Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
  • C12C11/00—Fermentation processes for beer
  • C12C11/07—Continuous fermentation
  • C12C11/075—Bioreactors for continuous fermentation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
  • C12C11/00—Fermentation processes for beer
  • C12C11/09—Fermentation with immobilised yeast
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
  • C12C11/00—Fermentation processes for beer
  • C12C11/07—Continuous fermentation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
  • C12G1/00—Preparation of wine or sparkling wine
  • C12G1/02—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation
  • C12G1/0203—Preparation of must from grapes; Must treatment and fermentation by microbiological or enzymatic treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
  • C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
  • C12G3/02—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by fermentation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
  • C12G3/00—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages
  • C12G3/02—Preparation of other alcoholic beverages by fermentation
  • C12G3/025—Low-alcohol beverages
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
  • C12M1/04—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with gas introduction means
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
  • C12M1/14—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means providing thin layers or with multi-level trays
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
  • C12M23/34—Internal compartments or partitions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M25/00—Means for supporting, enclosing or fixing the microorganisms, e.g. immunocoatings
  • C12M25/02—Membranes; Filters
  • C12M25/04—Membranes; Filters in combination with well or multiwell plates, i.e. culture inserts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12G—WINE; PREPARATION THEREOF; ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES C12C OR C12H
  • C12G2200/00—Special features
  • C12G2200/05—Use of particular microorganisms in the preparation of wine

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of production by fermentation of beverages from liquid nutrient media containing sugars and, in particular to the field of the production of an alcoholic beverage such as wine, fermented fruit juice or beer.
• This patent also describes a device for the implementation of the aforementioned method; this device comprises a first reactor for the aerobic culture of yeasts, a second reactor for anaerobic fermentation by means of said yeasts, these reactors being equipped with means for introducing a determined fraction of fruit juice, a unit of filtration fermentation product and transfer means between the reactors and the filtration unit to obtain, by batch, the desired product.
• the present invention aims to reduce the time of obtaining a fermented product from a fruit juice and, in particular, a wine from a must, using microorganisms fixed on a solid support , the overall equipment implemented remains of a reduced cost despite the significant increase in productivity due to the rapid execution of the necessary fermentations.
• the process can be used for alcoholic fermentation and / or for malolactic fermentation.
• the process according to the invention gives rise to continuous production, which is particularly advantageous in terms of operation.
• the present invention accordingly has, as a first object, a process for fermenting a continuous feed stream of liquid nutrient medium using yeasts or bacteria, this process comprising two stages, in the first of which, multiplication is ensured.
• aerobic said microorganisms through the feed stream with which they are brought into contact, and in the second of which, the microorganisms thus multiplied during the first step are used to ensure the fermentation of said nutrient medium and to output a flow of medium fermented nutrient
• process for which the continuous implementation consists in ensuring, in the first step, the adhesion-fixing of at least a portion of the microorganisms, on at least one fractional solid support, in order to constitute, with the (or the) supports) solid (s) thus loaded (s) microorganisms, at least one filtering barrier interposed between the supply of nutrient medium f and the outlet of the nutrient medium fermented, characterized in that, to form the filter dam, the nutrient medium is passed on said solid supports loaded micro
• the microorganisms are yeasts of alcoholic fermentation.
• the microorganisms are malolactic fermentation bacteria.
• the liquid nutrient medium is a nutrient medium at least partially fermented and aeration is low.
• the microorganisms are fixed to a plurality of fractional solid supports placed during said first step in the nutrient medium feed stream.
• the fractional solid supports made of wood, metal, sintered metal, a porous or non-porous plastic material, a porous organic material or a porous mineral material, in particular a porous ceramic material, or any other porous material compatible with the liquid to be fermented.
• one chooses solid supports constituting threads, steel wires, stainless or not, lamellae, agglomerates of lamellae and / or son, metallic helicoids of cylindrical or frustoconical shape, or grids metal.
• said feed stream is passed through a fixed tray, which redraws the fractional supports to form a bed containing a large part of the microorganisms multiplied during the first stage.
• said feed stream is passed vertically to through a stack of horizontal grids arranged parallel to each other, the fractional supports remaining trapped in the spaces between the grids.
• the filtering barrier is constituted around a cylindrical feed zone in nutrient medium, the outlet of which is carried out peripherally, said filtering barrier being constituted by a cylindrical crown of fractional supports retained externally by a sleeve, which constitutes the housing and which passes the liquid flow of nutrient medium to form the outlet of the fermented nutrient medium.
