4 with inventive shoe bottom concept, representation in the frontal plane.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic series image of a runner 10 during a natural running movement at different times from the beginning of the ground contact of a foot 12 to after the bounce phase of the foot 12 in question, with the ground reaction force f respectively shown, in a side view.

Fig. 2 shows the foot 16 provided with a shoe 14 , the ankle 18 , the lower leg 20 and the knee joint 22 of the runner 10 ( Fig. 1 ) with ground contact in the early stance phase at successive times A, B, C with faded-in ground reaction force f in the frontal plane.

The ground reaction force f (more precisely its medio-lateral (ml- / y-) component and z-component according to a right-handed three-dimensional coordinate system) causes an external eversion moment at the ankle 18 in the early support phase, which tilts the rearfoot inwards (B, C) and urges the ankle 16 medially with the distal tibia of the lower leg 18. The medialization of the distal tibia results in an increased adduction of the knee joint 20 and an increase in the lever of the floor reaction forces f in the frontal plane to the knee joint. As a result, the external adduction moment at the knee joint 20 increases (C). Leverage forces derived from the ground reaction forces f on the ankle and knee joints 18, 22 can lead to overloading and damage to the ankle joint 18 and the knee joint 20 and require unnecessary muscle work.

In Fig. 3 Force application points (KAP) 23 of the ground reaction forces f introduced into a conventional shoe bottom 24 of a shoe are shown in two-dimensionally resolved positions in their respective position on the shoe bottom 24 during a floor contract phase. From the posterior to the anterior, the force application points 22 show clear medial / lateral deviations from the longitudinal central axis 26 of the shoe bottom 24, which essentially coincides with the axial projection of the longitudinal axis of the foot.

Fig. 4 shows a shoe 14 according to the invention, here by way of example in the form of a jogging or running shoe, which has a shoe bottom 24 and a shoe upper 28 , which is connected in a suitable manner to the shoe bottom 24, for example glued, welded and / or sewn. The depiction of a lacing or a different type of closure system has been omitted here, especially since this is not essential for the presentation of the invention.

The shoe bottom 24 is in the Fig. 5 and 6 each shown in a cropped view. The shoe bottom 24 has an elastically deformable support sole 30 which essentially corresponds functionally to an insole. The support sole 30 comprises a rear foot section 32 and a forefoot section 34 ( Fig. 6 ), which are connected to one another via a metatarsal or coupling section 36 . The support sole 30 is functionally essentially comparable to the classic insole of a shoe bottom 24. The support sole 30 can, for example, be made of a viscoelastic foam, e.g. B. an ethylene-vinyl acetate or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAC), for example with a density of about 55 Asker ShoreC. It should be noted that other elastically deformable materials can also be used. For example, the support sole can comprise a flexibly deformable fiber composite material with natural fibers or synthetic fibers or consist of such a material.

An elastically deformable support device 38 is fastened to the support sole 30. The support device 38 can in particular be glued to the support sole 30. Depending on the materials used for the support sole 30 and the support device 38, the support device 38 can also be welded to the support sole 30 or held in a press fit in / on the support sole 30. The material of the support sole 30 is preferably stiffer, ie less elastically deformable, than the material of the support device 38.

The support device 38 in turn comprises a U-shaped rear foot part 40 which surrounds the rear foot section 32 of the support sole 30. The rear foot part 40 has a first (lateral) and a second (medial) leg 42 , 44 which are connected to one another via a back section 46 . The rear foot part 40 thus frames the rear foot section 32 of the support sole.

The elastically deformable support device 38 further comprises a forefoot part, generally designated 48 , with a first (lateral) and with a second (medial) leg 50, 52 , which are each arranged along mutually opposite edge sections 54 of the forefoot section 34 of the support sole 30. The forefoot part 48 is preferably fastened to the support sole in a manner corresponding to the rear foot part 40.

The rear foot part 40 can in particular be made in one piece. In the embodiment shown, the U-shaped rear foot part 40 of the support device 38 forms an opening 58 pointing forward in the direction of the longitudinal central axis 26 (x-axis) of the shoe bottom 24 toward the front end of the shoe bottom, ie toward the shoe bottom tip 56 . A free space 60 is delimited by the rear foot part of the support device in a direction radial to the vertical axis 59 (z-axis) of the shoe bottom 24, which space is delimited on the upper side in the vertical direction by the support sole 30.

An outsole covering 62 is fastened on the underside of the support device 38, ie on the rear foot part 40 and the forefoot part 48. The outsole covering 62 consists of a material suitable for the respective area of use of the shoe 14 and can be provided with a profile 64 in a manner known per se. The outsole covering 62 is preferably glued to the support device 38 from a production point of view or is fastened to the support device 38 in another suitable manner.

A repelling island 66 is arranged between the two legs 50, 52 of the forefoot part 48 of the support device 38. The repelling island 66 is elastically deformable and forms an imprint platform for pushing off while running. The kick island 66 is advantageously segmented by flex zones 68 in order to ensure the necessary flexibility of the shoe bottom 24 when running. The spatial configuration of the flex zones 68 relative to the support sole 30 can be adapted to an externally rotated foot attachment that is frequently encountered with runners. It should be noted that the repelling island 66 is not arranged flush with the surface 70 of its outsole covering 62 to the surface 70 of the outsole covering 62 of the two legs 50, 52 of the forefoot part 48 of the support device 38 in the direction of the vertical axis 59 (z direction). The repelling island 66 is rather set back with respect to the surface 70 of the outsole covering 62 of the forefoot part 48 by a few millimeters, for example 2 to 4 millimeters.

