DE10212862C1 - Sole and shoe - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a shoe sole, in particular for a sports shoe with a first load distribution plate (100) arranged in the forefoot part of the shoe sole and with at least a lateral (110, 112) and a medial (111, 113) deformation element, wherein the first load distribution plate (100) starting from the rear end of the forefoot part at least partly encases the lateral (110, 112) and/or the medial (111, 113) deformation element. <??>Preferably, a second load distribution plate (10) is additionally arranged in the heel part of the shoe sole with at least one cushioning element (20) arranged below the second load distribution plate, determining the cushioning properties of the shoe sole during first ground contact with the heel and with at least one guidance element (21, 22) arranged below the second load distribution plate (10) with material properties bringing the foot after the first ground contact into a neutral position. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a shoe sole, in particular for use dung in a sports shoe, and a shoe.

Shoe oils have to meet two requirements in the first place. On the one hand they provide a good grip on the ground, on the other hand they are supposed to be in one Sufficiently dampen the step reaction forces occurring to the Reduce stress on the muscles and the skeleton.

In traditional shoe making, the first task is from the outside sole taken over, while a cushion for cushioning above the outsole sole is arranged. With sports shoes but also with other shoes, the greater mechanical loads are subjected to the intermediate sole typically made entirely of foamed EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) manufactured.

The closer examination of the biomechanical processes while running has ever led to the realization that a homogeneously designed midsole complex processes during a step cycle. The Be sequence of movements from touching down with the heel to pushing off with the toe rich is a three-dimensional process with a multitude of complex rotating movements foot movements from the lateral to the medial side and back.  

In order to influence this process in a targeted manner, the foamed midsole different support elements with differ Chen material properties inserted, for example, targeted a supination or prevent excessive pronation of the wearer of the shoe. this applies especially for the forefoot area, the rolling and pushing behavior determined, but also for the heel area of the sole, which the behavior of the Influenced shoe in the touchdown phase.  

Examples of such support elements are from DE 199 04 744 A1 by the applicant known.  

Although these developments have made some progress in the biomechanical control of the step cycle, there are a number of disadvantages:
The addition of special support elements in the foamed midsole leads to a considerable increase in weight of the shoe, which is particularly noticeable with running shoes. Furthermore, the integration of the support elements into the surrounding sole material substantially increases the manufacturing costs of the sole, since each of these elements must be securely connected to the surrounding midsole by gluing, fusing, etc. when manufacturing a shoe.

Finally, the described approach from the prior art complicates the simple and inexpensive adaptation of the biomechanical properties of the Midsole, as any change in the support elements, be it in relation to it Material or their shape a completely redesigned midsole requires. A quick adaptation of a shoe model to new knowledge of biomechanical research or to changing requirements for new ones Sports are not possible with it.  

From the subsequently published DE 101 12 821 C1 by the applicant is one Known shoe sole, which has a load distribution plate, below which several functional elements with different material properties are arranged. Since the load distribution plate is only located in the heel area, it does not allow control of the biomechanical processes when repelling with the foot.

The present invention is therefore based on the problem of an easy one Provide shoe sole as well as a shoe that is simple and inexpensive can be produced, and their biomechanical properties in the forefoot area can be changed without great design effort.  

This task is accomplished with the features of the 1st patent claim solved.

The present invention relates to a shoe sole, in particular for a sport shoe, with a first load distribution plate in the forefoot area of the shoe sole is arranged and with at least one lateral and one medial ver shaping element, wherein the first load distribution plate at least the lateral and / or the medial deformation element from the rear end of the forefoot at least partially encompassing the empire.

According to the invention, a load distribution plate is thus provided, which as a Carrier for the functional elements of the shoe sole is used. This structural element ment transmits and distributes the response behavior of the individual deformation elements ment to external loads on the front area of the foot. Through the Number, arrangement and the specific material properties of the lateral and of the medial deformation element, the sequence of movements during abrol len and repel influence much more targeted than before, for example in With regard to preventing supination or pronation that is too strong. In other words, the independent deformation elements enable one exact adaptation to the deformities required in a certain area onsanforderungen.