• the housing is a plurality of cartridges, which may be removable, containing the fractional supports, substantially tubular in shape implanted on a tray, impervious to liquid, placed in the passage between the two compartments, cartridge whose upper part, impermeable to liquid, overflows with respect to the horizontal plane of said plate, on the one hand and, whose side wall is perforated material or metal grids, on the other hand
• the height of the overflow of the upper part of each cartridge corresponds substantially to the thickness of the bed of fractional solid supports on the plate which ensures the realization of a first fermentation.
• the flow of partially fermented nutrient medium from the bed is poured into each of the cartridges to undergo the second fermentation.
• the invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the method defined above, an apparatus which comprises two compartments, one of the compartments being equipped with a withdrawal outlet for the extraction of a liquid constituted by a nutrient medium, which has already undergone the desired fermentation, the other compartment being equipped with a feeding feed of said nutrient medium, not or weakly fermented, and a transit outlet to the first compartment, a filtering dam being disposed between the two compartments and allowing the transit of the nutrient medium between the two compartments, the liquid of one of the compartments containing, during operation, at least one solid support on which microorganisms have adhered, which have been introduced into said first compartment during a start-up phase, characterized in that the filtering barrier consists of said solid supports which are grouped together inside the r of one or more housing, optionally removable, to output, peripherally, the fermented nutrient medium.
• the microorganisms are introduced into the first compartment by recycling a fraction of the nutrient medium which has already undergone at least partially, the desired fermentation .
• the filtering dam is a bed consisting of a layer of fractional carrier (s) carrying (s) adherent microorganisms, this bed being supported by a perforated plate or a fixed grid placed in the passage between the two compartments.
• the two compartments are arranged in line with each other, the transit of the flow of nutrient medium being effected by gravity.
• the housing may be a plurality of cartridges, containing the fractional supports, substantially tubular in shape implanted on a tray, impermeable to liquid, placed in the passage between the two compartments, the cartridge whose upper part, waterproof to the liquid, overflows with respect to the horizontal plane of said plate, on the one hand, and whose side wall is perforated material or in metal grilles, on the other hand.
• the height of the overflow of the upper part of each cartridge corresponds substantially to the thickness of the bed of fractional solid supports.
• the apparatus according to the invention comprises two units of the same structure, the withdrawal outlets of which are arranged in series to feed the inlet of a fermented product storage tank, one of the units ensuring a fermentation. by yeasts and the other by bacteria.
• the bed of fractional supports is fluidized by the nutrient medium or air especially when it comes to yeasts.
• the filtering dam is a cylindrical ring cluster of fractional supports retained, around a cylindrical feed volume of the nutrient medium, by a sleeve, which constitutes the housing, and which let the outlet flow of the fermented nutrient medium pass.
• the second compartment is a closed volume delimited by a permeable perforated fabric or material fed by a pipe which brings therein the microorganisms, the oxygenated gas and the partially fermented liquid nutrient medium. . no, this second compartment enclosing the fractional supports on which the microorganisms adhere, the first compartment being an enclosure inside which said second compartment is disposed, said chamber being filled with the fermented liquid nutrient medium produced and then ejected from the second compartment the liquid circulation that passes through it, to feed an external storage tank.
• Perforated material may be chosen as a plastic or metal material, the whole of which in its overall structure is permeable to the liquid nutrient medium. Such a material is in the form of film or membrane, flexible or not and thin.
• the enclosure, which constitutes the first compartment is secured to the second compartment and its pipe to be placed in a storage tank as a unitary assembly constituting a cartridge .
• the pipe of the second compartment is equipped with a pipe which, when its orifice is immersed in the tank, with which it is associated, allows a partial recirculation of the liquid contained in said tank .
• the second compartment is an element containing at least one metal grid, whose son form supports for the culture of microorganisms.
• the element comprises a plurality of grids, whose wires are close to each other to improve the efficiency of the fermentation, said grids being flat and parallel or rolled cylindrically, the element being provided with end sleeves, which hold the grids together and ensure the entry and exit of the liquid nutrient medium.
• the liquid nutrient medium is a grape must and the fermented liquid nutrient medium obtained is a wine.
• the liquid nutrient medium is a fruit juice and the apparatus produces a fermented juice.
• the fermented nutrient medium obtained by the implementation of the apparatus is a beer.
