EP3662110B1 - Improved laying unit for a segmental arch paving - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a laying unit for a segmental arch pavement with a circular arc-shaped concave inner side, a circular arc-shaped convex outer side and end sides with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

A large number of stone elements made of concrete have already been developed for segmental arch pavement. However, these clearly always show a schematic pavement pattern resulting from the production of the precast element. In particular, joints running in zigzag lines in the direction of the road and cross joints occurring in surfaces make the pavement recognizable as an imitation, which is not suitable for use in areas with demanding urban development. Furthermore, the segmental arch pavement made of concrete that has been developed so far leaves something to be desired with regard to their load-bearing capacity.

From the EP 2 801 661 A1 a flooring plate is known which is formed in the shape of a segment of an arc. The single arch covering plate here has about the length of an eighth of a circle. Spacers are arranged on the circular arc-shaped concave inner side and the circular arc-shaped convex outer side.

the EP 2 236 669 A2 describes a paving stone kit for creating a segmental arch pavement and an associated paving stone base element. It is stated that protruding composite sections can be provided on the base of the paving stone base elements.

the U.S. 4,496,266 describes a laying unit for a segmental arch pavement, on the side surfaces of which composite units are provided which are arranged at irregular distances from one another.

The not pre-published DE 10 2016 000 976 A1 discloses a segmented arch pavement with laying units in which, when assembled, composite sections engage with one another in a rack-like manner.

In the DE 10 2013 015 212 A1 a wedge-shaped laying unit for a segmental arch pavement is disclosed, which is built up from the same circular segment-shaped paving elements. Here, the corresponding paving element can have a composite system which comprises composite sections arranged at a distance from one another on the side surfaces of the paving element. Details relating to the design of these composite sections are not described here.

The present invention is based on the object of creating a laying unit for a segmental arched pavement with which a segmental arched pavement that is particularly resilient and structurally demanding can be created.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in a laying unit of the type described at the outset by the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

On the inside and the outside of the laying unit there are compound units that interact with corresponding compound units of adjacent laying units, so that a corresponding interlocking effect is achieved between individual laying units that are placed against one another, which secures the individual stone elements from being displaced against each other. These composite units are each arranged at the same distance from one another, so that adjacent laying units can be offset from one another when creating a segmental arch pavement. This has the essential advantage that, when the laying units are put together, continuous zigzag lines can be avoided, so that the result is a pavement with a sophisticated design.

In spite of the interconnected units provided, the invention therefore provides the possibility of mutually displacing laying units that are connected to one another. This is achieved in that the composite units are arranged at equal distances from one another over the entire length of a laying unit, both on the inside and on the outside, so that corresponding laying units are located in the Let the grid of these distances offset against each other. This would not be the case with different distances between the composite units, not even with an arrangement of composite units related to the individual stone element.

When creating a segmented pavement, the corresponding laying units are lined up. The laying units are offset to one another in a lateral direction so that there are no continuous zigzag lines in the laid pavement.

The individual stone elements of a laying unit can have different sizes. Adjacent laying units can also have stone elements of different sizes. However, it is essential with the invention that the composite units are arranged over the entire length of the laying unit at the same distance from one another, i.e. regardless of the length of the individual stone elements. Only then does it become possible to offset the laying units laterally with respect to one another in order to achieve the appropriate approximation to a natural stone segment arch pavement (no more schematic laying).

The laying unit preferably corresponds approximately to the segment shape of a quarter circle and is preferably composed of four stone elements. The corresponding quarter circle has a central axis which runs perpendicular to the chord connecting the two lateral end points of the laying unit.

The composite units provided on the inside and the outside of the installation unit produce toothing in the manner of a toothed rack when two installation units are attached to one another, specifically in both circumferential directions of the corresponding installation units. "Protection against displacement" here means that there is a contact, a form-fitting contact or a positioning of the corresponding composite sections with a small function-related spacing from one another.

The composite units are designed in such a way that the composite units each have at least one protruding composite section on the concave inside and the composite units each have at least two protruding composite sections on the convex outside. This configuration can also take place in the opposite way, ie at least one composite section is provided on the outside and at least two composite sections are provided on the inside. The composite sections protrude from the side surfaces of the individual stone elements and can extend over the entire height or only over part of the height of the stone elements. They can have any shape, for example semicircular or triangular in cross section. It is essential that the desired interlocking effect arises when they mesh, which prevents the laying units from being displaced relative to one another.