Since the load distribution plate removes the deformation elements from the rear end of the Grips forefoot area starting, on the one hand in the area of the Fußge thanks to the three-dimensional design of the load distribution plate more support and, on the other hand, a high degree of flexibility, Damping or for elastic energy storage, for the preceding one the foot area allows. It turns out that other deformation elements are more suitable, the previous or changed requirements for the sole to match, they can easily replace the previously used occur without any changes in the other manufacturing process the sole are required.  

Finally, the construction of the forefoot area according to the invention with separately arranged deformation elements instead of one throughout foamed material significantly reduces the total weight of the sole.

The lateral and the medial deformation element are preferably one Spaced from each other below the first load distribution plate deform independently of each other when the sole of the shoe is loaded. The separate arrangement of the individual deformation elements allows different than when integrated into a surrounding EVA foam, a completely un affected deformation of each element.

The first load distribution plate preferably has the shape of an opening toward the front neten U on. This design leads to increased structural stability of the Sole, since the deformation elements from behind and from below from the first Load distribution plate can be edged.

The first load distribution plate preferably has a lateral and a medial one Underside, which can be deflected independently of one another and to do so preferably by an incision in the first load distribution plate from one another who are separated. This cut reflects on the side of the load distribution plate the separate provision of a lateral and a medial deformation element again. The response behavior of the sole on the medial side can therefore regardless of behavior on the lateral side of the forefoot area be put.

In a preferred embodiment, a rear lateral, a front lateral, a rear medial and a front medial deformation element at a distance from each other below the first load distribution plate assigns. Furthermore, a toe deformation element in the foremost loading is preferred rich under the first load distribution plate at a distance from the others  Deformation elements provided. The individual deformation elements are loaded with the foot one after the other when rolling and pushing off. Your respective Material properties, especially their compressibility, therefore enable everyone Targeting section of this process, both on the lateral and also on the media side. The toe-deforming element preferably protrudes point the first load distribution plate forward and has a special elasticity strength that makes pushing off the floor easier.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment, there is also a second load distribution plate arranged in the heel area of the shoe sole at least one arranged below the second load distribution plate Damping element that shows the damping behavior of the shoe sole at first Ground contact with the heel and determined with at least one below the second load distribution plate arranged guide element with material properties the foot in a neutral position after the first contact with the ground bring.

While the damping element the joints and muscles before the first Protects ground contact forces occurring through the mate riale Properties of the guide element ensures that already immediately after touchdown a "pronation control" takes place, through which the foot enters the correct middle position is brought for this stage of the step cycle.

The second load distribution plate in the heel area provides an even one force distribution on the heel safely and on the other hand ensures that the Damping and leadership effect of the elements mentioned not on individual Partial areas of the heel is limited, but evenly over the entire rear foot area is transmitted. In addition to the damping function, the Foot for the subsequent rolling phase over the forefoot according to the invention well prepared.  

There is preferably a lateral and a medial guide element below the arranged second load distribution plate. The interaction of these two Functional units enable the controlled when putting on the shoe sole Transition of the center of gravity from the rear lateral side to the center of the Heel.

Furthermore, there is preferably additionally a stability element below the second Load distribution plate arranged, which has material properties with which pronation too strong when moving into the rolling phase of a step cycle is prevented. This prevents the function of the guide elements additional stability element an excessive rotation of the foot on the medial Page. As in the case of the guide elements, the expert immediately recognizes bar that the essential material property that ver can be applied, the compressibility of the corresponding elements among the occurring loads.

Preferably take the damping element, the two guide elements and the stability element each have a substantially sector-shaped area of the Area below the second load distribution plate, the damping element essentially the posterior lateral area, the first guide element ment the front lateral area, the second guide element the rear medial area and the stability element the anterior medial area of the Heel area of the shoe sole occupies.

This preferred arrangement of the functional elements advantageously enables Complete "pronation control" from the first ground contact to the Transition to the rolling phase: After the damping compression of the damper the first contact with the ground is arranged diagonally Guide elements guide the center of gravity in the middle of the heel. The Stability element arranged in the front medial area ensures that  the focus does not turn too much on the foot in the course of another turn media side migrates.