• FIG. 1 shows schematically, in axial section, a first embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for ensuring the alcoholic fermentation of a grape must, the withdrawal of the fermentation product being a wine;
• FIG. 2A shows schematically, in axial section, a second embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention having the same function as that of Figure 1, in its version for autonomous operation;
• FIG. 2B represents the apparatus of FIG. 2A when it is directly associated with a vinification tank, this apparatus constituting a removable cartridge that can be associated with a tank or another;
• Figures 3 to 7 show schematically different embodiments of supports for yeasts or bacteria, which can be inserted into devices according to Figures 1, 2A or 2B;
• FIG. 8 shows schematically the combination of an alcoholic fermentation reactor and a malolactic fermentation reactor with a wine storage tank.
• the reactor according to the invention has the shape of a cylindrical vessel designated by 1 as a whole, the vessel 1 comprising at the top a channel 2, through which a flow rate of air by means of a conventional device, whose detail is not shown (the arrow F0 symbolizes the air flow).
• a pipe 3 which allows to introduce into the tank 1 according to the arrow Fl, a flow of wort which is the liquid nutrient medium to ensure the filling of the tank.
• a withdrawal orifice 4 which allows, according to the arrow F2, the exit of the fermented liquid product that is desired.
• the tank 1 is separated into two compartments 5 and 6 by a perforated plate 7 parallel to the bases of the cylindrical tank 1.
• the perforated plate 7 is made of stainless steel and fixed on the side walls of the vessel 1; it is covered with a bed, of a certain thickness, consisting of small slices or wood chips on which adhere the yeasts that will be used to practice the alcoholic fermentation on the wort treated by the reactor.
• the wort introduced along the arrow Fl passes through the perforated plate 7, so that the bed of wooden slats, designated pat 8 as a whole, constitutes a fluidized bed due to the upward movement of the liquid introduced along the arrow Pl.
• the nature of the Wood slats 10 can be used to improve the organoleptic amounts of the fermentation product obtained.
• the state of the fluidized bed 8, which has just been described, is that which exists in the vessel 1 in steady state; but, in a start-up phase, there is placed in the compartment 5, through the orifice 9, a load of wood slats 10 intended to constitute the bed 8.
• a load of wood slats 10 intended to constitute the bed 8.
• slats of wood thus introduced and falling by gravity towards the bed 8.
• the wood slats thus loaded into the reactor have, by a prior treatment, been covered with yeasts which have adhered to them, these yeasts being those which will allow the alcoholic fermentation of the must introduced in the tank.
• the wort contains, in the natural state, the yeasts of alcoholic fermentation, it is possible not to carry out, as a preliminary, the adhesion of the yeasts on the wood slices, but to add more or less Yeast trade through the orifice 9 so that the adhesion of yeasts on the wood slices 10 is carried out in the compartment 5.
• the degree of fermentation in the compartment 6 remains constant since the yeasts of the fluidized bed 8 are multiplied as and when because of the oxygenation due to the introduction of air according to the arrow F0 and that the feeding according to the arrow Fl undergoes the alcoholic fermentation by the increase of the yeasts in the compartment 5.
• the possibility of modification by the pump 12 the amount of bypass makes it possible to predict, if desired, a production of yeasts to be extracted from the withdrawal stream according to arrow F2.
• the person skilled in the art knows the quantity of air necessary for the multiplication of the microorganisms, without altering, by oxidation, the quality of the desired final product.
• FIG. 2A represents, in schematic axial section, a second embodiment of the reactor according to the invention.
• This reactor is in the general form of a cylinder 100, which is filled with a nutrient medium 101 consisting of a grape must.
• a pipe 102 through which can be introduced into the cylinder 100, firstly, according to the arrow F'O a flow of air and secondly, according to the F'I arrow, a flow of nutrient medium that is to be subjected to a fermentation step; this flow of nutrient medium is pumped by means of the pump 112 inside the cylinder 100.
• the pipe 102 there is arranged around the pipe 102, a compartment which is delimited by a cylindrical sleeve of fabric, inside which buffers consisting of metal strips have been packed, this filling being sufficiently tight for liquid flow. brought by the pipe 102 has a large contact area with the filling; it is arranged that the outlet of the pipe 102 is situated mainly towards the bottom of the cylinder 100 and that the flow in the sleeve 107 is upward, the ends of the sleeve being hermetically closed, the flow of nutritive medium 101 is evacuated radially to through the metal pad that has been designated 108 as a whole.
• the reactor of Figure 2A can be used in isolation as in Figure 1; but it can also (see Figure 2D) be used in combination with a tank, which contains a wine that has already undergone alcoholic fermentation from the original must.