The center of the composite unit in the circumferential direction, which is on the inside or outside, is referred to as the center of a composite unit.

In the present invention, the composite sections are preferably in the form of vertically extending strips. The vertically extending composite strips do not have to extend over the entire height of a stone element of the laying unit. For example, they can only extend over the height or part of the height of the base, while there are no longer any composite sections on the side surfaces of the stone heads.

The composite sections are preferably approximately semicircular in plan view, so that there is preferably a linear or point-like contact with the stone element of an adjacent laying unit.

Between adjacent composite sections, protruding sections are arranged which do not protrude as far as the composite sections. Composite sections of an adjacent stone element therefore come into contact with these protruding sections, so that the aforementioned linear or point-like contact is obtained.

The connection units on the convex outside are arranged relative to the connection units on the concave inside so that a straight line running parallel to the central axis of the laying unit runs through the center of a protruding connection section on the inside and through extends the center of a composite section gap on the outside or vice versa. The central axis of the installation unit has already been defined above.

It is clear that in this embodiment, when laying units are placed next to one another, even if they are laterally offset, compound units always meet compound units. Since these composite units are designed in such a way that a protruding composite section then always encounters a gap between two protruding composite sections of the other composite unit, it is ensured that the desired rack effect is achieved with protection against displacement.

The distances between the centers of the compound units on the convex outside can correspond to those of the compound units on the concave inside or a multiple thereof, so that two compound units always meet. Of course, the reverse is also possible.

In a special embodiment, the composite sections of the composite units are also preferably designed such that their horizontal axes run parallel to the central axis of the laying unit. The horizontal axes of the composite sections mean the axes running essentially in the radial direction. In particular when the composite sections have a relatively large extension in the radial direction, this extension is aligned parallel to the central axis of the laying unit, thus the laying units - even with a lateral offset - can be placed next to one another with interlocking.

In particular, the distance between the connection units on the concave inside corresponds to the length of the end sides of the laying unit.

Furthermore, composite units can be provided both on the end sides of the laying unit and on the end sides of the respective stone elements.

The laying unit designed according to the invention can be composed of stone elements which have only a single row of stone heads. However, a laying unit is preferred in which the stone elements have several stone head rows separated from one another by dummy joints, with at least two stone head rows being provided from the inside to the outside.

Also preferred is an embodiment in which the laying unit is subdivided into a plurality of stone elements separated from one another in a stair-like manner and has stair-like end sides. In this embodiment, two composite systems are used: on the one hand, the composite system, which is formed by the composite units on the concave inside and the convex outside, and, on the other hand, the composite system formed by the step-like gradations.

As already mentioned, corresponding compound units can also be provided on the end sides of the laying units be. This also applies to the end faces of the individual stone elements, so that composite units can also work together between adjacent stone elements. Even if the end sides of the laying units and stone elements are designed like stairs, composite units can be provided on all surfaces of the steps. In these step-like gradations, a step section of the stone elements is preferably assigned to the end sides of a row of stone heads.

Figur 1

eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform einer aus vier Steinelementen bestehenden Verlegeeinheit für ein Segmentbogenpflaster;

Figur 2

eine schematische Draufsicht auf zwei aneinandergesetzte Verlegeeinheiten mit entsprechenden Kreisdarstellungen der kreisbogenförmigen Verlegeeinheiten;

Figur 3

eine Draufsicht auf eine andere Ausführungsform einer aus vier Steinelementen bestehenden Verlegeeinheit für ein Segmentbogenpflaster;

Figur 4

die Verlegeeinheit der Figur 3 in räumlicher Ansicht mit Darstellung der einzelnen Steinköpfe;

Figur 5

eine schematische Draufsicht auf mehrere aneinandergesetzte Verlegeeinheiten der Figur 3, wobei entsprechende Kreisdarstellungen der kreisbogenförmigen Verlegeeinheiten dargestellt sind;

Figur 6

eine Draufsicht auf ein aus den Verlegeeinheiten der Figur 3 gebildetes Segmentbogenpflaster;

Figur 7

eine schematische Draufsicht auf zwei parallele Reihen von aneinandergesetzten Verlegeeinheiten der Figur 3; und

Figur 8

eine Draufsicht auf noch eine Ausführungsform einer Verlegeeinheit im Detail.