To increase the lifespan of the sole construction according to the invention preferably engages the second load distribution plate similar to the first load distributor partition plate at least partially U-shaped the damping and / or Guide and / or the stability element (s). In mirror image of the preferred Formation of the first load distribution plate is the U-shaped encirclement of the second load distribution plate preferably at the forefoot area facing end arranged to the damping at the rear end to provide the greatest flexibility. At the same time it is in the middle Sole area ensures the necessary support of the arch of the foot.

Additional advantageous developments of the sole according to the invention bil the subject of further dependent claims.

Preferred embodiments are currently described in the following detailed description tion forms of the invention described with reference to the drawing, in that shows:

Figure 1 is a side view of a shoe with a sole according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the sole of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the forefoot of the sole of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4-6 top view, side view and bottom view of an embodiment example of the first load distribution plate;

Fig. 7 exploded view of the forefoot area according to an exemplary embodiment from the invention;

Fig. 8 side view of another embodiment of the present invention with a second load distribution plate in the heel area;

Fig. 9 is a rear view of the shoe of Fig. 8;

Figure 10 is a bottom view of the shoe of Figure 8;

FIG. 11 is a detail view of the heel part from below;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a preferred execution form of the heel part;

Fig. 13a-d schematic representation of the guidance of the force line from touchdown to repulsion with the ge shown in Figures 8-12 preferred embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a shoe with an alternative embodiment of the sole according to the Invention; and

Fig. 15 is a bottom view of the embodiment of Fig. 14.

The following are preferred embodiments of the invention Sole described using a sports shoe. However, it is understood that the The present invention can also be used in other shoes.  

Fig. 1 shows a schematically simplified side view of a sports shoe 1 , the sole of which realizes the basic principle of the present invention. A shoe sole with a forefoot area according to the invention is arranged below a conventional shoe upper 2 . In the forefoot area, which is to be understood below as the front half of the foot, several deformation elements are arranged below a U-shaped load distribution plate 100 . The U-shaped grip leads on the one hand to greater structural stability of the sole according to the invention, in that two of the deformation elements explained below are at least partially encompassed on several of their sides, and on the other hand to greater rigidity in the rear forefoot area which lies below the arch of the foot and therefore serves to support it.

Fig. 2 shows in a bottom view the preferred distribution of the individual deformation elements below the load distribution plate 100. Starting from the center of the sole, a rear lateral deformation element 110 is arranged next to a rear medial deformation element 111 , followed by a front lateral deformation element 112 and a front medial deformation element 113 . The end is formed by a toe deformation element 114 , which is located in the toe area at the foremost end of the shoe sole. As can be clearly seen in FIG. 2, the deformation elements 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 are each fixed to the load distribution plate 100 at a distance 120 from below. This enables a completely independent deformation of each individual element. The deformation elements 110 and 111 have primarily a guiding function, ie they keep the foot in a neutral position between supination and pronation on the transition to the rolling phase of the forefoot area. The deformation elements 112 and 113 and in particular the toe deformation element 114 are increasingly elastic (see below).

The distances 120 are preferably arranged in a star shape. However, other distributions of the lateral and medial deformation elements are also possible, for example with straight lines that run from the medial to the lateral side. In individual cases, it is also conceivable that the edges of the deformation elements touch. However, this is meaningless as long as an essentially independent deformation of each individual deformation element is ensured. The toe deformation element 114 can also be formed in two parts, as indicated by the broken line in FIG. 2. Intermediate forms are also conceivable in which only a groove-like depression is arranged between the lateral and the medial region of the toe deformation element 114 in order to provide separate lateral and medial repulsion regions for the forefoot region.

The compression behavior of the deformation elements 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 can be determined by different material properties, but also different sizes and geometries, in order to influence the rolling behavior of the shoe in a targeted manner: For example, a front medial deformation element 113 and / or a rear medial deformation element 111 , which has a greater hardness than the other deformation elements, counteract pronation. If an athlete tends to supination, conversely, this deficiency could be counteracted by a front lateral deformation element 112 and / or a rear lateral deformation element 110 of greater hardness. Similarly, differences between the front and rear deformation elements of the lateral and / or the medial side can also be provided. In general, EVA elements based on a rubber mixture and having hardnesses of, for example, 57 Shore C are used for the deformation elements. It is also conceivable not to provide a deformation element with a constant hardness but rather a hardness gradient, ie a hardness that changes over its extent.