The support sole 30 is supported on the elastically deformable support device 38 in FIGS 7 to 11 shown in more detail. Fig. 7 shows the shoe bottom 24 in a longitudinal section along the longitudinal center plane L of the shoe bottom 24, while in the Fig. 8 to 11 individual cross sections of the shoe bottom 24 are reproduced.

According to the Fig. 7 and 8 the rear foot part 40 of the elastically deformable support device 38 has an almost round, here oval cross-sectional shape. The support device 38 can be made of a solid material that is foamed, if necessary, or alternatively can also be tubular. An elastically deformable fiber composite material is also conceivable.

The large outer radius of the rear foot part 40 ( Fig. 7 ) counteracts undesirable leverage on the ankle and knee joint. According to the in the Fig. 9 to 11 Shown sectional views of the shoe bottom 24 shown, the support device 38 has a round or rounded cross-sectional shape.

The rear foot part 40 and the forefoot part 48 each have a support surface 72 which is arranged in an inclined manner toward the underside of the shoe bottom or is convexly curved and on which the support sole 30 rests and in a lateral direction, ie in a direction to the vertical axis (z- Direction) radial direction towards the outside, is supported.

In the area of the rear foot part, the support surface of the support device is convex. The cross-section of the support sole has a concave contact or support surface 74 which is shaped or complementary thereto. The rear foot part 40 of the support device 38 positively engages in the receptacle or pocket 76 of the support sole 30 formed thereby.

The forefoot part 48 of the support device has a lower overall height h than the rear foot part 40. The cross-sectional area of the forefoot part 48 of the support device 38 increases towards the tip of the shoe bottom 56 ( Fig. 7 ) down. The lateral extent of the support surfaces 72 of the forefoot part 48 of the support device 38 becomes progressively smaller along the longitudinal central axis 26 of the sole bottom in the direction of the shoe bottom tip 56.

In the Fig. 9 to 11 the surface 70 of the push-off island 66 which is set back (recessed) in relation to the surface 70 of the outsole covering 62 can be clearly seen.

The coordinated elastic deformability of the support sole 30 and the support device 38 mediating the ground contact with the outsole covering 62 and the laterally supported mounting of the support sole 30 on the support device 38 make it possible to apply the force application point 23 when the shoe base 24 is placed with respect to the longitudinal center axis 26 or longitudinal center plane L. center in the ml direction and center in the ap- (anterior-posterior) direction anteriorly in the direction of the forefoot area, as this is very schematized with the arrows P in Fig. 12 as well as in a too Fig. 3 corresponding way in Fig. 13 is shown. As a result, external torques in the frontal and transverse planes at the ankle 18 and the knee joint 22 according to FIG Fig. 14 be minimized. In addition, the force application point 23 can be guided from the rear foot contact to the forefoot contact with improved use of the biomechanical potential of the biological coupling elements of the midfoot (ligaments, tendons, intrinsic foot muscles) in the ap direction to the front of the forefoot. Thanks to the ml centering and ap-leveling of the force application point when forefoot support and push-off, the Driving efficiency can be improved. The advantages of the shoe bottom 24 according to the invention are present in all forms of the foot attachment.

Claims (13)

Shoe bottom (24) for a shoe, in particular for running, with an elastically deformable support sole (30) which has a rear foot section (32) and a forefoot section (34) which are connected to one another via a coupling section (36), and with a on the support sole (30) arranged elastically deformable support device (38) which carries an outsole covering (62), the support device (38) comprising: - A rear foot part 40) which surrounds the rear foot portion (32) of the support sole (30) in a U-shape; and a forefoot part (48) with two legs (50, 52) which are arranged on mutually opposite side edge sections (54) of the forefoot section (34), the rear foot part 40) and the forefoot part (48) each having a support surface (72), which is arranged obliquely to the underside of the shoe bottom (24) or is curved, preferably convex, and on which the support sole (30) rests and is supported in the lateral direction. Shoe bottom (24) according to claim 1, characterized in that the forefoot section (48) has a jump island (66) with outsole covering (62), the surface (72) of which relative to the surface (72) of the outsole covering (62) of the forefoot part (48) in the direction of the vertical axis (59) of the sole base (24) is arranged set back. Shoe bottom (24) according to claim 2, characterized in that the push-off island together with its outsole covering (62) is segmented by flex zones (68) which are preferably matched to an externally rotated attachment of the sole bottom while running. Shoe bottom (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two legs (50, 52) of the forefoot part (48) of the support device (38) are made in one piece with one another, so that the forefoot part (48) supports the support sole (30) in the area the shoe bottom tip (56) engages. Shoe bottom (24) according to claim 4, characterized in that the forefoot part (48) of the support device (38) is weakened in the area of the shoe bottom tip (56). Shoe bottom (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the legs (42, 44, 50, 52) of the rear foot part (40) and the forefoot part (48) arranged medially on the support sole (30) are integrally connected to one another. Shoe bottom (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support device (38) has an essentially round cross-sectional shape, preferably over a large part of its extent or over its entire extent. Shoe bottom (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support device (38) is tubular or is designed as a, preferably strand-shaped, full profile. Shoe bottom (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support device (38) comprises an elastomer or is formed by an elastomer. Shoe bottom (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support device (38) has different material properties, in particular different elasticity, at least in sections. Shoe bottom (24) according to claim 10, characterized in that the support device along the medial side edge portion (54) of the support sole (30) is less elastically deformable than in the area of the lateral side edge portion (54) of the support sole (30). Shoe bottom (24) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support device (30) is welded to the support sole (30) and / or is glued to the support sole (30). Shoe (14), in particular sports shoe for running, having a shoe bottom (24) according to one of claims 1 to 12.

Images