The invention is explained in detail below using an exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the drawing. Show it:

Figure 1

a plan view of an embodiment of a laying unit consisting of four stone elements for a segmented arch pavement;

Figure 2

a schematic plan view of two laying units placed next to one another with corresponding circular representations of the circular-arc-shaped laying units;

Figure 3

a plan view of another embodiment of a laying unit consisting of four stone elements for a segmented arch pavement;

Figure 4

the laying unit of the Figure 3 in a three-dimensional view with representation of the individual stone heads;

Figure 5

a schematic plan view of several juxtaposed laying units of Figure 3 , corresponding circular representations of the circular arc-shaped laying units are shown;

Figure 6

a plan view of one of the laying units of Figure 3 formed segmental arch plaster;

Figure 7

a schematic plan view of two parallel rows of juxtaposed laying units of FIG Figure 3 ; and

Figure 8

a plan view of yet another embodiment of a laying unit in detail.

Figure 1 shows a schematic plan view of a laying unit for a segmental arch pavement. The laying unit 1 has a circular arc-shaped concave inside, a circular arc-shaped convex outside, an upper side, a lower side and two end sides 3 running approximately perpendicular to the inside and outside. It corresponds approximately to the segment shape of a quarter circle.

The laying unit 1 is composed of four stone elements 2. Each stone element 2 is provided on its inside and its outside with composite units 10, which are designed in the form of two vertical composite sections (composite strips). There are two composite strips here arranged side by side. In this case, two composite strips in each case form a composite unit 10.

The centers of the composite units 10 are arranged both on the outside and on the inside at equal intervals over the entire laying unit 1, regardless of the length of the individual stone elements, of stone heads 6 and dummy joints 11, the center distances on the outside and the Inside are about the same size.

Figure 2 shows a schematic plan view of two laying units 1 placed next to one another to form a segmental arch pavement. The corresponding circles or arcs are shown with the central axis 21.

Figure 3 shows a schematic plan view of another embodiment of a laying unit 1 for a segmental arch pavement with two rows of stone heads. The laying unit 1 also has a circular arc-shaped concave inner side, a circular arc-shaped convex outer side, an upper side and a lower side. Here, however, the two end sides 3 and the ends of the stone elements are designed in the shape of a staircase.

Composite units 10 in the form of vertical composite strips are arranged at equal distances from one another both on the convex outside and on the concave inside. The composite units on the inside each comprise a protruding composite section, while the Composite units each have two protruding composite sections on the outside.

Figure 4 shows the structure of the in Figure 3 Laying unit 1 shown in detail. As mentioned, the laying unit 1 has four stone elements 2 which are joined to one another. Each stone element 2 has a base 5 and stone heads 6 which protrude upward from the base and are separated from one another by dummy joints 11. Each stone element 2 has two rows of stone heads 6, the stone element 2 on the left in the figure having a total of five stone heads 6, while the other three stone elements 2 each have six stone heads 6. In this embodiment, the composite units 10 are only arranged on the stone heads 6.

The ones in the Figures 3 and 4 The laying unit 1 shown is only of an exemplary nature. Any division into stone elements can be made if at least two stone elements are present. The size of the stone elements and the number of stone heads can also be different. The step-shaped design of the end sides 3 and the surfaces 4 facing one another is important.

Figure 5 shows a schematic plan view of several laying units 1 placed next to one another. The laying units 1 are arranged laterally offset from one another, as indicated by β. It can be seen that both the concave inside and the convex outside of each installation unit are formed by a part of an arc which here has a radius R and a center point M. The possibility of lateral displacement results in a structurally advantageous plaster image.

Figure 6 shows a plan view of a segmented arch pavement produced, which is formed from three rows of laying units arranged next to one another. As mentioned, the laying units in each row are arranged offset from one another by amounts β, so that no continuous zigzag lines are formed between adjacent rows of laying units.

Figure 7 shows schematically two rows of laying units, the corresponding offset being indicated by arrows.