The shape can also influence the deformation behavior. So leads for example a concave indentation on the outside of a deformation  elements with a different characteristic (softer) than a convex bulge (harder).

For the toe deformation element 114 , the use of highly elastic materials lends itself, which deform largely without loss of energy and thereby facilitate pushing off the ground. At the beginning of the rolling phase, this element is initially “charged” by the increasing load, ie potential energy is stored in the element due to the elastic deformation. At the end of the rolling phase, ie immediately when pushing off, the stored energy is released again in order to be transmitted in the form of kinetic energy to the wearer's foot and thereby to support the movement sequence.

Overall, the person skilled in the art recognizes that the present invention is, as it were, Provides building blocks to achieve a wide variety of sole properties, oh ne that a change in these properties is a change in manufacturing process for the sole according to the invention.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show detailed views of a preferred embodiment of the load distribution plate 100. The side view in FIG. 5 clearly shows the small holding webs 101 , which laterally limit the areas for receiving the deformation elements 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 . Through this Halteste ge 101 a lateral slipping is prevented even by the U-shaped encompassing deformation elements 112 , 113 , 114 prevented without having to support each other. The toe deformation element 114 has an edge 115 , with which it also finds support from the front on the upper part 109 of the load distribution plate 100 . The assembly of the deformation elements 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 and the load distribution plate 100 as well as the construction details just explained become particularly clear in the exploded view in FIG. 7.

The lower leg, ie the underside of the U-shaped grip around the load distribution plate 100, is shorter than its upper side 109 (see FIGS. 5, 7). In addition, the lower leg is formed in two parts, with a lateral underside 105 and a medial underside 106 , which are separated from one another by an incision 107 . This allows a separate, deflection of the me dialen and the lateral underside of the load distribution plate 100 , possibly with a different restoring force. This once again reflects the possibilities of how the behavior of the sole on the medial and on the lateral side of the forefoot area can be adjusted independently of one another with the present invention.

The load distribution plate 100 is preferably made of a resilient plastic, which on the one hand has sufficient bending stiffness to distribute the loads transmitted by the individual deformation elements over a large area and on the other hand is sufficiently tough to withstand the constant stresses over a long period of time. Pe bax® 7233, such as that offered by Atochem, is preferably used. Another plastic material preferred for the load distribution plate 100 is available under the name Hytrel®. However, it is also conceivable to use carbon fibers, glass fibers, Kevlar®, suitable composite materials or metal sheets with appropriate material properties.

FIG. 3 shows an example of how design elements of the invention can be integrated into a complete sole. In addition to the already described deformation elements and the load distribution plate, a front outsole 200 can be seen which closes the sole in the forefoot area at the bottom. Depending on the purpose of the shoe, the profile of the outsole will be designed differently.

In order not to hinder a separate deformation of the deformation elements, the distances 120 are covered by bellows-like connections 201 of the outsole 200 . For example, if the deformation element 113 is deformed more than the deformation element 111 for a given situation, the corresponding distance 120 to be covered by the outsole becomes larger. This change tion can, however, be easily compensated for by the bellows-like connection 201 of the outsole 200 , so that the two deformation elements 111 and 113 can also react substantially independently of one another to occurring loads. The connections thus prevent dust or moisture from penetrating into the distances 120 without, however, hindering the dynamic behavior of the deformation elements.

Fig. 8 shows a side view of a shoe 1 with a shoe sole according to a further embodiment of the present invention. In addition to the above described sole construction in the forefoot of the sole 8, only the side edge extends in the heel part a second load distribution plate 10 from which in Fig. Can be seen. Below the load distribution plate 10 and thus also in the heel area of the sole, several functional elements are arranged. The side view shows a damping element 20 provided at the lateral end of the sole and a guide element 21 provided in the front part of the heel area.