• the wine is placed in a tank 120, which has a manhole at its upper part, the hole being closed by a lid 121.
• the lid 121 is assembled on the apparatus of FIG.
• the cylinder 100 comprises at its base a pump 112, whose sorb ejects the liquid , according to the arrow F'2, contained in the cylinder 100 inside the tank 120.
• the subset of FIG. 2A is therefore mobile and can be used, like a removable cartridge, on different storage tanks 120. It is also possible to provide an installation consisting of two reactors 131 and 132 respectively for the alcoholic and malolactic fermentations; each of the reactors is of the type shown in FIG. 2A and the outlets are connected in series to feed a storage tank 130.
• the temperature is adjusted to around 15 ° C to initiate the establishment of alcoholic fermentation; once this is complete, the alcoholic beverage is withdrawn and introduced into the malolactic fermentation reactor 132; after which, the wine is sent to a storage tank 130.
• This embodiment is shown in FIG.
• FIG 3 there is shown, in perspective, a textile formed of stainless steel son; this textile is wound on itself to form a substantially tubular three-dimensional shape designated 200 as a whole.
• the constituent steel wire of this textile may have a diameter up to about 1 mm; the adhesion of microorganisms is improved by streaking the surface of the wire, the hollow space along the axis of the winding allows to set up a perforated pipe (not shown) to ensure the aeration of microorganisms fixed on the wire
• Figure 4 shows, in perspective, another textile support made of stainless steel wire; this support 201 consists of several coaxial cylindrical windings, each sheet is spaced from neighboring sheets by a distance of up to 5 mm. The spacing between the layers allows good air circulation, which is necessary for the multiplication: microorganisms, especially yeasts.
• FIG. 5 represents, in perspective, a cylindrical cartridge 202 intended to be placed vertically in a reactor according to the invention; the feeding of this cartridge is carried out from bottom to top, the nutrient medium being sent by the two low inputs and the output being effected at the top of the cartridge.
• the interior of the cartridge 202 contains the fractional solid supports 202b, which are necessary for the fermentation; the cartridge is delimited, in the upper part as in the lower part, by plugs 202a, which hold the particulate supports arranged inside.
• FIG. 6 represents a cartridge 203 of the type of that of FIG. 5 placed inside a vinification tank 204.
• the structure of this cartridge comprises, at the bottom, a plug 203a, which receives the nutritive medium at ferment, in the upper part, a plug 20312, which also receives a feed and, between the two plugs, a side wall capable of passing the treated liquid medium.
• This arrangement makes it possible to ensure good contact between the nutrient medium and the yeasts which have adhered to the filling elements 203c. placed in the volume between the side wall of the cartridge and its two plugs; this filling may be, as indicated in the state of the art, made of any suitable material, for example materials described in Figures 3 and 4 of this patent application.
• the cartridge 203 is placed inside a vinification tank 204.
• FIG. 7 represents, in perspective, a stack 205 of wire mesh constituting planar grids. These superposed metal sheets hold between them fractional supports 207, which are trapped between the parallel grids 206.
• the materials that can be used for the structures according to FIG. 7, are all the materials indicated in FIG. state of the art relating to the adhesion of microorganisms.
• FIG. 9 shows in perspective, not in scale, cartridges 91 implanted vertically on a horizontal plate 92 arranged in a reactor according to the invention.
• the upper portion 93 of the cartridge 91 which protrudes with respect to the plane of the plate 92, is impervious to the liquid.
• the tray 92 is liquid-tight which allows the implementation of a first fermentation of the nutrient medium by the fractional solid supports loaded with microorganisms, forming a bed on the tray.
• the nutrient medium having partially fermented from the bed is poured into the cartridge 91 to undergo a second fermentation with the solid supports it contains.
• the liquid having undergone the second fermentation leaves peripherally at its side walls 94.
• the cartridges 91 may be removable for replacement or loading solid supports outside the reactor.
• By-pass circulation can be provided, by means of a pipe which connects the compartment 6 and the compartment 5, with the liquid having undergone the first and the second fermentation (not shown).

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• 2017
  • 2017-08-11 FR FR1770846A patent/FR3070044B1/fr active Active
• 2018
  • 2018-08-02 US US16/638,257 patent/US20200172840A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2018-08-02 EP EP18765943.8A patent/EP3665259A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2018-08-02 WO PCT/FR2018/000198 patent/WO2019030434A1/fr unknown

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