Figure 8 shows a further embodiment of a laying unit in a plan view in detail. The individual stone heads are shown on the left, while the right side is shown without stone heads but with the intended composite units for reasons of clarity.

Here, too, four stone elements 2 form a laying unit 1, the end sides and adjacent sides of the stone elements 2 being stepped like a staircase. Composite units 10 are arranged both on the convex outside and on the concave inside of the laying unit 1, the centers of which are approximately the same distances from one another, the distances on the outside and the inside being approximately the same. The composite units 10 are here both on the inside and on the outside Arranged over the entire circumferential length of the installation unit (not shown in the left part of the illustration).

The composite units 10 on the concave inside each have a protruding composite section in the form of a vertical bar which is approximately semicircular in cross section. The composite units 10 on the convex outer side each comprise two protruding composite sections in the form of vertical strips with an approximately semicircular cross-section. The arrangement of the composite units 10 on the inside and outside is such that the center of the protruding composite section on the inside and the center of the gap between the two protruding composite sections on the outside lie on a straight line that runs parallel to the central axis 21 of the laying unit 1 . When laying units are juxtaposed, the composite sections on the inside get into the respective gaps of the composite sections on the outside, so that an interlocking effect results between two juxtaposed laying units. As a result, the two installation units are secured against displacement relative to one another in the circumferential direction.

Since the composite units are arranged at the same distance from one another both on the inside and on the outside, the laying units can be offset in the lateral direction relative to one another when they are joined together. The corresponding composite sections on the inside penetrate into the gaps of composite units on the outside, which are shifted laterally by one, two, three etc. composite units.

In order to achieve a particularly good adaptation of the individual composite sections of the respective composite units when the corresponding laying units are attached to one another, the protruding composite sections of the composite units 10 are designed such that their horizontal axes 30 run approximately parallel to the central axis 21 of the laying unit 1. The protruding composite sections are therefore aligned with the central axis of the laying unit.

The sections protruding between adjacent composite sections of a composite unit, which do not protrude as far as the composite sections, are not shown in the figures.

Claims (9)

1. A laying unit (1) for segmental arch paving having a circular arc-shaped concave inner side, a circular arc-shaped convex outer side and end sides (3), wherein the laying unit is divided into several stone elements (2) that are separated from one another and that each have a common base and stone heads (6) arranged thereon that are separated from one another by means of dummy joints (11), wherein joining units (10) that are spaced apart at equal distances from one another from center point to center point of the units (10) over the entire laying unit (1) are further arranged on the concave inner side and the convex outer side of the laying unit (1), wherein the joining units (10) each comprise at least one protruding joining portion on the concave inner side and the joining units (10) each comprise at least two protruding joining portions on the convex outer side or vice versa, characterized in that the joining units (10) on the convex outer side are arranged relative to the joining units on the concave inner side such that a straight line running in parallel with the center axis (21) of the laying unit (1) extends through the center of a protruding joining portion on the inner side and through the center of a gap between joining portions on the outer side or vice versa, wherein, when two laying units (1) have been placed one against the other, the associated joining units (10) of an outer side and of an inner side interlock and form an anti-shifting means in both circumferential directions, and in that protruding portions that do not protrude as far as the joining portions are arranged between adjacent joining portions of an joining unit (10).
2. The laying unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the protruding joining portions of the joining units (10) are designed such that their horizontal axes extend in parallel with the center axis (21) of the laying unit (1).
3. The laying unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises four stone elements (2).
4. The laying unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises joining units on its end sides (3) and/or adjacent surfaces (4) of the individual stone elements (2).
5. The laying unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between center points of the joining units (10) on the concave inner side corresponds to the length of the end sides (3) of the laying unit (1).
6. The laying unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the stone elements (2) comprise several stone head rows that are separated from one another by means of dummy joints (4), wherein at least two stone head rows are provided from the inner side to the outer side.
7. The laying unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is divided into several stone elements (2) that are separated from one another in a stair-like manner, and comprises stair-like end sides (3).
8. The laying unit according to claim 7, characterized in that in each case one stair portion of the stone elements (2) is assigned to the end sides (3) of a stone head row.
9. The laying unit according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that joining portions are also provided on the stair-like gradations.

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