An exact representation of the preferred arrangement of all. Functional elements of the heel region of this embodiment are shown in Fig. 11 (the outsole layer 30 seen in the side view has been omitted for clarity). As can be seen, four functional elements 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 are distributed on sectors of the approximately circular area under the load distribution plate 10 . The damping element 20 essentially occupies the rear lateral sector. The first guide element 21 is located in the front late ral region, while a second guide element 22 is arranged on the rear medial part. An additional stability element 23 arranged in the front medial sector extends furthest in the direction of the forefoot area. The stability element 23 can, as indicated in FIG. 11, also extend laterally beyond the edge of the load distribution plate 10 , in order to better fulfill the function explained below in detail to prevent excessive pronation.

As can be seen from the perspective view in FIG. 12 and the side view in FIG. 8, the preferred second load distribution plate 10 is angled in a U-shape in the front area similar to the first load distribution plate 100 and encompasses the stability element 23 and the first guide element 21 . The second load distribution plate 10 thus likewise forms a housing-like structural element, in the interior of which the functional elements mentioned are inserted. This gives the entire heel area the stability required for a long service life.

Between the damping element 20 and the guide elements 21 , 22 are the substantially sectoral distances 27 , into which additional reinforcement elements (not shown) can be inserted, as in the distances 120 in the forefoot area (not shown), when the shoe is subjected to particularly high loads. In the circular recess 25 in the center of the load distribution plate 10 , a further highly viscous damping element (not shown) can be arranged, if necessary, in order to provide particularly good damping directly under the calcaneus bone of the foot.

As can be seen, the second load distribution plate 10 is continuous except for a preferably star-shaped opening 11 in order to ensure a uniform pressure distribution on the heel of the athlete. The star-shaped opening 11 - other shapes are possible - serves breathability and facilitates the anchoring of the functional elements 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 below the second load distribution plate 10 . However, it is also conceivable here to use retaining webs 101 as on the first load distribution plate 100 in order to prevent lateral slippage.

The effect of the heel area and the forefoot area according to the invention according to the preferred embodiment of the invention achieved by the combination of the first and second load distribution plates 100 and 10 with the aforementioned functional elements 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 Sole is explained below with reference to FIGS. 13a-13d. The arrows reflect the force progression lines during the various stages of the step cycle.

FIG. 13a shows the moment of the first ground contact, which occurs in the vast majority of athletes with the rear lateral side of the sole. The damping element 20 arranged at this point dissipates the energy transmitted to the foot when it is put on and thus protects the foot and knee joints from excessive stress.

Fig. 13b shows the next step: (. Cf. the corresponding arrows) according to the invention provided Füh guide elements 21, 22 will be charged now and align the foot by their concerted material properties, it ie to bring it into a to the substrate substantially parallel Orientie tion a neutral position between supination and pronation. As a result, the load center moves from its original position on the lateral rear side to the center of the heel area. This function of the guide elements 21 , 22 is achieved by suitable material properties, in particular the compressibility of the elements 21 and 22 .

Fig. 13c shows the stage of the ground contacting phase directly prior to the transition to roll with the inventive forefoot. By the additional stability element 23, the displacement is the center of gravity of the latera len to the medial side is stopped, thereby preventing an excessive pronation. FIG. 13c reflects this by diverting the line of force into the longitudinal axis of the sole and thus distributing the total load evenly over the medial as well as the lateral side of the sole.

Fig. 13d, finally, shows the force curve during rolling and during pushing off. First, the straight-line movement of the center of gravity is continued parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shoe and the load is evenly distributed over the me diale and the lateral side of the forefoot area. This keeps the foot in the neutral position. In the front area of the sole of the shoe, the force curve bends slightly on the medial side in the direction of the big toe, on which the greatest load lies when pushed off.

The schematically indicated in Fig. 13a-13d temporal sequence with the sole according to the invention thus ensures that the foot is aligned with the heel for a correct movement sequence even after completion of the put-on phase. By the second load distribution plate 10 , the damping, guidance and stability function of the elements 20 , 21 , 22 and 23 is transferred to the entire heel area and thus ensures the intended effect on the orientation of the foot. With the first load distribution plate 100 and the deformation elements 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 arranged below it, the targeted control of the movement sequence is continued until finally the highly elastic toe deformation element 114 supports pushing off due to its special elasticity.

The functional elements 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 as well as the Verformungsele elements 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 of the forefoot area are preferably made of foamed elements. While the use of a PU foam based on a polyether is particularly advantageous in the heel area, rubber-based EVA foams are preferably used in the forefoot area, since these materials have a higher elasticity. As already mentioned, the desired damping or guiding or stabilizing function is aimed at by different compressibilities of the functional elements. In general, the preferred hardness for the elements is in the range of 55-70 Shore Asker C (ASTM 790 ), with the relative differences between cushioning, guiding and stability elements depending on the purpose of the shoe, the size and the weight of the athlete. The different compressibilities can be achieved, for example, by different densities of the PU foams mentioned. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the density within the first 21 and / or the second 22 guide element and the stability element 23 is not constant but increases from the back to the front, as a result of which the compressibility decreases in this direction.

While the shoe shown in FIG. 8 includes an embodiment of the sole according to the invention for a running shoe, a further embodiment for a basketball shoe is shown in FIG. 14. Here, as can be seen in FIG. 14, the lower part of the U-shaped gripping of the second load distribution plate 10 can be pulled further back in order to achieve an even greater stability of the heel region. Furthermore, the second load distribution plate 10 in the embodiment from FIG. 14 has a smaller radius of curvature in its U-shaped section in order to enable a more pronounced support of the arch of the foot in the adjoining forefoot area.

The design of the outsole of the heel area arranged below the functional elements follows the arrangement of these elements in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 10. Thus, the separate section 31 corresponds to the damping element 20 , which can thus deform without hindrance when it is put on. The schematic representation from FIG. 15, on the other hand, shows the variant of a continuous outsole 30 in the heel area that is preferably used in shoes with high load peaks, such as the basketball shoe from FIG. 14. Alternatively, the outsole in the heel area can be designed similarly to the above-described outsole 200 of the forefoot area, ie in this area too, the outsole can bridge distances between the individual functional elements by means of bellows-like connections in order to ensure independent deformation and at the same time the penetration of contaminants prevent moisture or moisture.

For maximum structural stability, it is also possible (not shown) to connect the first and the second load distribution plate to each other, there by creating a basic framework for the entire sole area.

Claims (30)

1. Shoe sole, in particular for a sports shoe, comprising:

• a) a first load distribution plate ( 100 ) which is arranged in the forefoot area of the shoe sole;
• b) at least one lateral ( 110 , 112 ) and one medial ( 111 , 113 ) deformation element;
• c) wherein the first load distribution plate ( 100 ) at least partially encompasses at least the lateral ( 110 , 112 ) and / or the medial ( 111 , 113 ) deformation element starting from the rear end of the forefoot area.

2. Shoe sole according to claim 1, wherein the lateral ( 110 , 112 ) and the medial ( 111 , 113 ) deformation element are arranged at a distance ( 120 ) from one another underneath the first load distribution plate ( 100 ) in order to independently of one another when the shoe sole is loaded to deform. 3. Shoe sole according to claim 2, wherein the first load distribution plate ( 100 ) has the shape of a U open toward the front. 4. Shoe sole according to claim 3, wherein the first load distribution plate ( 100 ) has a lateral ( 105 ) and a medial ( 106 ) underside, which can be deflected independently of one another. 5. Shoe sole according to claim 4, wherein the lateral ( 105 ) and the medial ( 106 ) underside are separated from one another by an incision ( 107 ) in the first load distribution plate ( 100 ). The shoe sole of claim 4 or 5, wherein the first load distribution plate ( 100 ) has a top that extends further forward than its lateral ( 105 ) and medial ( 106 ) bottom. 7. Shoe sole according to one of claims 1-6, wherein a rear lateral ( 110 ), a front lateral ( 112 ), a rear medial ( 111 ) and a front medial ( 113 ) deformation element with a distance ( 120 ) from each other below the first load distribution plate ( 100 ) are arranged. 8. Shoe sole according to claim 7, further comprising a toe deformation element ( 114 ) in the foremost region under the first load distribution plate ( 100 ) at a distance ( 120 ) from the other deformation elements ( 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 ). 9. Shoe sole according to claim 8, wherein the toe deformation element ( 114 ) projects beyond the first load distribution plate ( 100 ) to the front and has a high elasticity. 10. Shoe sole according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the distances ( 120 ) between the rear lateral ( 110 ), the front lateral ( 112 ), the rear medial ( 111 ), the front medial ( 113 ) deformation element and the toe deformation element ( 114 ) are rectilinear. 11. Shoe sole according to claim 10, wherein along the straight lines ( 120 ) at least one retaining web ( 101 ) below the first load distribution plate ( 100 ) for the deformation elements ( 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ) is arranged. 12. Shoe sole according to one of claims 7-11, wherein the rear deformation elements ( 110 , 111 ) have a different hardness than the front deformation elements ( 112 , 113 ). 13. Shoe sole according to claim 12, wherein the elasticity of the deformation elements ( 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ) increases from the back to the front. 14. Shoe sole according to one of claims 1-13, wherein the / the lateral deformation element (s) ( 110 , 112 ) have a different hardness than the medial deformation element (s) ( 111 , 113 ). 15. Shoe sole according to one of claims 1-14 further comprising:

• a) a second load distribution plate ( 10 ) which is arranged in the heel region of the shoe sole;
• b) at least one below the second load distribution plate ( 10 ) on an ordered damping element ( 20 ), which determines the damping behavior of the shoe sole when it first comes into contact with the heel;
• c) at least one below the second load distribution plate arranged guide element ( 21 , 22 ) with material properties which bring the foot into a neutral position after the first contact with the ground.

16. Shoe sole according to claim 15, further comprising a stability element ( 23 ) below the second load distribution plate ( 10 ), which has material properties with which excessive pronation is prevented during the transition to the rolling phase of a step cycle. 17. Shoe sole according to claim 16, wherein a lateral ( 21 ) and a medial ( 22 ) guide element are arranged below the second load distribution plate ( 10 ). 18. Shoe sole according to claim 17, wherein the damping element ( 20 ), the guide elements ( 21 , 22 ) and the stability element ( 23 ) each occupy a substantially sector-shaped area of the area below the second load distribution plate ( 10 ). 19. Shoe sole according to claim 18, wherein the damping element ( 20 ) essentially the rear lateral area, the first guide element ( 21 ) the front lateral area, the second guide element ( 22 ) the rear medial area and the stability element ( 23 ) occupies the front medial area of the surface below the load distribution plate ( 10 ). 20. Shoe sole according to claim 19, wherein the damping element ( 20 ), the first and the second guide element ( 21 , 22 ) and the stability element ( 23 ) are each arranged at a distance ( 27 ) from one another. 21. Shoe sole according to claim 20, wherein an additional support element is arranged at least in one of the distances ( 27 , 120 ). 22. Shoe sole according to one of claims 17-21, wherein the first ( 21 ) and / or the second guide element ( 22 ) have a greater hardness than the damping element ( 20 ). 23. Shoe sole according to one of claims 17-22, wherein the hardness of the first ( 21 ) and / or the second guide element ( 22 ) and / or the stability element ( 23 ) increases from the back to the front. 24. Shoe sole according to one of claims 16-23, wherein the stability element ( 23 ) laterally projects beyond the second load distribution plate ( 10 ). 25. Shoe sole according to one of claims 15-24, wherein the second Lastver distribution plate ( 10 ), the damping ( 20 ) and / or the / the guide ( 21 , 22 ) and / or the stability element ( 23 ) at least partially U- encompasses. 26. Shoe sole according to claim 25, wherein the U-shaped grip is arranged at the end of the second load distribution plate ( 10 ) facing the forefoot area. 27. Shoe sole according to one of claims 15-26, further comprising a continuous outsole ( 30 , 200 ) below the damping element ( 20 ), the guide element (s) ( 21 , 22 ), the stability element ( 23 ) and the deformation elements ( 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ) is arranged. 28. Shoe sole according to claim 27, wherein the outsole ( 200 ) has bellows-like connections ( 201 ) in order to independently deform the damping element ( 20 ), the guide element (s) ( 21 , 22 ), the stability element ( 23 ) and the deformation elements ( 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ). 29. Shoe sole according to one of claims 1-28, wherein the first and the second load distribution plate are interconnected. 30. Shoe with a shoe sole according to one of claims 1-29.